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Proceedingscalif09cali ' BINDING LIST DEC 1 5 )9l1 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2009 with funding from Ontario Council of University Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingscalif09cali PROCEEDINGS California Academy of Sciences FOURTH SERIES Vol. IX 1919 o^n y ,% " PRINTED FROM THE ^• r JOHN W. HENDRIE PUBLICATION ENDOWMENT SAN FRANCISCO Published by the Academy 1919 r m COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION George C. Edwards, Chairman C. E. Grunsky Barton Warren Evermann, Editor if CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX Plates 1-20 page Title-page ] Contents '" Notes on West American Chitons— II 1 By S. Stillman Berry (Published June 16, 1919) Life-Zone Indicators in California 37 By Harvey Monroe Hall and Joseph Grinnell (Published June 16, 1919) Notes on Mammals collected principally in Washington and California between the Years 1853 and 1874 by Dr. James Graham Cooper. ... 69 By Walter P. Taylor (Published July 12, 1919) Climatic Relations of the Tertiary and Quaternary Faunas of the California Region 123 By James Perrin Smith (Published July 12, 1919) Contribution to the Optics of the Microscope 175 By C. W. Woodworth (Published July 12, 1919) The Gopher-Snakes of Western North America 197 By John Van Denburgh and Joseph R. Slevin (Published August 26, 1919) New Oregon Diptera 221 By F. R. Cole and A. L. Lovett (Published August 26, 1919) Key to the North American Species of the Dipterous Genus Medeterus, with Descriptions of New Species 257 By Millard C. Van Duzee (Published August 26, 1919.1 Description of a New Fossil Fish from Japan 271 By David Starr Jordan (Published October 22, 1919) Notes on the Avifauna of the Inner Coast Range of California 273 By Joseph Mailliard (Published November 25, 1919) New Species of Flies (Diptera) from California 297 By J. R. Malloch (Published December 23, 1919) Mechanism in the Production of the Throat-Fan in the Florida Chame- leon, Anolis carolinensis 313 By Chas. E. von Geldern (Published December 23, 1919) New Hemipterous Insects of the Genera Aradus, Phytocoris and Camptobrochys 331 By Edward P. Van Duzec (Published February 5, 1920) Report of the President of the Academy for the Year \9\'^ 357 By C. E. Grunsky (Published August 4, 1920) Report of the Director of the Museum for the Year 1919 367 By Barton Warren Evermann (Published August 4, 1920) Index 397 November 17, 1920. PROCEEOINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Vol. IX, No. I, pp. 1-36, pis. 1-8 June 16, 1919 I NOTES ON WEST AMERICAN CHITONS—II. BY S. STILLMAN BERRY, REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA 3. On the Generic or Subgeneric Position of Certain West American Chitons Specimens now in hand of the two Australian species. IschnochitoH australis (Sowerby) and /. novcehollandice Gray, make it evident that most of the species from other regions which have been associated with them in the section or subgenus Ischnoradsia of Shuttleworth, of whicli the former species must be taken as the type, have no true rela- tions with them whatever. One of our West North Ameri- can species which has clearly been incorrectly included here is the aberrant Isclinochiton trifidiis Carpenter, 1864. As this species appears to have no close connection with any other known to us, while it ofifers several rather remarkable features of its own, I propose to make it the type of a new group, Tripoplax, which for the time being may be tentatively re- ferred to Isclinochiton as a subgenus. In the true Ischwrad- sia, not only is the sculpture, especially that of the lateral and terminal areas, of a different order, but the girdle scales are relatively quite large, thick and heavy, and bear a conspicuous vertical carination on their outer aspect. In the West Ameri- can species the lateral and tenninal areas have only a rela- OF SCIENCES P«oc. 4th Se«. 2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY I lively small number of low, flat, smooth, even ribs, and the proportionally much smaller girdle scales, which become even more minute toward the margin, are without any undue outer thickening or carination. In passing it may be noted that the so-called "Ischnoradsias" of Northern Japan can evidently be associated neither with the Australian species nor with /. trifidus. This phase of the matter will be treated more in detail upon a subsec|uent occasion in connection with a dis- cussion of the radular characters. Ischnochiton regularis (Carpenter 1855) was referred by Pilsbry ('92, p. 142) to his section Radsiella, evidently be- cause of its radsioid valves. But Radsiella, as he has it. is an even more heterogeneous assortment than Ischvoradsia, the species referred to it including not only /. trideutatus Pils- bry from Lower California as type, and /. regularis, but also /. virididus (Couthouy) from Tierra del Fuego, the /. trifidus above mentioned, and /. tigrinus (Krauss) from the Cape of Good Hope. I am not sure that the actual degree of rela- tionship is sufficiently close for the association of any two of these in the same group : certainly the three West .American forms have each striking peculiarities to distingiiish them. Quite recently Thiele ( :10, p. 112, 113) has shown that the radular characters of regularis indicate an affinity with the otherwise very different appearing Lepidocoiia and Callista- chiton. This fact, together with the multiplication of inser- tion slits and other shell characters, causes me to propose here a second new group, Rhombocliitou, to rank near or under Lepidozona, with /. regularis (Carpenter) as type. On my labels I am retaining both of these groups under Ischuochiton until certain further investigations upon which I am engaged can be carried through to completion. I do not think that our present knowledge of the detailed morphology of either the shell or the radula can be implicitly trusted to jirovide the key for working out the true relationships of all these groups, so as conservative a treatment as possible seems now the safest to adopt. Through the kindness of Professors J. C. Merriam and B. L. Clark of the University of California, tlicrc have been ; I : ; Vol. IX BERRY—NOTES ON WEST AMERICAN CHITONS 3 placed in my hands for study a few specimens of chitons from the collection of the late Dr. J. G. Cooper, whicli are of inter- est as having presumably been determined by Dr. P. P. Car- penter. Among these I have been interested to find a single specimen, represented by a few loose valves, of the very insuf- ficiently known "Trachydcrmon gothicus" of Carpenter ('64, p. 649; '66, p. 212). This bears the Catalogue Number 2388 [S. S. B. 478], and was taken by Dr. Cooper at San Pedro, California, on shells of Haliotis. At near the same time a second specimen came to me through the generosity of Mr. W. H. Golisch of the Southwest Museum. This one, which is fortunately complete, was found by Mrs. Golisch at Dead Man's Island, San Pedro, California, in 1909 [S. S. B. 1060]. For some time I have felt that gothicus constituted a distinct element of its own in the heterogeneous mixture comprised in the Carpenterian genus Trachydcrmon. yet I was not alto- gether prepared to find revealed a second species of my own group Dcndrochiton (Berry :11, p. 487), of which D. tliam- noporus (Berry) stands as the type and, up till now, the only known species. This group was founded largely because of its girdle characters, and of course one would not expect the complex and fragile sets to persist in dried specimens such as these, but in the specimen found by Mrs. Golisch a few pore-like dots are evident opposite the sutures in situations corresponding to the position of the major series of setae in D. thainiioporiis. From this circumstance, coupled with the fact the shell characters of the two species are evidently but elaborations of the same general plan, I think there is no question that the two are congeneric. On the other hand their specific separation would appear to be easy. The more conspicuous features in wihich D. gothicus dififers from thaiii- noponis are (1) the greater elevation and more acute angle of tlie ridge (2) the much narrower, more numerous (about 13 on the central valves), and straighter ribs of the pleural areas, blend- ing into a rather obscure, fine, irregular, longitudinal thread- ing on the jugal tract (3) the relatively solid texture of the interspaces between the pleural ribs; in thamnoporus. under moderately high CAUFOKSIA ACAOnMY OF SCtESCES (Proc. 4th Se«. Fig. 1. Dcndrochiton tlniiiinoporus (Berry). Camera skctcli of dorsal aspect of right side of valve v of type [8a]. from off Xfonterey. Fig. 2. Dcndrochiton thamiioporus (Berry). Camera outline of valve v of type [8a]. anterior elevation. Fig. 3. Dcndrochiton nothicus (Carpenter). Camera sketch of dorsal aspect of right side of valve iv of specimen [478] from San Pedro. Fig. 4. Dendrochilon gothicus (Carpenter). Camera outline of valve iv [478], anterior elevation. Vol. IX) BERRY—MOTES ON n-EST AMERICAN CHITONS 5 power (x36), these interspaces are conspicuously spongy, while in gothicus they are not; (4) the heavier granulation of the lateral areas. The two species are of about the same size, and both are brilliantly colored. As a further aid in separating them, I append the accompanying rather rough sketches (text figs. 1-4). No doubt the receipt of good alcoholic material of gothicus will reveal additional important features of taxo- nomic value in the girdle. Gothicus is so far recorded only from the immediate vicinity of the San Pedro Channel, tJiani- noporus from Monterey Bay. In the original description of the latter species, a lapsus calami resulted in the spelling thamnopora. The correction to thainnoponis is made in ac- cordance with Article 19 of the International Code.
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