Syrian-Forum-Annual-Report-2020
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Activism Diaspora, 157 Environmental Justice, 249–252 Institutional, 27
INDEX Activism Antiequality conservative ideology, diaspora, 157 142 environmental justice, 249–252 Antiextremism advocacy and institutional, 27 outreach, 164–165 online, 227–229 Antiinequality frame political, 75–76 amplification, legitimization, and youth, 217–221 cooptation of, 11–13 Activist(s) legitimation and “discursive careers, 238–239, 245–246 resources”,12–13 hierarchy to movements, 243 Antiinequality messaging, democratic recruitment and participation, party adoption of, 14–16 243 Antisystemic socialization, 248 Affordable Care Act (ACA). Arab Spring See Patient Protection and diaspora mobilization for, 161–165 Affordable Care Act (2010) revolutionary, 159 African National Congress, 242 Yemeni mobilization in response Age, 216 to, 165–168 age-based expectations, 217–221 Arab-Muslim majority, 156 as deterrent for action, 222–225 Arizona Education Association legal age for political participation, (AEA), 202 224–225 Arizona Educators United (AEU), Agenda, 6, 16 204, 206, 208 policy plank on, 5–6 Assertive action, 69–70 transnational, 247 Attitude, 49–51 on tuition policies, 71 change and polarization over time, AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power 55–57 (ACT UP), 140 Al Qaeda, 156 Basic pension scheme, 62 Al-Nusra, 156 Benevolent coercion, 102 Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss Bernie Sanders campaign, 17–18 (AStA), 75 Biographical barriers, 187 American Federation of Teachers Biological reproduction, 117 (AFT), 209 Bipartite strategy, 34 American public policy, 6 Bismarckian-type transfer programs, Amplification of antiinequality frame, -
Key Actors and Abbreviations
Key actors and abbreviations The Assad regime and its allies ‘The regime’ Bashar al-Assad, Syrian President 2000– Hafez al-Assad, Syrian President 1971–2000 Asma al-Assad (née Akhras), Syria’s First Lady 2000– Maher al-Assad, brother of Bashar al-Assad, Commander of Republican Guard and 4th Armoured Division Anisa Makhlouf, mother of Bashar al-Assad Assif Shawkat, brother-in-law of Bashar al-Assad, head of military intelligence 2005–9, deputy minister of defence 2011–12 Rami Makhlouf, cousin of Bashar al-Assad, wealthy businessman Manaf Tlass, Republican Guard General, defected 2012 Farouk al-Sharaa, First Vice President of Syria 2006– Walid al-Muallem, Foreign Minister 2006– Bouthaina Shabaan, political and media adviser to the Syrian President 2008– Ba’ath – Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party, the ruling party of Syria since 1963 Mukhabarat – Set of notorious regime intelligence agencies Shabiha – Gangs of irregular pro-regime thugs NDF – National Defence Force, formed 2013 Russia Vladimir Putin, Russian President 2000–8, 2012–, Russian Prime Minister 2008–12 Dmitri Medvedev, Russian President 2008–12, Russian Prime Minister 2012–20 Sergei Lavrov, Foreign Minister 2004– Mikhail Bogdanov, Deputy Foreign Minister 2011– Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran 1989– xii 5146.indd xii 19/06/20 5:00 PM KEY ACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiii Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iranian President 2005–13 Hassan Rouhani, Iranian President 2013– Ali Akbar Salehi, Foreign Minister 2010–13 Mohammad Javad Zarif, Foreign Minister 2013– Qassem Suleimani, Commander -
Political Economy Report English F
P a g e | 1 P a g e | 2 P a g e | 3 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY And ITS SOCIAL RAMIFICATIONS IN THREE SYRIAN CITIES: TARTOUS, Qamishli and Azaz Economic developments and humanitarian aid throughout the years of the conflict, and their effect on the value chains of different products and their interrelation with economic, political and administrative factors. January 2021 P a g e | 4 KEY MESSAGES • The three studied cities are located in different areas of control: Tartous is under the existing Syrian authority, Azaz is within the “Euphrates Shield” areas controlled by Turkey and the armed “opposition” factions loyal to it, and most of Qamishli is under the authority of the “Syrian Democratic Forces” and the “Self-Administration” emanating from it. Each of these regions has its own characteristics in terms of the "political war economy". • After ten years of conflict, the political economy in Syria today differs significantly from its pre-conflict conditions due to specific mechanisms that resulted from the war, the actual division of the country, and unilateral measures (sanctions). • An economic and financial crisis had hit all regions of Syria in 2020, in line with the Lebanese crisis. This led to a significant collapse in the exchange rate of the Syrian pound and a significant increase in inflation. This crisis destabilized the networks of production and marketing of goods and services, within each area of control and between these areas, and then the crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this deterioration. • This crisis affected the living conditions of the population. The monthly minimum survival expenditure basket (SMEB) defined by aid agencies for an individual amounted to 45 working days of salaries for an unskilled worker in Azaz, 37 days in Tartous and 22 days in Qamishli. -
Syrians Find Safe Haven in South Florida
Posted on Tue, Jul. 29, 2014 Syrians find safe haven in South Florida BY PARADISE AFSHAR Special to the Miami Herald Seven months ago, Mohamad Chikh Omar and his three children landed in Miami. They didn’t have a place to stay. They spoke very little English. But he knew one thing: He and his children — ages 14, 6 and 5 — were secure, thousands of miles away from the shooting, sniper fire and bombs buzzing CHARLES TRAINOR JR. / MIAMI HERALD STAFF overhead in his Syrian homeland. His wife, Fatin Chikh Omar 14, with her brothers Muaath 6, and Zakaria 5, with their father Mohamad in their Broward Fatima, was not as fortunate. She County apartment, July 22, 2014. The Syrian family disappeared in February 2013, waiting in recently moved to South Florida to escape the violence back home. They came on a travelers visa and are looking line to get food for her family. for a way to stay here. “I feel safe with the kids because we are no longer living the terror and hearing the scary sounds from the war,” said Chikh Omar, 37, sitting on a futon in a bare-walled apartment in Lauderhill, a temporary home courtesy of the local Syrian community. “But at the same time my thoughts are with their mom, still back there and not knowing what happened to her.’’ Chikh Omar’s story illustrates not only the severity of day-to-day-life in Syria, which the United Nations calls the modern world’s biggest humanitarian crisis with an estimated 9 million displaced people and more than 170,000 people killed since the conflict began in 2011, but the impact the Syrian civil war is having on communities across the globe. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE the Arab Spring Abroad
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Arab Spring Abroad: Mobilization among Syrian, Libyan, and Yemeni Diasporas in the U.S. and Great Britain DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Sociology by Dana M. Moss Dissertation Committee: Distinguished Professor David A. Snow, Chair Chancellor’s Professor Charles Ragin Professor Judith Stepan-Norris Professor David S. Meyer Associate Professor Yang Su 2016 © 2016 Dana M. Moss DEDICATION To my husband William Picard, an exceptional partner and a true activist; and to my wonderfully supportive and loving parents, Nancy Watts and John Moss. Thank you for everything, always. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ACRONYMS iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CURRICULUM VITAE viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xiv INTRODUCTION 1 PART I: THE DYNAMICS OF DIASPORA MOVEMENT EMERGENCE CHAPTER 1: Diaspora Activism before the Arab Spring 30 CHAPTER 2: The Resurgence and Emergence of Transnational Diaspora Mobilization during the Arab Spring 70 PART II: THE ROLES OF THE DIASPORAS IN THE REVOLUTIONS 126 CHAPTER 3: The Libyan Case 132 CHAPTER 4: The Syrian Case 169 CHAPTER 5: The Yemeni Case 219 PART III: SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF THE ARAB SPRING CHAPTER 6: The Effects of Episodic Transnational Mobilization on Diaspora Politics 247 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion and Implications 270 REFERENCES 283 ENDNOTES 292 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS FSA Free Syria Army ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham, or Daesh NFSL National Front for the Salvation -
Panorama Geopolítico De Los Conflictos 2013,Aborda Cator- Ce De Ellos
Panorama geopolítico de los Instituto Español conflictos 2013 de Estudios Estratégicos MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Panorama geopolítico de los Instituto Español conflictos 2013 de Estudios Estratégicos MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es/ Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA www.bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es © Autor y editor, 2013 NIPO: 083-13-223-2 (edición papel) NIPO: 083-13-222-7 (edición libro-e) ISBN: 978-84-9781-882-7 (edición papel) ISBN: 978-84-9781-883-4 (edición libro-e) Depósito Legal: M-28185-2013 Imprime: Imprenta Ministerio de Defensa Fecha de edición: enero 2014 Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad del autor de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser reproducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cualquier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. En esta edición se ha utilizado papel 100% reciclado libre de cloro. ÍNDICE Capítulo primero La evolución de los conflictos .......................................................................... 9 Introducción ................................................................................................................ 11 Los paradigmas sociopolíticos y los conflictos ................................................... 11 La evolución de -
February 2019 Fig
HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN February 2019 Fig. AIDoctors providing physiotherapy services Turkey Cross Border Fig. AIDoctors providing Physical Therapy sessions. Emergency type: complex emergency Reporting period: 01.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 13.2 MILLION* 2.9 MILLION* 3.58 MILLION 3** ATTACKS PEOPLE IN NEED OF HEALTH PIN IN SYRIAN REFUGGES AGAINST HEALTH CARE HEALTH ASSISTANCE NWS HRP2019 IN TURKEY (**JAN-FEB 2019) (A* figures are for the Whole of Syria HRP 2019 (All figures are for the Whole of Syria) HIGHLIGHTS GAZIANTEP HEALTH CLUSTER The funds suspension from the governments of 116 HEALTH CLUSTER MEMBERS Germany and France in humanitarian activities in MEDICINES DELIVERED1 the health sector was lifted for some NGOs and TREATMENT COURSES FOR COMMON 460,000 the programs with humanitarian activities will DISEASES resume. Although suspension was lifted, the FUNCTIONAL HEALTH FACILITIES HERAMS NGOs must adhere to several additional FUNCTIONING FIXED PRIMARY HEALTH measures to allow full resumption of the 173 CARE FACILITIES humanitarian activities. 85 FUNCTIONING HOSPITALS The Azaz Mental Health Asylum Hospital will stop 80 MOBILE CLINICS operating end of February 2019. The hospital, HEALTH SERVICES2 supported by PAC, is currently funded by King 905,502 CONSULTATIONS Salman Foundation. The mental health patients 9,320 DELIVERIES ASSISTED BY A SKILLED of this hospital should be transported to Aleppo ATTENDANT or Damascus City. An Exit Strategy/Transfer plan 8,489 REFERRALS is not clear yet but been develop. 977,744 MEDICAL PROCEDURES th On 26 February, local sources reported that the 37,310 TRAUMA CASES SUPPORTED SSG issued a new circular that all the NGOs 2,387 NEW CONFLICT RELATED TRAUMA CASES vehicles and ambulances must get a mission VACCINATION order from the SSG to be able to cross from Idleb 8,264 CHILDREN AGED ˂5 VACCINATED3 to Afrin and Northern Aleppo. -
Has the Syrian War Entered a New Phase?
Analysis Report 50/2013 25th September 2013 Mario Laborie Iglesias HAS THE SYRIAN WAR ENTERED A NEW Visit our Sign up for our Newsletter PHASE? website This document has been translated by a Translation and Interpreting Degree student doing work experience, IGNACIO CUEVAS MARTÍNEZ, under the auspices of the Collaboration Agreement between the Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, and the Spanish Institute of Strategic Studies. HAS THE SYRIAN WAR ENTERED A NEW PHASE? Abstract: The present document offers a brief revision of the different phases of the Syrian civil war; it analyzes the possible consequences that the August 21 chemical incident in Damascus may have with a view to the future of the war; and it considers the options for his ending. Keywords: Syria, civil war, chemical weapons, Assad, political opposition Analysis report 50/2013 1 HAS THE SYRIAN WAR ENTERED A NEW PHASE? Mario Laborie Iglesias ANALYSIS The fact that the Syrian regime has agreed to destroy its chemical weapons, as a way to prevent a punitive attack by the Western powers led by the U.S., has been greeted with relief by the foreign offices all over the world1. On September 21, according to the deadlines set by the Russia- U.S. agreement signed in Geneva, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) received the initial declaration of the chemical weapons that Syria has in possession2. On August 21, the most remarkable chemical weapons incident of the war took place3. That day a rocket attack, equipped with a chemical agent (sarin gas), killed 1,429 people in a Damascus suburb4, according to the U.S. -
Exploring Private Refugee Sponsorship Option(S) for the United States
Exploring Private Refugee Sponsorship Option(s) for the United States The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37799753 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Exploring Private Refugee Sponsorship Option(s) for the United States Shahana Bhaduri A Thesis in the Field of International Relations for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University March 2018 i Abstract The research goal of this thesis is to identify areas where the current United States government funded refugee sponsorship program can be augmented by private refugee sponsorships. The idea is not to replace government funded refugee sponsorship program, it is simply to augment it so that the collaborative resources can be leveraged to help more refugees given an average of 24 people were being forced to flee a minute worldwide as recently as 2015. United States and Canada have many similarities. Canada has a private sponsorship model that it augments with its government sponsorship model. If this approach has been working in Canada since the 1970s, it is also worth considering in the United States. One out of 100 humans are now displaced from their homes per a Pew Research Center publication as of October 2016. If all of these individuals created a country, it would be the world’s 24th biggest country. -
Aleppo and the State of the Syrian War
Rigged Cars and Barrel Bombs: Aleppo and the State of the Syrian War Middle East Report N°155 | 9 September 2014 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Pivotal Autumn of 2013 ............................................................................................. 2 A. The Strike that Wasn’t ............................................................................................... 2 B. The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant: from “al-Dowla” to “Daesh” .................... 4 C. The Regime Clears the Way with Barrel Bombs ........................................................ 7 III. Between Hammer and Anvil ............................................................................................ 10 A. The War Against Daesh ............................................................................................. 10 B. The Regime Takes Advantage .................................................................................... 12 C. The Islamic State Bides Its Time ............................................................................... 15 IV. A Shifting Rebel Spectrum, on the Verge of Defeat ........................................................ -
September 18, 2015 President Barack Obama 1600 Pennsylvania
September 18, 2015 President Barack Obama 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Obama: We, the undersigned organizations, write to you today with urgent recommendations for how the United States should respond to the spiraling refugee crisis in the Middle East that is now overflowing to Europe and beyond. Our recommendations are as follows: 1. In light of the continuing escalation of the dire refugee crises in the Middle East, contributing to the largest number of refugees since World War II, we urge the United States to increase the number of refugees that we resettle to 200,000 for FY 16, with 100,000 of them being Syrian. This would not be the first time that the United States proudly carries out our historic tradition of welcoming refugees in large numbers. After the end of the wars in Southeast Asia, the United States resettled 111,000 Vietnamese refugees in 1979 and then essentially doubled that number to 207,000 in 1980. The United States’ rising to the occasion now would both encourage European nations to live up to their refugee protection obligations, and help to prevent further deterioration in the protection climate in the countries bordering on Syria that are currently hosting millions of Syrian refugees. 2. We believe that the vast majority of European countries have the capacity to welcome and provide protection for the refugees who are now risking their lives to find safety in Europe. However, the United States must show solidarity with its close allies in Europe and resettle a small number of refugees from Europe, including U.S. -
Page 01 March 26.Indd
ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED NEWSPAPER Tuesday 26 March 2013 14 Jumada I 1434 - Volume 18 Number 5650 Price: QR2 Cyprus bags Fulton smashes €10bn second deal century Business | 19 Sport | 28 www.thepeninsulaqatar.com [email protected] | [email protected] Editorial: 4455 7741 | Advertising: 4455 7837 / 4455 7780 Restrictions on fishing in April and May DOHA: The Fisheries Department is putting curbs on fishing during the breeding season that lasts from April to May, but officials have allayed fears of shortages which might lead to a price rise. Fishing boats and trawlers will need written permission from the Fisheries Department of the Ministry of Environment to ven- ture on fishing expeditions dur- ing the breeding period. The idea is to help protect fish reserves in the Qatari waters by introducing curbs on fishing. A boat or trawler The Emir H H Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani receiving Arab leaders at the Doha International Airport yesterday. From left: Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al Bashir, Omani Deputy Prime will not be allowed to go fishing Minister for Cabinet Affairs Fahd bin Mahmoud Al Said and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. more than thrice a month in April and May. Moreover, every trip by a boat or trawler, or stay in the waters, should not exceed four days, local Arabic daily Al Raya reported yesterday quoting head Summit may call for Syria ceasefire of the Fisheries Department, Mohamed Saeed Al Mohannadi. Al Mohannadi said that April and May are the breeding time for Arab leaders start two-day conclave in Doha today; Syria’s Alkhatib to address meeting Al Shafi and Hamour fish (both of which are in demand in the coun- DOHA: Arab leaders are set meet here on Sunday to set the The League instead provided opposition.