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Activism Diaspora, 157 Environmental Justice, 249–252 Institutional, 27

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Activism Diaspora, 157 Environmental Justice, 249–252 Institutional, 27 INDEX Activism Antiequality conservative ideology, diaspora, 157 142 environmental justice, 249–252 Antiextremism advocacy and institutional, 27 outreach, 164–165 online, 227–229 Antiinequality frame political, 75–76 amplification, legitimization, and youth, 217–221 cooptation of, 11–13 Activist(s) legitimation and “discursive careers, 238–239, 245–246 resources”,12–13 hierarchy to movements, 243 Antiinequality messaging, democratic recruitment and participation, party adoption of, 14–16 243 Antisystemic socialization, 248 Affordable Care Act (ACA). Arab Spring See Patient Protection and diaspora mobilization for, 161–165 Affordable Care Act (2010) revolutionary, 159 African National Congress, 242 Yemeni mobilization in response Age, 216 to, 165–168 age-based expectations, 217–221 Arab-Muslim majority, 156 as deterrent for action, 222–225 Arizona Education Association legal age for political participation, (AEA), 202 224–225 Arizona Educators United (AEU), Agenda, 6, 16 204, 206, 208 policy plank on, 5–6 Assertive action, 69–70 transnational, 247 Attitude, 49–51 on tuition policies, 71 change and polarization over time, AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power 55–57 (ACT UP), 140 Al Qaeda, 156 Basic pension scheme, 62 Al-Nusra, 156 Benevolent coercion, 102 Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss Bernie Sanders campaign, 17–18 (AStA), 75 Biographical barriers, 187 American Federation of Teachers Biological reproduction, 117 (AFT), 209 Bipartite strategy, 34 American public policy, 6 Bismarckian-type transfer programs, Amplification of antiinequality frame, 53 11–13 Black LGBTQ people Antiausterity demonstrators, 184, 190 limited representation, 145–147 Antiauthoritarian Filipino activism, in United States, 143 158–159 Black MSM, 139 263 264 INDEX inequality and lived experience of investor-owned utilities’ policy Black MSM with HIV, preferences, 32–33 136–137 state policymakers as “institutional Black Panther Party, 71–72 activists”,33–34 Black Reconstruction, 136 Co-pollutants, 30–31, 36 British Petroleum (BP), 29–30 Coalition politics, 24 Coalition power, 29 California Air Resources Board Coalition-building, 250 (CARB), 30–31 Coalitions include non-movement California climate policymaking, actors, 36–37 27–28 Coefficient of variation (CV), 52 California’s climate law, 25 Coercive rehabilitation, 93–94 California’s San Joaquin Valley, Coercive turn of neoliberalism, Rural Latinx women in, 116–117 122–124 Cold War, 157 Cap-and-trade program, 24, 31, 35 Collective action, 69, 71 Carceral family work, 127–130 frames, 10 types of, 128–130 student-led collective action, 72 Caught in Act of Protest Study, 179 Collective identity, 185 CCC study, 179, 181–182 College students, 227–229 Center for American Progress (CAP), Combat authoritarianism, 156 20 “Command-and-control” regulations, Center-right Christian Democrats 24 (CDU), 74–75 Communities of fate, 205 Centers for Disease Control and Community standards, 196 Prevention (CDC), 139 Comparative method, 70 Child Tax Credit (CTC), 97–98 Comparative research, 92 CHP, 76 Comparative welfare state literature, Climate change policy in United 50 States, 24 Computational method, 70, 77 climate policymaking in Califor- Continued partisan politicization, nia, 29–34 16–18 data and methods, 34–35 Control variables, 52 social movement and interest Cooptation of antiinequality frame, group theory, 26–29 11–13 state policymakers as “institutional Cost–benefit analysis, 205 activists”,33–34 Countermovements, 26–27 understanding limited influence of Court-based diversion programs, justice-oriented movement, 101–102 35–39 COVID-19 epidemic, 137 Climate policymaking in California, Creative disappointment theory, 29–34 242–256 “green business” and policy Crime, 92 preferences, 32 Criminal legal developments, 93 Index 265 Criminal legal supervision, 101–103 Syrian associations combat Crises of social reproduction, discrimination abroad, 115–116 162–164 carceral familywork among women Diffusion of antiinequality frame, 12 of color in Southern Disability Insurance, 96 California, 127–130 Disadvantaged unincorporated caring for families in communities (DUCs), 122 unincorporated Discursive eruption, 8, 11–12 communities, 124–127 Discursive opportunity structure, 12 Latinas confronting family Discursive resources, legitimation planning cutbacks in Texas’ and, 12–13 Rio Grande Valley, Disruptive action, 69–70 118–119 Domestic mobilization, 158–159 policy impacts and hardships, Drug courts, 104–105 120–122 unincorporated lives, 122–124 Early American Literature, 145 Cultures of inequality, 118 Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), 97–98 Deficit-based criticism, 218 Ecologies of knowledge, 248–249 Democracy, 238 Economic efficiency, 196 embodiments, 238 Economic inequality, 196 history, 257 rebirth as political issue, 6 scholarship, 238 Economic Issues and Policies, 20 students, 244 Economic news, 71 Democrat from Illinois, 163 Education and Science Workers Democratic disappointments, 246, Union, 75 249, 252, 256 Education reformers, 198 Democratic movement, 242 Emotions, 243 Democratic Party, 4 Engaged skeptics, 219 adoption of antiinequality Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), messaging, 14–16 26–27, 29–30 platform, 4 Environmental justice activism, Democratic themes, 243 249–252 Demonization of Black, 92 Environmental Justice Advisory Detention, 101 Committee (EJAC), 36 Diaspora, 156 Environmental Protection Agency, 124 activism, 157 Equality, 48 antiextremism advocacy and of membership, 137 outreach, 164–165 of opportunity, 137 case selection, data, and analytical of treatment, 137 procedures, 159–160 Ethnic Studies, 145 diaspora mobilization for Arab European Union (EU), 218 Spring, 161–165 Exploratory study, 200 mobilization, 157–159 Extremist nonstate actors, 156 266 INDEX Face discriminatory governments, 156 Globalization, 181–182 Facebook, 181 GOP, 143–145 Fairness, 48 Green business, 24–25, 28 Family transformations, 50 and policy preferences, 32 Federalist Society website, 218–219 Greenhouse gas (GHG), 24 Fee-for-service Group-based racism, 144 arrangements, 99–100 Gun control vs. gun rights move- models, 102–103 ments, 26 Financial/economic crisis, 178 Financialization of public higher Hardships education, 68 challenges and, 124–127 France policy impacts and, 120–122 recalibration in, 54–55 Health disparities, 138 social policy reforms in, 53–55 High school students, 222–225 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Higher education council (HEC), 82 (FAZ), 76 Higher education tuition policy Tuition Debates in, 78, 81–82 data, 76–77 Free haven, 184–185 Germany, 74–75 Free higher education, 73 methodology, 77–78 “Free market” policies, 116–117 opportunities and constraints, Free spaces, 184–185 70–73 Free Women, 242 results, 78–84 Freedom Is an Endless Meeting Student Protests in Hurriyet¨ ,82–84 (Polletta), 240 Tuition Debates in FAZ, 78–82 Functionalist theories, 48–49 tuition hikes come knocking, 73–76 Turkey, 75–76 Gender inequalities, 20 HIV/AIDS, 138 Gendered caring labor, 129–130 inequality and lived experience of Gendered geographies of struggle, Black MSM with, 136–137 247–248 Housing Choice Voucher program General Assemblies, 185 (HCV), 98 General Economic Inequality, 4–5 Human services, 96 German Socialist Party, 243 Hurriyet¨ in Turkey, 76 German Trade Union Confederation Student Protests in Hurriyet¨ , 82, (DGB), 75 84–85 German welfare state recalibration, 51 Hybrid citizens, 248 Germany “Hyper-reactionary” policies, higher education tuition policy in, 116–117 74–75 recalibration in, 53–54 Immigrant, 156 social policy reforms in, 53–55 case selection, data, and analytical Global economic crisis, 181–182 procedures, 159–160 Global feminist sisterhood, 248 mobilization, 157–159 Global financial crisis, 178 Inadequate policies, 138 Index 267 Income inequality, 5–6, 8, 15–16 Institutional isomorphism, 245 Indignados movement, 177–178, Institutional left, 6, 11, 18 189–190, 253 Institutional politics, 18 Individual partner selections, 144 Institutionalization, 16–18 Individual-level virtual network, Interest group theory, social 181–182 movement and, 26–29 Inequality. See also Equality, 137, 196 Internalization, consequences of, amplification, legitimization, and 219–221 cooptation of anti- International Social Survey Program inequality frame, 11–13 (ISSP), 51–52 of black MSM with HIV, 136–137 quantitative analyses of, 60 collecting data and sampling Internationalization of Tawakkol participants, 182–184 Karman, 165–168 comparing occupiers and InterOccupy, 254 antiausterity demonstra- Investor-owned utilities (IOUs), 24, tors, 184, 190 32 continued partisan politicization policy preferences, 32–33 and institutionalization, ISIS, 156 16–18 Islamophobic state policies, 156 democratic party adoption of Issue attention cycle, 8 antiinequality messaging, 14–16 Jemez Principles for Democratic discursive eruption, 8–11 Organizing, 250 enduring impacts of occupy Journalists perceive social movement movement, 8 actors, 69 general economic, 4–5 Justice-oriented environmental methods, 182–184 movement in California, mobilization dynamics, 184–186 30 motivational dynamics, 188–190 Justice-oriented SMOs, 24, 26, 28, 30 occupy movement, 179, 182, coalitions include non-movement 190–191 actors, 36–37 rebirth of economic inequality as resources, tactics, and “legal political issue, 6 discursive opportunity sampling demonstrations, 182 structure”, 37, 39–40 social movements and political understanding limited influence of, parties, 7 35–39 sociodemographics, 187–188 sustained attention and Keynesianism, 92 politicization, 13–14 threat of climate
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