Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Central Eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED BULBULLA IAIP AND SHASHEMEME RTC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CENTRAL EASTERN OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA JuneOctober2020 2018 Report produced by: Engineer Tequam Water Resources Development and Environment Consultancy (ETWRDEC) 2nd Floor, Lex Plaza Building, Haile Gebre Sellassie Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia In collaboration with WSP/UNOPS On behalf of: UNIDO and Oromia Industrial Parks Development Corporation, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Preamble This ESIA report was an Initial document prepared in July 2018 for the Yirgalem IAIP and Dilla RTC to fulfill the National EIA requirements and AfDB ESS. The present ESIA report was submitted to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in early 2018 for review and approval, following which it was approved by the stated National competent authority and has been issued with environmental clearance certificate to precede in late 2018. The review and approval process carried by the competent authority involved public disclosure and information dissemination of the ESIA findings contained in the document befor issuance of the environmental clearance. Valuable comments were also provided by the competent authority to be considered during the project implementation phases. The present review and update process of the ESIA carried during October 2020 was initiated to integrate the proposed project activities to be supported by the GCF funds. Efforts were also made to update the ESIA by addressing aspects that occurred in the IAIP and RTC during the past two years of implementation. The ESIA and RAP reports of IAIP and RTC have been prepared comprehensively covering the development of all infrastructure components and operational activities that will take place during the construction and operation phases of the IAIP and RTC project. As a result all other ESS requirements are adequately captured in the relevant sections of the ESIA. ESIA REPORT Proposed Bulbulla IAIP and Shashemene RTC, Oromia Central Eastern Oromia Region Page i ESIA REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED BULBULLA IAIP AND SHASHEMENE RTC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CENTRAL EASTERN OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA Oromia Region IPDC TYPE OF DOCUMENT (FINAL) Reviewed and updated by: Zereu Girmay Environment Consultancy October 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. TABLE OF 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1-1 CONTETS 1.1 Background to the Project ................................ 1-1 1.2 Land Tenure and Land Use ............................... 1-4 1.3 Purpose of this report (ESIA Report) ............... 1-5 1.4 Structure of this Report .................................... 1-5 1.5 Details of the ESIA Project Team ..................... 1-8 1.6 Details of the Applicant and Environmental Assessment Practitioner ................................... 1-9 1.7 Assumptions and Limitations ........................ 1-10 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................... 2-11 2.1 Bulbulla IAIP .................................................... 2-11 2.2 Shashemene RTC ............................................ 2-18 2.3 Phases of the proposed Project ..................... 2-24 2.4 3 Project Status .................................................. 2-26 4 NEED AND DESIRABILITY................... 3-29 4.1 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................. 4-31 4.2 Introduction...................................................... 4-31 4.3 Consideration of Alternatives ......................... 4-31 5 Comparison of Alternatives ............................ 4-33 5.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................... 5-36 5.2 Institutional Framework .................................. 5-36 5.3 Policy and Legal Framework in Ethiopia ....... 5-37 Specific Legal Framework for Industrial Parks in 5.4 Ethiopia ............................................................ 5-40 5.5 National Strategies and Plans ........................ 5-41 5.6 National Standards, Directives and Guidelines .. 542 Regional Plans ............................................... 5-42 ESIA REPORT Proposed Bulbulla IAIP and Shashemene RTC, Oromia Central Eastern Oromia Region Page iii 5.7 International Conventions, Protocols and Agreements ............................................................. 5-42 5.8 International Guidelines and Standards ......... 5-43 6 THE ESIA PROCESS ........................... 6-46 6.1 Scoping Phase ................................................. 6-46 6.2 Impacts Assessment Phase ............................ 6-47 7 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ......... 7-54 7.1 Approach to stakeholder engagement ........... 7-54 7.2 Project Stakeholders ....................................... 7-64 7.3 Feedback Mechanism ...................................... 7-64 8 THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ....... 8-65 8.1 Introduction...................................................... 8-65 8.2 Climate ............................................................. 8-66 8.3 Topography and Geomorphology ................... 8-68 8.4 Geology ............................................................ 8-70 8.5 Geological Hazard – Seismicity ...................... 8-72 8.6 Soils ................................................................. 8-73 8.7 Surface Water Hydrology ................................ 8-82 8.8 Hydrogeology .................................................. 8-84 8.9 Wetlands .......................................................... 8-88 8.10 Air Quality ........................................................ 8-88 8.11 Noise ................................................................ 8-91 8.12 Transport / Access........................................... 8-94 8.13 Visual................................................................ 8-96 8.14 Waste................................................................ 8-98 8.15 Biodiversity .................................................... 8-101 8.16 Socio-Economic Environment ...................... 8-107 8.17 Cultural Heritage ............................................ 8-117 9 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................ 9-118 9.1 Soils ............................................................... 9-118 9.2 Surface water (Hydrology)............................. 9-122 9.3 Groundwater (Geohydrology) ....................... 9-123 9.4 Wetlands ........................................................ 9-124 9.5 Air Quality ...................................................... 9-125 9.6 Climate Change.............................................. 9-126 9.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions .......................... 9-127 9.8 Noise .............................................................. 9-128 9.9 Transport and Access ................................... 9-130 9.10 Waste Management ....................................... 9-132 9.11 Visual.............................................................. 9-133 9.12 Biodiversity .................................................... 9-134 9.13 Socio-Economic impacts............................... 9-136 9.14 Cultural Heritage Impacts .............................. 9-147 10 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS .................. 10-148 10.1 Soils ............................................................. 10-148 10.2 Surface Water .............................................. 10-149 10.3 Groundwater ................................................ 10-150 10.4 Wetlands ...................................................... 10-151 10.5 Air Quality .................................................... 10-151 10.6 Noise ............................................................ 10-151 10.7 Transport and Access ................................. 10-152 10.8 Waste Management ..................................... 10-152 10.9 Biodiversity .................................................. 10-153 10.10 Socio-economic ........................................... 10-154 10.11 Cultural Heritage .......................................... 10-155 10.12 Cumulative Impacts Summary .................... 10-155 11 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ESIA REPORT Proposed Bulbulla IAIP and Shashemene RTC, Oromia July 2018 Central Eastern Oromia Region Page v MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ....... 11-158 11.1 Introduction and Objectives ........................ 11-158 11.2 Summary of Impacts .................................... 11-159 11.3 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures...... 11-162 11.4 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programme .................................................. 11-180 11.5 Public consultation and dissemination of information ................................................... 11-195 11.6 Organisations and Institutions Responsible for Implementation of the ESMP ....................... 11-195 11.7 Reporting and Reviewing ............................ 11-197 11.8 Project Feedback Adjustment ..................... 11-198 11.9 Contingency PlanS ...................................... 11-199 11.10 Project Grievance and Redress Mechanism ..... 11199 11.11 Training and Capacity Building ................... 11-201 11.12 Annexures .................................................... 11-204 12 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................... 12-208 ESIA REPORT Proposed Bulbulla IAIP and Shashemene RTC, Oromia July 2018 Central Eastern Oromia Region Page vi TABLES TABLE 1-1: ACPZS SELECTED AND ASSOCIATED PILOTING FACILITIES. .............1-3 TABLE 1-2: REGIONAL DATA - LAND USE AND LAND COVER TYPE ............,,,,,,.....1-4 TABLE 1-3: STRUCTURE OF THE ESIA REPORT ………………………………………. 1-5 TABLE 1-4: