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Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action International Journal of Molecular Sciences Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action Edited by Farzad Pakdel Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action Special Issue Editor Farzad Pakdel MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Farzad Pakdel University of Rennes France Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) from 2017 to 2018 (available at: https: //www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special issues/estrogen) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-296-9 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-297-6 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is c 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Farzad Pakdel Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2591, doi: 10.3390/ijms19092591 .............. 1 Fran¸coisLe Dily and Miguel Beato Signaling by Steroid Hormones in the 3D Nuclear Space Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 306, doi: 10.3390/ijms19020306 .............. 4 Jun Yang, Adrian L. Harris and Andrew M. Davidoff Hypoxia and Hormone-Mediated Pathways Converge at the Histone Demethylase KDM4B in Cancer Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 240, doi: 10.3390/ijms19010240 .............. 20 Kenji Saito and Huxing Cui Emerging Roles of Estrogen-Related Receptors in the Brain: Potential Interactions with Estrogen Signaling Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1091, doi: 10.3390/ijms19041091 .............. 31 Li-Han Hsu, Nei-Min Chu and Shu-Huei Kao Estrogen, Estrogen Receptor and Lung Cancer Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1713, doi: 10.3390/ijms18081713 .............. 49 Guy Leclercq Natural Anti-Estrogen Receptor Alpha Antibodies Able to Induce Estrogenic Responses in Breast Cancer Cells: Hypotheses Concerning Their Mechanisms of Action and Emergence Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 411, doi: 10.3390/ijms19020411 .............. 66 Natalie J Rothenberger, Ashwin Somasundaram and Laura P. Stabile The Role of the Estrogen Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 611, doi: 10.3390/ijms19020611 .............. 79 Chao Rong, Etienne´ Fasolt Richard Corvin Meinert and Jochen Hess Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Radiotherapy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Studies Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 713, doi: 10.3390/ijms19030713 .............. 95 Annalisa Trenti, Serena Tedesco, Carlotta Boscaro, Lucia Trevisi, Chiara Bolego and Andrea Cignarella Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 859, doi: 10.3390/ijms19030859 ..............111 Daniel P´erez-Cremades, Ana Mompe´on,Xavier Vidal-G´omez,Carlos Hermenegildo and Susana Novella miRNA as a New Regulatory Mechanism of Estrogen Vascular Action Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 473, doi: 10.3390/ijms19020473 ..............127 Agnieszka Wnuk and Małgorzata Kajta Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Signalling in Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Nervous System Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2394, doi: 10.3390/ijms18112394 ..............142 v Sylvain Lecomte, Florence Demay, Fran¸coisFerri`ereand Farzad Pakdel Phytochemicals Targeting Estrogen Receptors: Beneficial Rather Than Adverse Effects? Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1381, doi: 10.3390/ijms18071381 ..............168 Jaime Matta, Carmen Ortiz, Jarline Encarnaci´on,Julie Dutil and Erick Su´arez Variability in DNA Repair Capacity Levels among Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes: Triple Negative Breast Cancer Shows Lowest Repair Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1505, doi: 10.3390/ijms18071505 ..............187 Rita Cardoso, Pedro C. Lacerda, Paulo P. Costa, Ana Machado, Andr´e Carvalho, Adriano Bordalo, Ruben Fernandes, Raquel Soares, Joachim Richter, Helena Alves and Monica C. Botelho Estrogen Metabolism-Associated CYP2D6 and IL6-174G/C Polymorphisms in Schistosoma haematobium Infection Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2560, doi: 10.3390/ijms18122560 ..............198 Wiesława Kranc, Maciej Brazert, Katarzyna Ozegowska,˙ Mariusz J. Nawrocki, Joanna Budna, Piotr Celichowski, Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwi ´nska, Maurycy Jankowski, Michal Jeseta, Leszek Pawelczyk, Małgorzata Bruska, Michał Nowicki, Maciej Zabel and Bartosz Kempisty Expression Profile of Genes Regulating Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells—A Primary Culture Approach Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2673, doi: 10.3390/ijms18122673 ..............208 Nathan D. d’Adesky, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari, Pallab Bhattacharya, Marc Schatz, Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon, Helen M. Bramlett and Ami P. Raval Nicotine Alters Estrogen Receptor-Beta-Regulated Inflammasome Activity and Exacerbates Ischemic Brain Damage in Female Rats Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1330, doi: 10.3390/ijms19051330 ..............222 Ayako Casanova-Nakayama, Elena Wernicke von Siebenthal, Christian Kropf, Elisabeth Oldenberg and Helmut Segner Immune-Specific Expression and Estrogenic Regulation of the Four Estrogen Receptor Isoforms in Female Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 932, doi: 10.3390/ijms19040932 ..............233 Gra¸ca Alexandre-Pires, Catarina Martins, Ant´onio M. Galv˜ao, Margarida Miranda, Olga Silva, D´ario Ligeiro, Telmo Nunes and Gra¸ca Ferreira-Dias Understanding the Inguinal Sinus in Sheep (Ovis aries)—Morphology, Secretion, and Expression of Progesterone, Estrogens, and Prolactin Receptors Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1516, doi: 10.3390/ijms18071516 ..............251 Nathalie Hinfray, Cleo Tebby, Benjamin Piccini, Gaelle Bourgine, S´elim A¨ıt-A¨ıssa, Jean-Marc Porcher, Farzad Pakdel and Fran¸coisBrion Mixture Concentration-Response Modeling Reveals Antagonistic Effects of Estradiol and Genistein in Combination on Brain Aromatase Gene (cyp19a1b) in Zebrafish Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1047, doi: 10.3390/ijms19041047 ..............271 H´el`eneSerra, Fran¸coisBrion, Jean-Marc Porcher, H´el`eneBudzinski and Selim A¨ıt-A¨ıssa Triclosan Lacks (Anti-)Estrogenic Effects in Zebrafish Cells but Modulates Estrogen Response in Zebrafish Embryos Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1175, doi: 10.3390/ijms19041175 ..............285 vi About the Special Issue Editor Farzad Pakdel obtained his Ph.D. in 1989 in molecular biology from the University of Rennes in France. He carried out his postdoctoral work in the United States at the University of Illinois (1989–1992). He is currently director of research at the CNRS at IRSET, research institute on health, environment, and occupational environment, UMR 1085 Inserm, at the University of Rennes in France. His work focuses on the molecular pathways of estrogen receptor action, in gene transcription, in breast cancer, and during development. Dr. Pakdel is also interested in understanding the transcriptional and epigenetic effects of endocrine disruptors and phytochemicals interacting with estrogen receptors. In addition, his lab has an interest in understanding signaling crosstalk and the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer progression. It was among the first labs that developed in vivo and in vitro bioassays to screen the hormonal activity and mechanisms of actions of environmental chemicals. vii International Journal of Molecular Sciences Editorial Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action Farzad Pakdel Research Institute in Health, Environment and Occupation (Irset), Inserm U1085, Transcription, Environment and Cancer Group, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; [email protected] Received: 17 July 2018; Accepted: 30 August 2018; Published: 31 August 2018 The estrogen receptors (ERs) are typical members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that includes the receptors that mediate the effects of steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, retinoid and vitamin D, as well as numerous orphan receptors. ERs, as other steroid receptors, mainly function as ligand-inducible transcription factors which bind chromatin, as homodimers, at specific response elements. It should also be noted that a tight reciprocal coupling between rapid ‘non-genomic’ and ‘genomic’ biological responses to estrogen occurs in many physiological processes. ERs have long been evaluated for their roles in controlling the expression of genes involved in vital cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Given the various and pleiotropic functions of ERs, the dysregulation
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