DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytoalexins: Current Progress and Future Prospects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytoalexins: Current Progress and Future Prospects Phytoalexins: Current Progress and Future Prospects Edited by Philippe Jeandet Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Molecules www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Philippe Jeandet (Ed.) Phytoalexins: Current Progress and Future Prospects This book is a reprint of the special issue that appeared in the online open access journal Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049) in 2014 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules/special_issues/phytoalexins-progress). Guest Editor Philippe Jeandet Laboratory of Stress, Defenses and Plant Reproduction U.R.V.V.C., UPRES EA 4707, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims, PO Box. 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France Editorial Office MDPI AG Klybeckstrasse 64 Basel, Switzerland Publisher Shu-Kun Lin Managing Editor Ran Dang 1. Edition 2015 MDPI • Basel • Beijing ISBN 978-3-03842-059-0 © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. All articles in this volume are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, the dissemination and distribution of copies of this book as a whole is restricted to MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. III Table of Contents About the Editor ............................................................................................................... VII List of Contributors ......................................................................................................... VIII Editorial - Philippe Jeandet Phytoalexins: Current Progress and Future Prospects Reprinted from: Molecules 2015, 20, 2770-2774 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/2/2770 .......................................................................... 1 Philippe Jeandet, Claire Hébrard, Marie-Alice Deville, Sylvain Cordelier, Stéphan Dorey, Aziz Aziz and Jérôme Crouzet Deciphering the Role of Phytoalexins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions and Human Health Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 18033–18056 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/11/18033 ...................................................................... 6 Alana Poloni and Jan Schirawski Red Card for Pathogens: Phytoalexins in Sorghum and Maize Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 9114–9133 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/7/9114 ........................................................................ 30 Yinning Chen, Tao Yan, Chenghai Gao, Wenhao Cao and Riming Huang Natural Products from the Genus Tephrosia Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 1432–1458 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/2/1432 ........................................................................ 50 Magda Formela, Sławomir Samardakiewicz, Łukasz Marczak, Witold Nowak, Dorota Narożna, Waldemar Bednarski, Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki and Iwona Morkunas Effects of Endogenous Signals and Fusarium oxysporum on the Mechanism Regulating Genistein Synthesis and Accumulation in Yellow Lupine and Their Impact on Plant Cell Cytoskeleton Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 13392–13421 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/9/13392 ...................................................................... 77 IV Olga V. Zernova, Anatoli V. Lygin, Michelle L. Pawlowski, Curtis B. Hill, Glen L. Hartman, Jack M. Widholm and Vera V. Lozovaya Regulation of Plant Immunity through Modulation of Phytoalexin Synthesis Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 7480–7496 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/6/7480 ...................................................................... 114 Farag Ibraheem, Iffa Gaffoor, Qixian Tan, Chi-Ren Shyu and Surinder Chopra A Sorghum MYB Transcription Factor Induces 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins and Enhances Resistance against Leaf Blights in Maize Reprinted from: Molecules 2015, 20, 2388–2404 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/2/2388 ...................................................................... 131 Lee A. Hadwiger and Kiwamu Tanaka EDTA a Novel Inducer of Pisatin, a Phytoalexin Indicator of the Non-Host Resistance in Peas Reprinted from: Molecules 2015, 20, 24–34 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/1/24 .......................................................................... 149 Simona M. Sanzani, Leonardo Schena and Antonio Ippolito Effectiveness of Phenolic Compounds against Citrus Green Mould Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 12500–12508 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/8/12500 .................................................................... 160 Morifumi Hasegawa, Ichiro Mitsuhara, Shigemi Seo, Kazunori Okada, Hisakazu Yamane, Takayoshi Iwai and Yuko Ohashi Analysis on Blast Fungus-Responsive Characters of a Flavonoid Phytoalexin Sakuranetin; Accumulation in Infected Rice Leaves, Antifungal Activity and Detoxification by Fungus Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 11404–11418 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/8/11404 .................................................................... 169 Malik Chalal, Agnès Klinguer, Abdelwahad Echairi, Philippe Meunier, Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur and Marielle Adrian Antimicrobial Activity of Resveratrol Analogues Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 7679–7688 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/6/7679 ...................................................................... 184 V Yangrae Cho, Robin A. Ohm, Rakshit Devappa, Hyang Burm Lee, Igor V. Grigoriev, Bo Yeon Kim and Jong Seog Ahn Transcriptional Responses of the Bdtf1-Deletion Mutant to the Phytoalexin Brassinin in the Necrotrophic Fungus Alternaria brassicicola Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 10717–10732 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/8/10717 .................................................................... 193 Loïc Becker, Vincent Carré, Anne Poutaraud, Didier Merdinoglu and Patrick Chaimbault MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for the Simultaneous Location of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene and Viniferins on Grapevine Leaves Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 10587–10600 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/7/10587 .................................................................... 372 Guillaume Marti, Sylvain Schnee, Yannis Andrey, Claudia Simoes-Pires, Pierre-Alain Carrupt, Jean-Luc Wolfender and Katia Gindro Study of Leaf Metabolome Modifications Induced by UV-C Radiations in Representative Vitis, Cissus and Cannabis Species by LC-MS Based Metabolomics and Antioxidant Assays Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 14004–14021 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/9/14004 .................................................................... 386 Glòria Lozano-Mena, Marta Sánchez-González, M. Emília Juan and Joana M. Planas Maslinic Acid, a Natural Phytoalexin-Type Triterpene from Olives — A Promising Nutraceutical? Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 11538–11559 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/8/11538 .................................................................... 404 Martin Kello, David Drutovic, Martina Chripkova, Martina Pilatova, Mariana Budovska, Lucia Kulikova, Peter Urdzik and Jan Mojzis ROS-Dependent Antiproliferative Effect of Brassinin Derivative Homobrassinin in Human Colorectal Cancer Caco2 Cells Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 10877–10897 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/8/10877 .................................................................... 426 VI Basil Smith, Diandra Randle, Roman Mezencev, LeeShawn Thomas, Cimona Hinton and Valerie Odero-Marah Camalexin-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells Involves Alterations of Expression and Activity of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin D Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 3988–4005 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/4/3988 ...................................................................... 447 Audrey E. McCalley, Simon Kaja, Andrew J. Payne and Peter Koulen Resveratrol and Calcium Signaling: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 7327–7340 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/6/7327 ...................................................................... 466 Malik Chalal, Dominique Delmas, Philippe Meunier, Norbert Latruffe and Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur Inhibition of Cancer Derived Cell Lines Proliferation by Synthesized Hydroxylated Stilbenes and New Ferrocenyl-Stilbene Analogs. Comparison with Resveratrol Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19, 7850–7868 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/6/7850 ...................................................................... 480 VII About the Editor Philippe Jeandet received his doctorates in plant physiology and biochemistry in 1991 and 1996 from the University of Bourgogne (France). He started his research activities on resveratrol, a phytoalexin from the Vitaceae produced in response to fungal attacks or injury. He received an associate professor position at the University of Bourgogne (1993-1997). In 1997, Philippe Jeandet accepted a position as a professor and chairman of the laboratory of oenology and applied chemistry at the University of Reims. His research activities focussed on physico-chemistry applied to wine and microbiology. He has been respectively the director (2003-2008) and adjunct director (2008-2013) of the research unit vine and wine of Champagne and adjunct to the director of research and technology in the Champagne- Ardennes area (2004-2010). He is now co-leader of a research team on resveratrol at the laboratory of stress, defences and plant reproduction and member of the council of the Georges Chappaz research institute of vine and wine of Champagne. He has published over 250 papers in referred Journals
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biologically Active Molecules from Soybeans
    10 Biologically Active Molecules from Soybeans Michio Kurosu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center USA 1. Introduction Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) contain an impressive array of biologically active components. People have been eating soybeans for almost 5,000 years. Unlike most plant foods, soybeans are high in protein. Researchers are interested in both the nutritional value and the potential health benefits of soybeans. Research of the health effects of soyfoods and soybean constituents has been received significant attention to support the health improvements or health risks observed clinically or in vitro experiments. This research includes a wide range of areas, such as cancer, coronary heart disease (cardiovascular disease), osteoporosis, cognitive function (memory related), menopausal symptoms, renal function, and many others. This chapter provides up-to-date coverage on biologically active and related organic molecules isolated from soy and soy products. Their biological activities are briefly summarized. Molecules discussed in this chapter are as follows: isoflavones, phytic acid, soy lipids, soy phytoalexins, soyasaponins, lectins, hemagglutinin, soy toxins, and vitamins. 2. Health benefit of soy or soy products Soy products have been considered as great source of protein for many decades. Japanese, in particular, eat a soy-based diet. Japanese monks eat soy products as their main protein source. They are known to live longer and have lower rates of chronic diseases. Because soybeans contain practically no starch, soybeans are an important part of a diabetic diet. Soybeans are 1) rich in protein (vide supra), calcium, and vitamins, and 2) high in mono- saturated fatty acids. In addition, soybeans contain several biologically interesting phytochemicals as minor components, which scientists are interested in understanding their biological functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Identify Multiple Downstream Targets of Paraburkholderia Phymatum Σ54 During Symbiosis with Phaseolus Vulgaris
    Research Collection Journal Article Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Identify Multiple Downstream Targets of Paraburkholderia phymatum σ54 During Symbiosis with Phaseolus vulgaris Author(s): Lardi, Martina; Liu, Yilei; Giudice, Gaetano; Ahrens, Christian H.; Zamboni, Nicola; Pessi, Gabriella Publication Date: 2018-04 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000258158 Originally published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19(4), http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19041049 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Identify Multiple Downstream Targets of Paraburkholderia phymatum σ54 During Symbiosis with Phaseolus vulgaris Martina Lardi 1, Yilei Liu 1, Gaetano Giudice 1, Christian H. Ahrens 2, Nicola Zamboni 3 and Gabriella Pessi 1,* ID 1 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (G.G.) 2 Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics & Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; [email protected] 3 Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-44-6352904 Received: 28 February 2018; Accepted: 28 March 2018; Published: 1 April 2018 Abstract: RpoN (or σ54) is the key sigma factor for the regulation of transcription of nitrogen fixation genes in diazotrophic bacteria, which include α- and β-rhizobia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pharmacologist 2 0 0 6 December
    Vol. 48 Number 4 The Pharmacologist 2 0 0 6 December 2006 YEAR IN REVIEW The Presidential Torch is passed from James E. Experimental Biology 2006 in San Francisco Barrett to Elaine Sanders-Bush ASPET Members attend the 15th World Congress in China Young Scientists at EB 2006 ASPET Awards Winners at EB 2006 Inside this Issue: ASPET Election Online EB ’07 Program Grid Neuropharmacology Division Mixer at SFN 2006 New England Chapter Meeting Summary SEPS Meeting Summary and Abstracts MAPS Meeting Summary and Abstracts Call for Late-Breaking Abstracts for EB‘07 A Publication of the American Society for 121 Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics - ASPET Volume 48 Number 4, 2006 The Pharmacologist is published and distributed by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The Editor PHARMACOLOGIST Suzie Thompson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Bryan F. Cox, Ph.D. News Ronald N. Hines, Ph.D. Terrence J. Monks, Ph.D. 2006 Year in Review page 123 COUNCIL . President Contributors for 2006 . page 124 Elaine Sanders-Bush, Ph.D. Election 2007 . President-Elect page 126 Kenneth P. Minneman, Ph.D. EB 2007 Program Grid . page 130 Past President James E. Barrett, Ph.D. Features Secretary/Treasurer Lynn Wecker, Ph.D. Secretary/Treasurer-Elect Journals . Annette E. Fleckenstein, Ph.D. page 132 Past Secretary/Treasurer Public Affairs & Government Relations . page 134 Patricia K. Sonsalla, Ph.D. Division News Councilors Bryan F. Cox, Ph.D. Division for Neuropharmacology . page 136 Ronald N. Hines, Ph.D. Centennial Update . Terrence J. Monks, Ph.D. page 137 Chair, Board of Publications Trustees Members in the News .
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Red Clover and Soy Isoflavones in Parkinson’S Disease Models
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.391268; this version posted July 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson’s disease models Aurélie de Rus Jacquet1,2*, Abeje Ambaw3,4, Mitali Arun Tambe1,5, Sin Ying Ma1, Michael Timmers6,7, Mary H. Grace6, Qing-Li Wu8, James E. Simon8, George P. McCabe9, Mary Ann Lila6, Riyi Shi3,10,11, Jean-Christophe Rochet1,11*. 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA 2Present affiliations: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada, and Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada 3Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA 4Present affiliation: Physiology Department, Monterey Peninsula College, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA. 5Present affiliation: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 6Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA 7Present affiliation: Berry Blue, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA 8Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA 9Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 10Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA 11Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA * Corresponding authors: Jean-Christophe Rochet: [email protected] Aurélie de Rus Jacquet: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.391268; this version posted July 5, 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Glucosylation of Isoflavonoids in Engineered Escherichia Coli
    Mol. Cells 2014; 37(2): 172-177 http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2014.2348 Molecules and Cells http://molcells.org Established in 1990 Glucosylation of Isoflavonoids in Engineered Escherichia coli Ramesh Prasad Pandey1,3, Prakash Parajuli1,3, Niranjan Koirala1, Joo Ho Lee1, Yong Il Park2, and Jae Kyung Sohng1,* A glycosyltransferase, YjiC, from Bacillus licheniformis INTRODUCTION has been used for the modification of the commercially available isoflavonoids genistein, daidzein, biochanin A Isoflavonoids are biologically active secondary metabolites and formononetin. The in vitro glycosylation reaction, us- which are produced by most leguminous plants. However, non- ing UDP-α-D-glucose as a donor for the glucose moiety leguminous plants have also been reported to produce isofla- and aforementioned four acceptor molecules, showed the vonoids. Structurally, isoflavonoids differ from flavonoids ac- prominent glycosylation at 4′ and 7 hydroxyl groups, but cording to the position of the phenolic ring B attachment at the not at the 5th hydroxyl group of the A-ring, resulting in the C-3 position of the C-ring, instead of at the C-2 position in fla- production of genistein 4′-O-β-D-glucoside, genistein 7-O- vonoids. A number of isoflavonoid derivatives (more than 1600 β-D-glucoside (genistin), genistein 4′,7-O-β-D-diglucoside, to date) have been identified from different sources (Veitch, biochanin A-7-O-β-D-glucoside (sissotrin), daidzein 4′-O-β- 2007; 2013). In plants, the biosynthetic pathway of most of the D-glucoside, daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside (daidzin), daidzein flavonoid groups of compound share the same chalcone inter- 4′, 7-O-β-D-diglucoside, and formononetin 7-O-β-D-gluco- mediate (Pandey and Sohng, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Rhizobial Symbionts Nodulating Legumes of the Tribe Genisteae
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lincoln University Research Archive G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Rhizobial Symbionts Nodulating Legumes of the Tribe Genisteae Tomasz St˛epkowski 1,*, Joanna Banasiewicz 1, Camille E. Granada 2, Mitchell Andrews 3 and Luciane M. P. Passaglia 4 1 Autonomous Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Universidade do Vale do Taquari—UNIVATES, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; [email protected] 4 Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-509-453-708 Received: 31 January 2018; Accepted: 5 March 2018; Published: 14 March 2018 Abstract: The legume tribe Genisteae comprises 618, predominantly temperate species, showing an amphi-Atlantic distribution that was caused by several long-distance dispersal events. Seven out of the 16 authenticated rhizobial genera can nodulate particular Genisteae species. Bradyrhizobium predominates among rhizobia nodulating Genisteae legumes. Bradyrhizobium strains that infect Genisteae species belong to both the Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii superclades. In symbiotic gene phylogenies, Genisteae bradyrhizobia are scattered among several distinct clades, comprising strains that originate from phylogenetically distant legumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Amorpha Fruticosa – a Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe Or a Medicinal Plant Against Metabolic Disease?
    fphar-08-00333 June 6, 2017 Time: 18:44 # 1 REVIEW published: 08 June 2017 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00333 Amorpha fruticosa – A Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe or a Medicinal Plant against Metabolic Disease? Ekaterina Kozuharova1, Adam Matkowski2, Dorota Wo´zniak2, Rumiana Simeonova3, Zheko Naychov4, Clemens Malainer5, Andrei Mocan6,7, Seyed M. Nabavi8 and Atanas G. Atanasov9,10,11* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland, 3 Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, 4 Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia, Bulgaria, 5 Independent Researcher, Vienna, Austria, 6 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Ha¸tieganuUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 7 ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 8 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 9 Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland, 10 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 11 Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) is a shrub native to North America which has been Edited by: Kalin Yanbo Zhang, cultivated mainly for its ornamental features, honey plant value and protective properties University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong against soil erosion.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Document: BIOLOGICAL
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY, MECHANISMS OF ACTIONS OF SOY-DERIVED PHYTOALEXIN GLYCEOLLINS IN PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES Haiqiu Huang, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed By: Professor Liangli (Lucy) Yu Department of Nutrition and Food Science Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in U.S. male population. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and chronic inflammation promote the development of both CVD and prostate cancer. Glyceollins are a group of soy phytoalexins possessing a variety of biological activities. This research project focused on characterizing glyceollins’ bioactivities in alleviating cholesterol dysregulation, prevention of prostate cancer, and regulating gut microbiome. The first part of the project aimed to evaluate glyceollins’ cholesterol- lowering effect in-vivo. Male golden Syrian hamsters were fed high-fat diet with or without glyceollins supplementation for 28 days. Glyceollins supplementation led to a significant reduction of plasma VLDL, hepatic cholesterol esters and total lipid content. Consistent with changes in circulating cholesterol, glyceollins supplementation also altered expression of the genes related to cholesterol metabolism in the liver. The second part of the study aimed to evaluate glyceollins’ effect in reducing prostate cancer tumor growth in a xenograft model. An initial delayed appearance of tumor was observed in a PC-3 xenograft model. However, no difference in tumor sizes was observed in a LNCaP xenograft model. Extrapolation analysis of tumor measurements indicated that no difference in sizes was expected for both PC-3 and LNCaP tumors. Glyceollins had no effect on the androgen responsive pathway, its proliferation, cell cycle, or on angiogenesis genes in tumor and xenobiotic metabolism, cholesterol transport, and inflammatory cytokine genes in liver.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Role of Bradysia Impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) As a Vector Transmitting Peanut Stunt Virus on the Model Plant Nicotiana Benthamiana
    cells Article Analysis of the Role of Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) as a Vector Transmitting Peanut Stunt Virus on the Model Plant Nicotiana benthamiana Marta Budziszewska, Patryk Fr ˛ackowiak and Aleksandra Obr˛epalska-St˛eplowska* Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Władysława W˛egorka20, 60-318 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (P.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract: Bradysia species, commonly known as fungus gnats, are ubiquitous in greenhouses, nurs- eries of horticultural plants, and commercial mushroom houses, causing significant economic losses. Moreover, the insects from the Bradysia genus have a well-documented role in plant pathogenic fungi transmission. Here, a study on the potential of Bradysia impatiens to acquire and transmit the peanut stunt virus (PSV) from plant to plant was undertaken. Four-day-old larvae of B. impatiens were exposed to PSV-P strain by feeding on virus-infected leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and then transferred to healthy plants in laboratory conditions. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and digital droplet PCR (RT-ddPCR), the PSV RNAs in the larva, pupa, and imago of B. impatiens were detected and quantified. The presence of PSV Citation: Budziszewska, M.; genomic RNA strands as well as viral coat protein in N. benthamiana, on which the viruliferous larvae Fr ˛ackowiak,P.; were feeding, was also confirmed at the molecular level, even though the characteristic symptoms of Obr˛epalska-St˛eplowska,A.
    [Show full text]
  • And S-Equol and Implication of Transactivation Functions (AF-1 and AF-2) in Estrogen Receptor-Induced Transcriptional Activity
    Nutrients 2010, 2, 340-354; doi:10.3390/nu2030340 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Communication Comparative Effects of R- and S-equol and Implication of Transactivation Functions (AF-1 and AF-2) in Estrogen Receptor-Induced Transcriptional Activity Svitlana Shinkaruk 1, Charlotte Carreau 1, Gilles Flouriot 2, Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero 1 and Mylène Potier 1,* 1 ENITA de Bordeaux, Unité Micronutriments Reproduction Santé, 1 Cours du Général de Gaulle, CS 40201, F-33175 Gradignan cedex, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.S); [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (C.B.-P.); 2 CNRS UMR 6026, 35042, Equipe "Récepteur des œstrogènes et destinée cellulaire", Rennes cedex, France; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: [email protected]. Received: 4 January 2010; in revised form: 20 February 2010 / Accepted: 25 February 2010 / Published: 15 March 2010 Abstract: Equol, one of the main metabolites of daidzein, is a chiral compound with pleiotropic effects on cellular signaling. This property may induce activation/inhibition of the estrogen receptors (ER) or and therefore, explain the beneficial/deleterious effects of equol on estrogen-dependent diseases. With its asymmetric centre at position C-3, equol can exist in two enantiomeric forms (R- and S-equol). To elucidate the yet unclear mechanisms of ER activation/inhibition by equol, we performed a comprehensive analysis of ER and ER transactivation by racemic equol, as well as by enantiomerically pure forms. Racemic equol was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation from daidzein and separated into enantiomers by chiral HPLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1 – Protocol for Preventing Or Reversing Chronic Disease The
    Appendix 1 – Protocol for Preventing or Reversing Chronic Disease The first author has developed a protocol over the past decade for preventing or reversing chronic disease based on the following systemic medical principle: “at the present time, removal of cause is a necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, condition for restorative treatment to be effective”[1]. The protocol methodology refines the age-old principles of both reducing harm in addition to providing treatment, and allows better identification of factors that contribute to the disease process (so that they may be eliminated if possible). These contributing factors are expansive and may include a combination of Lifestyle choices (diet, exercise, smoking), iatrogenic and biotoxin exposures, environmental/occupational exposures, and psychosocial stressors. This strategy exploits the existing literature to identify patterns of biologic response using biomarkers from various modalities of diagnostic testing to capture a much broader list of potential contributing factors. Existing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Biomarker Identification to Remove Contributing Factors and Implement Treatment The initial protocol steps are diagnostic. The main output of these diagnostics will be identification of the biomarker levels and symptoms that reflect abnormalities, and the directions of change required to eliminate these abnormalities. In the present study, hundreds of general and specific biomarkers and symptoms were identified from the core IBD literature. The highest frequency (based on numbers of record appearances) biomarkers and symptoms were extracted, and are listed in Table 1 (highest frequency items first, reading down each column before proceeding to the next column). They are not necessarily consensus biomarkers. They are biomarkers whose values were altered by a treatment or contributing factor, and reported in the core IBD literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis 21321.Pdf
    Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/highlight_pathway?scale=1.0&map=map00943&keyword=flavonoids Isoflavonoids are biologically active compounds, such as phytoestrogens, produced by pea family plants. While flavonoids (in the narrow sense) have the 2- phenylchromen-4-one backbone, isoflavonoids have the 3-phenylchromen-4-one backbone with no hydroxyl group substitution at position 2. Isoflavonoids are derived from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway via liquiritigenin or naringenin. (Flavonoid Biosynthesis) -> [1,2] 1) Liquiritigenin -> [1,2,3] 1) flavone synthesis I & II -> 7,4’Dihydroxyflavone OR 2) flavonoid 6-hydroxylase -> 6,7,4’-Trihydroxyflavanone -> 2- hydroxyisoflavone synthase -> 2,6,7,4’-tetrahydroxyisoflavanone -> 6- Hydroxydaidzein -> Glycitein -> isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase -> Glycitein 7-O-glucoside -> isoflavone 7-O-glucoside-6’’-O-malonyltransferase -> Glycitein 7-O-glucoside-6”-O-malonate OR 3) 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase -> 2,7,4’Trihydroxyisoflavanone -> [1,2] 1) Feedback Loop 2,7,4’-trihydroxyisoflavanone 4’-O-methyltransferase / isoflavone 4’-O-methyltransferase -> 2,7-Dihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavanone -> 2- hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase -> Formononetin OR 2) 2-hydroxyisoflavone dehydratase -> Daidzein -> [1,2,3,4,5] 1) isoflavone/4’-methoxyisoflavone 2’-hydroxylase -> 2’Hydroxydaidzein -> 2’Hydroxydaidzein reductase -> 2’-Hydroxydihydrodaidzein -> 3,9-Dihydroxypterocarpan -> 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-monooxygenase -> 3,6,9- Trihydroxypterocarpan -> [1,2] 1) trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase
    [Show full text]