.M * 7 1/b.2 - & Document of The World Bank

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Public Disclosure Authorized Pi,,por t No. :11 147- Ct-hA Type: (SAfR) - I t I- AGRICULTURfAL SUPPf10 Sf-RVIE t-'j I ReportNo. 11147C& Aiuthor: 12LI. U-"'lCARATNAM

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

CHNA Public Disclosure Authorized

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

JANUARY22, 1993 Public Disclosure Authorized

Agriculture Operations Division Public Disclosure Authorized Country Department II East Asia and Pacific Regional Office

This documenthas a restdded distibution and may be used by recipiens ony in the perfonranc of tbeir official duties. Its contents may not otewise be disclosed whout World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of June 1992)

Currency Unit Yuan (Y) $1.00 = Y 5.45 Y 1.00 = $0.183

FISCAL YEAR

January 1 - December31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (ICm)= 0.62 miles 1 hectare (ha) = 15 mu 1 ton (t) = 1,000 kg = 2,205 pounds 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds - 2jin ACRONYMSAND ABBREVIATIONS ATEC AgrotechnicalExtension Center BAU Beijing AgriculturalUniversity CAAS Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences CABTS China AgriculturalBroadcasting and TelevisionSchool CAS Chinese Academyof Sciences CATEC County Agro-TechnicalExtension Center CNCQSTF China NationalCenter for QualitySupervision and Test of Feed CNBTS China NationalBureau for TechnicalSupervision CNSC China NationalSeed Corporation DAH Departmentof AnimalHusbandry DEER Departmentof ExternalEconomic Relations DOA Departmentof Agriculture LAE Institute of AgriculturalEconomics (CAAS) ICAMA Institute for Control of Agrochemicals 1PM Integrated Pest Management IRRI InternationalRice ResearchInstitute MATEC MunicipalAgro-Technical Extension Center NAHVSC NationalAnimal Husbandryand Veterinary Service Center NAPQS NationalAnimal and Plant QuarantineService NATEC Nat:>nal Agro-TechnicalExtension Center NBIC National Breed ImprovementCenter NCIVBP National Control Institute of VeterinaryBioproducts and Pharmaceuticals NQCCVBP National QualityControl Center for Veterinary Bioproductsand Pharmaceuticals NSTS National Seed TestingStation PATEC ProvincialAgro-Technical Extension Center PMO Project ManagementOffice SMS SubjectMatter Specialist SPF SpecificPathogen Free STPAC Soil Testing and Plant AnalysisCenter TAC Technical AdvisoryCommittee TATES TownshipAgrotechnical Extension Station FOR OMCL4 USE ONLY

CHINA

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

CREDrr AN! PROJECTSUMDARY

Borrower: People'sRepublic of China Benefciaries: Ministryof Agriculture(MOA), and Provinces/Municipalities of Beijing, GuangxP,Hebei, Heilon0iang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaaxi, Shahi, andSichuan A _ounU SDR83.7 million ($115 million equivalent) Ternm: Standard,with 35 yearsmatrity Objectivesand Description: The projectwould assist the Governmentin increasingagricultural productionand farmers' incomesby strengtheninginsttutions that providesupport services to farmers. The projectwould: (i) strengthen aiculture, aimal husbandry and animal and plant quarantine managementcapability thugh improved information, computer networkingand monitorng and evaluationsystems; (ii) reorganizecrop and livestockextension systems from nationalto countylevel; Ciii) Improveextion servicesby providingacilities, upgrading skills of tecnical staffand improvint deir recommeodationsthrou farm-level demod-iven research programs; (lv) reorne seed centers to separatetheir productionfrom certficationand reguladonroles and promoteseed lization; (v)strengthen veterinary and preventive animalhealth services, establisha well-coordinatednational breed improvementprogram, and tightenpharmaceutical, agrochemical and feedquality control; and (vI) promote cost recovery for servicesprovided to farmers.The project would also strengthen project management at all levelsby providingfacilities, traing andtechnical assistance. Beneits and Risks: At the nationallevel, the projectwould benefit a sizeableproportion of the country's200 million farmers through improved policy formulation and strongernational agricultural instiuons. At the provincialand lowerlevels, approximatly 5.6 million farm households would directly benefitfrom the projectthrough: strnger extensioncenters with trained staff who are equippedwith fcies and able to respondto farmers' demand;armer assains whichwould provide fatmers with direct participaion;inputs and markes; and commercializedservices which wouldprovide quality mpive servicesin the areasof inputsupply, seedsand animal health. At full development, the adopteeswould double or tripletheir incomes. Ihe projectERRs range from24 percentto 63 percentdepending on the technologyadoption scenarios. The project wouldalso alleviatepoverty in eightof China'spoorest counties and

IThisdocument has a restricted distributionand maybe used by recipientsonly in the performance of their offilcialduties. Its contentsmay not otherwisebe disclosedwithout World Bank authorizaton. - ii -

create substantWdemand for labor in farming, hliog, distibuting and procing the incremental output of the project, including more job opportntes fDrwomen. The project fa no unusual tecical risk. Organizional risks would be minimizedtirough intensivetrinig and strengthened project management. Changes in organizational, management,and regulatoryapproaches are expectedto serve as models for national replicationand may provide the most Importantlong-term benefits of the project.

Estimated Costs: LQcal Foreign iTotl - - - ($ million)

Cropslextension 39.8 43.5 83.3 Seeds 12.1 12.0 24.1 Livestock 36.7 38.1 74.8 Quality control 3.3 3.6 6.9 Quarantine 4.0 6.0 10.0 Base cost 95. 103.2 199.1 Physical contingencies 7.8 8.4 16.2 Ptice contingencies 12.0 11.0 23.0 Total roectt La I1. I22 238. Reservedprocurement 4.3 13.2 17.5 glal (excludingreseved procurement) J1.4 109.4 220.8

Fbmdtng Plan:

Central, provincial,pre- fecture& countygovts. 110.1 13.2 123.3 IDA 5.6 109.4 115.0

Fadin4d Disbursemet:

I1DAIY 1 I995 199 1997 12 1992 20 2001 ($ million)

Annual 15.0 20.0 22.0 25.0 16.0 12.0 4.0 1.0 Cumulative 15.0 35.0 57.0 82.0 98- 110.0 114.0 115.0

Economic Rate of Return: 24-63 percent

/A Project is exempt from taxes and duties. -I II

CONTENTS

1 Badguo ...... udd 1

A. InftrodctionA. ha&Xon...... 1 ...... 1 B. The AgiculuaSetoSector...... 1 C. Jhe LivestockSubsector ...... 2 D. AgriuludSupportrSelS esiporsl. Chia ...... 3 E. Sec lObjecives and Bank G rooupLdltg...... 8 F. ProjectFormulation and Rana e ...... 9 .2 I1,eProjeAr ...... 11

A. Gme"M ...... 1 B...... 11 B. on. o ...... ci....o.. 11 C. SupportS ices ...... 12 D. Desip Considerations ...... 15

3 heI .rojec ...... 17

A. G3eral ...... 17 B. Projec Descion ...... 17 C. DetailedlFeatUre...... 19 D. S"tasofPreparain ...... <33 D. Stmsof PlmeoaS^do ...... 33 E. ptSchedule ...... 33 F. CostEstimates...... 33 0. Fimacing ...... 35 H. Prouement ...... 35 . m...... 37 1. Accountsand Audits...... 37 K. E m enta pac ...... 38

hi rport i based on an FAOICPpreparation repo (July 1991)and the findin of a preappraisdmission in October/November1991, ed by W.P. TingCrask Manger IDA)and comprisingMs. R. Jaisaud, Mess. A.C. Brandenburg,R. Vick, L deAlwis, 0. Smith (FAO/CP),C.W. Chen,T. Sitwff, and B. Swaon (Consultants);and an appra mssion in Jue 12, comprisingmany of the samestaff and Ms. R. Jaaard, Messrs.A.C.Brndebug, C. Mguire, W.P. TiS (IDA),P. L@avy, and S.N.H. Putt (Constans). Peerreviewer were Messrs.C. de Haan,A. Pitd rd, LP. Srlatava (AGRPS),nd R. McGoh (ASTPH).The Diiso Chief s Mr. J. Goldbergand the D meDector is Mr. Shahd JavedBur. -lv-

4 PRo3eOje anzon and _a.a.m.e ...... 39

A. PRojectOqrnkzat...... 39 B. FinancialM i"aemn ...... 40 C. Spevison, Monioing, Evaluationand Rqoting ...... 40

5 ProduCdonandMarlkeb ...... 42 A. Prduction ...... 42 B. Ivarkets ...... 46 C. Prices ...... 46

6 Benfts, JustWtaton andRisks ...... 48 A. Benefitsand Justfication ...... 48 B. Employmnn and Incomes...... 49 C. Womenin velopmet...... 49 D. CostRecovery...... SO E. ImpactonGovemmentBudget...... 50 F. Financialand EconomicAnalyss . . . 51 G. Riss ...... 52 7 AgreemenitReadied and ...... 53

1. BasicData on ProjectProvic e....5...... S 2. CostEstlmates . . .. 71 PoSjectCost Summnar y.... 71 SummaryAccunts Cost Summary..... 72 cost Suinniaryby onmponet...... 74 ProjectConiponnt byYea ...... 75 EstmatedSchecedeofDisbr.s.. t...... 91 3. Traizg and T'eical Assistac ...... 92 4. Reeach,Educato Extension,FamerLinkages...... 112 5. Farmer Assodaos and ViW Economic Cooperatives ...... 116 6. ManagementInfinrmaton System ...... 121 7. Key Monitoring ndicars ...... 126 8. SupervsionPlan ...... 137 9. Commecaized Agricultu Servis ...... 141 10. Term of Reference ...... 144 11. Econonic Analyss ...... 180 12. SelectedDouments and Data Availablein the Project Fi'e ...... 186 -V.

TAlS IN lkT

3.1 ProjectCostSunimy ...... 34 35 3.2 Procutmea Pmflmoe...... 5.1 Extihstnand Potid Crop Yieds (TIRA)Usg Existing bpwovedor New Technologies...... 43 5.2 inremta PPoductuand AdoptlnRates ...... *. 44 5.3 ImentalLivestock ProductLon...... 45

1. Existg Organi nl StUcWeof the Mnitry of Agricula...e.1. 2. Organaion r ProjectM.lon 189 3. Stuct of the National,Provincial, MuncipalI/ Prfecturd, Countyand Towfsip Agoenical ExtensionCenters andPrposet Reorgnized Structure,DIepartmet of Animal Husbandry,9vlinstry of Agricultur...... 191 4. mplemadule ...... 197 5. Schedule ...... 1

IBRDNos. 23859R,23909R, 23910R Locationof Pojeat Components 1 BACKGROUND

A. OMUCIION

1.1 The Governmenof China,recognizing Xt weaknee in presentcrop and lwestocksupport services to faumersare constrainingproducdon of priot foodgrainsand other commodities,has requested IIDA stance In fancing a nationalAgricultal SupportServices Project (ASSP)to reinforcethese services. Such a project, coveringadaptive research, extension,seed supply, livestock, quarante, qualitycontrol of inputsand managemenservces, wouldbroaden the scopeof IDA's asisne to Chinas agriulture sector. It wouldprovide continuityto, and reifrce the activitiessupported under the pvious D)Aspported Seedsand SecondAgricutural Research Projects. The Projectwas identifiedin AugdstSqptmber1990 and preparedin AprilVMay1991 by the Minstry of Agriculture(MOA) with assistancefrom FAO/CP. An IIDAand PAOICP mission preappraised the projectin October/November1991. A technicalreview mission took placein March 1992and the projectwas appraisedin June 1992.

D. TM AGMCULTBALSECTOR

1.2 Agriculturein China-including erops, livestock, forestry and isheries-provides susteancefor about1.2 billou people;it is an importantsoure of uncomefor some200 million farm familiesand accountsfor about30 pent of the country'sGDP. Onlyabout 137million ha of Chinas landarea of 960 millionha are arable. Farmingsystms are therefre intensive, withheavy inputs of labor, fertizer, smaltmahinery and watr. Nearlyhalf of the crWed area is irrligated.Foodgains occupy about 70 percentof total croplad and accountfor about one third of the valueof agriculturaloutput. Intensivefarming has enabledChina to meetthe basic food requirementsof its population,about 22 percentof the wodd's total, and fromless than 11 percentof the world'sarable land to producean inrasigy sophisticatedmix of cash and commercialcrops. 1.3 China'sdecade-long rural reform program has revitized the agriculturalsector andprovided impressive growth and structural chge throughthe introductionof the production responsibilitysystem, increased producer prices and an enlargedrole for marketforces. The grossvalue of agricuturaloutput (GVAO) increased by 83 percentin red terms dun the 1978-90period (6 peret per annmu),susanly faster thamduring the previous25-yea period(3 percentper annm). Whilesignificant growth in gri productionwas achieved in the earlypart of the period(peaing at 407 milliontons in 1984),sta_ grain productionhas beenthe Government'scentral concern in reet yearswith production ranging between 379 and 402 milliontos duringthe 198548period as farms sbsdtited othercrops for grain. Recent majorefforts have been madeto increae grainpoduction and recenty productionappears to 4-

haverisen to a newplateau, with 446 milliontons In 1990and 435 milliontons in 1991. The Government'sstrateg to increasegrain poduton includesdiverse mesures, suchas increasing statemvestent in agriculture,mainly in irrigaon rebabilitationand xanion, andintroducing partialreforms in grain procurement,disbution, pricesand subsidies. Theserefoms have recedy includedthe generalfixing of provinc grain procurementquotas at substily reducedlevels, with ever-iucreasingproduction icmen priced at mariet-basednegoated prices;already announced increased wheat quota procurement prices for 1992,so thatwheat and cornfarmgate prices now approach world levels; the conversionof mostofficial ihprovincial grain shipmentsfrom quota to negotatedprices; and in 1991and 1992,the first substantial increases(from 132percent to 160percent) in urbanration grain and edibleoil pricesin 30 years. Recentyears have also seenthe establishmentof fledglinggrain commodity exchanges for all majorgrains in variousChinese cities (e.g., Zhengzhou, Changchun, Wuhan, Harbin, and Changsha).In the conte of preparinga proposedGrain Distrution and MarketingProject, IDA is discussingwith the GOC a fiture reformprogram involving the further substantal eliminationof grain consumptionsubsidies, the openingof the intea grain trade to aU interestedunits and individuals,the thoroughcommercialization of grain wholesalingand retailingentaepis, establishmentof a futuresmarket in grain,and eventualmarket-determined pricingof viruly all grain in China.

C. TIt JIVEn'OX SUBSECTOR

1.4 The livestocksubsector in Chinahas grownrapidly since the reformsof 1978 and its shareof agriculturaGNP has increasedfrom 14 percentin 1980to 26 percentin 1990. At the end of 1991,the livestockpopulaton Included 370 millionpigs, 206 millionsheep and goats, 132 millioncattle and large animalsand 2.672 bilion poultry. Chinais the world's largestpig producerwith 42 percentof the world'spigs, but raisesonly 4 percentof the cattle, 8 percentof the sheep, and 16 percentof the chickens. In 1991,meat productionwas 28.6 milion tons, eggproduction was 7.9 milliontors andmUk production stood at 5.2 milliontons, all enormousadvances over 1978but sill low on a per capitabasis by worldstandads. 1.5 China'slivestock feed resources include both grazing lands (55 percent)and crop lands(45 percent). Presenthusbandry maagement systems tend to minimizethe feedingof grain, exceptfor intensivelyraised poultry and leanpis, andemphasize the use of milledcrop andgrain by-products, other processing by-products, cut frage producedon unusedor margnal lands,and forage from grazing on nau grasslands.China's animal feed industry, even though it is only 15 years old, has becomethe thirdlargest in the worldwith an annualoutput of 31 milliontons. 1.6 Futuresustnable increasesin livestockproduction would inceasinly baveto dependon higherproduction efficiency, which would include the feedingof higherlevels of grain to nonrmin, pastureimprovement and forageproduction for ruminans, and the utilizationof livestockwith superiorgenetic traits derivedfrom indigenousand importedgene pools. Thetechnical feasibility of suchincreases would depend on the: (a) availabilityof feed grains, forage and protein supplements;(b) improvedand greater accessibilityof animal husbandryand feedformulation technology transfer through applied research and extension;and (c) sustainablefarmer incentives. To this end, increasedbottom-up planning involving the farm populationand increased cost recovery of expsive governmentsupport service programs would haveto be introducedinto the system. -3 -

D. AGRIWLTL SAORtT SERVICESIN C }A

1.7 Agricultal A itratn. Lead refsp ilitor agricultral development at the natio level lies withthe Minlty of Agriculture(MOA). It i dividedinto a lage number of dpmrnentslbueaus rep n agriculture(DOA), animal husbandry (DMH), aquatcproducts and other mportantareasof actvity (Chart 1). MOA salso incarge of the ChineseAcademy of Agriultural Sciences(CAAS), the CentralAgricultural Broadctng and Televiion School(CABTS) and otherbureas providig administrive, financl, plamnigand Inforation services. The departmentsand "generalstations" into whichthey are subdivided providerecommendations on policy,regulaton and nationalprograms and adminstercentrally financedprogrms ad projects. Thneyare also responsiblefor monitoringagricultu productonactivities and providinginformaton services at the mtionallevel. 1.8 China'sprovinci administrati- we generallystructured like their national counterparts. Programsare implementedthrough provincialdepartmens and companies conrspondingto similar stitions at the nationallevel. Prvinces are dividedinto prefectures and municipalitiesand furthersubdivided into counties,township and viUages.There are, on average,14 prefectu/municipalties per province,5 couniesper prefcture/municipalityand about 20 townshipsper ountyand 16 villages per toWnship. County and lower level auninistrationsare generallystructured simlarly to the nationaland provincialones. Direct riculturaservices are providedto farmersby townshipand viUlagelevel orgaizations. 1.9 Pinancialautonomy is encouraged,and to someex enforced,at every level of government.This induces local governent to involvethemselves in commercalenterprises that generaterevenue and to neglectservices such as researchand extension. Loans for eternay fundeddevelopment projects have to be repaidby the localgovernments themselves, makig them reluctantto borrowfor nonrevenue-earning,service type projects. 1.10 AgrIeultural Eteuen. Extension is provided through a system of AgrotecnicalExtesion Centers(ATECs) which operate at the National(NATEC), Provincial (PATEC),Municipal/Prefectrl (MATE), County(CATEC) and Township(TATES) levels. At eachlevel, the ATECreports to the conespondn Deparmen or Bureauof Agricultureand is expectedto maintaintechnical likages withthe ATECsat the levels mediaty aboveand belowit. 1.11 At the nationallevel, the NATEC is responsiblefor formulatingnational agriculurl exesion policyguidelines and for overallplanning, coordinating, monioring and evaluaig China's etension programs. However,at the nationallevel, as well as at the provincialand prefural levels,these systemuni remainlargely undeveloped and the staff undertilized. Furthermore,these levels of the ATECsysem lack a cleary definedmision that is pveof ensmionfield operaions at the countyand townip level,and these uniDt have few resourcesother than their technical staff. At the countylevel, CATECs attempt to con4uct adate research, but the subject mat speciists (SMSs)lack adeque training and equipment.Also, they are exected to tr andbackstop the TATESexesion staff. At present 1,200 of the 2,200 countiesin Chinahve esablishedCATECs, with an averageof 18-20 technicalstaff. At the vilage level,about 500,000 full- or part-timeFarmer Tedhnicians (FTs), whoreceive specialized training and support from the TATESextension staff, provide the direct link to farmers. Ther is, on average,about one FT per vilage, coverng an averageof 9 demonstationhouseholds and about420 fm householdseach. -4-

1.12 The basic etension stategy nowbeing pursued by Chinais a combinationof farmertraining and diss ationof new technologiesusing a vaiety of low co tecmiques. Mostfarmer tainig, includingtraining of FTs, occursat netownship level. Shortcourses are usuallyheld prior to eah croppingseson. CATECtechnial stafffiequenty hold special seminarsfor PTs and demonstrationfamers, usuallyIn TATESfacilities. The FTs, In tur make direct visits to regular and demonstrationfarmers ard participatein group meetings. Prited materialscontaing cuent technicalrecommendions are sometims duplicatedby TATESstaff at the townshipgovernment office or by fie CATEC,however, duplicatng equipmentis generallyiimited to silk scrmeingone page handouts,'one copy at a time". Printedmaterials are dissominatedat trainingsessions, and throughFTs and demonstation farmers. TATESstaff also use the publicvillage loudspeak systemon a weeklybasis to communicateagricultural recommendations to farmers,and to anounce fielddays and training courses. Since 1979,a systemof contractextension has been intrduced in someprovinces. The TATESor other ATECdraws up a contractto providetechnical services and inputsto a farm-r or groupof farmersand are compensatedby the farmerswith, typically,20 percentof the valueof the crop abovethe agreedtarget. If harvestfits belowthe agreedtarget as the resultof poor gecbnicalrecommendations or nonsupplyof timelyinputs, the pay or bonusesof the TATESworkers may be dockedup to 80 percentof the shortfall.This approach has worked well in somehigh crop-intensity areas where input supplies are sufficient. 1.13 During the preproductionresponsibility system era, the extensionsystem functionedrelatively well in termsof top-downtechnology transfer, whereby recommendations werepassed down to the communeswho simplywent ahead and implementedthem. Withthe shiftto the productionresponsibility system (PRS), the numberof end users to be reached increasedmany fold andthe productionpractices and newtechnologies, which the extensionstaff mustdisseminate, are becomingmore sophisticatedand locationspecific. In this context,the extensionsystem has becomeinadequate, because it curreatlylacks sufficient adaptive research capacityto developlocation specific technology and messages.Also, this new contextdemands improvementin the technicaland farm managementknowledge of extensionpersonnel and in their abilityto teachand communicateeffectively with farmers. Also, it needsmore effective institudonallinkages to ensurethe continmousand rapidflow of new technologyfrom research to farmers,on the onehand, and the identficationand relaying of farmen' problemsto research and administrativeauthorities on the other. 1.14 Agriculturl Research. Agricultu researchin Chinais carriedout by some 90 researchinsions at the nationaland provincial levels. TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),China's premier research institution, has about122 researchinsties, someof which are involvedin agriculturalresearch. The ChineseAcademy of AgriculturalSciences (CAAS), functioningunder the Bureauof Scienceand Technology of MOA,has leadresponsibility at the nationallevel for agriculturalresearch, planming and graduatetraining. The CAAShas about 10,600staff (of whom48 percentare researchers,8 percentare anistrators, and 44 percent are supportstaff) manning 29 researchinstitutes, 3 researchcenters, 3 researchlaboratories and a graduateschool. Twentyof theseresearch instittes are locatedin majorproduction centers acrossthe country,the ceWalservice facilities being located in Beijing.Ihe institutesundertake key research projects in crop breeding, plant physiology,plant protection,plant genetic resources,biotechnology, soils and fertilizer,agrictura meteorology,animal husbandry and veteinary science. --

1.15 At the provinciallevel, the ProvincialAcademies of AgriculturalSciences (PAAS)and their affiliatedresearch stitu, underthe provincialdpalments of agriculture, fbcuson solvingbroad based production problems in the province. Also, the PAASparticipate in nationalresearch projects, but mostlack the capacityto carry out a comprehensiveprogram of adaptiveresearch for all mnor agmecologicalzones in the province;that responsibilitymust be assumedby the CATECs. Nationwide,there are about 1,120research institutes at the prefecura level and above, with a staff of over 95,000 enged In agriculturalresearch. Provincialpro,ects are fundedby the provinceand nationaland regionalprojects by the central government. However,much of that research capacity,especially at the provincialand prefeural level, remais underutilizeddue to lack of operationalfunds. 1.16 AgriculturalCredit. Agriculturalcredit is providedby the AgriculturalBank of China(ABC), which had totalloans of Y 69.9billion in 1991,through a nationwidenetwork of branches. Some59,000 Rural Credit Cooperatives(RCCs), at the townshiplevel, also provideagricultural credit and had totalloans of Y 80.1billion in 1991. However,both ABC and RCC lend primarilyto financecommercial and villageindustria activitiesrather than agriculture.Less than 20 percentof their portfoliosis composedof loansto farmers,with the bulkof farmerlending going into short-termloans of less than one yearfor crop and livestock production.Some medium-term lendig is alsoprovided to farmersfor agriculturalequipment, draftanimals, farm trucks and servicessuch as sinkingwells, but creditrationing limits famers' abilityto Investin such assets. 1.17 Input Supply. Input supply Is largelyhandled by the AgriculturalInputs Corporationunder the Ministryof Commerce(MOC). Localsupplies of fertilizer,pesticides, plasticfilm and tools are issuedthrough Supply and MarketingCooperatives, which operate 64,000shops at the townip leveland 110,000additional ones at the villagelevel. Fertlizer distrbution,particularly of urea and phosphate,and other inputssuffer from short and ofte& unreliablesupply. Locally manufacted ferdlizersand agrocheaiicals also have low and variable qaity and distributionis constrainedby bureaucracyand lack of transportcpacity. 1.18 SeedSupply. Responsibilityfor the supplyof improved,uality seed is divided betweenthb ChinaNational Seed Corporadon (CNSC), the Bureauof StateFams (BSF)and provinchl,muicipal/prefectural and countyseed companies. The CNSCis responsiblefor the importand exportof seedand for coordinatingseed production and distributionat the national level;the BSFproduces seed mainly for use on statefarms with a surplus(about 15 percent)for sale to farmers;and the seed companiesproduce the bulk of the commerciWseed sold M farmers.The recenty establishedNational Seed Station (NSS) of MOAis responsiblefor seed policyformulation and overallcoedinafion and regulationof the seedcompany system.

1.19 Thereare at presentmore than 2,600seed companies, most (over 2,200) at the countylevel and above. Almostal counteshave their ownseed companies. Annual seed sales increasedfrom 1.55million tons in 1986to about3 milliontons in 1991,hybrid seed having the highestrate of increase.The proportion of seedsplanted by farmersprovided by seedcompanies increasedfrom 9.7 percentin 1980to 25 percentin 1991,but is still quite low givenMOA's desireto promotehybrid vareties.

1.20 lIvestock Support Servics Extensionservices are providedthrough a network of AnimalHusbandry and Veternay Service Centers(AHVSCs) l(cated at the provincial, prefecr, countyand townshipleveis, parallel to the agriculturalATEC system. This huge -6- livestocketsion andveterinary service system Is overseen by only75 professionalstaff who makoup the NationaAnimal Husbandry and Health Sevices Center at MOA. Ninetyprovincial centers(4,110 er"ployees) are supportedby 593prefecur/muIcipal (11,971employees) and 4,941county (72,422 employees) ceners. Ihe provincialand prefectural/municipal centers are large;,,concerned with policy, plannig and administrativesupport. Some62,300 town;hip cenes with a total of 320,000fidl-tme employees,provide farmer supportin the areas of aimal husbandry,animal health, livestock improvemen and pasturedevelopment. Staffing Is adequate,with a nationalaverage of one townshiplivestock technician to 625farm households. The townshiplivestock technical staff are assistedby part-timeFTs at the villagelevel. The AHVSCszre supportedat all levelsby a limitedmumber of spe&dizedcenters involved in breed and pastureimprovement services and researchand, at the provincialand nationallevels, by livestockinput production and qualitycontrol centers. 1.21 DiseaseControl. In the recentpast, China has relied heavily on vaccine-induced protectionagainst disease outbreaks, and the vaccineproduction industry with associated vaccine distributionsystems is well developed. Viruly all livestockvaccines used in Chinaare producedlocally and channeledto cold stores located at the county and townshiplevels. Productionof the variousvaccines is notyet well coordined withanimal protection priorities, and the emphasisshould now shift fom infectiousdisease control toward the more difficultto diagnoseand controlproduction diseases. To this end,the veterinarydiagnostic system requires upgradingboth in tesig technologyand stafftraining.

1.22 Feed Industry. The feed industy is making a major impact on the intsification of poultry,pig and fish productionby providingmore compoundfeeds. and by usin underutlizedcrop and agroprocessingby-products for feed. A numberof nati aal and regionalfeed formulation and nutritional intake standards are in existence,usually developed to serve regionalneeds from the temperatenorth to the t-opicalsouth. Nationalfeed milling resourcesconsist of about 14,000mills of from 1,000to 100,000tons anmual capacity, with an aggregateannuial capacity of 32 milliontons. In 1991, compoundfeed productiontotaled 32 milliontons out of an estimated118 milliontons of availablefeed gains. Mostmills are registeredas eithercounty or townshipenterprises. Ihe nationaltarget is to convert80 percent of availablefeed grains into formulated rations by the year 2010. 1.23 The ChinaNational Bureau for TechnicalSupervision (CNBTS), a parastatal agencyreportig to the StateCouncil, oversees all qualitycontrol programs. Feed quality testing at the nationallevel Is implementedby the ChinaNational Center for QualitySupervision and Testig of Feed(CNCQSTF). The Centerprovides technical supervision to 35 DAH-managed provincialand municipalfeed qualitycontrol laboratories. Random testing is carriedout but limitedby smal recurrentbudgets. At present, 112 of 900 draftedregulations of a newly proomlgatedFeed Law have beenpassed, with all expectedto be legislatedby 1995. The CNCQSTFalso providesservices to the feed industry,including training feed laboratory techician, draftingfeed qualitystndards, carrying out researchon feed qualitycontrol techniques,and givig annualawards to superiormils. 1.24 Lvestock Breeding. Livestock genetic resource managementis the responsibilityof the DAHDivision of GeneResources, with the CAASBeijing Instiute of Animal Science(BIAS) being the lead researchagency. The CAASIBIASDepartment of Geneticsand Breedinghas characterzedand publishedbasic data on all livestockand poultry breedsin Chinaand carriesout frequentgene studies to assistin classificationof localstrains. -7 -

In total, 45 cattlebreeds (including yak and buffao), 66 pig breeds,45 sheepand goat breeds and 50 poultrybreeds have been identified.In the dairy Industry,a nadonalcatto breeding program,which includes performance tetng, has been Initiated.The Introductionof the lean pork strategyinvolves the crossingof indigeous fales withlean or locallycrossbred boars, and raisingthe Fl offspin on improvedfeeds, resultingin improvedefficiency and leaner meat. Ihe breedig of specializedbroiler and layerstrains also appears to haveadvtages over local dual-purposebirds, given the increaing hitensificationInto meat and egg producdon. Localduck and dhickenbreed improvementshould follow the time-testedpyramdal breeding program. 1.25 IAvestockand Plant Quarante The China NadonalAnimal and Plant QuaranineService (NAPQS), with headquaters in Beijingand 46 centersand 100 hes across the country located at seaports, airports, inland frontiersand boundaryrivers, is responsiblefor preventingthe introductionof exoticor designatedanimal and plantdiseases into the country. The NAPQSalso controlsthe exportof endangeredspecies in line withChina's obligationsas a signatoryto ClTES (Conventionon Trade in EndangeredSpecies). Four nationalanimal quarantne isolation stions havebeen set up at Tangu,Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhouto serve as primaryholding areas for Importedstock. The Tanguand Shangai stationshave been upgradedunder bilateralassistance projects. A further 34 centers to dministerin-country quaantine and animalmovement are locatedin 17provincial capitals and autonomousregions and controlledby the Bureau of AnimalHusbandry and Bureau of Agiculture. The NAPQS'slegislative mandate is centeredaround the 1992Import and Export Animaland Plant QuarantineRegulations of the People'sRepublic of China. A seies of 60 bilateradanimal and plant quartine agreemen with other countriescontributes to the complexityof the legalframework within which the Serviceoperates. The NAPQShas over 4,000staff of whom55 are at headquaters,and reports diety to the MOA,with only informal linkswith DOA and DAH. 1.26 Quarantinemanagement, as it relatesto the enforcementof eistig reglty laws whichwere redrafted and promlgatedin October1992, is increasinglyhampered by the ladckof accessby China's nationalplant and quaantine servicesto the necessarymodern technicaland regulatorydata bases. Chinais not a memberof the OfficeInternatlonale Epizootiques(OlE), which has eaerbated its isolationfrom the internationalquante world community.Overly L- lexibleadminiLative procedures, combined with a previouslyoutated legal quarantineframework have furtherconibutd to divergencesbetween the applicationof China'squarantine regulations and thoseof othercounties. lhe lack of modern,computerized data basesupon which information networking systems can be built has preventeda rapid and accurateresponse mechanism to quartine challenges.Furthermore, laboratory equipment and teting methodology(such as the stillwidely used complementationtest insteadof the new and more sensitiveELISA teciology) have been the sourceof discrepanciesin test resuts and resuting disputeswith importing countries, to the detrimentof importersand to China,which urgentlyrequires continous inflowsof geneticplant and animalgenetic pools. 1.27 VeterinaryPhamacca and BloproductsQuality Control. The quality controlof veterinaypharmaceuticals and biological products is fundamentalto improvinganimal healthstandards through drug treamt andvaccination programs. Qualitycontrol is exercised at the national level by the National Control Institute of VeterinaryBioproducts and Pharmaceuticals(NCIVBP). At the provic levelroutine and spotchecking is cied out by DAHlaboratories and by prdectural andcomty veteriay stations. AlUma c plaits -8-

are required to carry out in-housequality control and inspectionof products, although only the largest, in fact, joindy carry out meaningfulquality control programs. The NCIVBPis restricted operationallyand financiallyby MOA and CNBTSas to the etent of its tesn program, which poses a constraint on its national impact. Recognitionby CNBTS of the National Quality Control Center for VeterinaryBloproducts and Pharmaceuticals(NQCCVBP) as the designated national quality control center for veterinary bioproductsand phamaceudtcalswould enable it to extend its supervisionand inspectionactivities, and would allow for greater financial self- sufficiencythrough revenue from testng and licensingfees.

E. SECpORALOBEcnvEs AMDBANK GRoVp IZNJG

1.28 The Government'slong-term objectives for the agricultul sector are to increase food productionto meet the requirementscreated by populationand Income growth, and raise incomesand employmentopportunities in rural areas. Given China's shortageof arable virgin land, developmentplanners have focussed on the need to increasethe productivityof presently cropped areas. Per capita and total value added in the crop subsectorare to be raised primarily by increasing the yield and quality of food, feed, orchard, and industrial crops as well as agroprocessing.

1.29 The Bank Grouplending to China's agricultra sector is designedto support the Government'sefforts to increaseand diversifyagricultural production. Bank Group agricultura lending to date has comprised 30 operationsamountng to $3.6 billion and has covered the full spectrumof geographicareas and subsectors,with overallfocus on land development,irrigation and drainage(7 projects), upgradingagricultural support services including agdcultural research, education, credit and seed improvement (7 projects) and developing specialized subsectors includingrubber, forestry, fruit and fisheriesdevelopment (8 projects) and area development(8 projects). In recent years, the Bank Group has supporteda series of provincial development projects in which an area development approach has been applied, with responsibility for proposing and preparing the investmentproposaIs and repaymentof project funds restng with provincial and lower level governme. Many of these provinci projects include limited assistance to support services. The Rural Sector AdjustmentLoan (Loan 2967-CHA/Credit 1932-CHA)contributed to the articulation and strengtheningof the reform process. Several projects approvedsince 1989, namelyNational Afforestation (Credit 2145-CHA),Mid-Yangtze Agricultural Development(Credit 2172-CHA),Fourth Rural Credit (Loan 3265-CHA/Credit 2182-CHA), Henan Agricultural Development(Credit 2242-CHA) and Tarim Basin (Credit 2294-CHA),contain significant subsectoral reform elements.

1.30 Severalprojects, now completeor nearing completion,are of particularrelevance to the proposed project. The AgriculturalEducation and ResearchProject (Credit 1297-CHA) provided much needed manpowertrining at local and overse institutionsof higher learning as well as buildings, equipment, and technical assistance. The Second Agriculural Education Project (Credit 2444-CA) was aimed at improvingthe quality and supply of high and middle level agriculural manpowerthrough improvement of 23 key agricultura colleges,establishment of 8 trainig and extension support centers and supply of civil works, furniture, equipment, technicalassistance and training. The SecondAgricultural Research Project (Credit 1516-CA) supportedimprovements to 15 research centers responsiblefor research in food and cash crops, livestock, aquatic products, forestry, hydrology and meteorology and a pilot program to strengthenthe extensionwork of ten county agoical extensioncenters. The Seeds Project -9-

(Credit 1577-CHA)has providedmodern seed processing equipment and trainedstaff in seed processing,tsing and certificationat 18 seedcenters. 1.31 Implementationof mostongoing Bank Group projects in the agriculturesector is moreor lesson schedule.Exceptions are supportservice type projects (Agriculural Research, Education,Seeds) involving considerable inputs of foreigntraining, technical assistance and intetional procurement,for whichslightly longer disbursement periods would have been more appropriate.Experience in previousBank Group agricultual projects in Chinais thatphysical works have been completedon time or aheadof schedule. Disbursementsfor agricultral projectsusually outpace those in othersectors. Notablefeatures of all the projectsare the high standardof projectmanagement, the enthusiasticparticipation of farmersand the effective coilaborationof governmentauthorities at all levels. Projectcompletion reports of projectsthat havebeen completed indicate that implementation was generally successf Ul, that economicrates of retrn reachedor exceededapprai estimates,and that technologyused was soundand appropriatefor widerapplication. 1.32. Lessonslearned from closelyrelated completed projects have been used in the designof thisproject. Greaterweight is givento intrventionsat the lowerlevels, i.e., county level and below. The projectwoud firther strengthenlinkages between provincial and lower level agricultur services,as well as with other supportinginstitutions. The projectwould reinforcethe Bank Group's policyand instiuional reform dialoguewith the Government, throughthe introductionof a numberof reformssuch as instituonal restructuringof the xension system,cost recoveryfor services,linkages between national, provincial and local level agrictural services,mantenance of price incentivesto farmers,and commercialization of enterprisesand services. Greateremphasis would be givento service,maitan, spares andoperator training for equipmentprovided under the project. Basedon experiencegained in the implementionof supportservice type projects involving considerable training and technical assistance,a longerdisbursement period than the standardprofile would be requiredfor this project.

F. PfOJWr FORMULAT[ONAND RTIONALE

1.33 Mostof China'scultivable land is alreadybeing exploited.Further growth in agriculturalproduction to meet the urgentneeds of the county's increasingpopulation must, therefore,necessarily come from the intensificationofland use, i.e., increasedyields and greater cultivationintensities. Such intensificationof productionsystems among the 200 million smallholderfarmers, who account for practically all of China'sagricultural outut, wouldrequire (a) appropriatepolicies to ensure the maintance of attractivefarm level incentives,(b) increasedinvestment in agriculture,(c) availabilityof qualityfarm inputs,and (d)development and timelytransfer to farmersof advancedtechnologies that addresstheir crop and animal productionconstaints. The Governmentrecognizes that the countrydoes not have adequate finmcialresources to invest heavilyin new irrigation,land reclamationand other capital Intensivemeasures to intensifyagricultural production. The Government's approach therefore, is to investin the developmentof scienceand technologyas a meansof increasingoutput In the short and mediumterm this trUnslatesinto the adaptationof existg improvedtechnology to local agriculturaloonditions and its disseminationto farmerson lands with potentialfor substata productionincreases. - 10-

1.34 PreviousBank Group intevendonshave dealt with specificaspects of the developmt of speaficsupport services such as agicultura research,agriculura educationand seedpoduction at a nationa level(or at leastwith a nationalfocus) as wetl as withprovincial agriculturaldevelopment projects having elements of suport to these sevices. A naiona agicultura supportservices project would extend the experiencesgained under these previous Bankprojects to new areas (e.g., vetinary, quarantineand qualitycontrol of inputs). Ihe projectwould also promotethe role of womenin tensionrelated actvities and affordthem greateraccess to trainingand job opportnites (para. 6.8). The projectwould support human capitaldevelopment and introduceappropriate technologies and tecdniquesto strengthenthe agriculturl supportservice system as a modelto be replicatedoutside the projectareas. -11 -

2 THE PROJECT AREAS

A. General 2.1 The proposedproject is nationalin scope, and would directlyor indirecty sre the agricultur servicesprovided by MOAand its provinc andlower level affiliates throughoutChina. Improvemensin nationalservices, such as thosedealing with quarantn, Inputquality control and information,would have an impacton the productionenvironment of farmersin the whole country. For these services,the projectarea is, therefore,the whole country. 2.2 Projectactilties to improvefield-level seices to farmers-suchas agotical etension, seed supplyand livestck field services,would directly benefit farmers in selected projectcounties in seleted provinces,including eight countiesin poor areas. It wouldalso indiredy benef farmersin the "nonproject'counties of the selectedprovinces by sengthening the capacityof each provinceand/or prefectwe to give technica supportto all its counties. Outsideof the selectedprovinces, project interventions are designedto createmodels that will have d on effectson nonprojectprovinces and institutionsand, as such,they canbe consideredto be nationalin scope. B. LoCANION

2.3 For the agrotechnicalextension component, project intervendions are proposed for ten provinces(Guangxi Hebei, Heilongiang, Hunam, Jiangsu, LiaonIng, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Shanghaiand Beijingmunicipalities), 13 prefecturesor municipalities,52 counties,and 649 townships.The seedscomponent would involve ten provinces,14 prefectures or municipalities, and 41 counties. Thelivestock services component woud covernine provinces, 18 prefctue or municipalities,56 counties,and 308 townsps. Projectprovinces, prefures/municipalities and countiesare shownon IBRI)Maps Nos. 23859, 23909, and 23910,and area statisticsand basicfeatures of the twelveprovinces selected for implentation of the differentfield service componentsare summarizedin AMi 1. 2.4 The selectionof projectareas for field serviceswas based on the criteriathat (a) the localgovermnents have crop and livestockproduction as a priorityin theirdevelopment plan; (b) the areashave high demonstaton value and representthe majoragroecological regions and firming systems;(c) the areas have highpotential for rapid increasein productionwith the improvementof support servicesalone and withoutinvestment in irrigationfacilities, soil improvement,input supply, storage, credt or marketg cities; and (d) theyare not covered by other smilar projects. - 12 -

C. SUPPORT SERVICES

2.5 ihe main instittona weaknes and constain which limi China's ablity to provideefficit ort servicesto fams are as follows:

2.6 Themajor weakmess in agriculturalaIniron is the lackof commnication and coordinato horizontallyamong technical bureau with differen speciaizatons and vertialy betweeannatonal technicalburea and their provincialcounterparts in given specities. Thishas resultedin duplicationof efforts,inefficiency in programexecution, and divetge objectives.There are alsotoo manybureaus or equivalenthnstitutions to be effectively manaed directly from the office of the Ministe of Agriculture. Arrangemen for Interrovnca coordinationof agriculturalservices and for monitoringand evaluadon, even for manyof MOA'sown programs, are weakto nonexstent Magement informationsystems as well as agricultura informationsystems for technical services (crop fioecing, dise monito , etc.) are fagmented and un ad. Ihe seriousdifficuties encountered in btWaft and cordinatingcrop and livetock productionsupport services at all ae levelsare an exampleof this. 2.7 An sbandry n. Siminarorganizaonal and adminisve constrints as fund underDOA are also apparentunder DAR and its provincialcounterparts, BAH;a lack of verical and horizoa communication;duplication of effort and inefficient program implemention; lack of clearly defined line agency responsibilitiesfor anmal produtcdon,health and supportservices; ovely extensiveadministrative inructures at the expen of serviceorientation; a lack of bIttutonal hands-ontraining for fieldpersonnel, and limiedaccess by DAHand BARstaff to farmersas the resultof limitedfield mobilit, lackof opeating budgets,lack of etension resourcesand field-directedtechnology trfer, espeially in animalproductin.he DAR and DMBinfastructes also sufferfrom a pre iance of animalhealth-directed programs, with animal production and supportservices takdag relativdy minorroles. Crop Sevces 2.8 A ltl ienon. Themajor weaknesses in agricultural extension services are structural. TheATECs at differe levelsdo not haveclearly defined functions. Each level tendsto haveduplicative functions and the staffhave unclear reponsibiities. Thesefunctions are otpropedy liad in anintegmted systm ableto backsopfrn-4ine extensionworkles with adaptedte cal messages,training or other typesof assce in solvingfarmers' problems andprovig feedbackof farme problemsupwards. Ihe systemis fiurter cnstained by lack of opeating fnds, nadequMeducation and trai of the field staffto enablethem to absorb sophisticatdtechologies, the lackof appropate exnsion methodsin the diss ion of new technologyto fars, and the lack of laboratory,training, coicatons and transport faciltes and equipment 2.9 AdaptiveR arh Researchinses carring out adaptivereearch workin reativeioolaton and considerabledupliat Few foml linkges ext betweena cultur research,educ and exnsi ResearchIntiutes ofienhave their own etension programs, and thdr staffsped consirble time, energyand resourcesrnnig them. Appliedresearch - 13 -

findingsat provinciaand prefectr leve are supposedto be tested,adapted to local,farm-level conditionsand passed on to extensionby the CATECs.However, CATECs do ot existin about halfthe countes, and wherethey do, they usuallyhave limited,poorly equipped staff assigned to cary out adaptiveresearch prgrams and have little direct contactwith the higher level researchinstitutes. There is no mechnism for Identiig urgent farm-levelproblems or promotingprograms of demand-drivenresearch. Technicalstaff have little or no trainingin on-fam, adaptiveresearch methods. The supporting laboratoTles at the CATEClevel are usually inadequatelyequipped, and CATECtechnical programs are frequentlyinterrupted by shortages of operatingfunds. 2.10 Seed Services. Constrains which affect China's seed industry include duplicationof functionsand responsibilitiesbetween seed production and seedcertification and regulation,inadequate regulatory procedures and lack of traned staff. Theindustry also suffers from lack of proper quality control and lacks adequatefaciities for seed testng, drtying, processingand storage.The seedmarkeXt systemis inefficientand lacksfinaneial autonomy from the Government. The Governmen'slong range plans caU for upgradingsome 300 importantseed centers throughout China, but so far only 18 havebeen modernized,under the previousBank-supported Seeds Project (Credit 1577-CHA). UvestockSeices 2.11 Livestock tion and Research. Extensionservices in China are by necessitycrop-oriented, and inadequateattention is givento livestockextension. Practically no on-farmadaptive research is carriedout on livestock.In general,etension staffinglevels are adequatebut staffare onlysemiskilled in biologicalsciences, with the resultthat basicconcepts of diseasecontrol, epidemiology and preventionare poorlyunderstod. Trainingschedules are plannedbut seldom executed due to inadequaterecurrent budgets. Coursecontents are generaly theoretical,and importantfields like extensionmethodology, communication skills and farm managementare rarey covered.Extension staff frequently have their extensionefforts diluted by nonextensiondemands. The flow of technicalinormation is constrainedby shortagesof technicaljournals and textbooks. nbrmationflow fromand betweenresearch and extension staff is poor and usuallytop-down. Interegional tehnical informationtransfer is particularly weak. 2.12 Townsip andcounty exsion officesoften lack the basic resources for efftive communicationof informationto famers. Staffoften lack basic tools and drugs for animal husbandaryprograms. Ihis situon stemsfrom the Government'spolicy of self-sufficiencyat all levelsand is aggavatedby the DAH's philosophyof providng total servicesto farmers (feed,product marketing and proesing) withoutthe necessaryresources. 2.13 VeterinaryField Services. Field exposure of veterinarystaff remains relatively limiteddue to transporaion and drug supplyshortage. As a result,veterinary field services havetaken on a passive,rather than active role. ITis lack of field exposurealso limitssample collectonand effectsdiagnostic laboratory operions, whichdeend on fieldspecimen inflows. Diseaseinvesgation in the field is chronicallyhampered by the lack of transportation,poor diagnosticskills and indequae diagnosticequipment. Knowledgeof epidemiologicaland veterinyecomic principlesis alsovtly absent,as these subjectsare not an officWpart of the vetrn curriculumLMost disease invesdgations, therefore, conDist of a basicstatistical anysis of the nidence andlor preaence of die. The inabilityto carryout disease - 14-

mappingand forecasting exercises and disease outbreakprojections has consequencesfor national vaccineproduction and disease control strategies. A mainconstraint found in manymanagement Inonation systemsis the techial Inabilityto convertinput data into Interpreted,anytic actionreports with resulting feedback to the lowerlevels. 2.14 FeedQuality ControlSeri. Feedtestig andquality control at the national and provinciallevels is constainedby limitedtestng budgets,expertise, field mobilityand organizationalfactors. Sincethere is no systemof paymentfor services,China National Burea for TechnicalSupervision (CNBTS) is in chronicfinancial difficulty. Greaterautonomy for CNCQSTFto chargefor tesdng wouldincrease the organization'sincentive to carry ou; its regulatorymandate. At present,laboratory resources are oftendiverted to industdaltesting as a sourceof incometo supportoperadng budgets. The projectwould initiate a systemof cost recoveryfor servicesand wouldstrengthen staff capabilitiesand laboratoryfacilities. The projectwould also promote the gradualtake over by feed millsof responsibilityfor their own in-housetesting, leaving regulatory spot checklngto governmentlaboratories.

2.15 Vderinary PharmaceuticalQuality Control. Ihe Insttutionsand legislative provisionsfor qualitycontrol of vetnary pharmaceuticalsand bioproductsare in place(para. 1.27). The NCIVBPdoes not provideroutine testng servicesto commercialproducers of veterinarypharmaceuticals and vaccinesand thereforeneither effectivelysupervises these enterprisesnor generatesfunds from testing and licensing fees. Suchgeneration of fees would ease its presentlack of facilitiesand equipment. 2.16 Vaccineproduction in Chinarequires significantupgrading. Local vaccine productionprimarily involves poultry virus andbacteria vaccines, with smaller amounts of pig and cattlevaccines. The qualityof poultryvaccines is variabledepending on the abilityto manintaincomnant-free replicationsubstrates for vaccinevhrus propagation, commonly carried out in specficpathogen free (SPF)eggs derived from isolatedSPF layerflocks. Thepresence I incubationeggs of conta t viruses/mycoplasmasor other pathogens seriously undermines vaccineefficacy and can cause diseaseoutbreaks upon vacination. To guard againstfhis eventuaity,poultry vaccine production requires significant upgrading in terms of SPFegg supply linked to stringentcontaminat monitoringcapabilities in vacine productionlaboratories. Vaccinehandling is also constrainedby lack of adequatethermos containers or ice in the field, and defectivestorage freezers and coldstorage rooms. 2.17 Lvestock Breeding. The lack of a singlenational livestock breeding agency witha mandateto overseenational stock improvement programs is a majorconstraint in Chinas effortsto upgradeand itensify livestockand poultryproduction. Heavy reliance on imported germplasmand breedingstock cannotreplace the indigenousgene pool requiredto upgrade nationalherd and flock numbers. Increasing reliance on the upgradingof domesticlivestock and poultrygene pools would be requiredto achievethis objective. Suchefforts are underwayin the dairy cattleindustry and, to a lesser extent,in the nationalpig population. The National LivestockGenetic Resource Center at BeijingUniversity would be responsibleunder the project for coordinatg breedingprograms. 2.18 Animaland plant QuarantineServices. Deficienciesin tehnical operations and quaant managementat NAPQShave in the past actedas an obstacleto the upgradingof China'sanimal and plant geneticresources and havealso resuted in heavylosses of livestock and plant productepots and breedingstock imports. The major constains are relatedto - 1S - outdated,cumbersome and obscure quarantine regulations and procedures;inadequate diagnosic laboratoryequipment and facilitlesfor ttng for animaland plant diseases;inapproprate or outaed testng methodologies;lack of plant quaane facilities;lack of a systemof rapid informationexchange on nadonaland aional quarantdnematters, and, aboveall, poorly aed staff whohave not been exposedto modernquarantine concepts and practices. Daft uarann laws were issued on October 31, 1991, and came into frce on Aprfl 1, 19. The updatedlegal infastructure would have to be matchedby upgradedphysical and human resource-baseddignostic systemsand reater ineraction with the intrntonal qua ne comuity. D. DESGNCoNSMRATos

2.19 A numberof considerationshave beentaken into accountin the designof the project. Themore importantof theseare discussedbelow. Project Focu 2.20 The foc is of the projectwould be on strengening institutionsthat provide supportsevices to farmes. As identifiedin paras. 2.6-2.18,weaknesses in these instttions affecttheir abilities to provideefficient services and constitutemajor constraints to improvements in the volumeand qualityof farmproducdon and in farm incomes. Supportsto other services of inportce to farmerssuch as markeing, irrigation,machinery services and distution of fertilizerand insecticidesare excluded,not only to keep the project within manageable proportions,but also becausethese services are providedby ministies other than the Minisy of Agriculture,and are beingsupported through other sources. Choiceof Componets 2.21 Severalconsiderations have guided the choiceof componentsfor theproject. The fast priority is given to strengtheninginsttions whichprovide support services. Highest prioritywould be to strengthenfield-level services, including county, township, and village crop and livestockexsion services,veterinary and preveniveanimal health services, and cetain aspectsof the inputsupply services. Also, the projectis concernedwith providing support to adapdveresearch, animal breed improvement,foundation seed production, training of field service personneland informationservices. Finally, MOA's managementcapacity and nationallprovincial-levelregulaory serviceswould be strengthened.Specific reasons for the selectionof the individualcomponents of the projectare discussedbelow. 2.22 At present, the MOA and provinal departmentsof agricultureand animal husbandryare not organizedor equippedto providesupport services efficiently. Restructring of someof MOA'sinstitutions, particularly the DOA,is necessary,including the creationof an etension managementcapacity, establishment of informationsystems, insitutional and resource supportto field services,and monitoringand evaluation. In addition,since MOA would coordinatethe implementionof the project,and the managementrequirements for this project are complex,arrangements must be madeto insurethat the organization,manpower, training, tehnical assistanceand relatedmanagement systems are in place in the MOAand provinc levelorganizadons. A reorganizationreview of the centralDepartment of AnimalHusbandry (DAB) and provinal Bureau of Animal Husbandry(BAR) was completedand deemed satisfactor at negodations. - 16 -

2.23 A reorganizationof the ATECsystem would be carriedout wihin projectunits. Onedimension of the proposedreorganization is flmctionaspecialization within various levels of the systemto avoid the cure duplicationof activities. Anotherdimension conces the restructuringof the systemat each level. First, the tecinicalsubject matter unit wouldbe reorganizedinto a unifiedsystem of adaptiveresearch and message development. Second, a new etension, tinin and conication unit wouldbe developedat each level to enable it to prepareappropriate publications and tWaingmaterials. Finally, syems of extensionlinkages with researchinstitutes, the agricuturaluniversities and with farmers wouldbe established (AnUex4). Thesenew structu arrangementsproposed are shownin Chart3. 2.24 The design of adaptiveresearch progrms would emphasizestrengthening ATEC'sadaptive research and technologytesting system so that generalrecommendaions can be tailoredto localneeds and provide demand-driven adaptive resech to anayze and address farm-levelproblems. The seed subcomponentwould contne and extend interventions commencedunder the WorldBank Groupsupported Seeds Project. The inclusionof seed industy developmentin the presentproject would provide an opportunityto movetowards commercializationof the operadonsof seedcompanies, strengthen foundation seed production, and separatethe regulatoryaspects of the industryfrom its productionand commercialaspects. 2.25 Themajor design considerations in cropand livestock field services concern what approachesto take and the scaleof the interventions.The approachto be pursuedthrough ftis projectwould be to buildon the strengthsof the curre systemand direct project inputs toward stregtheningweaknesses and alleviatingidentified consaints. Therefore,project activities and mnputswould involve rationalizing the organizationof the existngAIEC system,strengthening its infrastructurewhere necessary, upgrading the educationallevel as well as the technicaland etension skillsof frontlineextension workers, providing postgraduate education and adaptive researchtraing for subjectmatter specialists at the countyand prefecture levels, and improving extion linkageswith research insituaes, agricultura universities and farmeroiganizations. 2.26 The projectwould aim to providean ATEC modelwhich can be replicated outsidethe projectareas. To achievethis, it is importanttat the reorganizationof the services cover the whole extensionsystem. A pyramidalmodel comprisingof one PATEC, two MATECs,six CATECs and ten TATEShas been used for the selectionof ATECsto be included inthe project.Parallel pyramidal models have been proposed for seeds,livestock and veterinary services.A reviewof presentfacilities and manpower of selectedATECs would be carriedout. Theproject would finance facilities and training to enablethe ATECsaftr reorganizationto be fullyfunctional with respect to theirreassigned roles and responsibilities. 2.27 As for livestockfield services,emphasis would be on improvementsin the balanceof livestockproduction and healthservices, increased integration of the cropflivestock systemfor smallholders(crop and livestock extension programs would be fiuilyitegrated intwo project counties, includingjoint planningof extensionacties and shaing of training resources),improved adaptive research tcnologies and their transferto traditionalfarmers, improved livestock extension programs, metodology and communications,increased involvementof FarmerAssociations in the bottom-upplawi'iur of livestockservices and program development,and better field regulatory control of animalfeeds, vetnary drugs andvaccines. Nationalbreed improvement programs would also be better focussed and prioritized. Quaraine serviceswould be bettertrained and equipped,more responsiveto end-userneeds, and would operatein greaterharmony with their internationalcounterpart services. -17-

3 TUE PROJECT

A. GENERAL

3.1 The objectiveof the projectwould be to uist the Governmentin increasing agriculturalproducdon and farmers'incomes. Tis wouldbe achievedby s the iNions tat providesupport srvices to farmers. Ihe projectwould increa. the efficiency of their opeons andthe efectivenessof theirresearch, etension andother support progrms. TIe indirectresult of ftis improvementin instiutons and programswould be to irease the proctty and iensity of crop and lhvestockproduction.

*I. PRBOcr DESC ION

3.2 Ihe proposedproject would comist of sevenmajor components as Mlows: (a) Aicultre Mmnagent and liformation. Thiscomponent would restructure the atension servicesof the agricura detmes at the national,provinca andlocal levels, Improve their managmt capabilityand establishintrmatioun, netwokng and monhoringand evaluationsystems;

(b) Agriulual Eenion Svices. hi compone has been designed to: (1) organizethe ATECsystem to acieve futiona specializationby levd and subjectmatter Integration wilhin each level,and the creationof new extension,training and comunications units at SaUlevels, nationalto couny; (i) strenthen the physical resourcesof the ATEC sysem, inuding provisionof laboratory,training and office f"cides and equipment,and vehiclestO inrease staffmobility; (Ii) improvethe humanresources of the ATECsystem dtough the provision of bothin-service education and training to upgradethe capacityof Ihe ATEC staffand to mneasetheir job specificskills and knowledge;

(rv) strenthen the ATECs'abilty to boti tailorgeneral recomtons to local needs daptivereseach and tecnology tesng and alo address farmlevel problems thrwogh demand-driven resech programing; and . 18-

(v) strengthenextension linkages with research Itutes, agricultural universitiesand colleges,and farmersthrough an expandednetwork of farmerassociations.

(c) SeedSupply Seric. IThefocus of this componentwould be on strehening county-levelseed companies to increasethe quanty andqua: y of seedsupplied to farmers. The projectwould reorganizeproject seed centers to separateseed productionfrom certificationand regulationand wouldprovide equipment, faciltiesand training to the oanized center and commercializedcompanies. The projectwould assist the latterIn improvingcommercial performance.

(d) lIvestock ServIcs. This componentwould support: () LivestockField So-vices. The stengthening of direct servicesto frmers, includinganima productionand health services, Animal Husbandryand Vetriny Serice Centersand extensionand breeding servicesfor smallholdersthrough upgrading of facilities,equipment and training; (ii) lIvestock Support Activities. Investmentswould be providedto establisha NadonalAnimal Husbanry and Vetrinary ServiceCenter (NAHVSC),a specificpathogen free (SPF)vaccine egg productionunit in Nanjing,a NationalPlant and LivestockGeneic ResourceCenter underCAAS and a NationalVeterinary Diagnostic Reference Laboratory with Epidemiologyand Libary Units under Beijing Agriculura University(BAU).

(e) National Animal and Plant Quarantine Services. This componentwould improveChina's access to the quaratne-relatedinformation of other counties, streamlineits controlprocedures against the ety of exoticpests and diseases and increase its exposureto moder quarantne concepts,procedures and praces throughtraiing, improvediormation systemsand the upgradingof laboratoryand quarantinefacilities.

(f) QualityControl and RqeulatoryServices. Thiscomponent would support: (i) developmentof effective regulatory and monitoring services for fertilizersand psicides;

(ii) establishmentof provincialseed testng laboratoriesand improvement of provincialand prefecturalinspection facilities;

(iii) upgradingof the humanand physicalresources of the NationalControl Instiute for Veerinary Bioproductsand Pharmaceaticalsand nine provincialcenters;

(iv) upgradingof the humanand physicalresources of the ChinaNational Center for QualitySupervision and Testingof Feed (CNCQSTF)in Beijing,and nineproviia centers; (v) the establishmentof a new NationalCenter for Quality Control of Veterina Equipmentunder the NAHVSC,and

(vi) the establishmentof a new NationalCenter for Quality Control of VeterinaryProducts, also underthe NAHVSC.

(f) Project n t. Te projectwould strengthen aional and provincial projectcoordination offices by providingequipment, facilities, training, technical assistace and studytours. C. DrAMED FEATURES

AgriculturalAdministration 3.3 M!anagementServices. Technicalassi ncefor the restructuringof the DOA is underway. Therestructuring and strengtheningof t., DAHand NATECwould be assisted by the provisionof technicalassistance comprising 4 person monthsof an internationally recruitedconsultant and 5 person monthsof local consultants. Initially,an iternationally recruitedagricultural institutions expert would be workingwith a localmanagement consultant to cary out a review and analysis of the DAH and to prepare a report contning recommendationson the organizationstrucure and linkageswhhin the DAHIfor effective deliveryof supportservices to farmers. Ihis workwould be basedon the broadproposals made in this report. Restuctring and strengtheningwould be facilitatedby overseastraining and stdy tours [72 personmonths (p.m.)J for seniorstff fromDOA, DAH,NAPQS and the ten provincesand otherlevels participating in the project.At nepoatiaons,assurances vere obtaied thatNAIEC and DAMwould be reorganizedon the basisof .n organizatonalstruture agreed withIDA to be comnpetedby June 30, 1994. 3.4 Overallupgrading of MOA'smanagement services would be doneby hitensive uainig (390p.m. of localand 220p.m. of in-servicerefresher training). The internaltining is mainlyaimed at improvinglanguage and computerskills. Languagetraining courses of six monthsduration would be providedto 30 nationaland 40 provincialofficers at recognized Chineselanguage training institutions. Training courses of one month'sduration in computer softwareoperations (DOS, word processing, spreadsheets, data bases) would be providedto 195 nationalofficers by the InformationCenter of MOA. Advancedcomputer programming and informationsystems management training of two monthsduration would be providedto S nationaland 15 provincialofficers by selectedChinese institutions. In-service training (40 p.m. for nationaland 180 p.m. for provincWofficers) would be providedfor officersto attend in-servicecourses, workshops and seminas directedat upgradingtheir skillsin management servicesand informationsystems. 3.5 AgriculturalInornmation System. Plans for strengtheningthe agricultural informationsystems in the MOAare summaizedineAm 6. Theseplans were originally preparedby an informationsystems planner, with the assistanceof the InformationWorking Groupthat hasbeen established in MOAfor thisproject. Theseplans were modified somewhat to pursuea decentralizedapproach that would be more cost-effective in providingcomputing and informationserAces to the paricipatingunits. Thedepartments and units would still have access to the informationcente's computingand technicalassistance resources through high speed modems. A comparableapproach to computingand agriculturalinformation services is being -20 - pursuedat the provinciallevel. Overseastraining (12 p.m.) wouldbe providedfor hardware designand local area networking.ITree p.m. of intematlonaland 4 p.m. of localtechnical assistmcerelated to projectpreparation/impuentation support, would be pwvidedto assistIn the preparationof hardwareand softwarefncional andtechnical specifications, staff trning, and preparationof database management prgrams.

Agrotechnlcal Exnson SevIces 3.6 Under this component,the project would rationalizeand strengthenkey institutionsand linkagesof the agrotechnicalextension system at the NATEC in MOA headquarts and in approximately13 prefectures,52 countiesPod 649 townshipsacross 10 provinces.Specific dimensions of the projectfollow: 3.7 Reorganizingand Strengtheningthe ATECSystem. To eliminatethe existig duplicationof activitiesamong different levels in the agrotechnicaltechnical extension system and the consequentinefficient use of resources,its organizationalstructure would be modified by assigningspecialized, but verticallyintegrated functions to eachlevel of the ATECsystem. Withineach level, functionalintegration of the subjectmatter specialists (SMS) would be effectedby combiningthe soil and fertilizer,plant protection,and food/cashcrop production unitsinto a single,integrated division under the leadershipof an experienced,broadbased SMS. The majorfunctions recommended for eachsystem level are describedin the WorkingPaper for AgrotechnicalExtension Centers in the projectprofile (Annex 12). The structuralarrangements for this reorganizedsystem are givenin Chart 3. 3.8 The projectwould also createnew extensiontraining and communicationsunits fromthe nationalto countylevels of the system. In addition,linkages with research institutes and agriculturaluniversites would be improvedthrough the establishmentof extension committeesand consultancyarrangements, on the one hand, and withfarmers, through farmer studygroups and associations,on the other. The basicoutline of the proposednew structural arrangementsis illustratedand describedin the aboveWorking Paper. In orderto assistin the transformationof the proposedorganizational structure into a functionalATEC system, an institutionaldevelopment technical assistance team, comprising internaional (15 p.m.) and local (34p.m.) consultantswould be eligiblefor retoactivefinancing. Terms of referencefor these technicalassistance services are givenin Annex10. 3.9 The NATECand the selectedproject units at the lowerlevels (see para. 3.6), wouldbe expectedto serveas a replicablemodel for evenully strengtheningthe entireATEC systemin China. As a demonstrationof the reorganizedsystem, each projectUnit would be providedwith a modestlevel of capitalinputs for trainingand staff development, to enablethem to be fiuly functionalwith respect to their assignedroles and responsibilitiesafter the reorganization.In general,each project unit wouldreceive the followingtypes of inputs: 3.10 CivilWorks. Fundswould be providedunder the projectto expandor upgrade ATEC training centers, office facilities and laboratoriesat the national, provincial, mnumcipal/prefecture,county and townshiplevels. At the nationallevel, this wouldinclude a 6,800 m2 building to house the new unified agrotechnical service division, including the reorgaized NATECand the otherproduction management and regultory units. The additional buildingrequirements for training, laboratoryand office space at the PATEC, MATEC, CATEC,and TATESlevels have been .,dmated by applyingnorms for the buildingspace -21 -

reuired at eachlevel, In relationto the volumeof taning to be conducted,the numberof soil, plant and other analysesto be completedon an amual bass, andthe number of staffto be accomoe and then subtg the respecdvefacilities that are alreadyavailable at each projectsite. It is esimatedt the projectunits to be fundeduader this projectwould include about2,500 m: of civilworks for each PATEC,1,250 m 2 for each MATECand CATEC,and about 140ne for eachTATES to providea farmertrWaining classroom. 3.11 Equipmentand Vehicles. For each level of the ATEC system,the project would provide appropriatetraining equipment, as well as audiovisual(A-V) equipmentto producea widerange of trainingand extensionmaterials; laboratory and field equipmentto supportthe on-farmadaptive research program, and to upgradediagnostic (plant protection) and soil testingservices to farmers;and vehiclesin supportof on-farmresearch and demonstration acdvities.Specifically, the projectwould supply NATEC with one video production unit, a fully developedpublication facility with two offsetpress and the necessaryprinting and binding equipment,a completeset of A-Vequipment for the NATECtraining center, computers, office equipmentand furniture and transport. Also the Central AgriculturalBroadcasting and TelevisionSchool (CABTS) would receive support to upgradeits videoproduction equipment to mest national(education) television stndards. 3.12 In eachPATEC, a videoproduction unit wouldproduce trainivg videos for use in the in-servicetraining program of CATECsand TATES, and for broadcaston provincialTV and for exdhangewith other provinces. The video productionunits beingprovided to each PATEC would be shared with fteir respectiveProvincial Agricult Broadcastingand TelevisionSchools to enablethese unitsto produceand duplicatevideo tapes for use by the countyand townshipschools throughout each province. A basic A-V trainingequipment package,a modestprinfing capability, fiuniture, books, training materials and microcomputers wouldalso be suppliedto each PATEC. Sixvehicles per PATECwould be providedto meet the transportrequirements. In addition,each PATEC would be equippedto carryout on-farm, farming systemsresearch and crop managementresearch traing for MATECand CATEClevel SMSs. 3.13 The projectwould strengthen about two MATECsper provinceto enablethem to conductfiaming systems-oriented adaptive research, coordinate and promote the exchangeof informationon adaptiveresearch, supervise the on-farm constraint analysis and adaptiveresearch programsof CATECs,and to monitorthe resources,activities, and ongoingprograms being conductedby eachCATEC and TATESin the prefecure. Also, projectfimding would cover: civilworks, A-V and print media equipment; upgrading the soilsand fertilizer, plant protection, and agronomylaboratori to a commonacceptable standard; and vehiclesto supportthe adaptiveresearch and outreachactivities of the selectedMATECs. 3.14 Aboutsix CATECsper province(three per municipality)would be strengthened underthe project.The project would provide civil works, fnimnp, and requisitetraining and prnt mediaequipment. Agrotechnical laboratory equipment would be upgradedto enablethe CATECto carry out a larger volumeof soil and plant analyses,to developa diagnostic laborantoryfor plant protection,to providebasic test plot equipmentfor on-fam constrait anaysis and adaptiveresearch, and to providea microcomputer,software and accessoriesfor data analysis. Also, a recom ed vehiclepackage for each CATECwould be supplied. Trining and communicationsequipment would be suppliedto about 10 TATESper CATEC, plus about l40 m2 of civilworks would be providedfor a firmertraining classroomand sales -22 -

officeas wellas a twincab to facilita staffmobility at eachselected TATES. Detailedlists of equipmentand vehicles needed by projectunits at eachlevel are specifiedin the ATECWorking Paperlocated in the projecttiles andsmmaized in the cost tables. 3.15 Approximately24 CATECswould obtain loans from the ABCto establishor expandfertilizer blending plants and to operatethem as independt commercialentities. The rationaleand detaiLsfor thispilot project are descibedin Annex9. Theseplants would produce compoundfertilizer formwlated to meetlocation specific requiements, based on on-farmresearch results (and soil/foliaranwlyses). Ihe objectivewould be to generaterecurrent fiuds to supplementthe anual programbudget of participatingCATECs. This pilot projectwill be carefullyevaluated by the commercializedagricultural services unit in the reorganizedNATEC and, if successful,then this unitwould disseminate infmation on this typeof commercialized agriculturiaservices activity to other CATECsin the country. 3.16 TaIning and TehnicalAssisan The NATECwould be reinforcedto fufil its expandedextension role throughM.Sc. degree training of four subjectmatter specialists and withanother 12 SMSsreceiving a two year combinedtechnical/extension postgraduate course at the BeijingAgriculturl University(BAU). These individualswould becomethe leading tecbnicalspecialists/trainers in their respectivesubject matter areas withinthe new integrated technicalunit of the reorganizedNATEC. An additional20 staffmembers from the Extension SupportUnit wouldbe sent for a one-yeardiploma course in differentareas of extension education/managementat BAU. Technicalsupport staff would be trained for one to twomonths in the useof newA-V equipment provided under the project. A one-monthoverseas study tour has been progamed for three senior staff membersof the NATEC; additionalextension specialistswould be sent for study tours to observethe organizationand use of farmer associationsin otherAsia counties. 3.17 In additionto the consultantsrequired to plan and implementthe institutional developmenttechnical assista for the reganizaon plan (para.3.8), one foreignagricult taiing specialistwould be requiredfor a total of 3 p.m. and one local specialistwould be neededfor a totalof 21 p.m. to carry out a skll-lgapanalysis that wouldbe used in preparing provincialand overallmaster training plans. Also,three p.m. of foreignand threep.m. of local consultantswould be requiredto assistin orderingand instling the A-Vequipment, and then in trainingthe staffin its effectiveuse. Fundswould also be madeavailable to allowNATEC to accessthe serices of agnculturaluniversities and researchinstitutions in carryingout special stdies, undertakingjointresearch projects (e.g., Rhizobium,mycorthiza, zero tilage, etc.), and preparingtraining packages or modulesfor trainingthe ATECstaff. 3.18 At the PATEClevel, the project would provide funding for three to four M.Sc. degreecandidates, eight two-year technical/extension training courses, eight one-year diploma courses in extensioneducation/management at BAU, a one-monthoverseas study tour for PATECdirectors, a four-monthshort course for five SMSs/trainers(including one adaptive researchspecialist from each PAAS)at the IntemationalRice ResearchInstitute (IRRI) and a armerassociation study tour for two extensionspecialists. Technical support staff, such as the A-V productionstaff, would be sent for one month short courses. Technicalassistance (domestic)would be provided to help plan and install the new video, training, and communicationequipment. Also, at the PATEClevel, a specialfund would be set up to finance joint researchprojects, and for the preparationof trainingmodules with PAAS and universities. -23 -

3.19 In orderto upgradeon-he-job skills and knowledge of the MATECstaff to cary out faring systemsoriented adaptiveresah, and to monitor and coordinateCATEC programs,a standardin-country training packag is proposed. Similarly,at the CATEClevel, agm-techicl SMSswould be trainedto carryout and analyzeon-farm adaptive research trials and laboratorythician wouldbe trainedto performthe necessy laboratoryanalyses. Diplomalevel trainn wouldbe providedfor extensiontrainers and short courseswould be providedfor personel in the trainingand communications unit. Allfarmer technicians assigned to the TATES,but lackingat least a CABTSqualification, would be findd to completethis requirementon a part-imebasis. Detailsof proposedtraining and technical assistance programs at differt levels are given inAm 3. 3.20 Integratedpest management(IPM) is a key technologywhich would be purued withinthe ATECcomponent. IPM pilot projects,involving rice, cottonand vegetableswould be implementedin sixpwvinces. These projects would further strenghten research and extension linkagesby directlyinvolving three natonal researchinstutes that deal with rice, cottonand vegetables.Farmer associations (FAs) in the projectareas wouldbe organizedand utilizedto help Implementthe IPM programs. Fundshave been allocatedfor the six pilot projectsand NATECis developingspecific proposals for IDAreview at negotiations. 3.21 Theproject is givi.g particularemphasis to the organizationof FAs in bothcrop and livestocksectors. TheseFAs are aready springingup throughoutthe country but with varyingdegrees of succes. Theproject would fund a seriesof acies, includinga studyof FAs in China (alreadyunderway), a studytour of FAs in other Asian countries,a national workshop,and pilot projectsto developand testthe mostappropriate methodology and models for establishingFAs troughout the projectarea and country. CATECsand TATESwould establishadvisory committees and panelsfor farmersto havea directinput into the formulation of adaptiveresearch progruns and in guidingand evaluatingextension programs. It is expected that FAs would developa close workingrelationship with the county level Scienceand TechnologyCommissions that fund research-ension projectsthat are proposedby each CATEC. Throughthese different types of intaction, farmerswould have a directimpact on ormuatin adaptiveresearch-ension prioritiesand programs. Asuranes wereobained t FA acties wouldbe carIed ot wuderterms of referenceand timng agreedwith DA.

Seed SupplySeores 3.22 The supplyof qualityseed to farmerswould be improvedby strengtheninga representive cross-ectionof the seedindustry comprising 10 provinciaseed companies,14 prefetual/municipalseed companies and 41 countyseed companies. 3.23 The overallmanagement of the seedcompany program would be undertakenby the NSS, whichwould coordinate and superviseall provinciallevel acies and amrangefor overseasand in-countrytraining, overseas study tours andtechnical assistance in collaboration withthe centralProject Management Office (PMO). At provinciallevel, the provinci seed companywould set up a technicalworking group of all participatingseed companiesin the provin to coordinateproject activities. Individualcompanies would managetheir own programs.The rolesand responsibilitiesof the seedinstitutions at differentlevels in the system wouldbe redefined.The NSSwould also niiate commercialdevelopmeft of the seedindustry, to be implementedby stages. Threeto four countyseed companies would be selectedas 'pilot projects"for the commercalizationof the seedindustry, and a consultantwould be engaed to -24 -

assis in drawingup plansfor ntrcounty seedtrade, as wellas establhing proper accounig sym for use in settingseed prioes. Assuranceswere obined that a pilot programfor conmercdalizationthe seed lndustty woud be sulbWd to IDAfor reiew byJuly1, 1994and implmnted thereafteras agreedwith the Associaon. 3.24 The proposedfacilities at the variousseed companies/stationshave beenbased on a carefulassessment of needsof each company. Specialattention would be givento the anticipatedthroughput of seeds. Completesets of seedprocessing and packdngequipment are proposedfor each uit and wouldinclude: an airsceen and indentcylinder cleaner, a grvity table, a chemicalapplicator, a packagingmachine, elevators, dust extractionequipment and electricalpower supply. Ihe pacddngequipment should range from 0.5 kg to 50 kg and include bothplastic and power packs. The gravitytable would only be provided,where necessary, for the productionof basicor foundationseeds. Constructionof additionalconcrete drying floors wouldalso be undertaken(500 m 2 of floorarea per prefecturestation and 1,000r 2 per county company, including100 mn2 of office space and 100 ni2 seed shop).

3.25 Ihe projectwould support the constructionof seedstorage facilities to augment thosewhich already exist in seedstatons/companlies at all levels. Cold roomfacilities would be constructedat provincialseed stations for storageof breederseed (40e 2 of floor area) and at prefecuralseed stations for storageof foundationseed (100 m 2 of floorarea). Cmntyseed companywarehouses for commercialseed would be increasedby 750 m2lcompanyto accommodatethe anticipatedincreases in productionand the strategicstorage of hybridcultivars requiredby governmentpolicy.

3.26 The seed regulatoryfunction and associatedtesting would be separated adminstrativelyfrom the seedproduction system and built up as an independentservice (see paras.3.64-3.65). However, seed testg facilitiesfor purposes of intenal qualitycontrol would be established(or improvedas the casemay be) in all prefectureseed stations and countyseed companiesto monitorseed quality from preharvest through to the pointof saleto farmers. The equippingof seed laboratorieswith a full range of instrumentsfor seed sampling,moisture testing and 1,000 grain weight,germiation and physicalpurity deteminationswould be standardizednationally. In addition,county level laboratories would be equippedto undertake varietalpurity detminations by biochemicalmeans, in orderto determinethe levelof hybridity of hybridseed of certaincrops (especially coM). Laboratorybuildings are generallyavailable at seedcompanies and no fundsfor buildingswould be provided.

3.27 Training and TechnicalAsstan Theproject would assist the management andteclhical development of personnelat all levels. iernational traiig wouldbe provided at a recognizeduniversity for two seniorstaff members from the NationalSeed Station (NSS) to stdy macromanagementof the seedindustry, leading to a M.Scdegree (24 p.m.) A special trainingin seed enterprisemanagement would be designedfor countyseed company managers at a universityin Thailand(10 p.m.). Twospecialy selected seed analysts would be sentto the Danishlttute of SeedTesting to gain experiencein seed laboratoryestablishment and the developmentof qualitycontrol systems (12 p.m.). Localtaining at M.Sc, B.Sc and diploma levelsin all aspectsof the seedindustry would be providedfor 264 individuals.These courses wouldbe held at agriculturaluniversities and collegesin Chia. Technicalassistance for instiMionaldevelopment would be provided for (a) quality control (10 p.m.), (b) seed producdon(10 p.m.), (c) seed companyman_aent in financia and accounig matters (20p.m.); this wouldinclude the operationof microcomputersprovided under the projectand - 25 -

trainingin boththe tchnical andbusiness aspects of seedenterprise management, and (d) seed processing-designand constructionof newprocessing facilities. The terms of referencefor tis trainingprogra was agreedupon at negotations.

Lvestodk Swvice

3.28 Is componentwould include: (a) the strengening of livestockfield seices and (b)investms in livestocksupport activides. Trainig programsfor nationaland provincial subcomponens,and a scheduleof intenaional technicalassistance inputs is providedin A 3. The livestockservices componentwould cover nine provinces, 18 prefectres or municipalities,56 countdes,and 308 owns p. 3.29 eri on. The core organizationalchange would be the amalgamation of 23 existingamintrtive unitsin MOA'sDepartment of AnimalHusbandry and Veterinary Servicesand NationalGeneral Station of Anima HusbandryInto four overseeingDivisions of AnimalProduction, Animal Health, Livestock Support Services and Administration.Animal Producdonand AnimalHealth wouldbecome more balancedadminisraive counterparts (in favor of animtnlproduction), supported by commonservice and administaive unis. Two internationayrecruited consultants, working with local counterparts and supervisedby the team leaderof the DAHrestruct mission(para. 3.3), wouldbe recruitedfor up to two person- monthseach to studytwo selectedprovinces and the centralDAH. The resultng reportwas approvedby DAHand approved by IDAat negotiations.I wi formthe basisfor reorganization of DAH.

Uvestock leld Services 3.30 AIma Husbandryand Vderinary ServiceCentr Networlk The project wouldstrengthen the livetock field senices at the national,provincial, prefectural, county and townshiplevels through the developmentof a networkof AnimalHusbandry and Veteinary ServiceCenters (AHVSCs) at eachlevel. At the nationallevel, NAHVSCfacilities (6,970 ml) wouldbe constructedto house: (a) a technicaltraing center( associationwith the proposed NATECheadquarters), a data managementcenter, an audiovisualand mediacommunications unit, and an audiovisu van for the productionand mutiplicationof livestockproduction teachingmaterials, livestock extension, infomaion systms and audiovisualpreparaon, (b) a nationalveterinary reference laboratory (1,000 m) to be located at the E wU,and (c) a Livestock-PlantGenetic Resource Center. 3.31 The NMHVSCtranng centerwould contain al ncessary facilities,(kItchen/ diningrooms, seminar rooms, libary, etc.) to meetthe needsof 30 traineesand fivetrainers. Both county and prefectre staff would receivea portionof their trainingat this center. Incrementastaff nputsat AHVSCswould include audiovisual specialists and computer managers to run the data maagent units. Assistac wouldbe providedin developinglocation-specific data managementsoftware.

3.32 Te Na4onalVetrny D1agosdcReference L boratorywould be builton the campusof BAUto serveas a referenceresource for provia veeinary diagnosticlaboratories and wouldinclude pathology, bacwtiology, virology, serology, parasitology, biochemistry and media preparatstizaon secdons. The laboratorywould also housea nationaldisease Investigaionunitand a library. A directorand laboratory staff (5 postgraduateand 10 graduate .26 -

technicians)would be recruited, and the necessary equipmentand a desk top computer would be supplied. Vehicleswould be provided for field investigationwork.

3.33 At the proWncidalevel, nine AHVSCswould be developedto include: a 200 mu veteinary diagnostic laboratory with postmortem facilities; a training center able to accommodate40 resident trainees; a data processing office with a personal computer; an extension media preparation unit; a combined feed and veteinary drug quality control laboratory,offices and equipmentstorage facilities. Appropriateaudiovisual equipment, office and training equipment and laboratory equipment including a personal computer, would be provided. Vehicles would be provided for field investigationand training purposes. The provincial laboratory would engage in similar, but less sophisticated,diagnostic work as the national certer and provide practicaltraining to prefecture and county level laboratories.

3.34 Teams would be establishedat the provinciallevel to plan a livestock adaptive research progm and integrated livestock extension services, focussing particularly on the devepimnentof appropriateforage, animalhusbandry and integrated crop/livestockproduction technologiesand worldng closely with the species evaluationprogram to be developedby the nationalGenetic Resource Center (para. 3.47). Two pilot areas would be selectedfor integrated crops and livestockextension services. Proposals for the integrationof the two services would be discussedwiffi IDA at negotiations.

3.35 Prefecture evel project support would be confined to about two prefecture AXVSCsper project province (exceptBeijing, Guangxi,Heilongjiang, Sichuan and Shaghai). Each existing center would be expandedto include a 240 m2 veterinary diagnosticlaboratory withpostmortem facilities; a training center; a combinedfeed and veterinarydrug quality control laboratory;a data processingoffice; an extensionmedia preparation unit; and officesand storage facilities. The laboratory would be equipped to carry out routine diagnostic bacteriology, parasitology,serological tests andsimple biochemical analysis in supportof diseaseinvestigations by prefecture and county field staff and routine disease surveillance. EU-SA(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay) diagnostickits would be used wheneverappropriate to improve accuracy and minimize laboratory overhead. Specimens requiring more sophisticatedexamination or analysiswould be forwardedto the provinciallaboratory.

3.36 The prefecture diagnostic and disease investigationstaff would assist the provincialstaff in epidemiologyand diseasesurveilance programsby coordinatingthe field work of countyveterinary teams. County-basedadaptive research programs would be supervisedat prefecture level by a team selectedfrom existingDAH staff and universities. As at provincial level, prefectural AHVSC staff would be equippedfor an appliedforage research program.

3.37 At the county lvel, each AHVSC would include:a 140 im2 veterinarydiagnostic laboratory with postmortem facilities; a training center accommodating30 trainees and five trainers, with associatedkitchen, dining, library and other facilities;a data processingoffice; an extesion media preparationunit, and service areas and facilities.

3.38 Countylaboratores would be equippedto carry out simplediagnostic techniques in bacteriology(excluding culture work), routine parasitology,slide agglutinationtests, ELISA tests for surveillancework, and the use of suitablediagnostic kits for field investigations. The anma health and production serices at count level, in collaborationwith township staff, would be responsiblefor implementationof most of the field work for the veterinarydiagnostic, -27 - diseasesurveillance, and livestockmnitoring programs. They wouldalso be responsiblefor county-leveladptive researchand exteion activities,supported with in-service technical and extensiontraining of staff,vehicles for traiing and field work,training, adaptive research and forageresearch equipment and increment recurrentcosts. Theproject would also provide50 m2 for animalbreeding units at pig Al semencollection and cattle breedingcenters, and laboratoryequipment for routine semen examination, and storage and sterilization of instruments.

3.39 The colddcin vaccinedWbudon system would be rehabilitatedand extended underthe projectto ensurethat vaccinesare maintand at the cofrecttemperature from their pointof productionto farmlevel. Freezersand refrigeratorswould be providedat prefecture, countyand townshiplevels, ice boxesand vaccinestorage containers at countyand township levelsand a refrigeratedvan ad, whereappropriate, a mobilecold storage laboratory unit at prefecturelevel. 3.40 Ihe projectwould support pwldpIetoc serices throughinvestments in towns-hlpAHVSCs. To encouragethe trend towardscost recoveryfor servicesand increasing commercializationof these centers, some could be regsteredas enterprisesto makethem eligible for businessloans, with any futureinvestments based on creditfrom the AgriculturalBank of China. Townshipstaff would receive comprehensive training at countylevel in such sklls as clinicaldiagnosis, sampling techniques, treatment, and farm hygiene. This wouldbe backedup withstrong support by countylevel staff for planningand superiion of livestockextension and disease control programs. Farmer training would also be providedto selected project demonstrationhouseholds and Fam Associationsat both couty and townshiplevels. It is envisagedthat township level extension and veterinaryservices would evenully be providedon a conual basisby townshiplivestock cet enterprises.Vilage farmertechnicims would be provided with biweekly 112to 1 day training sessions at county or townshipgovenment expense. 3.41 Trainingand TechnicalAssistance for Livetock Field Serviceswould include substantaltri inputs in the form of domesticand internationalstudy tours, technical affliadons,post gaduate progms and in-servicetraing. Muchof the trainingwould focus on animalhealth, animalproduction, livestock extension, and managementpertaining to the provincia livestock upport programs adminstered by the AHVSCsat the provincial, prefectul, countyand townshiplevels. The totaltraining program for field serviceswoud encompass8,537 p.m. (Annes3!. 3.42 Domestctraing wouldconsist of 521p.m. of studytours relatedto improved animal health and productiontechnology; 2,832 p.m. of training in livestock exteion methodologyfor field extesion agents;an equal alotmt to the establishment,through the AHVSCs,of a livestockproduction/disease monioring ad evaluationsystem; 177 p.m. in 1- yearpostgraduate training; 1,482 p.m. havebeen reserved for trainingactivities to be deterined during the courseof the project. A total of 77 p.m. has been allocatedfor the trainingof taining managers.

3.43 TechnkclAssAsc for Ins aIrl Delpment has been allocatedto brig specaists in a rangeof animaldisease and production and feed qualitycontrol specialties to the provincesto providegroup training to localspeciaists. A total of 15 p.m. has beenreserved for this purpose;5 p.m. of this allocationis to be basedon furtherneed assessments.Local -28-

tdical assstuce wouldbe providedthough 61 p.m. of computer rammingin support of the establishmetof a livestockprodcdon/disas Infomationsystem which would serve to pride baseline and other datafor ilvestigatIon, reatory and statsticalpurposes. lvestodckSpport Aedvites 3.44 Under thi submponent, he projectwould finance the developmentof the followingseleced productlactivities in supportof the fieldservices: 3.45 SWFEgg Producion. An SPF egg productionficility would be establishedat the NanjingVteriny Bioroduct and InstrumentPlan Theproject would fund the building for the egg productionplant (1,555mi), an air condtoning unit; the specializedequipment necessaryfor the egg production,and the laboratoryequipment requied for the routinetestig of birds. 3.46 Ivaetk-Plant GeneticRoreoI Center. This Centerwould support and coordint breedimprovement progrms at natona leveland would be responsiblefor livestock ad foragegermplasm strage, evaluationand development Ihe project would fund the constructionof a centerat the BeijingInstitute of AnimalScience of the CAAS,which would inude animalembryo/semen and foragegermplasm storage banks; smen, embryoand forage germplasmlbrtries, and a datamanagement unit. Laboratoryand liquid nitogen equipment wouldbe supplied. Vehicleswould be providedfor in-seice trainingand field programs. Incrementalstaffing would includea computermanager, two biometiciansand an animal geneticist 3.47 A newLtwato* ProductsTesdngLaboratory and Veteay Iuwnn Testing Laboratoy would be establishedwithin the NadonalAHVSC to ensure the qualirtyand regibtro of livesCk productioneqipme and other productsto be used in all MOA faciites. hesefunctons wereheretofre carriedout on a limitedscale by other, non-MOA inSst .

3.48 IhIng andTeccl Assanefor L vesockS*pport Servce is dikled in domestc and teraona raining,and the provisionof inteaional technicalassistance. Trainig involvesthe nationalAHVSC, the two qualitycontrol centers, the nationalvetediny diagosdc referen laboratory,the geneic resourcecent, and the SPF unit. 3.49 Domestc Trainng. Managementtrang, in the formof seniormanagemeat traiing for cente directs (200p.m.), laboratorymanagemt (40p.m.), projectmanagement by nation PMO staff (80 p.m.), livestockproduction management for nationalprogrm dieto (100 p.m.), and computermanagement (200 p.m.), wouldrepresent an important component Trainingin a rangeof tebnical topicsrdated to disese investigation(75 p.m.), livestockextenion (300p.m.), feedproduction (80 p.m.) andlaboratory technology (200 p.m.) wouldprovide s upgrding for nationa center tehical stas. Specialized Wainingin getmplasmpr technology(32 p.m.), advancedepidemiology (15 p.m.), SPF egg poduction nd monit (10 p.m.), and fedlphamc qualitycontrol tesng (45p.m.) wouldspcifcally beneft tehnia staffin dignosdc andquality control centers, and wouldbe nked to innatona technica assistanceinputs to prove foow up support. -29-

3.50 TntnanalrludIg. A tot of 217 p.m. wouldbe allocatedto overseas trining, ncudn 34 p.m. in stdy toursto internationaltechmical Insttutes. Retrnees would serveas taner trainers,so thatoverseas training skills can be thenspread through the multiplier efect. Shortterm technicalatahments (105 p.m.) to be carriedout in a singlelocation wowd servethe samefmcton. Overs B.Scprogram wouldinclude 24 p.m.; SPFtraining 4 p.m., and qualitycontrl training,50 p.m.

3.51 Internatonal Techical AsIstanee. Under the livestocksupport services program,a totalof 25 p.m. of interationaltechnical assistance for Institudonaldevelopment has beenallocated to the nationalcenters for feedand veery parmaccals qualitycontrol (12 p.m.); SPF egg production(9 p.m.); laboratorymanagemen, disease investigation, animal breen and foragedevelopment (4 p.m.). Animaland Plant QuarantineSrices 3.52 Thiscomponent would aim to ewposeCinas quaranie servicesto modern quarantineconcepts and practicesused elsewere, improvetheir accessto qurantine-related informationin other countriesand streamlineroutine quarantiaecorol prcedures. Ihe quarantanecomponent consists of: (a) establishmentof a computeizedquarantine in ation system,(b) upgrig of 18 provincial arane laboratories,and (c) computizaton of Shenzlenquantne enty points and developmentof the DalianPlant QuaranineIsolation station. 3.53 EvaluatIonof Quarantine law and Practlce Two inteational specialists, one each for plant and animl quarantinewould be recruied and collaboratewith local countpars to evaluatethe recenly issuedquaratine laws and reated practices,and make recommendationsto the NAPQSas to their compatibilitywith internationa quarantine laws. In addition,the overseastraining programwould ensure that traineesgain maximumexposure to newquarantine management techniques. Assuracs wre obined that,by December31,1993, the Borrowr wouldprepa andfwrish to IDA a plan of actionto ensurethat qwarandne proceduresare consistent with best iernadonaipractkes,and hereafe 1nplememthe program as agreedwith IDA.

3.54 Quaantn nformation.A comprehensivecomputrized dat baseof tncal and regulatoryinformation to caterfor the requiement of the NAPQSis includedunder the ManagementcomPonet (An . Induded in this systemwould be accessto the technical inormaon from he Comonwealth Agricultur Bureau(CAB) Abstr and SilverPlatter Infornm&ionRetrieval System (SPIRS) software. 3.55 Equipment. Equipmentrequirements for routine diagnosdcand support acdvitieswould be suppliedto the NAPQSand the centrallaboratories of the 18 provincial quarantie servicesproposed for upgrading. Fundswould be madeavailable for the purchase of adtancedequipment to be used in developingand refiing tecdniquesfor testng plantsand abnials and their products. 3.56 PlantQuntneFadlitIes. Existing,preexitandpo etryquanefaclties wouldbe upgradedand eopded to enable the secureImportation of more improvedplan geneticmaterial. TheDalian Plan QuaantineStation would be improvedthrough the erecton of three addional Insectscreed, eme-controlled quarantinegrenhouses totalling - 30 -

300 2 and three additionalscreenhouses totalling 400 n2. A headhouseof 100 W2 wouldbe providedto serve the three greenhouses. Thirty quaranine entry points of the Huanggang substationunder the NAPQSShenzhen quarane servicesInflrastructure would be equippedwith computerizeddata informationand networklngsystems. 3.57 Trainng and techncal assistancefor plant and anfmalquaranine services Includesoverseas ad domestictraining, and internationaltechnical assistamce. Training would be provided in all aspects of quarantinemanagement including quarantine policy nd management,risk assessmentand management,establishment and monitoringof control procedures,development of appropriateperformance indicators and reviewmechanisms, priority assessmentand resource allocation. Officers would also be trained in techical quarantinetesting skillsand the interpretationof testresults. Technicallyqualified middle management quaante officerswould be senton studytours to countrieswith modern quarantine practices and facilities. Basedon a programof trainingto passon the experiencegained by theseofficers on theirstudy tours to other officers in the service, they would conduct workshopsto discuss its application to China. 3.58 Overseastrahnng would include 41 p.m. in quarantinemanagement; 310 p.m. in technicaltraining, and 104p.m. in studytour. Localtraining would comprise 1,350 p.m. of in-servicetraining for projectand nonprojectstaff; 2 p.m. in trainingmanagement, and 100 p.m. domestictechnical assistance. A totalof 10 p.m. of internationaltecdical assltancehas been allocatedof which2 p.m. wouldbe reservedfor one plant and one animalquarantine specialisteach, to evaluateand recommend of the legalaspects of quatine bylaws,clauses and states.

RegulatoryControl of Pesticidesand Fertilizers 3.59 PestIcides. The pesticideanalysis laboratories of the Institutefor Controlof Agrochemicals(ICAMA), an instituteunder MOA, ad ten correspondingprovincial institutes for control of Agrochemicals(ICAs) l/ would be upgraded with replacementand supplementaryequipment Theequipment for ICAMAwould improve the analyticalcapability and capacityof its analysis,pesgiide residue and biodetmination laboratories. 3.60 A centralinformation service and networkwould be establishedat ICAMAto servicethe provincallaboratories, and for the preparationof publicationof trainingmateris. For this purpose,the projectwould fund the purchaseof microcomputers,modems, laser and dot matrixprinters, facsmile machine, photocopy machine and ancillaryequipment. A vehicle wouldbe providedfor technicalsupervision and inspections.Provision is also madefor one- monthin-service training courses for threeICAMA staff at MOA'scentral computer unit, in the use of computers,data basemanagement, networking and informationexchange. 3.61 The sevenprovincial ICA laboratorieswould also be providedwith appropriate supplementaryanalytical equipment to enablethem to undertakethe full range of pesticide analyses.A computerwould be suppliedto eachprovincial ICA for developmentof a database on pesticidetesting and for networkingand informationexchange with ICAMA. One-monthin- service taining courses by ICAMA are proposed for six ICA staff per province in analytical

I/ In the samsprovinces selected for upgadingthe ATECservices. -31 - techiques. ThreeICA stafffrom each provinre would also undergo the samecomputer taini by MOAstaff as their ICAMAcounterparts.

3.62 FertUzer. The labortries of the Soil Testng and Plant Anaysis Center (STPAC)wihin the Instituteof Soilsand Fertilizers (ISP) of the CAASwould be suppliedwith addional equipmentand accmorles for upgrading exist equipment.The STPAC would also be providedwith a microcomputer,dot matrix printer and facsimilemachine for settingup a data baseon fertilizeranalysis results and a communicationnetwork with provincial ferdlizer testing laboratories. In order to facilkateits expandedprogram of fertilizertesig, monitoringand supervision,a vehiclewould also be provided. The provincia soils and fertilizertesting laboratoriesin the ten provincesin whichagrotechnical services are beingstrengthened, would be upgradedthrough the supply of additionalequipment, computers and vehicles. The incrmentalrecurrent costs of the expandedfertflizer ting programwould also be metby the project. Traing for one month In analyticaltechniques would be financedfor three staff membersfrom each provincial laboratory at the relevantPAAS or localagriculturai university. Staffftom STPACand three stafffrom each of the provinceswould undergo one-month courses of computertraining at the MOA'scentral computer center. RegulatorySeed Quality Control 3.63 The regulatorycontrol of seedquality is beingset up as an independentservice of the NationaSeed Testing Station (NSTS). Operatingas a statutoryrequirement of the Seed law, a networkof seedtestng laboratorieswould be establishedat the provincialand municipal level. Randomsampling would be carriedout, the iitial targetbeing 10 percentof the seedlots offeredfor sale. Thesesamples would then be evaluatedir the laboratoriesfinanced under the project. lhe developmentof theselaboratories would be a majorpart of the dutiesto be cardied out by the seedanalysts who are to receivetraining as part of the program. 3.64 Ihe NSTSwould be responsiblefor the establishent of a seed inspectorate. Ulimatelythis organizationwould consist of technicaland admini ve staffat the provincial and municipallevel. In the inital stagesof the projectthe NSTSwould have to selectthe regions,provinces and municipalitieswhere this can begin,as due to the shortageof trained personnelit wouldbe impossibleto operateeffectively in al the provincesincluded in the of project The NSTS would also be responsiblefor developingand coordinatingthe system quity controlunder whichthis inspectoratewould be expectedto operate,taking coiane of the seedlaw. Laboratorybuildings, ancillary facilities, essential tesing andoffice information equipme, wwouldbe providedat eachof the provincialseed testing stations. The NationaSeed Testng Centerwould also be providedwith 300 m&of laboratorybuildings, essenal seedtestig and officeiformation equipment,and vehicleswould be purchasedto enablethe spate staffto carryout theirduties. Trainingfor thesetechnicians would be part of the qualitycontrol programoutined above. At the end of a five year periodthe inspectoratewould have the followingtypical field staffcomplements-a manager, secretary and six agronomists/inspectors at the provinciallevel, a manager,four inspectorsand two agronomistsat the municipallevel. The regulatoryquality control program would be managedand coordinatedby the NSTS. RIlaqtory Livetock Feed and DrugControl 3.65 Uvestock Feed Quality Control. The China NationalCenter for Quality Supervisionand Tesaing of Feed(CNCQSTF) and its analoguefor pharmaceuticalquality control -32 -

wouldshare commcmlaborory resourcesat the provnl level and be managedas single units. The ChinaNational Bureau for Te cal Supervion (CNBTS)would delegate its auihorityfor manaingfeed qualitycontrol programs to CNCQSTF. 3.66 Tho CNCQSTFwould be providedwith 3,000 mnheadquarte space(icluding office, library, data processingroom, lecur hall, audiovisua om, lecture room, service areas),and 2,400 in' of laboratoryfor a research center. Labowry equipment,office and audiovisualequipment and a mobiletest laboratoryvan wouldbe Anded. Vehides wouldbe providedfor adminitrtive, trainingand fieldsampling purposes.

3.67 At the proWvndalkwl, veterinary products and feed quality control services wouldbe amnilgamatedwithin the same laboratoryfaclies. Feed qualit controlservices in eachof the nineprovinces covered by the project'slivestock services would be improvedthrouigh constructionand fiumnishingof commonlaboratory buildings and provisionof laboratory equipment,which, where appropriate, would also serve pharm cal qualitycontrol purposes (paras.3.70-3.71), and a desk-topcomputer.

3.68 Selectedmwadpaltyprecwure level feed quality control centers would have laboratoriesconstructed and equipped for proximateanalysis of feedstuffs.A desk-topcomputer wouldbe installedand staffmobility for factoryvisits improved through provision of a jeep. 3.69 QualityControl of Veterinay Bloproductsand Pharmaceutcals.At the nadionalkvel, the bioproductstesting facilitiesof NQCCVBPwould be upgradedby the insaation of a modemair fitration system,incubaton rooms and a reftigerationsystem. A newbuilding would be constructedand furnished for prm cal qualitycontrol work by the NQCCVBPto replacethe existngdilapidated facilities. Equipgmt would be providedfor both the bioproductsand pharmaceutical testig laboratoriesto enablea wiler rangeof tests,including tests for toxicityand residuesand animaltests for efficacy,to be carriedout. A laboty animalbuilding would also be constucted, and tro n for staff visits to producdonplants for inspectionand traing purposes. Provinciallaboratory-based inspectrs would be responsiblefor randomsampling programs. This componentwould be contingenton the delegationby CNBISof its authorityfor veterinaryproduct quality contrul to the NQCCVBP.

3.70 Pro4nclal paceutical quality ontrol centers would be providedwith laboratoryspace, in combinationwith that of theprovincial feed quality control centers, and with equipment,which wouldbe shared with the latter. A vehiclewould be allocatedto each provincialcenter for trainingand sampling.For industryin-service training, 25 p.m. havebeen allocatedfor feed andveterinay qualitycontrol programs. Project Man ent 3.71 The centralProject Management Office (PMO), which wouldcoordine the implementationof the project, would be providedwith the necessaryoffice equipment, computersand transport. Provincial Projet ManagemenetOffices (PPMOs) would receive more modestcomplements of office equipment,compute and vehiclesbut, whereneeded, small office buildings (150 in) would be constructed. Tecbnicalassistance for institutional development(29 p.m. for internationalconsultants and 12 p.m. for local consultants)would be financedto providea senioradvisor and projec monitoringspeciis to the PMO,to draw up a detailed Implementationschedule for the project,to developand insl a projectmonitoring .33 - systemand to sist In carryingout a mid-termreviw of the projdct. Part of the foreignTA (9 p.m.) woud be held in serve for fite needs. Provisionwoud also be made fo consuancy fes for specialiston the TechnicalAdvio Pad CrAP)to be set up to asist the ProjectMagement Office. 3.72 Projectimpleme aio, pervision,moning and managementsklls of natonal MOA [especiallythe Depatment of Extnal EconomicRelations (DEER)] and provinca staffwould be upgradedthrough 30 p.m. of ovea training,220 p.m. of national trainingand 220 p.m. of in-servicetraining.

3.73 Humanreurce developmentwould be a key projectacty in proviig skills necs for the achievementof projectobjectives and creatirgthe capacitywithi the MOA to sustainquality services to the sector. Ite projectwould therefore: (a) providetraining in trainin programmanagement for Trainig Coordinators(s); and (b) provide ncentivesfor staffto participatein trainingprograms. An= 3 cotains a summayof trainingand education activitiesfor each componenttogether wfith phasing plans. Detaileddescipdons of proposed trainin programsmay be foundin the secon describingthe majorcomponents. Asura wre obined at negotaonstw aUlproject local and owrseas tnig, studytors, adaplve researchand extensionprograms, and techn assine shal be canted ow in accordha withpla agreedwith JDA, and the ProjectManageme Offlcewouldnsh to DA,fr revew and pp , annuoplans by Sqepte*be30 ofeach year durig project n . D. STAUS OF PRARATION

3.74 Theproject is at an advancedstage of preparation.Ihe tedmical,satal level compolvmts(Quarantne, Qualiy Controland Regatory Services)as well as the nationallevel ItAerventi for AgrotechnicalExtension, Seed Supplyand LivestockServices have been preparedin finadform. Preliminy designsfor buildings,drafg of opaonal protools and memorandaof undedig relatingto dationalcenters, and prepration of workflowplans for qualityconul laboratoris have been completed. Midaities for linkingDOA, DAH, and NAPQSwith MOA and the reo of NATEChave also beenfinalized. E. IM M ATIONSCHEDJL

3.75 Theproject would be implementedover a six-yearperiod beginning early 1993. Detailed umple schedulesare givenin Chart 3. Prliminary designsfor -illworks underth projectwould be fnalized in December1992, and conuction migt bgin in Jamuy 1993. Biddocumens for about50 percentof the equipmentare expectedto be completedbefore negoiations,and bid iviton forthe first phaseof eupme pruement won4dbegin in mid- 1993. A secondphase of equipme procurementwould begin In late 1993. Trainingactivites wouldbe epected to start immediatelyfollowing neation nd consultantservices by mid- 1993. F. Cosr ESlIAMES

3.76 The totalproject cost, includingphysical and price cotigencies, is esmated at Y 1,337.4 milion ($238.3million) of which the fo excanmgecompon woud be $122.6 milion or 51.5 percent of the total. The total project cost excludingreserved prorment is esmated at Y 1,242million ($220.8 million) of whih the foreignexchange -34 -

componentwould be $109.5millionor 49.6 perent of the total. Ihe Costs at nadonal level have been estimatedIn final form for a project components. Cost esdmates at provincial and lower levels also have been finaized fir the crops, livestock, seeds, quality corol, quarantne and managementservices components. 3.77 Thebase cost estimatesare computedfrom unit prices prevailing at the timeof appraisalin June 1992adjusted to 1993price levels, and on the then existingexchange rate of Y 5.45. No dutiesor taxesare includedin the projectcosts. The total projectcost includes physicalcontingencies at 10 percenton all items(except for technicalassistance, local salaries, and maintenanceof buOidings,vehicles, and equipment,for which they are zero). Price cont enciesare basedon annualinteational prie escalaionrates for all goodsand services of 3.7 percentfor 1993-98when expressed in US dollars. Whenexpressed in Yuan, annual price escalationrat of 6 percent were used for 1993-98. Total contngenciesamount to 20 percentof the totalproject costs. Table 3.1: PROJF Cosr SumMARY

TOCO 8'000S Forun X Total Loal Yordu total Local lorlu Setotal *eobane bae costa

A. CroIb.tenaou 1. Nationalhgrotechnica 26,934.0 28,162.0 53,096.0 4,942.0 5,167.0 10,109.0 51.1 5.1 2. Agrot.cnicl Igt. Dev. 190,136.0 208,913.3 399,049.3 34X887.4 38*3,3.1 73,220.5 52.4 36.8

Subtotal 217.070.0 237.075.3 454.145.3 39.829.4 43.500.1 93.529.5 52.2 41.6

9. Sg 1. Se4 Supply 46,012.2 46,642.7 92,654.9 8,442.3 8,558.3 17,000.8 50.3 8.5 2. Seed Quality Control 19*774.9 18,514.3 38,289.2 3,628.5 35397.1 7,025.6 48.4 3.5

$Ubtotal 65.7*1.1 65.157.0 130,944.1 l..071.0 1.955.4 14.26.4 49.8 12.1

C. ivwe k 1. eld 1Av.etoek Sernice 179,506.5 186,99.? 366,502.2 32,937.0 34,311.1 67,248.1 51.0 33.8 2. iveatook Support Setvrie 20,552.6 20,8e5.6 41*438.2 3,771.1 3,852.2 7,603.3 50.4 3.8

Subtotal 200X059.1 20t.bl$.3 4075940&4 M.7TO,1 f8.143.3 74551.4 51.0 3J.6

D. QualitV Control 18.017.0 19.492-6 37.509.6 3X3060 3.576.6 6.*S2.6 5. 35

S. Quarantine Service. 21.o78.0 32.764.0 54.642.0 4.014.3 6031.6 10.025.9 00 5.0

otal Baa Costs 522.81.2 562,370.2 1.085.181.4 95.92848 103.187.0 199.115.8 51.8 100.0

hysicalcoAtiouie 42,181.7 45,853.4 88,035.3 7,739.4 $8413.5 16,152.9 52.1 8.1 P ce oln*eaie 85,434.7 78,795.1 164,229.8 11,988.0 11,036.5 23,024.6 47.9 11.6

Total Project Coate 650.427.6 6*87.018.9 1.337.446.5 115.656.2 122.637.1 MM8.29.$ 51.5 119.7

3.78 Over three fourths of the total base cost of the project is accountedfor by the Agrotechical Extension (42 percen) and LivestockService (38 percent) components. Other componentswith a significantshare of the base costs are Seed Supply(12 percent) and Quality Control (3.5 percent)and Quarantn Services(5 percent). Seventy-fivepercent of total baseline costs are investmentcosts, of which 23 percent are for equipment,28 percent for buildingsand anotier 11 percent for training. Technical assistanceacounts for 1 percent of the total base costs. All project costs are incrental. Incrementalrec et costs (25 percent) are made up largelyof operationand maitenance items(16 percent)and consumables(7 percent). Estimated costs are summaized in Table 3.1 and detailed in Aanx 2t Table 1. -35 -

G. FINARN

3.79 Bank Grotp financing would be an IDA Credit of SDR 83.7 million ($115 millionequivaet) and wouldcover 48 prce of tot project costsor 52 percent of tot project costs excludingreserved prcrement. Iheremaining 52 percent wouldbe financedby cetral, provincial,prefctureumicipal and countygovernments. Ihe contributions from each source are as follows: $ mUllon

(a) IDA Credit 115.0 (b) Centr, provincial,prefecura and county governments 123.3

H. PftocRMErr

3.80 Procurementarrangements are summaized in the followingtable:

Table 3.2: PROCURDENTPROFLE ($ million)

Procurement method Project element ICB LCB Other NIF Total

Civilworks - 64.3 2.8 - 67.1 (32.2) (1.4) (33.6)

Equipmentand materials 43.9 6.0 7.3 - 57.2 (38.7) (3.0) (3.7) (45.4)

Vehicles 15.6 - - 11.1/a,26.7 (14.0) (0.0) (14.0) Trainingand technical assistance - - 28.0 - 28.0 (22.0) (22.0) Managementand operating co0t8 - - - 59.3lb 59.3 (0.0) (0.0) Total 59.5 70.3 38.1 70.4 238.3 (52.7) (35.2) (27.1) (0.0)(115.0)

No: Fies inparenthes are amounts to be financed by EDA Credt. NIF:Not IDA Fhnaced.Figurs incude contngendes. & Resrvedproement of660 vehicles valued $11.1 million. & Indudeoperaion and m nau of660 vehiles valued $6.4 mimon. - 36 -

3.81 ail Works ($67.1 millon).All woks in the projectare too smallto be of inerest to foreignbidders. Pacaging has beendone as muchas is practicable;however, all the works are smal, scheduledover the six ye life of theprojecta dscatteted over the 12 provinc involvedin the project. Nonewould exceed $1.0 million and the aveag cost per workwould be $24,000. Mostare smailbufldings that wouldserve as officesand othersupport service at the provincial,prefecte as wel as countylevels. Nonewould be of interestto foreigncontractors. Approxmely $64.3milion (96percnt) of the workswold thusbe let under local competitivebidding (LCB) proedures acceptableto IDA. The remainig $2.8 million(4 percent)are for very small works (less han $15,000each) that are difficultto scheduleor are in remoteareas, and as such,would best be doneby countyor municipalwork groupsthrough force accountwork. 3.82 Goods ($83.9milUon). About 660 vehiclesesmated at $11.1 millionare prohibitedby governmentto be importedand wouldbe fully financedby local fius. The remainin 950 vehiclesesdmated at $15.6 millionwould be procuredunder ICB procedures. The vehicles($15.6 mfilion),stel ($8.0 million),fertlizer ($1.9 million)and the large or complexequipment ($34.0 million),80 percentof the goods, wil be procuredusing ICB procedures.A marginof preferenceequal to 15 percentof the c.i.f. price of importedgoods or the actualcustoms duties and importtaxes, whicheveris less, will be allowedthe domestic manufacrers on ICB. Contractscosdng less than $200,000 equivalent may be procuredunder LCB proceduresacceptable to the Association.The inexpensivebasic eqgipment(total $4.5 million)that will be requiredto equipthe over700 new agkulture supportservices facilities willbe procuredin smallquantities near each facility using LCB procedures that we acceptable to IDA. Specializedlaboratory and testiDngequipment (not to exceed$5.3 millionin tot) hat is avaiableftom onlya fewsuppliers would be procuredthrough limted intenaional bidding (IB). Smallquantities of officesupplies, funiure andthe verybasic equipment (not to exceed $2.0miUlion in tot) wfllbe procuredthwogh shopping. Theproement schedule(Chart 5) showshow the six largestgoods packages, totaling $65.1 million, would be scheduled. An assurancewas obtand at negotiaons that te Borrowerwold procureabosu 660 whkles requiredfor te project In accordancewith a plan acceptabl to the Associaon and would funish a draf plan to the Associaon no loa th Jldy 1, 1993. 3.83 Trainn and TecIcal Assistamce($28.0 milDon). Theprojectwouldprovide $24.9million of trainig and $3.1 millionof tecnical assistance(TA). A detaied trainingand TA programhas been drawnup. Apprwximatlyhalf of the trainingand TA wiUlbe supplied from overseas. All consultantswill be arrangedin accordne with IDA's Guidelineson the Selectionand Use of Consultants.

3.84 AdminitratIon.All goodscontracts of $200,000or more, and civil works packagesover $0.5 milion wouldbe subjectto IDA's prior review. This wouldcover about 80 percentof the goodsand 10 percentof the works,and would involve about 12 conacts over the six-yearlife of the project. Alltraining and TA contracts(about 15) would also be subject to prior reviewby IDA. All other contractswould be subjectto selectivepostaward review. Ihe China NationalInstrument Import and Export Cotporation(CNIIE would be the procurementagent for the project. CNIEC hasprevious experience on Bankprojects and knows IDA's requirements.The projectwill use the modelbid documentsprepared by MOP and acceptedby IDA. Eventhough foreign competition is not expectedunder the abovemendoned LCBprocedure, foreign fims wouldnot be prohibitedfrom bidding. -37 -

L D

3.85 Disb s for equipm, matls, and vehicles would be made at 100percent of the foreig co fordirect imports, 100 percent of loca ex-facy costfor locally manufactreditems, and 75 percentof local expendituresfor other Itemsprocured locally. Diment agaist civi workswould be 50 percentof toWalexpenditues. Disbursemet for training, studytours, and consultantservices would be at 100percent of total expenditures. Disbursementswould be madeagapst staements of exdium for goodsand works contracts, each costingless than $200,000equivalent, for civilworks under force accountand training. Supportngdoc on wouldbe rened in the Project Officein Beijingand Provincial PMOs and be made availableto IDA supervisionmissions. In order to provide efficient disbursementof the creditproceeds, a SpecialAccount would be openedin US dollarsin a bank acceptableto IDAwith an authorizedallocation of $5 million,the estimatedaverage four-month disburemt. The SpecialAccont wouldbe operatedand m tined by the Minstry of Finance(MOF). Applicationsfor replenishmentof the SpecialAccount would be submitted monthlyor wheneverthe SpecialAccount is drawndown to 50 percentof its inital deposit, whichevercomes first. In orderto facilitateearly startupof the projectto take advantageof labor mabity during the 1992/93winter season, as well as the restuct of DAR and NATEC,rthiGovernment has proposed to use up to SDR3.5 million($4.7 million, 3.9 percent of the ciit) for retroactivefinancing of expendituresmade between July 1, 1992and date of signingof the DevelopmentCredit Agreement. 3.86 Theproject is expectedto be completedby December31, 1999and the closing datewould be December31, 2000. Disbursementexperience in Chinahas been favorableand better than Bank Group and Asia regionalaverages. The project disbursementprofile is essenmtialyIn line with that for previousinstiution buRding projects in China(para. 1.30). The estIm disbursementshedule is givenin Annex2, Table6. 3. AccouNs ANDAuD1s

3.87 Separateaccounts, regarding all projectexpenditures, would be maintainedat participatingproject counties and pref s by theirrespectve project implementtion units or finace deparmens. Ihese recordswould be forwardedregularly to the provincialproject managementoffices (PPMOs). The provincial finance deprtments would assist the PPMOsin consolidatingthese accountsand also in mainainingseparate aecounts for expendituresat provinciallevel. Thesewould aU be audted anmuallyby the ProvincialAudit Bureau within 4 montfs of thi close of the financialyear. The PPMOswould forward their accountsto the centra PMO, whichwould also receivereglar returnsfrom the ProjectImplemention Units at nationallevel (DOA, DAH, NAPQS, CAMS, etc.). TheFinance Department of MOAwodd assistthe PMOin comining all theseinto one consolidatedreport, withseparate accounts for localexpenditures and imports,to be submittedto IDA. Assuranceswere obtained that (a) the SpecdalAcouW wouldbe audited by deaedent audo acptabk to IDA and the PMO, and (b) the PAMOand PPMOswould maiain consolated accountsof aUcmponents for annual audtng by independentauditors acceptable to IDA, and the audied accounstogether with the auditor'sreport wold be sumitd l to A wthin six monthsof*e dose of eachfinancalyear. Ihe consolidatedaudit reportwould contain a sumary of the provincialaudit report and auditedaccounts of MOA'sproject expendures. It wouldinclude detils of withdrawalsfrom the CreditAccount made on the basi of Staemen of Expediue andthe auditor'sopinion as to wheter such withdrawalswere against expendire eligiblefor reit by IDA. -38-

KI ENVONMERrNTALbDMACr

3.88 The project would reducethe effects associatedwith the excessiveuse of ferdlizersby promotingmore balancedfertilizer recommeions better adaptedto local conditionsthrough Its adptive researchprogram snd by encouragigthe applicationof dosages tailor-madeto farmers'needs (as dermined by its soil testingprogram). By improvingthe qualitycontrol of frilizer, the projectwould also eliminatesome of the gueswork involvedin applyig (andineviably sometime over-applying) ir ferilize products.

3.89 Ihe environmentalproblems asocated with the use of pesucidesin Chinese agricultre, thoughnot well documentedor quanified,include: (a) excessiveuse (as in the Yangzhoucounty of Jiangsuprovince where 9 applicationsof insecticideand fungicide are made annuallyon a wheat-ricerotation), (b) widespread use of fakemanuactured insecticides or home madeproducts (e.g., 3 percentsolution of carbofurangranules in water)which are dangerous to crops,naural predtors and humans,(c) use of productsdhat are knownto be harmfuland banned in other counies (e.g., nitrogen), (d) buildup of pesticide resistancedue to indiscriminaeuse (e.g., resistanceof Heioddsandgera to pyrediroidsin cotton-25 spraysper cropare common),(e) highresidue levels in havested crops(e.g., in vegetables),and (t) the highcost of cropprotection due to exclusivedependence on pesticidesand lackof information on economicthreshOlds. 3.90 Ihe projectwould actuallyreduce the level of pesticideused throughthe promodon,by adapdveresearch and extsion, of ntgrated PestManagement (IPM). Thishas beendemonstated for exampleby the FAOprogram for traivingfarmers in IPM,which reduced pesticideuse by 10 percent(and increasedprofits by 20 percent). Throughimproved quality contol and betterregulation of the manufactureand distrbutionof pesticides,the projectwould reducethe use of spuious and dangerousproduct that now find their way to the market and wouldregulate the useof activeingredients used in the manufatureof pesticides.The capacity to conductpesticide residue analysis is beingbuilt int the strengthenedanalytical capacity of ICAMA'slaboratory network to bettermonitor residues in agriculturalproducts. Finaly, by promotig the economicthreshold concept for sprayingand safetyin the handlingand we of pesticides,the agrotehnicalextension services would furtier reducetie envonmenal hazards of pesicide use. -39 -

4 PROJECT ORGANIZATON AND MANAG

A. PROJrCT ORGAZANTON

4.1 Ihe Ministryof Agricture (MOA) would have ovea responsibilityfor implementngthe project. A ProjectLeading Group (PLO) has been establishedto overseeits management.Ihe PLGwould provide senior management suppott for the project,dedde policy matters, solve intream o a or interage_ncyproblems,and wouldmeetpiodically to review progressand resolveproblems that mayaise in projectimplem enion.'he PLG consistsof a vice Ministeras Leader,the Directorof MOA's GeneralPlaning Departmentas Deputy Leader,the headsof MOA'sconcened departments and agencies (DEER, DOA, DAR, NAPQS, CABTS,the Departm of Finance,Department of Admion, Deptent of Peonnel and Labor, CAAS, Infrmation Center and the AgriclEuralEneering Inste), and repesentativesfrm the State PlanningCommission and MOF's Departmentof Agicultura Finace (see Chart2). 4.2 At the cenr level, the DOA, DAH, NAPQSand CABTSwould implement theirrespectiveprojectcompones, wih aremostlyinvolvedwiththeirlinefunmcdons. PtoJect ImplementationUnits (PlUs) havebeen establishedin eachof the units to overseethe execution of its paticular component A centralProject Mangement Office (PMO), staffed by personmel from DEERand other releva agencies,has been establishedhi the MOAto oordinaWthe activNiesof the projecton a day-to-daybasis, monitor progress in executionof the projectand bringany problemsta ariseto the noticeof the PLOfor promptresolution. The PMO wod be headedby a Directorand asstd by two DeputyDiecors (fromDEER and Planing). AmongPMO's spcfic res;posibilitieswould be to: (a) amistin drawingup impl schedulesfor the projectcomponents; (b) coordinaeproject activities with the line agencie at the nationl leveland with provin institutions;(c) arage combinedprouement underICB or LIB;(d) coordinateinsuiona devdeopmentaspects, particulady in respectof organiational restrcturing, overseastraling and tecdnicaltraining, tecnical assistance, rough vropriate commitees constitutedfor those purposes; (e) assist and coordinatethe preparationof applicationsfor withdrawalof the IDA credit;(f) ensurethat consolidatedaccounts, audits and progressrepors are preparedand submittedin tme; (g) aminister the SpecialAccount; h) undertaleproject monhoring and supervision(see AnMo 8); and (') arrangefor a mid-term evaluationof the projectas wellas regularevaluations of projectimpact

4.3 TheMinistry of Fina wouldbe responsiblefor the financialmanagement of the projectand maitaiin g consolidatedproject accouns. The AdministrationDEptment, MOA, wouldbe responsiblefor the civil work wie the AgriculmralEngineering Inst wouldprepare the designs. Ihe Adminion and Personneland Labor Departmentswould assistthe PMO (andrelevant technical deatmen and prwvincialins ons)undertake the -40 -

proposedinstiutional development actities. The insftiuteof AgriculturaEconomics of the CAAS,supported by consultantas needed,would carry out the projectevaluation, including the mid-termevaluation. A TechnicalAdvisory Panel (TAP) comptg expertsfrom different technicalagencies would be set up and drawnfrom when speciflc technical advice Is neededby the PLGor PMO. 4.4 Analogousarngements for projectmanagement would be madeat the provinc level. EachProvinci ProjectLeading Group (PPLG) would be headedby a ViceGoveror and includethe Prvincial Directorsof Agricultureand Livesock, the heads of the Provincial Departmentof Ext EconomicRelations or its equivalent,the FinanceDepartment, the ProvincialPlanning Commission, and a representativefrom the ProvincialAcademy of Agriculur Sciences(PAAS). The Provincid Director of Agriculturewould be responsiblefor implementingthe AgrotechnicalExtension and Seeds componentsof the project and the ProvincialDirecor of AnimalHusbandry for the livestockcomponent. Other components (eg. the RegulatoryServices) havig interventionsat provinciallevel would be managedfrom the centralPMO, assisted by the relevantptovincia organiation. A Provial ProjectMaagement Office(PPMO) would be set up in eachproject province under the leadershipof the Provincial Departmentof Exernal EconomicRelations or the Pvincial Plaing Commissionto coordinateproject activities and ensureregular reporting. A ProvincialTechnical Advisory Panel(PTAP) would be set up as a sourceof expertadvce to be drawnon by the PPLGand the PPMO. Ihe Provinci Finance Departmentwould keep consolidatedproject acunts. Assuranceswere obtaid tat the promjectprnc enter ito Project bplmentaton Agreement (PUs)w*t MOFand MOA,to ensure at theirproject conponent is carred ou and aeditftakds wouldbe onkmnt(ara. 4.5). Condcusonof the PMAs,satfactory to IDA, wouldbe a conditionof crediteffecveness. lnaddition, PiUs would be establishedin the other provinciallevels, the prefecture/municipal,county and townshipto implementthe project activities. At negoatioms,an assurancewas obtae ftom the Borrowerthat the PMO, PPMOs,and PIUswould be maitne and adequaelysted withqualedpersonnel daring the life of the project,with sqff conWos*n accetabk to IDA.

B. FJANCLAL MANAGEMENr

4.5 MOFwould onlend the porton of the IDA creditforthe provincil cmp to theprovinces wader the PIlAs,at an annualnerest rate qf 4 percn, wth a repaymentperiod of 20 years, iuslw of sb years'grace period, and assurances to ta effectwuld be obined at negoations. The provinceswould oniend the relevantportions of the credit to project municipalities/prefecturesand countieson the sameterms as the loansfrom the MOF to the provinces.The foreign exchnge riskwould be bornein eachcase by the end-userof the credit.

C. SUPIRVSIONIMONTOR , EVAWLAMiONAND RIPORNG

4.6 The ProjectManagement Offices at nationalad provinciadlevels (PMOand PPMOs)and the ProjectImplementation Units (PIUs) at prefectual and countylevels, would monitorthe project'sprogress. In orderto ensuresmooth implementaton of the project,the central PMO has etablished proceduresat each level for project supervision. Regular supervisionswould be carriedout to asss the physical,financia and technicalaspects of the projecL Deails of the suevision plan are desrd in Annex. The centralPMO ad PPMOswould also asist in the evaluationof the project's impacton agriculturalpractices, production,fam incomesand selectedenvironmental parameters, under the directionof the -41 -

nstltte of Agricultr Eonomics(AB) of the CAAS. Nonprojectcountes would be inluded inte evauation as cotrols. A basdine survey wouldbe carried out inthefirstyear of project ImiDpeeE on,covering a range of countieswith varying drs of project Influence(direct, indirectand remote). A teem, composedof the IAE, projecttechnical assice, the PMO, PPMOs and PlJs would establisha systemof projectmontoring and evaluationusing physical, fiancial and environmentalindicators, which would be specifiedduring the preparationof the implementon scheduleand the baselinesurvey. Progressreports would be producedevery six mons by the project managementat each level and discussedat workshopsin order to sseminatethe lessonslearned. Assuranceswere obtand ha the PMO swuld wmderlakewith IDA a nmd-trn reiw of the project by December31, 1995. -42-

5 PRODUCTIONAND MARKETS

A. PROWDUCTON

5.1 Thestrengthening of agricultur supportservices would result in increasedcrop and livestockproduction only to the extentthat farmersadopt improved techologies to raise yields,increase cropping intensity and raisemeat producton.

5.2 Tecnology Typs. Theincrease in productionwould come from two types of improvedtechology, one a set of Lproved exsting, readilyadoptable technologles and the seconda set of newer,more advanced technologies that have not been disseminated much beyond reseach Insions. Ihe fist set of techologieshas beensuccessily testedat fiumlevel and i amlreadybeing used by someadvanced farmers. Furtherwork maybe neededto adaptthem to loD condions, in parclar counties,before they are extendedto fams ere. Te Improvem in the exension systemunder the projectare designedto help spread these technologies.Among such technologiesare: (a) beter adaptedlocal variedes; (b) improved culturapracties, suchas plantingdates, seeding rates, spatialarrangements, cropping systems; (c) betterwater management, including conJunctive use of surfaceand wellwater; (d) optimum ferlizer strates basedon climate,soil c s and cropvariety, application rates and dming, orection of microelementdeficiencies; and (e) pest and diseasecontrol, including throughbetter crop mixes and the preservationof natral enemies.

5.3 Thesecond set of moreadvanced production-increasing technologies include: (a) superiorvarieties of hybrid rice and corn resultingfrom recent accessto germ plasmafrom intenationalorganiztions; (b) Rhiobitn bacteriato fix nitrogenfor soybeans,peanuts and alfalf; and (c)the use of integratedpest management,Including better pest and diseas foecng, assessmentof the economictheshold for pesticideapplication, and the use of parasitesand predatrs for biologicalcontrol. Someof thesetechnologies are currentybeing evaluatedat researchstations and/or being tested at farm level for adaptationto diverse agroecologicalconditions. Ihe stregthenedlinkages between research and etension resulting fromthe projectwill facilitate the flowof thesetechnologies to farmers. -43 -

5.4 Ylelds. Th increasein averageyields achievable in the projectareas for major crops using these two levels of technologyare:

Table 5.1: EXTNG Am PrzRmrMCROP YEmS (T/Hu) UsIG IMROVED EX*TING OR NEw TEHOWGIES

With pro1ect Existing Without Improved New practice project existing technology technology development

Rice 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.6 Wheat 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.5 Maize 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.9 CottonLa 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 Soybean 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.1 Peanuts 1.3 1.5 2.1 2.7 Rapeseed 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.9 Sweet potatoes/b 3.2 3.5 4.5 5.6

LaLint cotton. & Grainequivalent (5 tonstuber:l ton grain).

Yieldsby province(ncluding only projeat counies) can be foud in A= I 1 Table 1. Ihey sume that the various inputs reqired by te teclogies, includig seed, fertilizer, agrochemicals,etc. are availble to implementthem. 5.5 Adotion Raws of new tehology by fiamerswill obviouslyvary enormously accordingto the natureof the technology,epcted Inemena income,risk, input,credit and labor milabilty, andother constn, in addion to th effectivenessof the adaptivereseach and extensionsevices. The pota inremen productionand net incomeunder the project wasestmated using dient scenmaiosacrtng to adoptonraes for the two technologytypes. Improvedadsting technologywill be adoptedfast tm new thnology. Incementa productionfor each cropunder each adoption-te scenaio is esmated as follows: .44 -

Table S2: JNaRINTAL PEODuCFIONAND AoflioN ItATs

With 2re42ct Present Without s8enarioe production project I II III Adoption rate (2 of households)

Ixzstiugtech. 252 352 452 SO5 S02 New tochnology 12 32 52 202 302 Production Incrementalproduction ('000tons) ('000tons) Riee 5,098 5,631 172 493 662 Wheat 2,979 3,216 78 246 339 Ize 3,763 3,965 68 228 318 Soybean 461 489 46 137 186 Sw.Potatoes 337 365 10 30 42 Total grain* 12,638 13,666 374 1,134 1,547 Rapeseed 442 572 43 130 177 Peanuts 49 54 2 5 7 Total oil crops 491 626 45 135 184 cotton 181 233 18 61 85

Now: Set &no1L Table2 for detas.

5.6 It is esdmatedht about25 pecent of m Inthe projdct counes have alreadyadopted the improvedtechnology. As beline data, ta gSin, oilseed and cotton productonwas 12.6 milion,491,000 ad 181,000tons, respectvy, in 1991. R is asumed tha wio theproject, the adoption rat would ease to 35 percentfor the Improved eistng tecnologyand to 3 perce for the w technologyover the six-ye timefiame of theproject. hiswould resul in productionwWit theproject of 13.7million tons ), 626,000tons (oilseed) and 233,000 tons (coto). 5.7 c producXionw% the projectvaries acrding to sumptonsmade aboutthe adopdo ra iied bythe project. In the wors scario(45 pecen adoption of mpwrovedexis g tehology and5 prcent of newtechnology), Incemental grainproduction beyond pectedproduction wihout the proct) wouldbe only 0.4 million tons compared to 1.5million tons for thebest scearo (50perct doptonof improvedexitg techologyand 30 pen nowtechnology). Icmenta oil-cropproductin woud be 45,000 tons for the worst scArio compgredto 184,000ts for thebest Andincement cottonproduction would be 18,000tons for theworstsnrio and85,000 tons for the best. It is unlikelythat either the best or worstadopt scAos wod occurin rdIty. Sconario11 is consideredthe most likely -4S -

scenario;in thisscenario, incremea grain,oil-crp andcotton production would be 1.1million tons, 135,000tons and 61,000tons, respectively.

LUvetodc Producion

5.8 Increml liveso productionfrom the projectwould come from improved supportservices to livestockfamers to promotehealthier animals, superior breedig stock, improvedfeed, better animalhusbandry practices and imved farm management.In tUrn, improvementsin these areaswoud reducemortality rates and incase animalweight, growth aes and meatquality. It is esmated tha, over the six-yeartime frme of the project,the improvedsupport services under the projectwould result in (a) reducedmortality of 6, 13, S, and 8 percent,for cate, pigs, poultry,sheep/goat respectively, (b) increasedmeat offtae of 13, 11, and 5 percet for cattle,pigs and sheep/goats,respectively, and (c) increasedyield for bothmilk and eggsby 7 perce (SeeAwn nLl Table3). 5.9 Production. A livestockproducton modelwas developedto assessproject impact on productionbased on the aboveproduction parameters. It was esmated that the presentadoption rate of about23 percentwould increase to 37 percentwithout the projectby endof 6 years. Withthe project, adoption rates of 48, 64 and80 percentin threescenarios have been used. In the worst and best scenarios(adoption rates of 48 percentand 80 percent), incrementalproduction for all livesck withthe projectwould be 403,000tons and 1.5 million tons, respectively,above what it wouldbe withoutthe project(in the samesix-year time frame). ScenarioII is the mostlikely scenario to occur;in this scenario,incrmenta poductionwoud be 1.0 milliontons. In moredetail, the model'sestmates of the increment productionof beef, milk, pork, poultry meat, eggs and mutton/goatmeat over the six-yeartime frame of the project are as follows:

Table 5.3: INCREMENALLtmxOC PROnDUCION

With iroiect Present Without Scenario Production Project I II III

Adoptionrate 23S 37Z 471 641 801 Production Incrementalproduction ('000tons) ('000tons) Beef 230 305 75 184 293 WiTl 44 51 6 14 28 Poultry meat 52 75 20 48 77 Egg. 428 589 123 312 444 Pork 717 934 174 424 576 Mutton/Goat 44 51 5 13 26 Total 1,515 2,005 403 995 1,444

Sou: Am11 Table 4. -46 -

B. AARKErS

5.10 Thereshould be litfle difficulty in findingmarkets for the incremet production of the project, since domesticdemand for food and raw materialis rising steadilydue to increasingpopulation and income.The demand for the individualcommodities produced by the projectwill be generallyfavorable. In fact, k is expectedthat mostof the incrementalcrop and livestockproduction of the projectwould be consumedIn the projectareas or in nearbytowns, exceptpart of the leanpork, whichwould be exported. Sinceincremental production under the projectwould be sold In twelveprovinces, and amountsto lessthan one half of one percentof the nationalproduction of grains and oil crops, the existingmarket channels could be used without constraintor significantimpact on marketprices. The situationof the crops and livestockmarkets is as follows:

5.11 Crops. Chinaexceeded its grain productionrecord of 1984in 1989'sharvest of 408 milliontons and 446 milliontons in 1990. Nevertheless,China has beenan importerof wheat,rice and cotton.It importedabout 11 million tons of wheat,0.5 milliontons of paddyand 60,000tons of cottonin 1991.The incremental production of theproject, about 1.I milliontons, wouldbe used to meetthe projectareas' increasedrequirements due to populationand livestock growthand as inputsfor agroindustrialproducts. Any surplus above these needs would be sold to deficitareas in China.

5.12 Thenational market situation in cottonhas beenone of excessdemand in recent years. At presentthe country'steffile industry is operatingweU below capacity, mainly due to lackof raw materis. Whiletotal national production has increasedo.ver the lastseveral years, it has not kept pace withtextile industry demand, fueled in part by large,heretofore rapidly expandingtextile exports. Totaldemand for cottonis expectedto be 5 milliontons in 1991, withproduction only of 4.54.8 milliontons in 1990/91.The project's incremental production of cottonof 61,000tons wouldbe about 1.3 percentof nationalproduction and wouldsupply provincialtextle industries,which are experiencinga severeshortage of raw materias,due to their inabilityto importsufficient quantities from other provincesor from abroad. Peanuts, soybeansand rapeseedfrom the projectwould supply oil processorsin the projectprovinces. 5.13 iUvestodckProducts. Beef, muttonand goat meatproduced under the project wouldmainly supply domestic markets. Domesticdemand for red meathas beengrowing, and there wouldbe no problemin the domesticabsorption of an incremental197,300 tons of beef, muttonand goatmeat (2 percentof nationalproduction). Lean pork would normally have export marketsin HongKong, Singapore and Macao,but if theyshould prove weak, it couldalso be sold in the domesticmarket in majorcities, where it wouldalso commanda premiumprice. Broiler producton under the projectwould commandhigh prices and be attractiveto the marketingcorporations operating in projectareas, whichhave networksof collectionpoints, prcesing facilitiesand urban marketingchannels. Most productionwould be sold to these corporations,but any surpluswould be saleablein local markets. Eggs wouldsupply local marketsor foodprocessing factories. Milk would be soldas fresh milkor to processors.

C. !RICES

5.14 China'sagricultura price policyover the past decadehas focusedon adjustig procurementprices of goodsmarketed through the state-runsystem and reducingthe numberof goodssubject to state monopolypurchase. Whilelifting price controls,the Governmenthas -47 - encourageda moreopen markeing system for may goodsby easingrestctions on bothprivate and publicinterprovincial trade In agrictiural commoditiesand sanctioningthe establihment of free retailand wholesalemarkets. The sumtotal of thesemeasures has been the creationof a morediverse and competitivecommercial envronment in agriculture.During the last decade, fremarket agricutural trade has increed substantially,and producerprices for grain, vegetables,fruit, meatand aquatic products have more than doubled. Consumers, both rural and urban,have also benfitted fromthe wideravailability and higherquality of farmproducts. 5.15 For the future,the Governmenthas confirmedits commitmentto achievinga more market-orientedeconomy. This is demonstratedby the recentprice reformsin major sectorssuch as energy, transportand agriculture. Furtheradjustments in the grain pricing systemwill be aimedto reducethe subsidizationof urbanconsumets by farmersand provide incentivesto increaseproduction. By the endof 1992,urban ration and farmprocurement pries for tLemajor grains will havebeen essentially equalized. 5.16 Grain and oilseeds are priced variously-at procurementprices set by the government,at pricesnegotiated with state entitiesand at prices determinedin free markets. The procurementprices for majorcommodities are set basedon nationalprice policy and were stablefrom 1980-88but since then increasedsubstantially.l/ These increasesbrought the procurementprices of wheat,maize and oilseedsclose to worldprices netted back to the farm level. Japonicarice is the onlymain grain which is nowunderpriced, given supply and demand in China. In other cases,official grain prices are also closeto domesticnegotiated prices and marketprices. 5.17 Cottonlint is the only commodityunder the projectwhich is stl subjectto 100 percentstate contractpurchase at prices announcedannually by the government,with armersrequired to produce(as a conditionof their free long-termland leases)according to producdonquotas. The price of cottonwas fixed at Y 2.9/kg from 1984to 1988. This low price wasprimarily responsible for a declinein nationalcotton production. Ihe procurement priceincreased to Y 4.7/kg in 1989and Y 6.01kgin 1990. Togetherwih nonpriceincentives, such as subsidizedfertilier and fuel, these prces have resultedin a substial increasein productionin recentyears. Meatprices are not regulatedand free to varywith the market. 5.18 The input and outputprices used in crop budgetsfor financialanalysis are presentedin Annex 11, Table S. For economicanalysis, World Bank commodityprice projectionshave been usedto calculatethe farm gatevalue of paddy,maize, wheat, soybeans and peanuts. Detailedcalculations can be foundin An 11, Table6.

I/ For isac, thepUrCmDt priceof paddyincreased by 37 percet in 1989and dht of wheat by 25 perct in 1991(to be usedfor 1992winter wheat). -48 -

6 BENEFITS,JUSTIFICATION AND RISKS

A. BENEnm AD JUIrMCAION 6.1 Projectinteventions would resut in strongeragrictural InstUtionsand more effectiveagricultural services at all administativelevels. At the nationallevel, the projectwould benefit a sizeableportion of the couny's 200 million farm familiestbrough (a) better coordon of MOAagriculuual actvities, through improved information exchange, technology transer and policyformulation; (b) stengthenedNAIEC supportto provinc and lowerlevel etension services (technicalassistance, information exchmge and training in extension metodology);(c) modernizedCABMS facilities for prwvidig in-saeviceeducadon to extension workersand farmertechnicians; (d) ehaced DAH capabilityto supportand give tedcnical directionto AHVSCstiroughout the country;(e) upgradedbreeding facilites and production of vaccines,phamaticas and bioproductshfrough selected investments; (t) more effective protectionfrom importd animaland plant pests and disses andbetter services for agricultura exporter throughstrengtiened quarantine services; and (g) Improvedreguation and quality controlof fertlizer, pesticides,seed, feed,pha cals and bio-products. 6.2 At the provincialand lowerlevels, roximay 5.6million farm housholds (m 1,680townshius within 112 project counties) would directly benefit from the projectthrough (a) strongerextension centers with trainedstaff who wouldhave wel-definedfumctions and responsibilides,would be equippedwith improvedresearch, training and com cation facilitiesand wouldbe able to respondmore effectivelyto demandfrom farmers;(b) better farming-systemsresearch and research-ension linkage;(c) newlyestablished or strengthened farmerassociations to providefarmers an opportunityto voiceand help orgae input supply and marketingservices, and (d) competitivecommercial input-supply, seed and animalhealth services. Thtse interventionsat the townshiplevel, and also the correspondingones at the higer county, prefecur/municipal and provincia levels would provide models for restructuringthe crop and livestock extension services in nonpt tin provinces, prefectures/municipalitiesand counties.

6.3 A conservativeapproach to projectbenefits is taken here. The benefitsof Institional strengtheningin terms of incrementalcrop and livestockproduction at the naional levelare not easyto quantify.Hence, attempts have been made to quantifybenefits only in the projecttownships. Furthermore,since it is difficultto disaggregateresults of an improved extensionsystem, on the one hand, and of developmentsin irrigation,input supply, marketing andcredit, on the other,only the benefitsfrom incremental firmer adoptionof improvedpractice (beyonda projectedwithout-project baseline adoption scenario) are assumedto be the resultof the project. -49.

6.4 Threescenarios of diffent nmenntal adoptionrates (par. 5.5 and 5.9) were used to quatfy projectbe vued at 1992 const prices. At fall development(PY 10), net remeal benefts for rps wouldbe Y 384, Y 1,234and Y 1,706millo, rpectively, for Cop Scenarios1,11 and m (&muzI Table 2), and net inmenta beneft for lietock wouldbe Y 607, Y 1,492,and Y 2,230million, reectvely, for Livetock ScenariosI, I and m (Annel, Table 4). B. Er.TwMwr ANDINCoML

6.5 Employnet. Themain employmen effect of theproject woud be a significant reducdonin seasonalundermploymet amongrural labor in and aund the projectare. Averageincremena labor requrementsfor crop ification and incrementallivestock productionof typicalfarming systems would erage30 to 50 petson-daysper householdper annumand couldbe handledmainly within the existig familystructure. (in Heilongjiangand Sichuan, ication of pig and dairyproduction woudd requir aditional hiredlabor, which is amplyavaiable from the underemployedlabor pool twrghout ihe year In bothprovinces.) Besideson-farm employment, there would also be off-farmemployment in handling,distributing andprocessingtheiremental outputoftheprojec Terewouldbesomeinementalpositions for extensionstaff which would be fDledby retrained existg employeesand new recruitment of qualifiedfemaes. 6.6 Ime and Povety Alleton. Thenet incomeof farmfamilies who adopt improvedor new tecnologies under the projectwould be increasedsubsntially. At foil developmentthe projectwould double or triple the incoes of adoptees,depen on the technologylevel. Farm model analysisof projectfarmers in Hunan Provice (AnngdI Table 7) showsthat net familyincome would increase from Y 877 ($160)to Y 1,815($333) with Improvedexisdng technology or to Y 4,550 ($83!) withnew technology.Per capitafamily incomewould increase from Y 237 ($43)to Y 490 ($90)or to Y 1,230($226) in the twocases. Farmmodel analysi for eachprovice is summized in AmexI11 Table8. 6.7 Theprojectwoulddirecdy help to alleviatepoverty ei of the countiesin the projectarea that are classifiedby the govement as amongthe poorestIn China(per capita incomebelow Y 250 ($46),i.e., in Sichuan(Guangan and Lniong countes),Hebei (Qinglong and LInsou counties),Henan yang and Quehanmcounties) and Lianiog (Yld and Jiangchng County). An indicatorof how muchper capitaincome would increase in these countieswith the project is the averagefor ttherespecdve provinces in the two technologycases: Sichuanfrom Y 328 ($60)to Y 518 ($95)or Y 727($133);Hebei from Y 359 ($66)to Y 698 ($128)or Y 1,658($304); Henan from Y 169 ($31)to Y 616 ($113)or Y 1,507($276); for Liaoningfrom Y 370 ($68)to Y 867 ($159)or Y 1,644($302).

C. WOMENIN LOPIEN

6.8 One of the main socialbeneft derivedfrom the projectis the genaion of employmentopporunities for women. With the project,women would have accessto new productivework in a wholerange of actviies fromcrp andlvetock produci to proceing. Emphasiswould be givento the participationof womenin supportservices acities and project relatedtraining for womenwould be increasedto specifiedtagets (up to 40 percent),from nationalto vfllagelevel. Whenconside candates for newstaff andlor inservice taining, female candidateswith similarq catons as males would be selected for professional -so-

developmentopportuniies. Projectsupport units at the comuntyand towhip levds wouldbe expectedto work from the cumnt level of about 10 percentwomen famer pardcipationin trainingcourses toward the goalof 30-35percent fmae participationin farmertraning courses by the end of the project. Aessment wouldbe undertakento determinewhether there is a need to developspecial training courses for womenin speciaizedareas as small-scalelivesck production.Each project unit wouldalso maintainrecords to monitorthe numberaM percent of womenreceiving all types of training,including degree, short-termand farmer training courses.

D. COSr RICOvERY

6.9 Cost recoveryfor the extensionservices provided to the 5.6 mfllionfarmers underthe projectwould come from the taxes collectedon their incrementalcrop and livestock production.These taxes are estmatedto be 5 percentand 6 percentof the incremenalnet value of production.The costrecovery analysis in Annex t Table9 showsthat, at presenttax rates, projectcharges (taxes) would not be sufficientto coverproject costs. Theannual recovery index would be only 12-16percent (deped on the adoptionscenario). It would rise to 16-25percent, discounted over the periodof fulldevelopment, and to 26-103percent, discounted overthe projectlife. 6.10 The projectwould also institutecost recoveryfor servicesrendered to farmers as much as possible. Recurrentcosts of crop and livestockextension would be partially recoveredthrough contract systems involving frmer associations.Many project activities would also adoptappropriate pricing for productsand services,such as seed,quality contol services, quarantineservices, AHVSC services, and SPF vaccine and laboratoryservices, and would thus flly or pardallyrecover their costs. Withthe commercializationof seed companies, involving, amongother things, the maintence of proper accounts,seed wouldbe pricedon the basisof productioncost plus profitmargin. The qualitycontrol laboratories would also chargethe full cost of the servicesprovided to the clients,who wouldbe obligedto meet these costs. The Animaland PlantQuarantine Service is alreadylargely self-financing and wouldcharge the cost of improvedservices to importersand exporters. Thetownship level AHVSCs are expectedto run on commerciallines and obtaintheir financing from the ABCat prevailingrates. The SPF eggproduction unit wouldrecover costs through a 30 percentincrease in the pnie of improved vaccines,thus requiringonly very limited project support.

E. hIPACr ON GOVENMENTBUDT

6.11 Thetoal incrementalrecurrent budget required to keepproject etension services operatingat the samelevel of efficiencyfollowing the loandisbursement period is estimatedat Y 85.9 mfllion($15.8 million) per annum(1992 yua). Ihis representsabout 1 percentof 1990 Governmenttax revenuefrom agriculture and 0.04 percentof recurrentexpenditures allocated to all supportservices in the agriculturalsector in 1990;it wouldbe muchlower in 1998. Of the Y 85.9 million,47 percentor Y 40.1 millionwould be fromcounty and townshipbudgets. Ihe annualincremental recurrent budget requirements at the other administrativelevels would be: Y 4.6 millionfor the nationallevel, Y 17.8million at the provinciallevel and Y 14milion at the prefecturallevel. Ihe impactof these Iemental recurrent expenditureson the adminisative budgets at the various levels of governmentwould be very small when dhivded amongthe large number of project jurisdictions(i.e., 112 counties and 1,680 townships). -51 -

F. FNANCIALAND ECONOMIC ANALYSI

6.12 Thiandal Analyss. Farm-levelfaciaW bendefitsare calcuatedon the bass of the adoptionof improvedexisfig teology and new technologyas both these are promoted under the project. Two cropbudgets (one-ectare models) have been developedfor all major crops and all project provinces. The first modelassumes adoption of Improvedexisting technology;the secondassumes adoption of newtechnology In additionor as substitutionfor it. In the first modelyields would increase; in the secondmodel there wouldalso be benefitsfrom cost reduction. Giventhe price and cost structuresin each province,financial rates of return and net returnper personday for all cropsare substantial.Appendix 11, Table 10 showsthe exampleof Hunm province;detailed crop budgets for otherproject provinces can be foundin the projectfiles (Amx 1I2). 6.13 EconomicAnalyss. Economicanalyses have been carriedout for crop and livestockcomponents separately and for the projectas a wholeusing the incrementalproject benefitsof the three adoptionscenarios described in Chapter5 (i.e., onlyfor the 5.6 million farmersdirectly benefitted). Projectcosm include aU project investment and recurrentcosu, farmproduction costs and physical condngencies. Buildings are assumedto last 20 years,and vehiclesand equipmentwould be replaced every 7 or 8 years. Trainingand local consultant costswould be reducedafter project year 6 and continueat a moderaterate; other recurrent costs are assumedto coninueat the samelevel for the 20-yearperiod as duringproject year 6. 6.14 Worldprice projectionsor averageexport prices actually realized by Chinain 1992were used to estimateconstant farmgate economic prices for traded inputsand outputs. Economicprices for nontraded goods were estimated using conversion factors (Annex I1, Table 11). Theseconversion factors were estmated based on the analysisof the deviationsof social opportunitycosts from the actualfinancial prices prevailing in China,which are causedby taxes and pricedistortions. All economicvalues were convertedto local currencyat the prevailing officialexchange rate of Y 5.45 to $1. Unskilledfarm labor wasvalued at 66 percentof the prevailingaverage wage rate in the projectareas. Based on the above, the results of the economicanalysis are shownin AmegJj,1Tables 12-14 and are summarizedas follows:

Scenario I II III rnin rn ~~En NPVB

Crop 863.5 29.1 3,551.6 66.2 4,995.7 84.5 Livestock 195.5 15.9 1,339.9 30.7 2,484.5 41.2 Project 1,183.3 23.8 4,970.1 48.8 7,558.7 62.5 6.15 Despiteloading all economiccosts on the township-levelinterventions, the results of economicanalysis show high rates of returnfor theproject under all adoptionscenarios. Under theleast favorablescenario (10 percent incremental adoption rate over thesition withoutthe project), ERRs for cropsand livestock were 29 and 16 percent,respectively. Under the morefavorable scenario (42 percent inremenl adopionrate), ERRs for cropsand livestock were85 and 41 percent,respectively. Scenario 1 (32percent incremental adoption rate) would be the mostlikely, and givesERR for cropsand livestockof 66 and 31 percent,respectively, and 49 percen fo)rthe projectas a whole. If unquanied benefits(e.g., benefits deriving from improvedextension services throughout China, not just in the projectarea) weremeasured and incrporatedIn the calculations,these economic rates wouldbe sfillhigher. -52-

6.16 Sensitivityanalyses have been caried out to identifythe minimumadoption rates beforethe projectbecomes economically nonviable. At a discountrate of 12 percent,benefs of the cropcomponent could be reducedby 53 percentbefore they equalcosts; this translates to an adoptionrate of Just4.3 perceLt Lkewise,befis of the livestockcomponent could be reducedby 25 percentbefre they equalcost, tranatig to an adoptionrae of 7.2 percent. The rests of the analysesconfirm hat It would take well less than 10 percent of farm households(560,000 farm households) in the projectarea to adopttechology at the lowestlevel promotedunder the projectover and abovethe adopdonrate epected wilth the project, in orderto justifythe investment.

G. RIsKS 6.17 The main projectrskc is instituonal. The large numberof organizations involvedin implementingthe project and the project's dependenceon revisedmanagement methods,techniques and iformation systems makes Its implementationand supvision difficult, requiringmotivated, sound management. In this rd, Chinahas a good track record in handlingcomplex projects, and implementationof the severalcomponens would be organized throughlargely mdependent chamels. In addition,MOA will have many improvementsin managementin placeor in processbefbre loan approval. Projectleading groups and project ffices/implementationunits have been established at all levelsand are fullyoperational. Apart from the technicaladvisory groups/paels, which advise the projecton technicalmatters, specialized units for procurement, trainingflA and supervisiont/minioringhave also been organizedto coordinateproject acdvities in each of these areas. The restructuingof the extensionsystem and the Departmentof AnimalHusbadry, alreadyin progress, would integrate and streaminethe servicesprovided to farmers. Otherproject risks include the possibilitythat the technologybeing developedand intduced may not be targetedat the main production problemsand may encounteracceptance problems by the farmers. This wouldbe minimized throughthe projectdesign, which is basedon feedbackfrom farmers and verifiedwith farmer participationon farmers'fields. Thereis also the possibilitythat farmerincentves would be erodedin thatinputs, especially ferlizer, wouldnot be availablein the quanitiesneeded for the technologypackages being promoted by the project. Ihese factorsare beyondthe scopeof this project,but are beinghandled through preparation of a seriesof fertlizerindustry projects and the proposedGrain Distributionand MarketingProject, initiallyat least with considerable success. -53 -

7 AGREEMENT REACHEIDAND RECOMMENDATION

7.1 At negotaons, asrances have boee obained from the Bortower that: (a) NATECand DAH wouldbe reorganizedon the basis of an orgaizatonal stucture agreedwith IlDA, to be completedby June 30, 1994(para. 3.3); (b) FA activitieswould be caried out unlertem of referenceand timingagreed wit IIA (par. 3.21); (c) a pilot programfor commercializaionof the seediustry wouldbe submitted to IDA for reviewby July 1, 1994and implmentedthereafter as agreedwith the Association(pam. 3.23); (d) by December31, 1993,the Borrowerwould prepare and firnish to IDAa work planto ensuretia ay quaranineprocedures idenified to be inconsistentwith best iernational practiceswi1l be amendedas agreedwith IDA (para.3.53); (e) all project loca and overse tg, study tours, adaptiveresearch and extson programs,and tecnical asistn wouldbe carriedout in accordance withplans agreed with IDA, and the ProjectMnagement Office would furnisb to IDA for reviewand approvalanmial plans by September30 of each year duringproject mplemeion (para.3.73); (t) the Borrowerwould procure about 660 vehides requiredfor the project in accordace witha plan acceptableto the Associationand wouldfirnish a draft planto the Associadonno laterthan July 1, 1993(pm. 3.82); (g) the SpecialAccount would be auditedby the StateAudit Administaton, and the PMOand PPMOswould maintin consolidatedaccou of all componentsfor annual audiing by indendent audtiors acceptableto IDA and the audited accountstogether with the auditor'sreport would be submittedto IDAwithin six monts of the closeof eachfinancial year (para. 3.87); 0h) the project provinceswould enter into Project Imp ion Agreemen (PIAs)with MOF and MOA,to ensure ht their projectcomponent is carried out, and creditfunds would be onlent(par 4.4); (I) the PMO,PPMOs, and PIUswould be manined and adequatelystffed with ualifiedpersomel during the life of the project, with staff composition acceptale to IDA (pa. 4.4); and -54 -

0) MOPwould onlend the pordonof the IDA creditfor provincialcomponen to the provincesunder the PMAs,at an annualinterst re of 4 percet, with a rpayment periodof 20 years, inclusiveof six yeas' graceperiod (para. 4.5); and (k) the PMOwould underta a mid-em rWiewof the projectjointy withIDA by December31, 1995(pia. 4.6).

7.2 Conclusion of all the Project Implemenon Agreements with participating province sactory to IDAand State Council approval of the DevelopmentCredit Agreement, wouldbe conditionsof crediteffcdveness. 7.3 Subjectto the aboveconditions, the proposedproject would constite a suitable bass fbr an IDA creditof SDR83.7 million($115.0 miUlion equivalent) on standardIDA terms with35 yeas matuity. he Borrowerwould be the People'sRepublic of China. - 55 -

ANNM Page 1 of 7 CIA

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Basic Data on Prolect Provinces

The Prolect Provinces

1. The basic features of the twelve provinces selected for implementationof the different field service components,viz. Beijing, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanghai and Sichuan are given below.

Agiliuglitv

2. Beijing, capital of People's Republic of China and commnication center of politics and culture, is located in the North-west corner of Huabei plain, East longitude 115 25'- 117 30', North latitude 39 26'- 41 05', with 1,680,800ha total area. Beijing is in charge of 4 urban districts,6 near suburban districts, 9 far suburban counties (districts),291 townships,and 4,129 villages,with 10,205,800 total population, and 1,861,220 farm laborers.

3. Beijing's geographicalfeatures are 55% mountain areas in Vest and North region, 39% plain areas in South-East region. Average precipitationis approximately630 mm for the plain area, 11.6' average temperature,180-200 days frost-freeperiod, >10C accumulatingtemperature 4,1541C, and 2778 annual sunshine hours.

4. There are 415,870 ha. total cultivatedarea of which 74% is irrigatedareas. According to the region, there are three kinds of cropping systems, two crops a year in plain area, three crops in two years in hilly area and one crop a year in North- West area. The main crop is grain with a multiple crop index of 142%; and production is 2,392,000 tons (1990). The factorswhich influenceagricultural developmentare lack of funds; incompleteand weakness in basic facilitiesof the agrotechnical extension service system compared with agricultural machinery or water conservancy facilities; and low cultural level of farmers.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re"ion

5. Guangxi covers a total area of 23.67 million ha. In 1989, there was a population of 41.5 million, of which agriculturalpopulation occupied 87t. The region is divided into 8 prefectures,5 cities under its administration,38 counties, 1,401 towns and 14,923 villages. It is topographicallyinclined from northwest toward southeastand surroundedby hilly areas. The mountain areas occupy 60.3% of its total area, the hilly land 16.9%, the plain (includingbasins) 20.8% and the rivers and reservoirs2.0%. There is a 1,595-km-longcoast line. Belonging to subtropicalmonsoon zone, Guangxi's average annual temperatureis 17-22'C, its annual sunshine hours are 1,400-1,800hrs., its frost-freeperiod is 300-330 days and its average annual rainfall is 1,550.5 am (mainly in the period from May to August). - 56 -

Page 2 of 7

6. Guangxi's cultivated area is 2,578,000ha, including1,587,000 ha. of paddy field and 991,000 ha. of dry land. The main cropping system is based on two crops a year, with some areas producing only one crop and others, three crops a year. The multiple crop index is 190%. In 1989, Guangxi's total grain output reached 13,017,100 tons, including 11,323,810tons of paddy rice and 1,222,300 tons of maize. The total output of raw sugarcanewas 14,107,000 tons and that of oil crops, with peanut as the main content,was 230,150 tons. The major restricting factors for agriculturalproduction, besides less cultivated land and effective irrigation area, are insufficientfacilities for popularizingagricultural techniques, backward service means, lack of necessary audio-visualeducation, checking and testing equipments and communicationmeans, and lack of systematicaltraining for agriculturaltechnical service staff, who are still unqualified for their works, and which delays acceptance of improved technology.

Hebei Province

7. Hebei Province covers a land area of 188,000 km and has a population of 58.81 million persons of which 85% belong to rural households. Administratively,the province is subdivided into 18 prefectures,140 counties,3,369 townships and over 50,574 villages. About 37% of the province is in mountainousareas, 10% in the Bashang plateau, and only 30% occupies the plains. The climate is characterizedby a cold winter with sparse snowfall,dry windy spring, rainy hot summer and cool autumn. The annual solar radiation is 2,450-3,100hours, the annual average temperatureis llC to 140C and the frost-freeseason is 80-205 days. The annual average precipitationtotals 350-815 mm, most of it (65-80%) concentratedin summer.

8. The total cultivated area is 6.56 million ha, of which 554 is irrigated. The province is divided into two major cropping areas, a single cropping area comprising the northern and mountainous western parts and a double cropping area comprising the central and southern parts. The overall multiple cropping index is 134. The major crops produced are vheat (8.6 million tons), maize (7.7 million tons), cotton (536,000 tons) and oilseeds (559,900 tons). Constraintsquoted by provincial officials as hindering increasedagricultural production include: poor agro- technical extension systems due to lack of qualified and trained staff, especially at township level; lack of laboratory,training and extension equipment and vehicles; and inadequate or dilapidatedseed processing facilities.

HeilongjiangProvince

9. HeilongjiangProvince lies in the northeastpart of China, extending from 43'25'N to 53-33', and between 121V11'E and 135005'E,extends 1,120 km from its southern to northern border and 930 km from its eastern to western border. The total area of the province amounts to 453,900 ki2; its topography features 37% plain areas, 36% hilly areas, 25% mountainousareas, and 3% river areas. The province has a 3-river plain in the northeastand Songnen Plain in the west, which is famous for its stretchesof flat land and fertile soil and is considered one of the three largest black soil regions in the world.

10. HeilongjiangProvince has a populationof 34.42 million, of which 10.84 million is agricultural,accounting for 31.5%. The province has 10 municipalities and 4 prefectures,covering 15 cities, 53 counties and 1 minority autonomouscounty, - 57 -

Page 3 of 7 with 1,157 townships and 14,469 villages.

11. The cultivated land in Heilongjiangextends over 8.83 million ha and has 11 soil types, but black soil accounts for 58.5% of total cultivated land. The irrigated land comes to 170,000 ha, accountingfor 2% of total cultivated land. Heilongjiangadopts one crop per annum system. Its staple crop production is grain, includingwheat, corn, soybeanand rice and its sown area accounts 86% of total sown area in Heilongjiang. In a normal year as 1989, the total grain production reached 16.689 million tons, including2.317 million tons of rice, 3.673 million tons of wheat, 6.152 million tons of corn and 2.918 million tons of soybean.

12. HeilongjiangProvince is one of the coldest provinces in China. The annual mean temperatureis between -4-5°C,reaching -40'C in winter and 38"C in summer. The effective accumulatedtemperature above 1O0C is between 1,8000C and 2,600°C. The annual precipitationaverages 530 mm. The annual sunlighthours varies between 1,092-1,362. The frost-freeperiod lasts for 100-140 days and the freezing period 120-170 days.

13. In recent years, Heilongjianghas seen a rapid developmentin agriculturebut there are still some factors affectingstable and high-yield agricultural production: insufficientinputs, shortage of funds, obsolete extension means, and low level of farmers' ki.owledge.

Henan Provi_nee

14. Henan is situated astride the Yellow River in east-centralChina. It is bordered by Shandong and Anhui to the east, Hebei and Shanxi to the north, Shaanxi to the west and Hubei to the south. The province has a population of about 82.3 million - the second largest in China - with 87% in farm households. It has a land area of about 167,000 kmn. About 56% of the land is flat land in the North China Plain; the remainder is composed mostly of hilly and undulating lands outside the plain. Administratively,the province is divided into five prefectures and 12 municipalities,with 158 counties and 2,128 townships. The climate is continental and monsoonal with average annual rainfall of 785 mm, ranging from 600 to 1,200 mm.

15. Of the 16.7 million ha in the province, 6.9 million (42%) are arable and 3.4 million of these (49%) are irrigated. Pasture covers about 0.3 million ha, fruit orchards about 0.5 million ha, forest about 1.7 million ha, and wasteland and non- agriculturalland about 7.3 million ha. The total cropped area in 1989 was estimated at 11.7 million ha, indicatinga 167% cropping intensity. Wheat is the most important,covering 49% of the cropped area, followed by corn 21%, cotton 9%, soybeans 7%, sweet potatoes 6%, rice 4%, and peanuts 4%. The total grain production in 1989 was 31.5 million tons, cotton 0.5 million tons, and oilseeds 1.2 million tons. The livestockpopulation in the province is estimatedto include 8 million cattle, 1.2 million sheep, 10 million goats and 14 million pigs.

16. The importantconstraints to increasingcrop yields and production in the province are the lack of fertilizers,irrigation water and certified seeds of improve varieties, on the one hand, and the presence of waterlogging,excess salinity, drought and flooding,on the other. In the case of livestock, the main constraints are the lack of feed resources, incompleteservice system, and need to upgrade the skills of extensionstaff. - 58 -

ANNEXX Page 4 of 7

4unan Province

17. Hunan Province has a total area of 21.182 million ha and a population of 60.136 million inhabitants,85% of whom are agricultural. The mean annual rainfall is 1,250-1,750mm, the mean annual temperature16-18 0C and frost-freeperiod 261-313 days. Annual sunshine hours amount to 1,300 to 1,900. These are excellent climatic conditions for livestock development.

18. Presently, 3.319 million ha (17% of the total land area of the province)are under crops, 5.7 m ha are in grassy mountains and slopes, and 1.3 m ha comprise water bodies. Hunan province has 14 prefectures,195 counties, 2,807 townshipsand over 48,468 villages. In 1989, the annual grain output is 26.75 million tons and the production of various types of stalks is 30.0 m tons and of grasses 52 million tons, providing 2.5 million tons of forage. In 1989, 55 million hogs were raised of which 28.7 million were sold for meat. Annual meat hog production has been increasing at the rate of about 6% in recent years and the export of hogs from Hunan Province has been around 8 million head per annum. Other livestock in the province includes:4.0 million head of cattle and horses, 0.7 million head of goats, 153 million poultry and 0.9 million rabbits. Total meat output is about 1.94 million tons. Livestock accounted for 36.7% of province's total agriculturalproduction value and 60% of its foreign exchange earnings in 1989.

19. Important constraints in livestockservices to farmers in Hunan Province include: poor training of technicalpersonnel; uncoordinated breeding activities; shortage of veterinary chemicals; lack of integrationwith forage and feed production; an unorganizedmarketing system; and inadequateand inefficient processing plants for livestockproducts.

Jiangsu Province

20. Situated along the eastern coast of China and the lower reaches of Yangtze river and Huai river, Jiangsu province covers a total surface of 102,600 sq. km. or approximately1% of the land in China. The province is flat, scatteredwith numerous rivers and lakes. The plains fresh water bodies and hills represent68.8%, 16.9%, and 14.3% of the provincial area, respectively. The total population is 65 million, with 51.6 million (80%) in rural area. There are 11 cities under the jurisdictionof the province,which in turn administer 64 counties or county-level cities; there are 1,909 townshipsand 36,143 villages.

21. Jiangsu enjoys the natural favors of both the northern and the southern China as it is located in the transitionzone dominatedby the warm temperateand the 0 subtropical climates with the average annual temperatureof 140c (from -16 C to 400C), 210-245 frost-free days and 550-1520mm annual precipitation. The simultaneousnessof rainy season and hot summer, in addition to the abundant sunshine, favors the production of rice, wheat, cotton, and rapeseed.

22. Of the 4.6 million ha arable land (4.7% of the national arable land), 3.6 million ha. (80%) are under effective irrigationsystems. The agriculturein Jiangsu is well-known for its intensivecrop husbandry. With only 1% of the land area of China and 4.6% of the arable land, Jiangsu produces over 8% of the food grains, 13% of the cotton, 9% of the oilseed, 7%'of the meat, 10% of the - 59 -

ANEX I Page 5 of 7

aquatic product and 20% of silkworm cocoons.

23. The major constrainingfactors in Jiangsu agricultureare the lack or poor quality of seeds, fertilizersand pesticides at farm level, and the weakness of extension service.

Jilin Province

24. Jilin Province has a total land area of 187,400 k)2, with a population estimated at about 25 million, with about 60% classifiedas rural. The province is organized into 9 prefectures,59 counties/cities,929 townships,and 10,300 villages. Of the total land area of 18.7 million ha, forest land is 47%, followed by arable land 22%, grassland 14%, and water area 5%. The province has a continentalmonsoon climate with an annual average temperatureof 2-6°C (5-60C in the west plains) and the lowest in January reaching -18 to -200C. The frost-free period is from 125-150 days, and average annual sunshsineis from 1,348 to 1,644 hours. Rainfall averages 400-1,600 mm per annum of which about 78% occurs from June to September. Winter is generally long and dry with snowfall. Droughts in spring and waterloggingand flooding of low-lyingland in summer occur in some years.

25. The total cultivated land at present is 4.04 million ha of which about 16% (660,000ha) are irrigated. Because of the long cold winter, area sown annually is only 4.06 million ha, of which 3.5 million ha (87%) is devoted to food crops (maize - 63%, paddy - 11%, soybean - 13%), oilseed - 5%, vegetables - 4%, fruit - 1S, sugarbeet 1% and others 2%. Total output of the main crops--maizeis 12.6 million tons, paddy 2.3 million tons, and soybean 882,000 tons. Although irrigation, drainage andiflood protectionworks have been undertaken in the past to overcome waterloggingand flooding,there is scope for further irrigationand drainage works to increase crop yields and incomes of the affected farmers. Shortage of inputs, particularlyfertilizer and diesel and weak extension systems (inadequatetraining, equipment and operatingbudgets) are the main constraintsto higher productivity. Per capita consumptionof meat in the province was 10.67 kg in 1990, marginally lower than the national average of 11.3 kg. Animals are raised on crop residues supplementedby grazing in natural grass and wastelands. Grasslands,mostly located in the northeast of the province, have the potential for more efficient use for livestock development. There is a need to improve livestockextension services which are hampered by a lack of transportation,communication, equipment and operatingbudget.

Liaoning Province

26. Liaoning Province has a total area of 145,700 sq. km., and a population of 38,760,000 of which 58% is rural population. There are 14 municipalities,75 counties, 1,248 townships and 15,726 villages. 49% of the area is mountainous terrain, 33.4% plain and 6.8% water body. Liaoning enjoys a continentalclimate controlled by monsoon which provide four distinct seasons; high temperaturesand plentiful rain are concentratedin the summer. The annual radiation is about 2,270 to 2,990 hours. The average temperatureis S.C to lOC and >10°C accumulited temperatureis about 3,400eC to 3,6001C (80% of which concentratedin the period from May to September). The frost-freeperiod lasts 150 to 180 days. The annual precipitation ranges from 250 mm to 1,850 mm (80% of which concentratedin the - 60 -

ANNEI Page 6 of 7 periodfrom May to September).

27. The province has 3,630,400ha. of cultivatedland, of which 21% is irrigated. The maJor crops are corn, rice,sorghum, wheat, soybean and peanut,etc. In 1989 (normalyear's harvest), the totalyield of grain and bean is 13,072,000tons, includingcorn, 6,811,200tons (8.6%of the nationalcorn yield);rice, 3,402,000 tons (25% of the nationalGeng rice yield);sorghum, 1,610,000 tons (28%of the nationalsorghum yield). Besidesthese, the provincealso producesapples (15% of the nationalapple yield) and trussercocoons (more than 75% of the nationaltrusser cocoonyield). 28. The followingfactors shape the developmentof the provincialagriculture: the decreasein the area of cultivatedland; shortageof the means for agri-production; imperfect agricultural support services system; and its infrastructure and service means are inadequate. Shaan,iProvince 29. ShaanxiProvlnce covers an area of 205,583km. There are about 32,750,190 population,with about 82% in the ruralarea. The provinceis dividedinto 10 prefectures,107 counties,2,621 townships,and 32,499villages. Accordingto naturalconditions there are threemain areas: Loessplateau and high land in the North (45%),Cuanzhong basin plain in the middle (18%),and Qinba mountainsin the South (37%). There are great differencesbetween south and north of Shaanxi Province,in termsof not only geographybut also in the climaticconditions; in general,it belongsto continentalmonsoon climate. Annualradiation is about 1,349- 2,930hours. The mean temperaturein the whole provinceis 5.9-15.7'C.The frost-freeperiod is 155-240days. The annualmean precipitationis about 600-800 mm. Shaanxi province is one of the important agriculture production areas in China. There are about 3,541,060ha. cultivatedland, of which 32* is irrigated.The major crops cultivatedin Shaanxiare wheat,maize, rice, sorghum, soybean, millet, potatoes,rapeseed, and cotton. In 1990, the totalgrain production reached 10,700,000tons. The productionof oil bearingcrops reached 333,000 tons and cottonreached 77,000 tons.

30. The main restrictionsfor agriculturaldevelopment in ShaanxiProvince are insufficient training for the agriLextension staff and lack of extension equipment, seed processing machines and fertilizer, as well as training facilities. ShanghaiMuniciualitv

31. Shanghaimunicipality covers a land area of 634,050ha. and a suburban populationof 5.26 million,of which 78.6% is agrieultural.Administratively, the municipalltyis subdivLdedinto 10 counties,210 townships,and 3,034villages, and has 1.3874million households. Shanghai belongs to the subtropiealzone with warm weatherand four distinctseasons. The annualmean temperatureis 16.1C, the frost-free season is 225-236 days, and the annual average precipitationis 1,000- 1,100 mm.

32. The total area of suburbanShanghai is 559,100ha., the total cultivatedarea is 307,350ha., of which 100% is irrigated.The topographyis plain,with an - 61 -

ANNE X Page 7 of 7

avArage elevation of 4 meters; the lowest elevationis 2.2 meters. The major crops cultivated in Shanghai are rice, wheat, cotton, and rapeseed. There are two kinds of crpvping systems: two crops a year, wheat (or rapeseed) - rice, and three crops a year, wheat-corn-rice. The multiple cropping index is 194%. The total grain production in 1989 was 2.37 million tons, of which rice was 1.82 million tons, rapeseed 150,000 tons, cotton is 7,685 tons. The major constraintsto increased farm production are as follows: shortage of natural agricultureresources, especially land; low price of farm production and high price of agriculture inputs; poor quality of labor force, lack of laboratory,training and extension equipment; and shortage of technicalstaff.

Sichuan Province

33. Sichuan is the most populous (107.0 million people in 1989) and the fifth largest (567.6 thousand kmn) province in China. Some 85% of its population is agricultural. Administrativelyit is divided into 21 municipalities/prefectures, 217 counties, 8,554 townshipsand some 76,479 villages. The province comprises three major natural regions: the large, rich and fertile Chengdu plain, occupying 27% of the area; the West Plateau, with 45% of the area and supportingmainly cattle and fruit production; and the southwestarea (28% of total), includinga river basin area suitable for grains, sugarcaneand tobacco, and a cool mountainousarea supporting corn, potato and cattle productiost.The main productionareas have annual mean temperaturesof 16-180C, 1,000-1,400sunshine hours per year, 280-350 frost-free days per year and an annual precipitationof 1000-1,200mm. A whole range of crops is grown in one, two or three seasons per year in the varied agro- ecological settings available.

34. In 1989, there were 6.3 million ha of cultivated land, (1ll of the area of the province) of which about 56% was irrigated. The province produced ibout 40.8 m tons of grain (52% rice, 15% wheat) or 10% of the nation's grain output. It is also responsible for one third of the national output of rapeseed,citrus and silkworm cocoons. Livestockproducts in Sichuan Province included 4.1 million tons of meat and 254 thousand tons of milk in 1988. Twenty percent of the pigs in China are raised in this province. The major constraintsto increasedfarm production (other than limitationsof land and water) are the poorly trained and poorly equipped agro- technical extension services and the inadequatesupply of quality inputs (seed, fertilizer,animal feed, vaccines, etc.). AgricAltwrl SmWrt Se e Project Bsic Prect Proincat Statfstlc

Ita Ullt Beijian egel llelilugjenw tleont Jil_ue SO i 6uMiNI Si_ _f_ bA Jlin ...... ,... ,,...,.. ,... ., ..... 5,,.40, ..... 1"S7'... 02'0 ...... A. totalAra'000 h 1,681 18,769 45,400 14,50 te,260 ...... S...... M,. o. tttte 6423,670 56,t60 2058. i,a5 16,700 18.100 t. Aa A" Teratwe deree C. 11.6 -0.3 - U 5 - 4 7 14 16.1 t-22 16-18 12.9 16.6 12.8 5.6 2. heri AePrecipitetia e 630 350-,lS 530 600 1.017 1,332 1.551 1000-1200 3. Frost free 6- I23-1698 50065s period de 1t5 0-20 100-140 1t50-I8O 220 236 300-330 2B0-350 tSS-240 C. Adelmistretian "too 262-2M 180238 110-1SO 1. seo.Of ftoftue Ml. 0 t8 U 14 11 0 13 2. o. of Coeties 21 to 1 17 9 lo. 14 t40 69 7s 6 22 BB go. of T_uualps 217 1t0 6 158 5 3. go. 291 3,369 t,tS7 1,248 1,909 210 1.401 8,5S4 4. o. of VItlaes 26n p0r 2.12 929 ll. 4.129 50s,74 14,"9 1S726 36.143 3,034 14.923 76m479 32.499 3.448 47,804 10,300 S. to. of Fem Nowsohaltda '000 1.215 12,759 3,974 S,882 14U74 1t,387 0. Peuhltion 7.2r9 24,338 6,282 96 6.312 totat Pqptation &O0 1t.206 t. 58.810 34.424 38,760 65.399 5,25941.s0o 107.003 32,750 4. 27V 6,870 24,402 2. kirhu '000 6.306 8,no 23.S84 16.247 13,7n 809 1S, 3. ualt S.490 5S932 @606 11447 9,44 '000 3,900 s0,100 10t80 22s513 s1.620 4,4S0 36,010 91,223 26,s18 3.6n 75.423 4. AveragewaerJhm.e No. 14.65 3.2 3.9 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.1 4.9 3.7 4.1 3.6 4.0 3.8 E. tote taborFore 000 1C,61 22,72 s,1n e,865 2,638 2,S00 15,so 48,003 11,566 1.824 3s,106 6,144 2. Active Lao forc,tUlSty go. 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.9 F. Cultivated Land 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.5 '.7 1. Taota Are O 000 ha 416 6,560 8,026 3,630 4,558 307 2. Pauy 2,520 6,307 3541 - 251 6,920 3I939 '000 ha 32 137 609 S40 2,804 298 1se57 3,222 3. Dry LW 16s 190 422 419 '0000he 110 6,423 .217 3,090 1.7S4 10 991 3,086 3,372 61 4. ir`lpted Are 000 ha 6,498 3,531 274 3,S4S 17t 223 585 0 56 307 967 0 3,054 463 5. Areejausedotd ha 0.34 0.s 2.22 0.6 0.3 0.22 0.3S 0.26 0.56 o.27 0.9 4. autipteCrep t 142 134 100 20 184 194 190 15 B. AnusalCrop Proiactlin 11s 247 173 103 Total Protin *. rasn '000 ha 2,m 20,68s 1s,69 13,072 32,820 2,36S 13,017 40,835 10,495 2,132 2. Alo - Areo 7,010 3,526 o be 36 14 60 540 2,420 258 2,492 3,113 360 477 - Yield to8 4t8 kW& 6,5s4 6,111 3.*2s 6,28s 7,3S0 7,020 4,S45 6,855 6,255 10.605 - latuBa Yue.n 3,621 3,996 1,670 4,050 2.48t 1,350 2s507 3.Uwet-A*ea 'OebOh 2,001 1200-iso0 7,438 1,800 1,637 183 2,453 1,682 31 35,303 70 29 2,919 1s,687 4 4,90 60 - tield kgi 4,961 3t48S 2,190 2,400 3,600 3,435 975 2,895 2.790 1.380 - 1rpetaa Tian 2,157 1,6,3 800 1,6s0 1,72 1,650 210 1,662 1300- 600 1.97 1A0 1,167 4. Maize - Area '000 ii. 219 1,t995 1,904 * 1,320 501 6 533 6 1,020 s 2,087 2,219 tld a ,163 3,076 3,225 5,535 s,1606,6ss 2,9 3,660 3,180 1,305 - IutshA Tuan 1467 1,217 932 t1200 1,350 1,500 2,463 S. 1,749 1200-1300 2.2SS 1800 1,216 Sayasi - Area '000 ha 14 416 2,264 381 309 9 204 191 Yield 6S0 12 S5S 46 - kg/ha 2,300 1,065 1,2n5 ts S,965 2.s38 195 1 650 930 1,245 -1 lutaiba tan 610 670 d1 1,350 m 1soo 6. Cotten 1,209 1,217 4e0-00 t1ss6 t,m0 761 - Aem 00OOhA 3 8 s 16 535 11 0 116 - field 113 tt 1,143 - k 960 6t 0 750 900 72 0 735 690 1.14 - quVtC/ Yan 2,250 2,380 0 1,9O 2,300 1,21s 0 3,198 450-2700 5.124 1,800 - 7. Smpase -Ar*a 'CODOh 13 564 134 34 s82 92 1,805 Yield 963 300 62 246 - kbU 2,220 993 9n 1,24s 1.710 1,24 ,275 145S 1.200 wo - qlauht Yuen 3,601 3,85 640 1,20 93 9"0 2,420 8 11500-1900 1,m72 1. Aa,sa Llvatoek F itian 1,eo0 - 1. Cattle - Nudit '000 8 5,554 2,t40 1,509 m1 79 28t 648 2,416 8 sa7s ,883 *Preatlon oeo ton 8 70 29 34 16 0 24 64 32 I 2,127 340 2. PIe - MIkr '000 4,168 14,808. 54." to,"S 20,419 3,613 9,394 s5,456 8,122 1,78 13,200 - Pro~ectimn ton 6 D000 1S7 1,1s6 296 741 1431 233 769 3,748 391 116 13,230 4,196 X 3. Steep- _aher 'O00 847 6,784 2,63 2,672 7,655 218 182 2,109 6,126 22 11,859 2,336 Pro"ttionn Oeo ton 7 as 7 3 66 3 2 32 20 00e650 6 29 4. Poultry Ie 000 34,768 49,nr737 2 92,850 243,811 25,532 101tm 361,220 15,10t 7,094 2t6,M 6I,752 *P r6ctlon 'OOo ton 63 A1 75 112 31? 139 124 300 IT 8 J. _spit Valtue 116,304 42,4L9 I. Agricutture Wt VAlU it Yum 19,762 33,30 96,695 113,50 224,512 30,875 539,16 167,496 55,450 6,1 53,105 20,890 2. Prceof rain Prottin 1t7 Is 12 9 3s s 22 It. ferr's trfc 2t 17 29 l2 t6 I. Amami Inncaes/Capita tmi 1,3 589 535 5so 824 1,221 483 495 434 612 5t9 t7 usS, 227 100 98 106 162 224 a9 2. Pcat f s1o0 123 98 129 GrainPretdicon 50 43 6U 40 39 7 54 38 34 57 60

Smes P"oinil Statlist Suaa. a t192 r/2/9 ht 1 -63 - Table 2 Page 1

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

AgrotechnicalExtension Comionent--Prolect Areas

PATEC NATEC _ TATES Province Municipality/ County No. of Prefecture TATES

Beijing Tongxian 11 Shunyi 14 Hiyun 12 Huairou 11

Guangxi Guilin Lipu 10 Gongeheug 9 Pingle 10 Wuzhou Hexian 10 Tengxisn 10 Zhongshan 10

Hebei Baoding Zhuozhou 12 Rongcheng 10 Xushui 11. Langfang Sanhe 11 Bazbou 13 YonSqing 10 heailoUgitang Wuchang 10 Fujin 10 Ningan 10 Zhaozhou 10 Keshan 10

Hunan Yiyang Nanxtan 10 Taojlang 20 -64 - AM I Table 2 Page 2

PATEC HATICC CATEC TATES Province Muuimipality/ County No. of Prefecture TATES

Jiangeu Suzhou Runshan 14 Wujiang 15 Wuxian 22 Yangzhou Taizing 15 Yizheng 10 Hanjiang 11 JLngijiang 13 Ludong 10 RaLan 10

Liaoning Jinzhou Yixian 10 Beizhen 10 Jinsian 10 Dandong Fengeheng 12 Kuandian 10 Zhenuanqu 9

ShasnxL Wein4n Nancheng 10 Chengeheug 10 Tonaguan 9 Hanshong Nan heng 20 Mianxian 10 Chenggu 20

Shanghai Fengxian 10 Chuansha 10

Sichuang Leshan Leshanshizhongqu 15 Neishan 20 Renshou 20 Nanchong Guangan 20 Yunshan 20 Langzhong 20

Total

110- L 5_2 4 -65 - Tle 3 Page 1

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Seed Proloct Areas

Prefecture/ Province Municipality County

Toagziln Beijing Shunyi Ruairou Miyun Tanqing

Yulin Beiliu 3uangxl Lutchuian Wuzhou Tengxian Hexian

Shijlazhuang Xinle Hebei Liugehon Langfaung Yongqing Bazhou

PuJin Heilonjiang Zhaozhou Ningan xeshan Wuchang

YiYang Nanxian Luna Taoji ang Chengzhou Yongxing Anren

wantong Raian Jiangsu Rudong Rugao Zhsnjiang Yengzhang Dantu

Dandong Pengeheng Lisonulg Rusndian J4nxi Jianchang _iugcheng A&Iz-1 - 66 - Table 3 Page 2

Prefecture/ Province Municipality County

Shaanxi Baoji Meixian Qianyang Hanzhong Nanzheng Mianxisan

Shanghai Jiading Chuaneha

Sichuan Neijiang Lezhi Ziyang Nanchong Guangan Yingshan Total

10 41 - 67 - 1 Tabe 1

AICULTURAL SOR SERVICESPROJ%CT

Livestock Prolect Areas

Prefecture/ Province Municipality County Township

Beijing Tongxian S Shunyi 5 Miyun 4 Huairou 4

Guangxi Binyang 6 Yongning 6 Guigasg 5 Bobai 6 Rongxian 6 Repu 4 Laibin 4 Rex. an 6

Rebei Baodiug Zhuoz:ou 6 Dingthou, 6 Q±nhsangdao Changli 4 qinglong 6 Lnf an8 Yongqing 5 Bazhou 5

K.ilongj Qiqihar Puyu 6 DumenSg 4 Song80a ian Mulan 6 Shangzbl 5 Suihue ZEhaodeng 6 And, 4 Wangktai 4 udaujantg Muling s

Renam Luoyang Ruyang 5 YichLuen S Pl.gdingsban JiazX4n 5 Yezian 6 Zhumadian queshAi 5 Suiping 5 AMB- - 68 - Tsblo4 Paso 2

Prefecturea Province Municipality County Township

Bunan Yu.yang Yueyang 6 Pingjiang 6 Zhuxhou Liling 6 Youxlan 6 Hengyang Hengyang 6 Rengshan 4 Jilin Changehun Nong'an 6 Yushu 5 Siping Gongzhuling 5 Yitong 6 Jilin Jilin Jiaoqu 4 Yongji 5 Jiache 3

Shanghai Shongjiang 4 Pengxian 4 Sichuan uNnchons LangSzhong 21&* 41b -6 Tuechi 21A+ 4/b -6 Kianyang Santai 2/A+12&l-14 Jiangyou 2Jj+ 41b- 6 Wenjiang 3 Zhongjimng 21&+10.b-12 Shehong 2/+aOl-12 Pengshan 3

56 ~~~~~308 la District 1k Township -69 - Table $ Page 1

AGRICULTVRALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Anlmaland Plant Ouarantine Centers

Service Workingstaticn Workingcharacteristic

Beijing Wulidian,Balishuang, seeds,seedlings, animal, CapitalAirport poultry Dalian Jinzhou,Yinkou, grain,cotton, seedlings, Bayuquan, Ganjingxhi seeds, timber, fruit Erlian Erlian timber, animal products Fuzhou Majiang, Airport grain, flower Gongbei Guanzha, Zongshan, animal, poultry, meat, Wanzhai, Jiuzhou, Doumen egg, milk Guangzhou Lianhuashan, Pusbau, pig, grain, timber, Airport flower, hair/feather Raikou Sanya,Xingang, grain, seeds, seedling., Qinglan, Yangpu fish, animal, poultry

uRaghzou seeds, seedlings, flower, hair,vegetable

Harbin Heihe,Tongjisng, Jiiamus, grain,vegetable, timber Hulanfenhe

Kunming Ruili,Wanding, monkey,cattle, Rengma,Xishusagbann flower

Manzhouli Shibali,Heishantou, Shiwei timber,agricultural products lanjing Xinshenvei,Zhengjieng wheat,cotton, timber, Zhangjiagang,wantong timber,seeds, seedlings

Qingdao Shijiu, Lanshan grain, timber seeds,seedlings, poultry,cattle

Shanghai Wushong,Wujing Port grain,timber, cotton, HongqiaoAirport fisbmeal,hair/feather _ 70 Table S Page 2

Service Workingstatiou Workingcharacteristic

Sheuzheu Wenjindug,Luohu, Shekou, poultry,animal products Shatoujisa Ruan88an8 pig, vegetable, Aotou,Nuizhou, Dapean, fruit Airport

Wulumuqi Xinjiang Region seeds, seedlings, chicken,frozen fish

Xiamen Dongshan, Longhai, aquatic products Airport

Yantai Weibai, Longkou wheat, timber, fruit Shidao foodstuff 1.~~~~~~7 - 71.- AREx 2 table 1

CNINA Ag*leouIrnjsP8upcert Iavfas Prel c: Ttaeg PraIsc: Cas: Simry

0 Yuan 040 U5 X Totat ...... *.-.------X rteec Local foirefgn Tacit Lecat forEsig Total Exca)twve Costs ,......

A. C-2':/I:eslnsa . Nat:onalt Aio-Tseemieat 26,934. ZS,1e2.0 35,0%6.0 4,942.0 5,16?.0 1¢,1C9.0 51.1 5.1 2. ASro-TOMicat Itx. Ccv. 190,136.0 208,913.3 39,049.3 34,17a.4 3d,m33.1 73,220.3 52.4 36.4 Sut-*o:at 2?7,070.0 237,075.3 454,145.3 39,819.C 43,340.1 83,319.5 52.2 41.8 S. Seed 1. Seed SUpty 46,012.2 46,642.7. 92,65'.9 8,"2.5 8,558.3 17,00 .8 30.3 8.5 3.5 2. Seed ousLity C*ftrot 1i,7?4.9 18,514.3 38,24.2 3,625.5 3,397.1 7,025.6 48.4 Sub*To:aL 45,7tt.t 63,157.0 134,944.1 12,071.0 1,953.4 2',02S.4 49.8 12.1 C. Ovestaci 1. fieLd Livestock Sevcs 179,506. 186,995.? 366,502.2 32,9"7.0 34,31t.1 67,241.1 51.0 33.8 2. Ltv"eoI SuWpt: Svtces 20,552.6 20,883.6 4t,43.2 3, 1.1 3,613.2 7,603.3 54.4 3.8 3. Custity Ccntrt *t8,01t.0 19,492.4 37,509.6 3,304.0 3,576.6 4,882.4 52.0 3.5 Sub-TotaL 211,014.1 227,373.9 .44,450.0 40,014.1 4t,719.9 81,734.0 51.0 41,0 -. Quarantine Services 21,678.0 32,764.0 54,142.0 4,014.3 6,011.4 10,025.9 * 60.0 5.0 Total oae, Costs 522,311.2 362,370.2 1,035,181.4 95,928.8 103,17.0 199,115.8 51.8 1*0.0 Physicat Contingencis 42,181.? 45,853.6 88,035.3 7,739.4 8,413.3 1e,152.9 $2.1 8.1 Price Contingencis 85,434.? 78,795.1 14,229.8 11,988.0 11,036.6 23,024.6 47.9 11.6

...... ,,. . Totat Preais: Costs 630,427.6 48,018.9 1,337,4.3 115,656.2 122,637.1 238,293.3 5t.5 119.7 I as*auWusas*NBuauuUauUUm**s~usussuuswusm SSUUUUSU*S , ...... * Januar^y20, 1993 - 72 - ANNEX2 Table 1.1 UINA Agelcuttwel Support Setvice Smry Aceaim Cost Swury total Project 0o0 1" O0 W X Total ...... o.... * Forergn 9as X Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchane Costs 1. INVESTMENTCOSTS

A. Suildfngs 184,120.5 122,747.0 306,86?.S 33,73.6 22,522.4 56,306.0 40.0 28.3 S. Vehictes 1. Vehicles-tDA 7,083.9 63,?54.7 To,a.d 1,2S9.8 11,698.1 12,997.9 90.0 6.5 2. Vehictes-Reservo 5,028.6 45,257.4 50,286.0 922.? 8,304.1 9,226.8 90.0 4.6 ...... Sub Total 12,112.5 ¶09,012.t 121,126.6 2,2.5 20,002.2 22,224.7 90.0 11.2 C. Equfpwnnt 1. Laboratory Equpipnt 37,992.3 56,988.4 94,980.? 6,971.1 10,456.6 17,427.? 60.0 8.8 2. Livestock Equipment 4,866.1 4,866.1 9,72.2 892.9 692.9 1,765.7 50.0 0.9 3. Seed Processing flipq t 8,109.9 8,109.9 16,219.8 1,488.1 1,4889.1 2,976.1 50.0 1.S 4. Training S Ext. Equipment 9,625.? 38,502.8 48,128.5 1,766.2 7,064.? 8,830.9 80.0 4.4 S. Office Equipmnt 21,722.7 21,722.8 43,445.5 3,985.8 3,985.8 7,971.7 50.0 4.0 6. Data Processin Equipnt 965.8 3,863.3 4,829.1 177.2 708.9 886.1 80.0 0.4 7. OfffeeLab. Furnishings 15,424.0 6,610.3 22,034. 2,830.1 1,212.9 4,043.0 30.0 2.0 8. Adaptive Research Egu1p. 654.7 982.1 1,636.8 120.1 180.2 300.3. 60.0 0.2 8. Niscelloneous Equipmen% 6,919.5 2,965.5 9,885.0 1,269.6 544.1 1,813.8 30.0 0.9 Sub-Total 106,280.7 144,611.2 250,891.9 19,501.0 26,534.2 46,035.2 57.6 23.1 0. Materials 2,736.0 6,364.0 9,120.0 502.0 1,171.4 1,673.4 70.0 0.8 0. Training 1. Overseas 4,373.4 39,360.3 43,733.7 802.5 7,222.1 6,024.5 90.0 4.0 2. tnternat 42,523.3 18,224.2 60,747.5 7,802.4 3,343.9 11,146.3 30.0 S.6 3. Rearch 5,421.6 3,614.4 9,036.0 994.8 663.2 1,658.0 40.0 0.8

Sur.Totat 52,318.3 61,198.9 113,517.2 9,599.7 11,229.2 20,828.8 53.9 10.5 E. Techniclt Assistace 1. Internatinal consutt. 603.3 11,461.7 12,065.0 110.7 2,103.1 2,213.8 95.0 1.1 2. Locat Consultants 1,717.5 0.0 1,717.5 315.1 0.0 315S.1 0.0 0.2 ub-Totat 2,320.8 11,461.7 13,782.5 425.8 2,103.1 2,528.9 83.2 1.3

Total INVESTMENTCOStS 359,866.8 455,414.9 815,303.7 66,034.6 83,562.4 149,597.0 55.9 75.1 ,...... II. REaCRRENTCOSTS ,...... A. 051 Vehicles-IDA 16,982.6 16,982.6 33,9f5.2 3,116.1 3,116.1 6,232.1 50.0 3.1 Se 0L9 Vehictes-Resere 14,603.4 14,603.4 29,206.8 2,69.5 2,679.5 5,35".0 50.0 2.7 C. Oa ufiltdfing 33,5S6.5 3,25m.5 37,285.0 6,15T.2 684.1 6,841.3 10.0 3.4 0. 01 Egquipmnt 35,523.0 35,522.7 71,045.? 6,518.0 6,51T.9 13,035.9 50.0 6.5 E. Locat Slaries 18,304.4 0.0 18,304.4 3,358.6 0.0 3,358.6 0.0 1.7 F. SPF Egg Prodacticn 3,296.1 2,198.7 5,496.8 605.2 403.4 1,008.6 40.0 0.5 G. Consuables 1. Laboratory Consumabtes 13,830.2 11,315.6 25,145.8 2,537.7 2,076.3 4,613.9 45.0 2.3 2. Audio-Viual Consueables 15,617.1 15,617.2 31,234.3 2,86S.5 2,865.5 S,73 .t 50.0 2.9 3. Office/Coap. Ccnsumebtas 9,098.7 6,082.5 15,181.2 1,669.5 1,116.1 2,?85.5 40.1 1.4 4. Adaptive Res. Cerauixbles 2,108.4 903.6 3,012.0 386.9 165.8 5S2.7 30.0 0.3 Sutb-Total 40,654.4 33,918.9 74,53.3 ,459.5 6,223.7 13,683.2 45.5 6.9

...... Total RECURRENTCOSTS 162,922.4 106,954.8 269,877.2 29,894.0 19,624.7 49,518.8 39.6 24.9

Totat BASELINECOSTS 522,611.2 562,369.? 1,065,180.9 95,928.7 103,187.1 199,115.8 51.6 100.0 Physical Contingencies 42,181.? 45,eW.6 68,035.3 7,79.4 8,413.5 16,152.9 52.1 8.1 Price Contingencies S5,434.7 78,795.5 164,230.2 11,988.0 11,036.6 23,024.6 47.9 11.6 Total PROJECTSCOSTS 650,427.6 687,018.6 1,337,446.4 115,656.1 122,637.2 238,293.3 ...... 51.5 119.7 01/20/93 - 73 -

AMEX 2 Table1.2

CNINA Arloicattirl1 S evfc Project Touat Proc casut3iW.y

Om0 Yuan am0 I1 Totet e.oat Foreign Tott Lout Forten totac UAxc4ief6 Cit:s ......

A. Cio/xA fans I. ilatimat Age* Toomlaet t2,9.0 19,716.0 42,2c.0 4,133.8 3,t1.6 7,t.4 e. 3.9 2. Agiro4e-T1nicas h:. Oev. 186,455.02C7,461.0 n 1.0 3/,lttl.9 34,102.9 72,314.9 52.7 36.3 3. Projec:Managatom: ,ppoet 8,086.0 9,498.3 17,76 3 1483.7 1,79. 3,24.2 54.S 1.6 SubTecc! 2tJ O?C,07.O23?,075.3 454,14.3. 39,8U9.4 43.5.10. 83,129.4 52.2 41.8

B. Seed 1. Sted Supty ,012.2 2.? 92,654.9 t.1 ,55.3 17,0.8 50.3 8.5 2. Seed uatlty Coutrot 18,979.9 18,514.3 37,494.2 3,'2.6 3,397.1 4,8?V.7 49.4 3.5 3. Project mwwget: *upt 795.0 00 95.0 V45.9 0.0 145.9 0.0 O.1 St*?oat 455,78.1 65,157.0 130,9(4. 12,071t.0 *tt955.4 24,025.4 49.8 12.1

C. Livestock 1. Fetld Lvstok Sce 5993.0 184,41.? 360,444.7 32,2 3,8.0 46140.3 s1.2 33.2 2. Iva:escle S4pmt Serviest 20,552.6 20,865.6 41,*t .2 3,7.1 3,63.2 *,60.3 50.4 3.8 3. Ost ty Conte 18,017.0 19,492.6 3,509.6 3,306.0 3,S56.6 4,862.6 $2.0 S35 5. Project manageot suppoC 3,513.5 2,524.0 6,037. 64.7 461.1 1,107.6 41.8 0.6 ...... ------... r---...... ------SlIb.Tcat 211,076.1 227,37.9 5U,40.0 40,014.1 41,719.9 81,36.0 51.0 41.0

O. ue cinet Src 21,878.0 32,7s.0 54,42.0 4,014.3 6,011.6 10,25.9 600 5.0 Toat lase Coests 52,811.2 52,370.2 1,065.1a1.4 95,928.8 103,187*.0 19", 1I.7 51. 100.0 Physicat Centfigencts ,81.7 U45,653.6 88,035.3 ?,759.4 8,413.5 16,152.9 52.1 8.1 Price Cntinle es 85,4.7 14,229.8179. 1,96.0 11,036.6 23,02.4 47.9 11.6

_,...... f*...... Tecat Projct cCuts 650.427.6 611t0t8.9 t 33t,44e.5 11U 6Z.2 t22,6VA t 238,.2 5t.5 119.7

...... -owary 20 t99

.~~~~~~~~~~~~. . - 74 -

Table 1.3 bINA

Projeto: Copoents by Y.w

...... * vw...... 1n3 199 199 196 199? 19e9 000 Yrun M uss t. Ciwpjtie"ufo

A. NettanelAq-tee.ni4el 23,611.2 8,476.8 2,807.6 2,497.8 2,338.3 2,113.3 42,244.9 T,751.4 S. *gae?eelnfee 6:. 0ev. 1. Pro1ale.3,311.0 5,3t41.0 s1,t30.0 14,996.3 2. pOreRu t,IfpatLeeL 1,101.9 s,7n3.2 4,541.9 3,1t.s9 3,727.3 1,72F.3 63,573.5 11,644.9 3. CountyLevel 13,632.4 88,19?.? 1 U47.o6 8,n1.1 8,506.3 8,314.3 137,691.3 23,301.2 *. Tohfp ttev 3,422.1 77,281.5 7,824.3 7,330.3 7,S30.3 r,530.3 110,931.0 20,332.5 Su-total 3e,074.9 240,099.?29,3.1 23,307.123,114.9 24,954,9 394,115.6 72,314.8 C. Prof. Manaemen:tuFport 9,192.6 2,23t.z 1,8".3 141.3 1,46.3 1t,48.3 17,24.7 3,263.2 .*4.s4..*4****^^w*¢*44*4^q§¢*...4.x***;...... *¢.* 4...... focal e ropS*tnuo 63,073t.82n1,02?.r 33,054.0 39,46.4 21,939.7 28,33..? 454,145.2 83,339.4 tt. Seed t... A. Sead Suppty 1. C-:ruyLavel 33,021.9 2V,8M.3 10,495.1 4,019.3 4,339.0 4,339.0 8n,0C7.6 1591t7.7 2. P'ef.turs/NMIcipal 3,384.2 2,14..2 9C-.3 4303.. 389.9 39.9 7,4S7.2 1,403.2 ***~~.**e*******+.^*** ...... + ...... *...... ^*^.^...... "-wat * 3 i,415.1 25,9132.5 l,399.4 6.,9.7 4,728.9 4,735.9 92,63'.5 17,00.8 8. lead Ouslity Contrlt 1. Provfnfat ttee 4,74".9 7,10C.1 1,10s.5 1,28O.1 1,2. t2S. 20,428.2 3,J 7.9 2. Runietpeoltprfecure 6,8173 4,568.3 1I.3.5 1,835.5 1,09.2 1,039.2 17,068.0 3,t31.7

-acal 13,6.2 11,617.1 4,409.0 3,105.4 2,233.6 2,254.6 37,494.2 4,879.? C. Project Hanasi. 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.1 13235 132.3 n5.0 143.9 Totat Sa,171.8d 40,682.1 7,116.0 130,943.? 24,02.4

1tt. lvetoolc A. Field Livestck e I PrvinoeL t 8s 25,43.7 41,287.1 6,9144 4,410.3 4,821.3 4,47.8 89,486.6 16,54.3 2: 9r.ftewre Am's 18,867.0 26,668.0 6,501.2 4,5m.t 1 3,49.1 3,404.5 43,614.9 11,672.5 3. Coty Ar/SCs 39,597.4 74,144.0 14,29.2 12,49.89 10,2t3.3 9,982.7 142,796sr 29,871.0 4. TeownshpA11u5s 12,677. 2S,01.8 2,49.3 1,M30.2 1,618.6 700.? 44,366.4 s,t14.4 Sub-total. 96,785.8 147,336.9 33,209,1 23,224.1 20.212.S 18,691.7 380,444.5 46,144.3 SPro. Maagmnt uPt 2,971.0 613.0 413,2 613.3 613.5 613.6 6,037.6 1,107.8 C Lfv"tatc re tveS 7,080.3 23,513.4 3,411.8 2.52.2 2,89.2 2,201.2 41,438.1 7,803.3 . Oulity Centrol 7,35.1 21,829.8 3,063.2 1,87.4 1,64.0 1,538.2 37,509.7 4,883.5

Totat LIvestzck 11,382.2 213,293.1 39,351.3 30,24r.4 24,961.2 23,041.? 445,49.9 s1,n3.9

tV. uaranim service 2,203.3 31,m.2 6,351.0 4,394.2 3,317.4 2,598.7r 34,442.0 10,026.1 Toct 3ASS RE COSTS 29,836.1 540,t80.1I 9 ,7.2 3,8$15.8 44,363.3 41,311.1 1,085,180.8 199,115.7 Phys1catCenIngmf4Cls 23,377.0 523463.7 4,964.3 3,150.3 2,218.0 1,W42.2 86,035.4 18,153.9 price Concf09enfmes 16,248.3. 72,602.3 16,439.2 17,54.2 19,293.7 21,902.1 144,229.1 23,024.6 ^ Z.oZo.*4Xs6*.*...... * *...... e*v * locat 9RUMr C0T0 349,44t.4 85,44.1 114,490.794,St0.3 85,873.1 85,062.4 1,337,44.9 238,293.2 w ---. _" Jwaia.. r 2, 19.3...... Jwry 2t, IMs - 75 -

ANNEX2 Table 1.4 UIIA

7fct age"a"by ?es Fo,fn 6txhag 1993 1994 1993 1996 1997 1998 otcal

t. IiW14311T COST?1 ;. 6u11d1619 117,913.? 184,816.2 2,998. 0.0 e0.0 0.0 304,87.4 40.0 1U,747.0 1. 740Ic417,e73.0 e0,316.4 1,6s9.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 70,838.6 90.0 a,t.7 3. lIg¢Ioloa.3esaXve 10,116.0 37,1.0 3,310.0 0.0 0.0 0.0e 1oo,360 "0.0 43r17.4 6a*1euaL Vahloles 18,389.0 97,816.6 4,189.0 710.0 0.0 0.0 121,124.6 90.0 109,012.1 I. Lt.toY #Pw 13,964.0 T9'29.5 1,743.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 94L,90.8 4.0 0 56',.34,6. 2.LivestockcEquIpn 1,466.?r 7,943.4 119,1 3.0 0CI.O9722 00 3. Sad ProcessingEip. 3,203 7,441.8 1,317.9 739.6 0.0 0.0 16,21.8 10.0 68,109.9 T.Raining & t. equip. 2,3.1 ;43,719.4 9.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 48,126.4 80.9 38.,310. 1. 0ffe1 Equspm;ntn 11,481. 30,788.8 914.3 374.7 0.1 4.1 438,43.1 51.0 21,722.8 6. OicstPresusslng EquIn 00. 3,901.1 9. 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,89.1 80.0 3,6.3 7.Off Iat/Lo. Awnhfns I. 4.4,1*.02.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,018.3 30.0 1,9. .6 8. EulidInEibg nfehif; 2,181.0 11,911.0 1,3.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 11,976.0 30.0 4,a92.8 9. Adaptve *.Aatah Eqalp. 46.3 1,294. 92.0 68.0 68.0 46.0a 1,636.3 49.0 98. 1 10. Nisellaneous Equipmentt 2,31.9 7,07.2. 238. II.5 104.1 97.:1 9,88.9 30.0 a.96.3 S'jbtatat 39,168.3 191.1 9,123.3 1,399.? 176.1 169.1 210,891.8 17.6 144,411.1 D. N.t.eI.ts 1,638. 2,514.0 0.0 108. 0.0 0.0 9,130.0 70.0 6,384.0 1.t 0~Rt3ses3,399.6 13,8131.9 10,074.3 1,660.4 767.1 0.0 43,733.? 90.0 39,195.3 2. lnta'n.l t Z1, 7.2 19,9333 10,2226 6,468.7 4,714,2 2,621 4 40,747.4 30.0 18,224.2 3. *euas.h 6,492.0 870.0 100.0 42.0: 428.0 318.0 9.03.4. 40.0 3,614.4 sula-tatat u3,8 34,6331. 20,79.9 i2,11r1 1,909.? 2,939.4. 113,11_.1 13.9 61,199.0 P. ?.d,nI.al Aufstawca I. Ineanstfsnat 0wmuttmnt 1,461.5 2,901. 2,027.0 617.0 411.0 440.0 12,063.0 "A. 11,461.8 2. Leet Cutt 747.0 292. 239.3 173.3 121.0 1C4. 1,I17. 0.00. Eub.toi.I. ~~~~~~~6,4121.13,197.0 2,266.1 790.3 176,0 W1400 13,732.1 83.2 11,461.8 lotbi 1wJE111163?80511 224,639.4 1124,991. 39,114.1 16,W0.3 6,462.2 3,24a.9 8t1,3.4 1 51 It. measout cost 0. 06*zVsttLsO 34. ,4. ,4. ,3. ,8 .0 748.0 33,964,7 10.0 16,982.4 amGNVhet.eev 4147.81 3,432.9 6,133.0 6,266.9 6,246.9 6,246,9 29,206.4 30.0 14,603.2 0.GN suI Idlngs 13.1 3.,401.3 8,160.0 8A.74. 8,420.8 8,420.8 37,84.7 10.0 3,728.1 cmOUtEqipsme 637.6 ?,081.4 1461816,163.3 14,230.4 16,261.6 71,0486.2 10.0 3s3,23.1 K.Loca SetarI.s 1,920.2 ,00. 3,22.0 3,3131.1 3,346.9 3,382.9 18,384.0 0.0 0.0 L. W? Ein Production 100.0 1,079.4 1,079.4 1,079.4 1,079.4 1,079.4 1,497.0 40.0 2,190.8 N. ConAuIbtes 1. Labor'atoryCuiwmwbte 419.6 4,446.3 1,177.1 4,979.7 4,966.7 4,936.7 33,146.1 43.0 11,311.? 2. AidiIoVIaust CmnwAabl, 341.8 1,911.1 6,240.1 4,281.1 6,263.2 6,211.1 31,234.4 30.0 13,617.2 3. 0ff...... Io.ICw Conomiabts 627.4 2,127.6 2,93a .82902,9 ,967.12,97.1 13,181.3 ...... 40.0 6,072.1 4. AdaptIwolet. Censumble 0. 48.0 4S54.1 43.3 434.1 629.9 3,012.4 30.0 903.7 "-Zotst ~~~~1,106.713,133.0 11,4023. 14,680.6 14,833.1 14,77.8 74,174.1 43.3 33,909.1 TaU *5fEC51g COSTS 1,9. 3,6. 3,910.7 17,61.1 37,700.9 917,69.4 269,877.1 3. 0,4.

Tostl SAELtISECUsTS 229,636.1 160,M3.3 93,046.9 73,813.6 64-,343.1 61,311.3 1,408,1810.1 11.8 362,359,9 PhysI calConEngeices a3,377.0 41,463.? 4,98..3 3,130.3 2,21.0 11,81..2 88,033.1 1.111 48,107. Pet-to Conti-Ngdene 16,248.3 72,402.3 14,439.3 1714.31929. 21,902.1 144,229. 48. 30,021.0

forels Ewhng 133,39G.? 392,140.1 1,411.3 42,381.3 NOVA1. 34,008.1 696,389.0 100.0 696,389.0 JaftOAai1, 1993 -76-

Sable 2

AgrIcuLtural SupportS4vIOa PrOj.ct Proect Cost Sumfr Crop/xteansia Caqmnt

Coo Yuan No UW X total ...... - .---. .-..--- S...foreign See Ltocl Foreign Total Local Foreign total nSxcwO Costs ...... _......

A. PIetot Agr-Technicalt 22,529 19,716 42,245 4,134 3,617 r,75l 47 9

S. Agro Technfal tExt. 0ev. 1. Profvatcl Ltvel 37,166 44,564 t,1730 6,819 8,177 14,996 5S l8 2. Prof/ Iicipel Leve 32,845 30,?29 63,574 6,027 5,638 11,"6 48 14 3. County Level 7,03 64,854 137,891 13401 1t,900 25,301 47 30 4. TeAwhip Letl 43,407 67,514 110,921 7,963 12,366 20,353 61 24 ...... 4...... Sub-otetl 186,455 20r,461 394,116 34,312 38,103 72,35 53 87

C. ProJ. ieansgAnt SuAot 8,086 9,698 1T,784 1,414 1,779 3,263 55 4 ...... _...... Touat SASLINS CTS 217,070 237,075 454,145 39,820 43,499 83,329 5a I00 Ph*fctl Cantfingentes 17,366 18,966 36,332 3,186 3,480 ,4,66 2a a Pric contfneactes 36,849 35,465 72,314 5,102 4,876 9,978 49 12

iotal1 Ct CTS ,285 291,506 562,791 4,18 51,8S5 99,973 52 120 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......

4an 19, 1993

.. . ,~~~~~~~~ . . *.. ,,* ;.,4 M6t '6t LAw-P ......

...... $,.I=...... t...... a.. 0 2t 6 4.6L ;7 4L-te" D-ZDl'S 1-tIS' S-"It97C *-97 ' jl: eIJd Ws ZM& R 0"9g 9 0- t bl6-o: UL' C Z''5 *^%'t * tzCtt 8&jMASVJ270 1921Ad 0-OOt 2-t 2-55t-"t 0-D2C-£ 1-621S Vvitl'C vt ' tlO't D't0-tL2z S1 lXlilSTB }e7D1 ...... I.I...... f'64- ?I vy [-X'MIt £Elg'01 t-fosl7 S'". '11 V W07" WSWU Sit= 01111011 IR20

z-tt WIMP vmNit6 VEWIP MCI e-t"'Of .'uf rm-0'u2'*: ...... ,...... t* '-D V-ot 6-CSI BID I-ZS clog 0-U 0-Ut *1Xat014 ?-& 2-CX 6-6S el i-n I'vii r"6' ra't VrWt -Iqo-- 'Av.0;o st

L-£ D-s - " 9 a7"'I r-vu't 67-e't el tog'I W"S6 -Iq -- AJ03t' *[

!-2 0- -tl - -<' -t6 DID 9S-C2C6 soJ214o lita * 3ue1*1 M *3 5- log 9-7&0'9 tic'tD' riDDt £-'K C-l696t'9t 8SIM91

clogO-O *901.C r-SiS' 2-S'2I O-cotW't O-U6'51 WM6S%;-n _...... _ ...... C-2 O-Ot 9-S6B'1 t-176 S-LS6 S-0£501. rmt91 rt-9's M-01t-841*10 NW0 't e-S aO-O B-OUlt VSOSPL* -oolt V-66VIt J67L'B 1-67Z't VC."plv)A I tlO*

* . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......

...... _...... I...... i-U t-SS t-o79'H5 L-52S't 9-sut'f r9-W 61c I-719'19t1 2'20'#1 Sim INDWSUMl 4t ...... I...... S-l S-06 -DSil S-t52'1 9-521 ottS'L 9111's L-e69S9e...... 1-0 CO 9-09 D-O *-OS O-KS O-D WO-D Oaug :1r3 ttwl S'lC-C6 R-6:t'[~~9 S-tS' 0-99 D-S61' s1 m9 L-6tc 7-lfwv jvr 0- LHJ7:" '

9 t L " £ 7LI'Ltj 2-sez't V-f'06 D I£ -- '1 D-2tS'IZ tt;°:- - S'i ...... S -0lo I -621'1 f-tt S'Dfi9 O-525'B 7-$'OR rsuJJwISt * *£mo* O's C,Dot 191,7 ; P2'1 I'tV6' %-LM-t V73S 9 VIJS'St lo$ut.W -2 S-lt 0-06 StilSQS' OSticl [lost -t61'a L'uSL S-61S sek5&4^ I*1 0-1 C-U 9-tB 616 'L721S 0'66S'Sv tC-t1 V675Vl:JI O-0 2-7 t-9 92-.1101 S-'5N'21 f'6t'S 7':16'60t 7-tSI9S 0-91S'ES 1"ltat: ...... SI C-Qclo -t6'2 V6-£S 0olsor G Ue6'SI S-ul26' -iv1'1 $14siwjp buipling *; - S-O 0-Dt 7YC7. 6-Wt $S-I G' ttD' b'1' -" luriJrbs 5uJssv=jd tato t-C C-DS t-7 ty 7-J9l2 *i-.,-,' -C7S'S 9'196'11 tS2'LU' awidift *71ii4 'S, S'L cOtO S-C97'9 t-B['C vAu A75'5t1 C-Yd?'S2 6-B9'i awabEt *ba IulumirJ2V *2 VI 0-09 S-621'q ruoLtt ric-I' 9 7S7'lc r-t70'Ct 9'@S'tlt 4-Wn Aj*2#joq l *t

S'OI e'o6 6-S2D6 $I M It? *-tO6 ai O'D9' "-It'lT O-1'cW J R¢Mt- ...... 0 01C6 t tSSl WINS SStDS S 0lteor6tl t D ISDt rOt t1vlkA '

*t ODID 6 99'Ct BS-D'S S-OD%S L 79t6DI e-SU SM91S9 Iu mne v

...... L6...... X......

IUAN -% nww A

:st"* 14ftW_ l:ltW}X

Z xi -78-

ANNEX2 Table 2. 2

CHINA Agricuttural Support Services Project Project Cost Summaryby Province Crop Compcnent

...... '000 Yuan 000S X Total ...... X------Fore1gn sase Province Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchange Costs ...... Bast Costs NationalLevel 26,934 28,162 55,096 4,942 5,167 10,109 51 100 6uanxI 22,616 25,376 47,992 4,150 4,656 8,806 53 100 Hunan 10,206 10,401 20,607 1,873 1,908 3,781 S0 100 Shaanxi 22,622 26,002 48,624 4,151 4,771 8,922 53 100 Heol.ongljang 13,096 14,803 27,899 2,403 2,716 5,119 53 100 Jiangsu 28,459 28,326 56,785 5,222 S,197 10,419 50 100 Shanhai 8,188 9,186 17,374 1,502 1,686 3,188 S3 100 Slchuan 27,659 30,547 58,206 5,075 5,605 10,680 52 100 Lfsonfng 17,912 20,390 38,302 3,287 3,741 7,028 53 100 Hebei 23,564 25,364 48,928 4,324 4,654 8,978 52 100 Beijing 15,814 18,519 34,333 2,902 3,398 6,300 54 100 ...... Total 217,070 237,076 454,146 39,831 43,499 83,330 52 100 ,...... Coststnclude Contingencies ...... Ntonal. LeveL 33,038 33,95S 66,993 5,939 6,103 12,042 51 119 Guangxi 28,380 .31,349 S9,?Z9 S,021 5,S65 10,586 53 120 3unan 12,818 12,838 25,656 2,268 2,281 4,S49 50 120 shaanxf 28,374 32,102 60,476 5,024 5,700 10,724 53. 120 Heil.oIjfang i6,226 17,979 34,205 2,889 3,213 6,102 53 119 Jiwgsu 35,536 34,899 70,435 6,287 6,196 12,483 S0 120 Shanghai 10,279 11,342 21,621 1,818 2,014 3,832 53 120 Sichuan 34,719 37,672 72,391 6,144 6,691 12,835 52 120 Liaonfng 22,448 25,148 47,S96 3,974 4,465 8,439 53 120 Hebel 29,607 31,369 60,976 5,237 5,568 10,805 52 120 Beijing 19,860 22,853 42,713 3,517 4,059 7,576 54 120 ...... Total Costs 271,285 291,506 562,791 48,118 51,855 99,973 52 120

...... January 19, 1993

,~~~~~~, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .. * . . . - ~~79

ANNE2 2 Table 3

4~~

aIcsULTuRaI.SJo TuSEVtCtS MPOJIC ProaIc: cost sw,ary S44d Ce_t

Yuan caoous s x rocat ...... X ForeignS Local forefgn Toeat Locl. oe*fgn Tacit exchenge casts ...... A. SeadStPpy 1. Couty Lvet 42,33'.4 42,673.3 85,007.7 7,767.7 7,830.0 15,597.? 50.2z .9 2. Prefacture uz 1cfpat 3,677.8 3,969.4 7,647.2 674.8 728.3 1,6403.1 51.9 5.8 ~~~~~~~...... Sub-7a:at 46,012.2 44A,g.? 92,634.9 8,442.5 8,55w.3 17,000.1 50.3 70.8 B. Seed auutlty Cntrotl 1. Peavfnclat Level 10,088.4 10,337.8 20,426.2 1,851.t 1 896.8 3,rs7.9 ... 6 15.6 Z. Nunfcfpat/Pref.cture 8,891.5 s,176.5 17,0a .0 1,631.6 1,500.3 3,131.8 47.9 13.C ...... :...... Sb-TotaL 18,979.9 18,514.3 37,494.2 3,412.6 3,397.1 6,879.7 49. 23.6 C. Projett "N amenht 795.0 o.00.0 145.9 0.0 145.9 0.0 0.6 TOl USAtSUNECOSTS 65,787.1 6s,tsr.0 130,9"4.1 12,071.0 11,955.4 24,026.4 49.8 100.0 Phticat Caficrlneno s 4,99.8 4,95.9 9,95.8 917.4 98.6 1,826.0 49.8 7.6 Price Contingenciso 10,013.1 7,297.0 17,310.1 1,440.5 1,183.0 2,623.5 43.1 10.9

,~ ...... Total. PRoCT CosTS s8,8 .0 7,405.9 158,204.0 14,428.9 14,047.0 28,43.9 49.3 118.5

= ,1993...... - 80 - ANNEX2 Table 3.1 CHINA AgeriulturalSupport Serv1ces Sunmry Accotmts Cost Sur3iry SeedColpanent

000 Yuan 000 USS X Totat ...... * S foreign ae LocaL Ferolen Total Local Foreign Totat Exchange Costs ...... t. IWESTMENTCOSTS ...... A. 8uItdIngs 25,022.916,681.9 41,704.8 4,591.4 3,060.9 7,652.3 40.0 31.3 B. Vehicles 1. Vehictes-tDA 996.0 6964.0 9960.0 182.8 1644.8 1827.6 90.0 7.6 2. Vehictes-Renerve 785.6 7070.4 7856.0 144.1 1297.3 1441.4 90.0 6.0 ...... Sub Total 1781.6 16034.4 17816.0 326.9 2942.1 3269.0 90.0 13.6 C. Equfpment 1. Laboratory Equipment 1,915.8 2,873.7 4,789.4 351.5 527.3 878.8 60.0 3.7 2. SeedProcessing Equip. 6,109.9 8,109.9 16,219.9 1,488.1 1,488.1 2,976.1 50.0 12.4 3. officeEquIpment 1,743.4 1,743.4 3,486.8 319.9 319.9 639.8 50.0 2.7 ...... Sub-Total 11,769.112,727.0 24,496.1 2,159.5 2,335.34,494.7 52.0 18.7 0. Materlals 1,386.3 3,234.7 4,621.0 254.4 593.5 847.9 70.0 3.5 C. Training 1. oveseas 139.7 1,257.J 1,396.7 25.6 230.6 256.3 90.0 1.0 2. Internal 4,891.6 2,096.4 6,988.0 897.5 384.7 1,282.2 30.0 5.3 ...... Sub-Total 5,031.3 3,353.4 8,384.7 923.1 615.3 1,538.5 40.0 6.3 F. Technicat Assistance 1. InternatfonalConsultant 24.5 465.5 490.0 4.5 85.4 89.9 95.0 0.4 2. LocalConsultants 979.0 0.0 979.0 179.6 0.0 179.6 0.0 0.7 _...... Sub-Total 1,003.5 45.5 1,469.0 184.1 85.4 269.5 31.7 1.1

Totat INVESTMENTCOSTS 45,994.?52,496.9 98,491.6 8,439.4 9,632.5 18,071.9 53.3 75.2 ...... it. RECURRENTCOSTS ,...... A. OEMVehite*s-lOA 2,840.6 2,840.6 5,681.2 521.2 521.2 1,042.4 50.0 4.3 S. O&M Vehcltes-Reserve 2,544.7 2,544.7 5,089.4 466.9 466.9 933.8 50.0 3.9 C. O&M Buildings 5,212.1 579.1 5,791.3 956.4 106.3 1,062.6 10.0 4.4 D. o0M Equipment 4,707.? 4,707.7 9,415.5 863.8 863.8 1,727.6 50.0 7.2 E. LocalSbtarfes 1,908.9 0.0 1,908.9 350.3 0.0 350.3 0.0 1.4 F. Consumables t. LaboratoryCarowuables . 1,7M7.5 1,452.7 3,228.2 325.8 266.5 592.3 45.0 2.5 2. Office/Coop.Conmumabte 802.8 535.2 1,338.0 147.3 98.2 245.5 40.0 1.0 ,...... Sub-Total 2,578.3 1,987.9 4,566.2 473.1 364.? 837.8 43.5 3.5 ...... Total RECURRENTCOSTS 19,792.3 12,660.0 32,452.5 3,631.7 2,322.9 5,954.5 39.2 24.7

Total SASULINECOSTS 65,787.065,156.9 130,944.1 12,01.1 11,955.424,0t6.4 49.8 100.0 Physlcat Contingencies 4,999.8 4,951.9 9,951.7 917.4 908.6 1,826.0 49.8 7.6 Price Contingencies 10,013.2 7,297.1 17,310.3 1,440.5 1,183.0 2,623.5 45.1 10.9

Total PROJECTSCOStS 80,80.0 77,405.9 158,206.1 14,429.0 14,047.0 28,4n.9 49.3 118.5

...... 1/19/93 -81-

AMNEX2 Table 3.2

CHINA Agricuttural Support Services Project ProjectCost Sumary by Province Seed Conmpwnt

000 Yuan OGOS X Total .. Z...... X foreign Base Province Local Fo eIgn Total Local foreign Total Exchange Costs ...... :...... ?...... ease Costs

Gu.ngxi 8,135 8,015 16,150 1,493 1,470 2,963 50 100 Hunan 5,100 5,280 10,380 936 969 1,905 51 100 Shaanxf 6,049 6,021 12,070 1,110 1,105 2,215 50 100 Reflongjiang 6,907 7,221 14,128 1,267 1,325 2,592 51 100 Jiangsu 7,904 7,984 15,888 1,450 1,46S 2,915 S0 100 Sh-anhat 4,059 3,900 7,959 745 715 1,460 49 100 SBchuen 6,843 5,893 12,736 1,256 1,081 2,33? 4O 100 Liaonfng 5,077 4,932 10,009 932 905 1,837 49 100 mH el 8,s46 8,258 16,804 1,568 1,515 3,083 49 100 BeIjing 7,166 7,653 14,819 1,315 1,404 2,719 52 100 ...... TotalBase Costs 65,786 65,157 130,943 12,072 11,954 24,026 50 100

Costs IncludeContingencles - ...... Guangxf 10,113 9,751 19,864 1,802 1,743 3,545 49 120 Hunan 6,292 6,352 12,644 1,122 1,139 2,261 S0 119 Shaanxf 7,412 7.212 14,624 1,327 1,29 2,622 49 118 Ileilongjfang 8,29S 8,401 16,696 1,493 1,523 3,016 50 116 Jfangsu 9,809 9,s? 19,588 1,746 1,741 3,487 . 50 120 Shanghai 4,971 4,649 9,620 88 83s 1,723 48 118 Sichuan 8,394 7,108 15,502 1,496 1,270 2,766 46 118 Llaontng 6,333 6,010 12,343 1,122 1,071 2,193 49 119 "obe 10,337 9,717 20,054 1,857 1,754 3,611 49 117 lefjing 8,844 9,427 18,271 1,576 1,676 3,252 52 120

Totat Costs Include 80,800 78,406 159,206 14,429 14,,047 28,476 49 119 Contingencies *ZUUU2ZUSZUUU ZU BU ZU3uWsUUZsma- UUUUDE=22UB3=us ...... Jan 19, 1993

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A -82-

AtEX 2 Table *4

CHINA Agricuttural Support Services ProIectCost Swuary Livestock and QuarantSneComponents

a000Yuan looa uss x Total ...... - Fbrefujn Base Local Foreign Total Local Foreogn Total. Exchange Costs

A. ffeld LivestockServices 1. Provincala AHVSC's 44,857.5 44829.1 89,686.6 8,230.7 8,225.5 16,456.2 M0.o 17.9 2. PrefectureAHVSC's 31,416.8 32,198.1 63,614.9 5,764.6 5,907.9 11,672.5 50.6 12.7 3. County AHVS0s 77,338.2 85,458.5 162,796.7 14,190.5 15,680.5 29,871.0 52.5 32.6 4. TowmshipAHVSC's 22,380.4 21,986.0 44,366.4 4,106.5 4,034.1 8,140.6 49.6 8.9 Sub-Total 175,92.9 184,471.7 360,464.6 32,292.3 33,848.0 66,140.3 51.2 72.1 B. Livestock Support Services 1. National ANVSC 6,043.2 6,84f5.6 12,888.8 1,108.9 1,256.1 2,365.0 53.1 2.6 2. SPF Egg Production 9,401.8 7,434.8 16,836.6 1,725.1 1,364.2 3,089.3 44.2 3.4 3. Animal/Forage GeneticRC 2,309.4 3,060.4 5,369.8 423.7 561.5 985.2 57.0 1.1 4. Net. Vet. Ofag. Ref. Lab 2,798.2 3,544.8 6,343.0 S13.4 650.4 1,163.8 55.9 1.3 ...... *...... Sub-Totat 20,552.6 20,885.6 41,438.2 3,?7t.1 3,832.2 7,603.3 50.4 8.3 C. ^ual.tyControt 1. ational.Feed oC 4,226.3 4,886.4 9,112.7 775.5 896.6 1,672.1 53.6 1.8 2. Nat. 6ioProd.& Phrm. QC 10,7M.7 11,030.4 21,809.1 1,977.8 2,023.9 4,001.7 50.6 4.4 3. Liv. Prod. Testing Lab 1,935.1 2,319.7 4,254.8 355.1 425.6 780.7 54.5 0.9 4. Vet.lnstrum. Testing Lab 1,076.9 1,256.1 2,333.0 197.6 230.5 428.1 53.8 0.5 ^.***X*^X*...:. .. .s.... .^****+*o...... * ...... *s+*^o Sub-Totat 18,017.0 19,492.6 37,509.6 3,306.0 3,576.6 6,882.6 52.0 7.5 0. Quarantine Services 1. Information Center 4,483.8 4,507.4 8,91.2 822.7 827.0 1,649.7 50.1 1.8 2. Provincial Laboratories 12,825.5 20,618.9 33,444.4 2,353.3 3,783.3 6,136.6 61.7 6.7 3. Datfan Plant Quarentine 1,665.1 1,755.5 3,420.6 305.5 322.1 627.6 51.3 0.7 4. HangguangAPO 1,226.0 1,176.4 2,4a2.4 225.0 215.8 440.8 49.0 0.5 5. Neadquarters Training 1,677.6 4,705.8 6,383.4 307.8 663.4 1,171.2 7T.7 1.3 ~~~...... Sub-Total 21,878.0 32,Z64.0 54,642.0 4,014.3 6,0l1.6 10,025.9 60.0 10.9 E. Project NanagementSupport 3,513.5 2,524.0 6,037.5 644,7 463.1 1,107.8 41.8 1.2 Total BASEtINEcosts 239,954.0 260,137.9 500,091.9 44,028.4 67,731.5 91,759.9 52.0 100.0 Physicat Contingencies 19,815.9 21,935.7 41,751.6 3,636.0 4,024.9 7,660.9 52.5 8.3 Price ContingencSes 38,sn.6 36,033.1 74,60S.7 5,445.5 4,977.6 10,423.1 47.8 11.4 ...... Total PROJECTCOSTS 298,342.5 318,106.7 616,449.2 53,109.9 56,734.0 109,843.9 51.6 t. 7 UUUS3UUU*SfN 88#fU8" g na rr-

...... o.. 1/20/93

./ - 83 -

ANNEX2 Table 4.1 CHINA Agricultural Support Servifes SunuaryAccownts Cost Sumary Livestock and uerantfne Conponents

000 Yuen ooo uSS x Total ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...... ,------...... X Forefin ease Local Foreign Total LocaL Foreign Total Exchanse Costs 1. INVESTMENTCOSTS ...... _ ... A. Buitdings 93,478.8 62,319.2 155,798.0 17,152.0 11,434.7 28,586.7 40.0 31.2 8. Vehicles 1. VehicLes-IDA 3,006.9 27,061.7 30,n68.6 551.7 4,965.4 5,517.1 90.0 6.0 2. Vehictes-Reserve 2,406.0 21,654.0 24,060.0 441.5 3,973.2 4,414.7 90.0 4.8 ...... __....___ Sub TotaL 5,412.9 48,715.7 54,128.6 993.2 8,938.6 9,931.8 90.0 10.8 C. Cquipir-rt1 1. Laboratory Equipsrent 22,714.7 34,071.9 56,786.6 4,167.8 6,251.7 10,419.5 60.0 11.4 2. Livestock Fquipmsnt 4,866.1 4,866.1 9,732.2 892.9 892.9 1,785.8 50.0 1.9 3. Trminin & Ext. Equipmrnt 2,556.8 10,227.0 12,783.8 469.2 1,876.5 2,345.7 80.0 2.6 4. 0fice Eqjipnfrnt 8,057.8 8,057.8 16,115.6 1,478.5 1,478.5 2,957.0 50.0 3.2 5. OaU Puess ii-l Equip.snt 685.2 2,740.9 3,426.1 125.7 502.9 628.6 80.0 0.7 6 0 ci.La' 'ushint:e 4,240.8 1,817.5 6,058.3 778.1 333.5 1,111.6 30.0 1.2 7. p l v1. c r Eq-ip. 654.7 982.1 1,636.8 120.1 180.2 300.3 60.0 0.3 e PsI~.c eilt --Q. -2jip-it 6,919.5 2,965.5 9,885.0 1,269.6 544.1 1,813.7 30.0 2.0 ...... o . 50,695.6 65,728.8 116,424.4 9,301.9 12,060.3 21,362.2 56.5 23.3

3,414.4 30,729.6 34,144.0 626.5 5,638.5 6,265.0 90.0 6.8 21,754.6 9,323.4 31,078.0 3,991.7 1,710.8 5,702.5 30.0 6.2 .*86.0 324.0 810.0 89.2 59.4 148.6 40.0 0.2 ...... 25,655.0 40,377.0 66,032.0 4,707.4 t,408.7 12,116.1 61.1 13.2 F1., -r- .v rcH.L:.fl :t, 219.1 4,162.9 4,382.0 40.2 763.9 804.1 95.0 0.9 4C8.5 0.0 408.5 75.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.1 627.6 4,162.9 4,790.5 115.2 763.9 879.1 86.9 1.0 ...... You,:1lihv;ST,hCiY COSTS 175,869.9 221,303.6 397,173.5 32,269.7 40,606.2 72,875.9 55.7 79.4 ...... _...... 1I. RECURRENTCOSTS ...... A. 04M Vehicles-IDA 5,392.3 5,392.3 10,784.6 989.4 989.4 1,978.8 50.0 2.2 B. O& Vehicles-Reserve 6,893.4 6,893.4 13,786.8 1,264.8 1,264.8 2,529.6 50.0 2.8 15,989.4 1,776.6 17,766.0 2,933.9 326.0 3,259.9 10.0 3.6 S 8v-1r I t -r I _^tet 2-646.8 2,646.8 5,293.6 50.0 5.8 o 1 ?60.5 0.0 1.4

(.6

3. 9

...... ,7.7 20.6

...... t 47,731.5 91,759.8 52.0 100.0 _,.36.0 4,024.9 7,660.9 52.S 8.3 5,445.6 4,977.6 10,423.2 47.8 11.4 . ... 5 ...... , ,1w: c 616,449.2 53,109.9 56,734.0 109,843.9 51.6 119.7 ...... ~ * : * ~~~~~~~84

ANNX 2 Sable 4.2

CNINA NIOTUtW *JPMT? seavtcts Project Cost S.m_ry

oWCTYm oous s xTotat ...... - ...... -.--...-...-... Foelotn sets ocal. te.lno tetal Local Forutn totetal xchae Costs ...... A. Fieltd Lfvetock Sevficu

1. Provfncat AMVC's 4,57.5 S4,829.1 @9.486.6 8,230.? 8,225.5 16,454.2 50.0 24.5 2. Prefecture ANVSC4S 31,414.8 32,190.1 63,614.9 5,76.6 5,907.9 11,672.5 50.6 17.4 3. Cowlty ANVSC'% 77,338.2 85,458.5 16,796.7 14,190.s is,6m0.s 29,871.0 52.5 44.A 4. Townshfp ANVSCs 22,380.4 21,9"6.0 4,366.4 4,106.5 4,034.1 S,140.6 49.6 12.1 ...... Sb-Tetal 175,992.9 18,471.? 340,4.6 32,292.3 33,4S.0 66,140.3 51.2 98.4 B. Proj. Ranagemt S04port 3,513.5 2,524.0 6,037.5 644.? "43.1 1,107.8 41.8 1.6

Tctat SAStLIte COSTS 179954.4 186 .T 366,502.1 32,937.0 34,311.1 67,248.1 51.0 10o.0 Physcalt Continganies 14,899.0 15,520.6 30,419.7 2,733.8 2,8T.8 5,581.6 51.0 8.3 Price Cgntiuwwicnes 25,429.5 25,04.0 8 3,888.3 4,030.1 3,548.2 7,578.3 "4.8 11.3

Total POJCT COUTS 222,83.9 227,97.1 450,810.1 3,700.9 40,707.1 88,40.0 50.6 119.6

rJ1srlssmUua.bmttUinUUSS UDUUUU#.SauSaU 3SUSd3U3 ...... - 85 -

ANNEl 2 Table 4.3 CNINA Agrfculturat Suport Services Sunry AcosmutsCost Sumary

000 Yuan 000 USS X Totat ...... X Foreign Bse Local For'ein Total Local Foresin Total Exchanse Costs

1. INVESTMENTCOSTS A. Bluildings 74,493.6 49,662.4 124.156.0 13,468.S 9,112.4 22,780.9 40.0 33.9 B. Vehcles 1. Vehicles-loA 2,96.4 26,697.6 29,664.0 544.3 4,898.6 5,442.9 90.0 8.1 2. Vehicles-Resev 2,367.0 21,303.0 23,670.0 434.3 3,908.8 4,343.1 90.0 6.5 ...... Sub TotaL 5,333.4 48,000.6 53,334.0 978.6 8,807.4 9,786.0 90.0 14.6 C. Equipent 1. LaboratoryEqupmt 9,633.5 14,450.2 24,083.? 1,767.6 2,651.4 4,419.0 60.0 6.6 2. Lvestock Equipment 2,95S.6 2,955.6 5,911.2 542.3 542.3 1,084.6 50.0 1.6 3. Training &fit. Eupment 1,879.0 7,515.8 9,394.8 344.8 1,379.0 1,723.8 80.0 2.6 4. Office Equipment 4,104.4 4,104.4 8,208.8 753.1 753.1 1,506.2 50.0 2.2 5. DataProceing EquIpment 4S7.4 1,829.6 2,287.0 83.9 335.7 419.6 80.0 0.6 6. Office/Lab. Furnishings 4,170.8 1,787.S 5,958.3 765.3 328.0 1,093.3 30.0 1.6 7. AdaptiveRearch Equip. 654.7 982.1 1,636.8 120.1 180.2 300.3 60.0 0.4 8. Msceltaneu Equipmnt 6,205.5 2,659.5 8,865.0 1,138.6 488.0 1,626.6 30.0 2.4 Sub-Totat 30,060.9 36,284.? 66,345.6 5,515.? 6,657.7 12,173.4 54.7 18.1 0. Training 1. over"s 1,48.3 14,834.7 16,483.0 302.4 2,722.0 3,024.4 90.0 4.5 2. Internal 19,092.2 8,182.4 27,274.6 3,so3.2 1,501.4 5,004.6 30.0 7.4 3. Research 486.0 324.0 810.0 89.2 59.4 148.6 40.0 0.2 ,.. ;...... Sub-Total 21,.226. 23,341.1 44,567.6 3,894.8 4,282.8 8,177.6 52.4 12.2 E. Technceat Assistance 1. International Cosutlt. 75.0 1,425.0 1,500.0 13.8 261.S 275.3 95.0 0.4 2. Local Cosultatnts 206.5 0.0 208.5 38.3 0.0 38.3 0.0 0.1

Sub-Totat 283.5 1,425.0 1,708.5 52.1 261.5 313.6 83.4 0.5

total INVESTEN CTt 131,397.9 158,713.8 290,111.7 24,109.7 29,121.8 53,231.5 54.? 79.2 _...... _ It. RECURRENTCOSTS A. 0tL4 Vehicles-IDA 5,278.5 5,278.5 10,557.0 968.S 948.5 1,937.0 50.0 2.9 B. OM Vehicles-Rsrve 6,783.7 6,M73.? 13,567.4 1,244.? 1,244.? 2,489.4 50.0 3.7 C. OW BuilRdings 12,811.2 1,423.5 14,234.7 2,350.7 261.2 2,611.9 10.0 3.9 D. am EquIpment 7,990.0 7,990.0 15,980.0 1,466.0 1,46.0 2,932.0 50.0 4.4 e. Locat SalarIas 5,44.6. 0.0 5,644.6 1,035.7 0.0 1,035.7 0.0 1.5 F. Consmabtes 1. Laboratory bles 2,186.6 1,789.1 3,975.7 401.2 328.3 729.5 45.0 1.1- 2. Audio-Val Con ble 1,604.6 1,604.6 3,209.2 294.4 294.4 .58.8 ' 50.0 0.9 3. Off ics/Coap. Consumables 3,876.0 2,584.0 6,460.0 711.2 474.1 1,185.3 40.0 1.8 4. AdaptIve RA. Consumbles 1,933.4 828.6 2,762.0 354.8 152.0 506.8 30.0 0.8

Sub-Totat 9,600.6 6,806.3 16,406.9 1,761.6 1,248.8 3,01m £ .

...... - - -.. -... -...... -- --- TotatRECURRENT COSTS 46,108.6 28,282.0 76,190At t 2 I ',2 C-. 47. 36.0 0 ,,,,,,,,,, ...... ------...... o...... Total BASELINECosTs 179,506.5 186,995.8 366,502.3 32,936.9 34,311.0 67,247.9 51.0 tQo.G

Physical contingencite 14 899 1 i5s520.6 30,419.7 2,733.8 2,847.8 5,581.6 51.0 8.3 P,ricecontingencies 28,429.325,458.8 53,888.1 4,030.2 3,54.8.3 7,578.5 46.8 11.3 total PROJECTScosTs 222,834.9 227,975.2 450,810.1 39,700.9 40,707.1 80,408.0 50.6 119.6

1/20/93 - 86 -

ANNEX2 Table 4.4

CHINA Agricultural SupportServices Project Project Cost Sumaryby Province LivestockComponent

...... '000Yuan '000l X Total ...... ---- X Foreignease Provnce Loalt Foreign Total Local Foreign TotaL ...... Exchan Costs ...... _ Base Costs

Jitin 22,906 22,709 45,615 4,203 4,167 8,370 S0 100 Hobel 19,244 20,429 39,673 3,531 3,748 7,279 51 100 Henan 20,423 20,970 41,393 3,747 3,848 7,595 51 100 Hellonfilang 28,S80 30,598 59,178 5,244 5,614 10,858 52 100 auangxf 19,828 20,804 40,632 3,638 3,817 7,455 51 100 Slchuan 23,833 25,215 49,048 4,373 4,627 9,000 S1 100 Hunan 23,144 23,090 46,234 4,247 4,237 8,484 S0 100 SfeJing 12,442 13,953 26,394 2,283 2,560 4,843 53 100 shanghaI 9,106 9,229 18,335 1,671 1,693 3,364 S0 100 ...... Totat 179,506186,996 366,502 32,937 34,311 67,248 51 100 ...... 4...... Costs tIncludeContingencoes

Uiiin 28,711 27,947 56,6S8 5,088 4,971 10,059 49 120 Nobel 23,746 24,817 48,563 4,242 4,436 8,678 51 119 Onoen 25,369 25,613 50,982 4,522 4,57: 9,093 50 120 HofLenj fang 35,142 36,955 72,09? 6,288 6,622 12,910 51 119 duangxl 24,647 25.498 50,145 4,389 4,543 8,932 51 120 Sichuan 30,055 31,128 61,183 5,317 5,532 10,849 51 121 Nunan 28,450 27,831 56,281 5,096 4,99M 10,091 49 119 BSlJing 15,618 17,162 32,780 2,T64 . 3,053 5,817 52 120 Shanghai ;1,097 11,024 22,121 1,995 1,984 3,979 S0 118 Total Costs 222,835 227,973 450,810 39,701 40,707 80,408 51 120

n...... January 19, IM9 -87-

AN=mZ2 Table 4.5

CHNUA AlgieutturatSupport Sefveces Project Cost Suary 000 Yuan ...... 0C0USS .Totat *------.-...... X Foreign Eaus Locat foreign total Local Foreign Total Exchange Costs ...... A . Livestock Support ServTce ...... 1. NationalAhVSC 6043.2 645.6 12888.8 1108.9 1256.1 2364.9 53.1 9.6 2. SPf Egg Productlon 9401.8 7434.8 1e856.6 3. AnimallForage 17M5.1 1364.2 3089.3 44.2 12.6 Genetic RC 2309.4 3060.4 5369.7 423.? 561.5 9U5.3 4. Not. Vet.01eg. Ref. Lab 2798.2 3544.8 57.0 4.0 6343.1 513.4 650.4 1163.9 55.9 4.7 Sub-totat 20552.6 20885.6 41438.3 3771.1 8 . duatity Conerot 3832.2 7603.4 50.4 31.0 1. mationl Fed QC 4226.3 4S.4 9112.8 m.s 896.O 167n.1 2. Nat.81*Prod.&Phorm. QC 10U8.7 1t030.C 53.6 6.8 218C9.1 1977.? 2023.9 4001. 540.6 16.3 3. Livest.Proo. Testing Lab 1935.1 2319.7 4254.8 4. Vee. 355.1 425.6 78O.? 54.5 3.2 Instru. Testing Lab 1076.9 1256.1 2333.0 197.6 230.5 ...... 428.1 53.8 ...... 1.7 ...... Sub-Total 18017.0 19492.6 37509.6 C . Quarantin Services 3305.9 3576.6 6182.5 52.0 28.1 1. Infmation Canter 4483.8 4507.4 8991.2 822.7 827.0 1649.8 2. Provfnalat Laboratories 12625. 50.1 6.7 20618.9 33444.5 2353.3 3783.3 6136.6 61.7 3. atlianPlant ouarantine 1e65.1 1755.5 3420.6 25.0 4. NanaguangAPO 305.5 322.1 627.6 51.3 2.6 1226.0 1176.4 2402.3 224.9 215.8 440.8 S. feadquarters Trainfig 1677.6 4705.8 49.0 1.8 6383.4 30r.8 863.4 1171.3 73.7 4.8 Sub-Total 21878.0 32764.0 5464Z.0 4014.3 60i1.? 10026.1 o . Proj. MansesmentSupport 0.0 60.0 40.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ,..;4...... Total8AELINE cOsTs 60447.7 73142.2 133589.9 PhyniealContingencies 11091.313420.6 24511.9 0.0 100.0 4916.9 6415.1 11331.9 902.2 1177.1 2079.3 PriceContfngencies 10143.1 56.6 8.5 10574.3 20717.4 1413.4 1429.4 2844.8 50.2 11.6

. _ ...... 4...... TotalPROJECTS COSTS 75507.7 90131.6 ...... 165639.2 13408.916027.0 29435.9 54.4 120.1

1/1/1993 13:38

/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~**...... ;-**...... - 88 -

ANNEX2 Table 4.6 CHtNA Agrtculturat Support Services Sunt ry Accounts Cost Smumry 000 Yrun 0oo usS X Total _...... ----- X Foreign Ease Local Foreign Total LocaL Forefgn Total Exchange Costs ...... 1. ItVESTMENTCOSTS ...... A. Suildings 18985.2 12656.8 31642.0 3483.5 2322.3 580S.9 40.0 23.7 E. Vehicles 1. Vehfcles-tA 40.5 364.1 404.6 7.4 66.8 74.2 90.0 0.3 2. Vehicles-Reserve 39.0 351.0 390.0 7.2 64.4 71.6 90.0 0.3 ...... Sub-Total 79.5 715.1 794.6 14.6 131.2 145.8 90.0 0.6 C. Equipment 1. Laboratory Equipment 13081.2 19621.7 32702.9 2400.2 3600.3 6000.5 60.0 24.5 2. Livestock Equipment 1910.5 1910.5 3821.0 350.6 350.6 701.1 50.0 2.9 3. AgrIcultural Equipnent 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4. Trafning Ext. Equipment 677.8 2711.2 3389.0 124.4 497.5 621.8 80.0 2.5 5. Office Equipment 3953.4 3953.4 7906.8 n5.4 725.4 1450.8 50.0 5.9 6. Data Processing Equipment 227.8 911.3 1139.1 41.8 167.2 209.0 80.0 0.9 7. Office/Lab. Furnishings 70.0 30.0 100.0 12.8 5.5 18.3 30.0 0.1 8. Adaptive Research Equip. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 Miscellaneous Equipment 714.0 306.0 1020.0 131,0 56.1 187.2 30.0 0.8 ...... Sub-Total 20634.7 29444.2 50078.9 3786.2 5402.6 9188.8 58.8 37.5 0. Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 E. Training 1. Overseas 1766.1 15894.9 17661.0 324.1 2916.5 3240.6 90.0 13.2 2. Internal 2662.4 1141.0 3803.5 488.5 209.4 697.9 A0.0 2.8 3. Research 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------...... -...... Sub-Total 4428.5 17035.9 Z1464.5 812.6 3125.9 3938.4 79.4 16.1 F. Technical Assistance 1. InternationaL Consult. 144.1 e73'.9 2&02.0 26.4 502.4 528.8 95.0 2.2 2. Local Consultants 00.J 0.0 203.!) 36.7 0.0 36.7 0.0 0.1 ...... I...... _ Sub-Total 344.1 2737.9 3082.0 63.1 502.4 565.5 88.8 2.3 ...... Total INVESTMENTCOSTS 44472.0 62590.0 107062.0 8160.0 11484.4 19644.4 58.5 80.1 ......

A. - 1. ^^ ¢ 70.9. 41.8 50.0 0.2

Su-

{.; ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~......

(~ ZJ Y 3 (?... 13358i.9 11091.3 13420.6 24511.9 0.0 100.0 V916.9 6415.1 11331.9 902.2 1177.1 2079.3 56.6 8.5 10143.1 10574.3 20717.4 1415.4 1429.4 2844.8 50.2 11.6 - ...... 75507.7 90131.6 165639.2 13408.9 16027.0 29435.9 54.4 120.1

-..... -...... _ 89._

ANEX 2 Sable 5

CHIN Agricutturel SupM"t SoerVIc Preoject cost stary 000 Yuan 000 USS X total ...... -...... X freign ease Locat for*Ign Total Local Foreign Totat exchange Costs A . Ousrentfne lervmee 1. tnforation Canter 4483.8 4Sa7.4 81.2 822.v 82u.0 1649.8 50.1 16.5 2. Proifnialt Laboratoria 12823.S 20616.9 33444.5 2353.3 3783.3 6136.6 61.7 61.2 3. Oatfan Plent Curantim 1465.1 t755.5 342.6 305.5 322.1 627.6 51.3 6.3 4. NangsuengAPO 1226.0 1176.4 2402.3 224.9 215.8 440.8 49.0 4.4 5. Hedquarters Traening 1677.6 4705.8 6343.4 30T.6 863.4 1171.3 73.7 11.7 Sub-Totat 21878.0 32764.0 54642.0 4014.3 6011.? 1t026.1 60.0 100.0 ...... Total BASELINECOSTS 21878.0 32?W.0 54642.0 4014.3 6011.? 10026.1 60.0 100.0 Physicat Contingemce 1?01.6 2893.9 4595.5 312.2 531.0 643.2 63.0 8.4 Price Contlngenci.a 3852.9 5085.6 8938.5 528.1 682.4 1210.4 56.4 12.1

,...... ,...... :...... : Total PROECTSCOSTS 27432.6 40743.4 68176.0 4854.6 .1 1079.7 59.8 120.5

,...... 1/13/193 13:51

...... ~ ~ ~ . * - 90 - A=X 2 Table 5.1

Agricuttural Support Services Surary Accounts Cost Sumcry 000 Yuan 000 US$ X Total ...... X foreign Bace Local foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchange Costs ...... ,...... t. INVESTMENTCOSTS ...... A. uiltdings 3814.8 2543.2 6338.0 700.0 4U6.6 1166.6 40.0 11.6 B. Vehfiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C. Equipment t. Laboratory Equipment 6106.4 10209.6 17016.0 1248.9 1873.3 3122.2 60.0 31.1 2. LIvestock Equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3. Agelcultural Equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4. TrainingU xt. Equipment 223.2 892.8 1116.0 41.0 163.8 204.8 80.0 2.0 S. OftieeEquipment 3162.6 3162.6 6325.2 580.3 580.3 1160.6 30.0 11.6 6. Data Process0n Equipent 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7. OtticetLeb. Furnishings 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8. Adaptive ResearchEquip. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9. Misceltgneous Equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sub-Totat 10192.2 14265.0 24457.2 1870.1 2617.4 4487.6 58.3 44.8 0. Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 E. Training 1. overseas 1188.9 10700.5 11889.4 218.2 1963.4 2181.5 90.0 21.8 2. Internal 1120.0 480.0 1600.0 205.5 88.1 293.6 30.0 2.9 3. Research 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ...... _.__. _._...... _. ;...... Sub-Total 2308.9 11180.5 13489.4 423.7 2051.5 2475.1 82.9 24.? F. Technicat Assistance 1. International Cnsault. 50.0 950.0 1000.0 9.2 174.3 183.5 95.0 1.8 2. Local Conaultants 200.0 0.0 200.0 36.7 0.0 36.7 0.0 0.4

SubrTotet ...... 250.0...... 950.0 _._._...... 1200.0 ...... 45.9...... 174.3 220.2...... 792..2 22 ___.... ______Totat tnESTMENTCOSTS 16565.9 28938.7 45504.6 3039.6 s309.8 8349.5 43.6 83.3 II. RECURRENTCOSTS A. OSMVehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 B 0S Bu ldidngs 686.7 76.3 763.0 126.0 14.0 140.0 10.0 1.4 C. 01 Equipment 3272.5 327n.s 6545.1 600.5 600.5 1200.9 50.0 12.0 0. Local Salaries 765.3 0.0 765.3 140.4 0.0 140.4 0.0 1.4 e. SPF Egg Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F. Cons4mbles 1. Laboratory Consejibles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2. Audio-Visual Cansumabtes 2S4.2 254.2 308.4 4.6 46.6 93.3 50.0 0.9 3. Office/Cwap. Consumibtes 333.4 222.2 55S.6 61.2 40.8 101.# 40.0 1.0 4. Asptive Res. Conswuables 0:0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0:0 0.0 0.0 00.

.*ub-TrOt4t 766.5 1064.0 107.8 1 9.2 44.8 1.9 G. Demor6tration Triats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totat RtCURRENTCOSTS 5312.1 3825.3 9137.4 974.7 701.9 1676.6 41.9 16.7 ~~~~~~~~~~~~...... _ .. .. __...... _. _..._ Totat LASELINECOSTS 21878.0 32764.0 54642.0 4014.3 6011.T 10026.1 0.0 140.0

Physicat Contingencies 1701.6 2893.9 4595.5 312.2 531.0 843.2 63.0 8.4 Priee Contingencies 3852.9 5085.6 8938.5 528.1 682.4 1210.4 56.4 12.1 ...... __...... , ...... _...... Totat PROJECTSCOSTS 27432.6 40743.4 68176.0 4854.6 7225.1 12079.7 59.8 120.5 .... 13_51...... _, .. _ /1tt11993 13:51 -91- Table 6

CH. ACRICTLTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Estimated Schedule of Disbursements

Disbursements Disbursement IDA Profile a/ FiscalYear/ Semester Cumulative Cumulative Semester ---. US$ million ---- 0 Yr/Semester % Year 1 1st 0 2nd 3 1994 Year 2 1st 8.0. 8.0 7 1st 10 2nd 7.0 15.0 13. 2nd 18 1995 Year 3 Ist 10.0 25.0 22 1st 30 2nd 10.0 35.0 30 2nd 42 1996 Year 4 lst 10.0 45.0 39 1st 54 2nd 12.0 57.0 50 2nd 66

1907 Year S 1st 13.0 70.0. 61 1st 74 2nd 12.0 82.0 71 2nd 78 1998 Year 6 1st 8.0 90.0 78 *lst 86 2nd 8.0 98.0 85 2nd 90 1999 Year 7 6.0 104.0 90 1st 94 2nd 6.0 110.0 96 2nd 98 2000 Year 8 1st 2.0 112.0 97 1st 100 2nd 2.0 114.0 99 2nd - 2001 1st 1.0 115.0 100 - - a/ Disbursementprofile for China- all sectors

Completion date: December 31, 1999 Closing date: . December 31, 2000 -92 - ANNE" Page 1 of 5

CHINA

AGRICULTURALSUPPpRT SERVICES PROJECT

Summary of Training and EducationActivities

1. Implementationof the ASSP will req-uiresustained high quality management effort in order to bring about the administrativeand technical changes proposed and to ensure that all parts of its geographicallywidespread project function smoothly. The extent of the management challenge can be more easily understood by observing the breadth of geographical and institutional coverage of the project. In addition to strengtheningMOA's management and technicalcapacity to provide better support for its numerous services and reorganizing the DOA and DAH, the project's Crop Services component covers 10 provinces, 13 prefectures,50 counties and 624 townships. The Livestock Services component covers 9 provinces, 18 prefectures,56 counties and 308 townships while the Animal and Plant Quarantine Services component covers a national center and 18 stations. The Seeds sub component would strengthen 10 provincial, 14 prefectural/municipal and 41 county seed companies. The project would also provide assistanceto six specializedcenters associated with the livestocksubsector and a numbet of institutionsdealing with agriculturalresearch.

2. Achievementof project objectiveswould depend heavily on the skills of staff in the institutionsresponsible for project implementation. The ASSP supports a comprehensive program of human resource developmentin order to build the skills base required and to ensure sustainability of sector institutions reorganized and strengthened.

3. This annex provides a summary of human resource activity supported by the project and is intended to assist those responsible for project supervision and provide guidance to staff who would implement the training programs in each major component.

4. Training and technical assistance program summaries have been prepared, and placed in the project file, which indicate the range and volume of education and training to be supported by the project. Included are summaries for activities which fall into the category of management (MOAstrengthening, DOA and DAH reorganization, project management and management of training and information services); crop services; livestock and veterinary services including six specialized centers; seeds; and quarantine services. The amount and phasing of technical assistance for training is also presented.

5. The summaries, divided into sections (labelled A-O), were prepared using the most recent available data but will need to be updated as project details are refined and a clearer picture of budget support emerges. The summaries should be used as a training program planning aid by the PNO and PPMOs. However, for implementation and management of training, the summary tables must be supplemented by the detailed cost tables (Annex 2) prepared for each component by level and by year.

6. Annex 3, in addition to text and component summary cost tables, also contains, as an attachment ( Attachment 1 ), a description of the in-service - 93 - At 3 Page 2 of 5 education and training plan for ATEC staff. Training managers should use this guide in planning and implementing training programs in agrotechnology.

Management of Training

7. The volume of training and its importance to the achievement of project objectives is sulch that management of the program becomes critical. Issues include assessment of skill gaps, identification of qualified training institutions,selection of candidatesfor training,and planning, implementing,ane evaluation of the training program.

8. The project would provide a program of Training Management at two levels:

(i) Approximatelyfive persons from the Training Working Group would attend a 10-12 week overseas course in TrainingManagement which should commence as soon as possible after project negotiations. The trainees,on their return, would be expected to assist with the supervisionof the ASSP training component and provide support for the training coordinators(TCs) at provincial,prefecture and county levels.

(ii) About 240 training coordinators appointed to take responsibility for training activities in various project componentswould also participatein a Training Management course offered at a number of locations in China. The Economic DevelopmentInstitute (EDI) of the World Bank would assist with the design of an in-country Training Management course and offer it to approximatelyv60 national, provincial,prefecture and specializedcenter TCs in two batches at selected Chinese academic or management institutions. The remaining 180 would be trained in early 1994 when their selectionand posting has been confirmed. Trainingwould be implementedby the institutionswhich offered the EDI designed course.

Role of the Training Coordinator.

9. The TC's job is to ensure that training activities are designed and implementedby competentpeople for traineeswhose needs have been accurately identified. Although this seems relativelysimple to achieve, considerable effort is required if the trainingprograms are to have the desired impact.

10. The SAR identifies training categoriesand indicates numbers of people to be trained or person months of training allocated and amounts of funding available but, in most cases, it does not identify individualsto be trained nor does it assess their skill deficienciesfor specific tasks. In order to provide meaningful training all staff categories should be reassessed to reflect actual training needs and trainingprograms designed accordingly.

11. In contracting institutionsto supply training programs,the TC must go to negotiationswith full informationabout the trainees includingtheir educational and work experienceprofiles, major skill gaps, preferred training dates and the numbers of candidatesto participate. The TC should be able to -94 - AMX^ 3 Page 3 of 5 toll the training institution what the desired outcomes of the training program are expected to be and agree on an evaluation methodology.

12. The TC should keep comprehensive and accurate records of the training completed and hold regular meetings with senior staff to report on progress of the program and to make managers aware of the availabilityof training vacancies and obtain manager's feedback on the effect of training programs on staff performance.

Getting Started

13. The first thing that the TC must do is to establisha training support group. The TC cannot be expected to manage all aspects of the training program alone. A training or human resourcessupport group should be created at all project levels to advise, discuss and assist the TC in all aspects of managing the training program. It should be clear to project management that the TC is a coordinatorand not a training officer. The TC is a manager of the training program and his/her job is to see that the best possible training is provided to staff who need it in an effectiveand timely manner.

14. Training managers should impressupon project and unit managers that the categories of training,the number of person months of training and the number of individualsto be trained as presented in the SAR are flexible and can be amended if assessed trainingneeds prove to be different. All training should be based on assessedneed and TCs would have to confirm those needs for all categories of staff before implementingtraining projects although, because of the large number of staff who may require training, skill gap analysis can be carried out on a sample basis.

15. In implementingtraining programs, TCs should pay special attentior,to the following in order to avoid delays:

(a) Speedy appointmentof staff to specific positions in project units;

(b) Updating job descriptionsto include duties and responsibilities associated with project objectives.

(c) Skill gap analyses which have to be undertakenand analyzed;

(d) Course design and materials preparation;

(e) Constructionof training facilitiesand procurementof training equipment;

(f) Obtainintgmanagers' agreements to release staff to participatein training activities;

(g) Identificationand assessment of training resource institutions;

(h) Finalizing contractsfor the implementationof training programs;

(i) Preparation,testing and finalizingevaluation instruments;

(j) Obtaining funding on time; and - 95- AR I Page 4 of 5

(k) Planning and administering trainee logistics (travel, doc.mentation, money).

16. Planning Training Activities. One of the most time consuming but necessary part of the TCs job is planning for training. Participants and observers attend training programs but rarely appreciate the amount of work which has been undertaken to ensure that the implementation takes place without problems. Planning for training programs must begin many months befcre the date of implementation. A good example is planning for overseas training. Contact with host agencies or institutionsoverseas must be made up to one year in advance and a choice of dates for the study tour or course offered; agreementmust be reached on the nature of trainee needs and the ability and willingnessof the host institutionto provide the required - training and/or experience;trainees must get language training,if required; clearances must be obtained from various authorities,passports and other travel documents applied for; money released;and transportreserved. Detailed descriptionsof the objectiveof the study tour or course must be approved and given to the selected trainee and his/her manager; copies of this document should also be sent to the host abroad; details of travel plans including dates and times of departure,arrival and return must be drawn up and provided to trainees, their managers and to the host agency or institution.

17. In-country or domestic training,especially if contractedout to an educational or research institution,also requires considerablepreparation, discussion and communications. The key is to begin preparationssoon enough to enable adjusaients to be made before the training activity begins. Once the training program is completed, evaluation reports should be shared with the trainee, trainers and trainees' managers. If the evaluationshows wveaknessin course design or delivery,changes must be made if there is to be a repeat of the program.

RecordKeening

18. TCs at each level should create a recora system which would contain:

(a) The entire training program at their level for the 6 years of project implementation.

(b) A list of all managers in all parts of the organization--agrotechnology,livestock, quarantine services, seeds and the specialistcenters.

(c) A work program showing when various interventionsare necessary. For example: When should the TC visit specificmanagers to discuss the training needs of their staff; when should a training needs (skillsgap) assessmentbe carried out; when should the TC obtain a list of all staff and their profiles 'name, age, educationand traininghistory, assignment,years oI experience);what is the most appropriatetime in the work year to release staff for training. Which are the potential training resource institutions in the area? Who in the various work units could be reliable as a trainer; what budgetary resources are available for train£ng? -96 - page 5 of 5 The AnimalHusbandrv and VeterinaryServices Trainini PFraofrai.

19. Design of this project component was undertaken late in the project preparation processand it was not possible to be as precise about training needs,trainee numbers and trainingactivity duration as in the case of other components.

20. The managementof the AnimalHusbandry and Veterinary Services (AHVS) trainingprogram would involvea considerableamount of discussionwith managersof units in the provinces,municipalities, counties and in the specializedcenters in order to confirmtraining requirements, identify specificskill and knowledgegaps and designappropriate training activities. This means that trainingactivities and allocatedperson months shown in the detailed tables in this and other annexesmust be consideredindicative rather than final. 21. It can be observedin the trainingsummary tables that a numberof trainingactivities, topics and durationsare listedas unspecifiedor open and the numberof traineeshas not been finalized.This would not present a problemas long as the TrainingCoordinator works with unit managersto undertakethe processof needsidentification.

22. TechnicalAssistance for Training. The projectprovides for internationaland localtechnical assistance specifically to supporttraining activities(section 0 of trainingprogram summaries). However, there is a training aspect to virtually all technical assistance included in the projectand trainingcoordinators should avail themselvesof the presenceof technicalassistance personnel to obtain inputsfor the design and implementationof trainingprograms. _ 97 _

Page 1 of 6

AgIICThA1 SM=T SERVICESgm

In-Service Education and Training Plan f&Qorth ATEQ_Staff 1. The followingis a tentativelist of in-serviceeducation and training optionsthat will be organizedunder the ASSP to up-gradethe skillsand competenciesof differentcategories of ATEC staff to undertaketheir newly assignedduties and responsibilitiesin the reorganizedsystem. In-service educationprograms at the post-graduate,university, 3 year diploma (agriculturalcollege), and technicalsecondary [Central Agricultural Broadcastingand TelevisionSchool (GABTS)] levels will be designedto up- grade the o-verallskills and knowledgeof the differentcategories of extensionstaff at all levelsin the ATEC system. In-servicetraining or short courseswill be organizedfor the differentcategories of staff and will focus on their srecificjob responsibilities.The followingis a brief descriptionof these in-serviceeducation and trainingoptions: In-Serv_ceEducation Programs

2. M.Sc. DegXee: Post-graduateeducation at the M.Sc. degreelevel will be provided for selected prefecture and county SHSs in plant protection,soils and fertilizers, and crop production/horticulture.The programwill provide sufficientresources for threeor more staffmembers from each MATEC and CATEC to pursuean M.Sc. degree. In some counties,there may be insufficient qualifiedstaff to undertakepost-graduate studies, particularly in the areas of plant protection and soil and plantnutrition. 3. The Master'sdegree fellowship program would include3 years of training,involving 12-18 months of coursework and 12-18months of thesis research. These fellowshipsshould be awardedin the first2 years of the project,so that all studentswould completetheir training by the end of the project. Thesisresearch for the M.Sc. degreeprograms could be carriedout eitherat the Institutesof Plant Protection,Soils and Fertilizers,or Crop Breedingand Cultivationwithin the Nationalor ProvincialAcademies of AgriculturalSciences (CAAS or PAAS),or at the specificHATEC or CATECwhere the studentis assigned.Students would be supervisedjointly by a faculty menberfrom the Universityand CAAS or PAAS. 4. The preferredareas of study for these fellowshipswo-ld be in soil fertility,piant nutrition,all aspectsof integratedpest management, culturalpractices, crop varietyadaptation (not plant breeding) and cropping systemstudies associated with rice,wheat, corn, rapeseed,peanuts, soybean, cottonand sugarcane.Emphasis in these studiesshould be on adaptiveon-farm researchtechniques and technologydevelopment. The estimatedcost of this post-graduatedegree program would be approximatelyY9,000 annually or a total cost of Y24,000per student,including travel, room and board,tuition, fees, and thesisresearch expenses. - 98 -

Attachmeal Page 2 of 6 5. Post-graduate:This two year post-graduateprogram would be organizedat BeijingAgricultural University, at the Mastersdegree level, for the technicalprogram leaders for each technicalsub-division. Also, some additional,unassigned post-graduate scholarships would be includedin the projeci.budget for otherpromising technical specialists who couldprofit from this type of in-serviceeducation; these unassigned funds would become availablein year threeor four of the project. The programleaders selected for this post-graduatetraining would be the younger,mid-career technical staff who have the potentialto becomethe heads of thesetechnical units in the future.

6. This two year post-graduateprogram will includeabout 75% coursework in the individual'sspecific field of expertise,with the other25% of the programbeing directedto coursesin extensionmethods, training, and communications.The goal of this programwould be that theseindividuals becomeknowledgeable about the processof technologytransfer, and skilledin extensiontraining and communicationsmethods. Estimatedcost: Y 15,000/personfor the two year course.

7. Diglomi:This one year post-graduatecourse would be organizedby BAU for the entireprofessional staff in the NATECProgram Support Unit, as well as otherextension trainers at the PATEC,MATEC, and CATEClevels. These professionalstaff members would take two semestersof in-depthcourse work in all major subjectmatter areas of extension,human resourcedevelopment, and technologytransfer, including such coursesas extensionmethods, training, communicationsand management,as well as coursesin agriculturaldevelopment and ruralsociology, and an introductorycomputer course.

8. The last threemonths of this post-graduatediploma course would be directedindependent study related specifically to theirparticular job assignments.This independentstudy might involvefield research, additional coursework, specializedtraining, or directedreading and study in the library. The finalproduct of this diplomacourse would be an 'n-depthpaper on theirparticular area of expertisewithin this program support area. Estimatedcost: Y 8,000./person.

9. B.Sc.Degree: In the MATECand CATECproposals, resources have been allocatedto upgradethe educationallevel of selectedextension personnel. At the MATECand CATEC,primary emphasis has been givento M.Sc. and post- graduatediplomas, as describedabove. In addition,at these two system levels,additional resources have been allocatedto up-gradenearly all youngerstaff membersto the B.Sc.degree level. In particular,staff memberswho alreadyhold diplomasfrom 3 year agriculturalcolleges can completetheir B.Sc. degreesin approximatelytwo years. Thesehuman resource investmentsare designedto increasethe overallcapacity of the ATEC system to supportthe field extensionstaff at the townshipand villagelevels. 10. AgriculturalCollege/CABTS: At the TATESand villagelevels, resources have been providedfor selectedextension staff members to furtherup-grade their educationalqualifications. At the TATES level,a limitednumber of secondaryschool graduates would be sent for diplomalevel training at the 3 - 99 -

Page 3 of 6 year agriculturalcolleges. Also, resourceshave been provided at the village level for farmer techniciansto complete their technicalsecondary diploma In agriculturalextension from the CABTS. The primary role that CABTS plays in providing in-serviceeducation for farmer techniciansand other agricultural support personnel at the village and township level is the primary justificationfor the modest equipment supportbeing provided to the CABTS under the NATEC budget.

JZ-Service Training

11. IRRLLCIMYI: Senior level SMSs at the national and provincial level would undertake 4 months of intensivetraining in adaptive research methodology,farming systems research,and the use of computersfor the statisticaland economic analyses of on-farm research at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippinesor the InternationalMaize antdWheat ImprovementCenter (CIMMYT)in Mexico. It would be preferred that all staff undertaking this traininghave sufficientEnglish language capability. It is anticipated,however, that Chinese language interpreters would be needed to ensure that participantsgain the maximum advantage from the training.Therefore, this short-termtraining program includes ths cost of one interpreteraccomp&aying each group to IRRI and CIMMYT.

12. The objective of this training activity at IRRI and/or CIMMYT, plus the follow-up training activitiesin each province,will be to improve the on-farm adaptive research methods and analytical techniquesused by SMS at the MATEC and CATEC levels. At the provincialor MATEC level, it is expected that the Sl4Sswho have adaptive research responsibilitieswill concentrateon Farming Systems Research/Extension(FSR/E) activities. At the CA!.,C level, senior SMSs for the primary commoditieswill employ Crop "anagementResearch (CMR) methods and analytical techniques. Therefore,within both the NATEC and each participatingPATEC, the objectivewill be to develop a training and backstoppingcapacity in FSR/E and CMR methodologies. Consequently,the four staff members in the CMR/FSR division of the NATEC and each PATEC will undertake a 4 month intensive"train the trainer* snort course at either IRRI or CIMMYT. Estimated cost: Y52,00O./person.

13. FSRZCMR Training: Following the training of trainers at IRRI and CIMMYT, in-country training courseswould be held for MATEC and CATEC level SMSs in each province of the project. These courses would provide training on adaptive research methodologies,farming systems research and use of computers for statisticaland economic analyses of on-farm research results. The program would begin with one month of training on the principles and methodologiesof farming systems research,followed by an additional three months of incrementaltraining, over a full cropping cycle. This in-country training program would cover planning, implementationand analysis of an on-farm research program.

14. The four provincial staff, who have undertakenthe short-termoverseas training program, would be the lead trainers (two for each course), supported by FSR/CMR adaptive research specialistsfrom both IRRI and CIMMYT. These - 100 - Attachment Page 4 of 6

internationaltraining specialistswill help arrange the course objectives and curriculum, course materials, and then provide the technicalexpertise and support for the on-farm research training program. Subject matter specialists, who are responsiblefor the on-farm adaptive research program at each HATEC and CATEC would attend these trainingcourses. All training materials for these courses would be translatedinto the Chinese language and then reproduced in sufficientquantity, prior to course commencement. Estimated cost: Y 3,000/person,plus IRRI/CIMMYTsupport costs (described below).

15. The estimated support cost of institutionalizingthis in-country training capacity for FSR/CMR in each PATEC would be about Y900,000, including up to 36 pm of technical assistancefrom IRRI and CIMHYT over a period of two years at the subsidizedrate of Y25,000 per month (travelcosts, plus direct training costs based on indicativecosts from IRRI). This cost would include technical trainiLzgsupport for four separate IRRI and CIMMYT training courses being held each year, with two provincesworking together on each course.

16. Computer: Three-week short courseswould be organizedat each PATEC to train key SHSs and other program supportpersonnel, from the PATEC and each MATE' and CATEC, in the use of computers for database management,statistical analyses, and word processing.Comparable courses would be organized at the national level for NATEC and NATSC personnel. Each course would be limited to 15 participantsto provide maximum opportunityfor "hands on" training and experience. The cost of these short courses is estimated to be approximately Y 500/participant for NATEC, NATSC, and PATEC personnel, and about Y1,500/participantfor MATEC and CATEC personnel due to travel and living costs.

17. Laboratory: Laboratory training would be required for the technical laboratory staff at each MATEC and CATEC. This course would provide specific training about the proper use of the new equipment being provided by the project and on modern methods of soil and plant analysis. The plan is to contract with the PAAS or the agricultural university in each province to offer two, 4-week short courses for these MATECand CATEClaboratory technicians. The cost for travel, room and board, and training costs is estimated at Y ,500/trainee.

18. Tgehnical/Admunistratnon:This six month short course will be designed specificallyfor the technicalunit heads within the NATEC, who currentlyhold the senior level administrativepositions in the four technical stations. In addition, some senior level technical/managerialstaff in some of the PATECs may select this training option as appropriatefor their needs. This professionaldevelopment activity could be equatedwith an administrative sabbatical leave and it would cover three major aieas. First, it would include formal training in extensionmethods, communicationsand the process of technology transfer. The second dimensionof the course would cover specific skill training in extension administrationand management. Finally, the third phase would concentrateon directed independentstudy in the unit head's particular technical field. - 101 -

Page 5 of 6

19. It is expectedthat this short coursewould be organizedby Beijing AgriculturalUniversity (BAU), with trainingin extensionmethods and managementbeing organizedby the Departmentof AgriculturalExtension. The. independentstudy would be directedby a seniorprofessor at MAU, possiblya facultymember in an academicdepartment or the Centerfor Integrated AgriculturalDevelopment (CMAD). However,it is expectedthat much of the independentstudy timewould be spentat the ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS) concentrating on the new or emergingtechnologies in each unit head'sparticular field of expertise.Estimated cost: Y 5,000./person. 20. Technical/Exton.: This threemonth shortcourse would be aimedat the technicalspecialists in each NATEC agrotechnicalunit; also, some PATEC SMSs might be selected for this type of training course. This short course would focus on the specificskills .d knowledge that these specialists would need to know or be able to do to functioneffectively in theirnew agrotechnicalsubject matter specialist (SMS) positions. The coursewould integratetechnical training, with "handson" skill developmentin extension communicationsand methodology.

21. After an initial orientationsession at BAU, during which the goals and objectivesof the shortcourse would be covered,each technicalspecialist would spend the next month at CAAS and relatedresearch institutions and universities,working with appropriatescientists in theirparticular area of expertise(i.e. maize production,sericulture, IPM). The objectiveof this assignmentwould be to learnas much as possibleabout new, emerging technologiesin theirparticular commodity/subject matter area. In addition, a secondaryoutcome would be to establisha directworking relationship with these scientists;a relationshipthat thesetechnical specialists would continueto build on throughtheir jobs in the monthsand years Eollowlngthis trainingexperience. 23. Followingthis month of independentstudy, the technicalspecialists would returnto BAU with detailedinformation on at least 2-3 new technologies,practices, or other relevantskills and knowledgethat would be of directvalue and interestto extensionfield personnel. Then these specialistswould work with the extension/communicationstaff at BAU to transform this information into different extension outputs. In addition to an introductory computer course, they would take classes on technical writing, where they would be expected to devalop an extension newsletter where they would describe each of the new technologies o- practices. 24. Time permitting, these SMSs might begin developing a training manual that could be used by CATECsubject matter specialists in trainirAthe TATES field staff on a new technology or practice, as well as response to farmers needs. Also, they would take &a introductory course on producing educatlonal videos. In this exercise, they would prepare the script and outline the video material necessary to use this medium in training field extenslon personnel about a specificskill or new technology.Also, they would take a course on extension methods traLinng, including the proper use of different A-V equipment and teaching aids. Estimated cost: Y 3500/person - 102 -

Page 6 of 6 25. Video: It is expectedthat the indivitualsemployed fbr the video productionunits would alreadyhave basic trainingand skillsin the use of video equipment.The overridinggoal of installinga videoproduction capacityin the NATEC and each of the PATECsis to produceeducational videos that can be used in the in-servicetraining of the extensionfield staff. Therefore,the video trainingshort course would concentrateon the particular skillsand methodsof producingeducational videos for this uniqueuse of distanceeducation/training. It is expectedthat the NATEC and PATEC video productionteams would be trainedat the same time. This firstcourse would cover the basic approachand methodsof preparingeducational videos, and would be carriedout throughthree, two week intensiveshort courseslocated at centrallocations around the country(5 teams/trainingsite). 26. After one year, a one week intensiveworkshop would be held for the presentationand poer reviewof each productionteam's best tapes. In addition,advanced video productionmethods and techniqueswould be covered duringthe secondcourse. Estimatedcost: Y2,500./person for the two courses, plus TA costs for educationalvideo trainers.

27. Oversgas: An overseas study tour of national extensionsystems in severalcountries (i.e. Japan, the Philippines,and Thailand)would be organized for the 9 PATECdirectors and the NATEC director,plus two deputy directors. The purposeof the study tour would be to study how agricultural extension is organized in other countries, to develop a better understanding about organizing and conductingon-fsrm FSR and to forge a close working relationshipbetween the NATEC and PATEC directoratestaff. Estimatedcost: Y 35,000./person. 28. Also, MATEC and CATEC directorswill have the opportunityto observehow FSR orientedadaptive research is organizedand executedat the local level. Each directorwill participatein a two week workshopand studytour in Thailandto observehow FSR orientedadaptive research programs can be organizedby SMSs and the messagesintegrated into the on-goingextension demonstrationprogram. 29. FarmerAssociations-Tour: A pilot projectwill be conductedas part of ASSP to betterunderstand how to enhanceand utilizevillage level farmer study groupsand townshiplevel farmer associations (FAs) in the dissemination of improvedagricultural technology. Farmer associations are commonlyused In many otherAsian countries for this purpose,.therefore, a study tour will be organizedto observethe use of these farmerorganizations in severalother countries.The study tour will includethe FA specialistsfrom the NATEC and each participatingPATEC, and the groupwould cover two or three countriesin approximatelytwo weeks. Also, a comparableFA study tour is proposedfor livestockextension. Followingthis study tour,the NATEC will conducta week long seminar/workshopto synthesizewhat had seenlearned about FAs duringthe study tour and then to use applicableconcepts in planningthe pilot project to exploredifferent approaches to organizingFAs. Estimatedcost: Y 20,000/person. AGRICULTURASUPPORT SRtVICES PtOJEC ManagementSeices and ProjectManagement

TOM TOM r.bim Cod(S$ USOM 19--I__ -Ij itnim conten min taeonozm _rron 4TrftTraining 1AslAc Arjhtauc&ThlmIaa |_ts_t am_ m t 4"

- - - gE A. lkuind TA - __ _ pd ~~~- - . -- --

L sd TAi lllbof dbe af_wAIonO b_d ApkmflW lsmuh By*= SpodUs 21 9 9 SsvwmSpibus ad 9lbe urmasla kbeoeSls4. 3S.A 3 A _

A. bftl_udTA _ - ,vm.mf D_b OMfo

SailorAUlsWsal Infosw u lss SS SSSdhI13 - 55.0 27Glee- - SS- - - AA3* Ia A. .Iemadamal a. Davdsysaal,ahlgDaPua ad

SulobrMshor IIUI ii. 55D 551B 55 55. 55. 55 a. AettbsPO dike

Pad bla samps o u

= =- .

______sped"___ 0 _3_ *dbpujdi*jgys AllX 3 -104 -Table 1 _ _ X~~~~~m Page 2 of 2

I ,. ii.1

.1 1 if"lii i Ri.

. g b ' fi Sp

rk~~~~~~~ d AGomcicAL EiTENON TECHNAL AssWrANCz

totSl totel _ , rop d cntent and loctla pperon ctot 1I92 1S 1994 195 199 1m7

A. . s_...._ .. _

1. 8tml.. Om Spcilst (M) 8 144 55 E 19 IS -PAT=- Prepae r. PI and Opar. Nels

2. l1eer oW Spoesilit (IS) 4 74 37 *7 - - - - AWKCIRt C Pfepanewr. Pun e Oper. K_n1l

s. Ae. trainin Spediolite (ATS) s 56 3? 19 NO-INdbeo, ft s Condct a1l gap -al e- aId prepa

4* 13 Ttainin SpSe. (travl ceo aly) 36 1"4 - . 82 . - PMIt train Caere (l stev) knstetal 4. l ft La La inL

s. WOL tehil en I. Prolet luslnatatic.

P.Prormat Spoilet 2 2 2 - - - - - II 2 Procrt Spe. to Abet in ha,ing Ip S5upast Spc. for VidoolAY/PriattrAjd4i, Lpim for au Lob. gvdvpsat

2. Vid"e _ip/.ntlln.tallstia Speilit 20 20 - 10 10 - . - U*TIIP* t Deeo Video Prop. Studio ad Supowios Cat. in Pre. for Video and Radio S"uissn S. 1tanmoOam Speilist 18 is 3 9 2 2 2 - URCIPAtKs Ibtrk itlh Toneto 1Sed a bape POW& R"epcate oirg. xodels 4. Apia. Camimai. Spe. a) S so . - 3 19 - - AIPtU Conduct Video treinin vorkehopa II. rustitatiomal DevelcM$ft

1. feaerc Ou Sp"ialit d16 16 9 2 2 - - I ATWICe oat with lorag mr and belp PAtM leplict Orgt. models

2. agri. Trainin Specilist 21 21 3 9 S 1 5 - U IIECst Vogt with oreri TS8 aez bhlp PYTWa Roplicat Trning P"l 3. Agric. Ctb i. Sp 5 5 , 3 2 - PMWIPATCa Workvith Foreto CS ia Traing A cTIP 0 f S 1btaul 82 Li LO2 9 ______FeW~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l total Totl Phel b t Proed contet ai locatio Itemalofbjeets pore. cost 296 1997

1. Locl TrSlubn an Stldy Tar.

1. n.5.. Dape (3 yens) $,2, 1,004.0 122 243 243 24t 122 isiftng Aric. Cildv. (&UM) fha.ti - adeptie reerch mtbode tedholy

2. poetrand. Dipim (2 Yes) 7,0O8 80o.7 96 19i Its 193 196 UJfrow. Agric. Univ. 7 in tehb. ubject are tnp 2S2 an estesiem iaetodolog

3. Dipleu In nteustosE39.1 (I year) 2,77 41 81 *1 S0 40 m*1 CaVprebeusiv. anZfo. W. sth4odel3gt.. 7*., Agric. C-.

4. B.Sc. egree (3 ye") 4,672 510.1 71 143 143 143 70 ftc. Agric. Uedy.t Tech. Subject cstter

S. tecbldeit. traS g t6 Cs itha) 2S2 38.5 10 28.5 _ 3*DGASe Spec. Study in toeh. Specialty and Ext. Vgt.

6. Tc.latem. trann (S soag) 15s 98.2 26 26 - - - 3AUICSo Sp. Study In tech. Flld and Ext. Veth0d Training

7. Adaptie leasrch (4 montl) 2,240 305.3 - 98 t 97 * Spec. Cour for lCA= mS.oe PSIan KCoR t feu) Ntbhod

S. 1stee. Short Cour (3 moutha) 1,538 225.1 - 89 89 S9 - PtE Spec. Coure for IC aC Ext. Spec. an Ext. )(tb.d8 gt.

9. Coputer traiI (I moth 9 146.1 - 83 82 - . AEIPAhCo intro. Crom an ford Proc-.. lust sB Ngt.ISpremd Sheet

10. Lab-Tech. Cor (I on) 327 60.0 - 41 40 - - PuSIPUI Spec. course aPt. rert. Q.c. Procedre

11. Video training (1+1 muth) 122 28.0 - 14 14 - - :IMtEC, Spec. Video Trainin Cours

12. CUS Coure (S yost) 84,052 344.2 - 81 80 s0 so *gri. Tech. Soc. School Core for I.T.

13. LnP Training (S 620 113.7 50 - - - - Englh Lauge Sdool Coe for SMSS gotng to 33

14. Seed Diplou (3 we)e) 24 7.2 - * 2.4 2.4 2.4 Wt, Sed teting

IS. QC Tecnial Traing (3 montht ) 60 9.6 - . 3.2 3.2 3.2 am.C Teditol Trining

16. AdSrn. trainng (3 mo) 60 9.6 - - 3.2 3.2 3.2 MM10, Adn. Staff mangmnot trainig t

17. Computer tainit (MC) 150 13.8 - 3.4 5.5 3.5 3.4 *C. Cmputer and word proctessn Be

Subtotal 114.956 4.061.2 416 1.123.9 1.075.3 937.3 420.2 0 t4 X~~~~~~~~~~TOU To" =etbIffJ 109 PM" Itsulsobjecto "To coo ito lotsiarVooe cootadocto5t 4 locaionOai onth. (0o00)

1. 1 1iQs C (4 Outh.) 54 540 s00 240 nil3. Tb. Phlippine) s Train the Trainer COWW tin labsL methodoing 2. 3*13115T30Dir. Study Tour ( uth) 17 109 I0N - - - - Sa d, no Pbil4pio. a5 Ju. ShJR Vtd, Pi" org. and va. of Katame St Sotams s. v*ucgcx3Dir, stadyTour (2 weets) Ss 59 29 , tS I t0 od in odr mat"Ib Plamng 'yet- 4. tarmer Me.. Stedy Tor 12 welok) is 8 . U . . . J r l Comparstive stuy of VA. la Asia Couatrte S. 33 Vlome (12 oth) 4 100 50 s5 - (TlbM Plppne.). Traini Spec. in 1U1

4. Tsestim - Omere. 4 14.J 14.7 Japn. tufonatim usetootI 7. Peat _magment 2 9.2 _ .ailans-douss I p.. S. 11n. P ubl - Ov0re"e (U12 II,,) 24 40 - 55 To be dtImi 9. ulity Contr.llSaed Tetia (6 _ioth) £2 5s - 2 28 . 9USA. Dmme* q ity eare 10. Sd QC - 0,e 1n(ebI £ S _ _ S _ _ A sA 11. ead Ttig (I mob) I 4.4 - - - . - roe Subtotal (8te.amt1i Treinin sod Stuy TourS) 20 1027.j 489 111.9 6.4 MS.PMet _ tO of

1. a Trainin ( Smths) 575 105.5 175 175 £65 S Cour for P Per l 2. Proj. 2t. Trai nI mth) 9 45.5 i5 15.5 i. _ . t. Treain toot.I eao Mgt. Trainig for MIIP Staff 3. Compater Trning ( mOt) £00 18.3 - 50 50 _ . ntro. Trainig in gord Proca.. Spreadshet, and bta as"c Ngp. d1 4. Oere" Stud Tour (2 -ek) 6.5 47.7 £00 10 - - - ora Project Mgt. in UJ.. Projet p 0 5. Project magaentIlCAT - Otere. . t Study our 4 Cl 29.4 - - - 29.4 - Asi Pre4'ot ?nplamutation I 6. O,.ees Study Tour (2 weel) J 11 i11 t Ala lProject lu leMetatio o subtotl- 7TF. 5n7. 5 study Teue 7S7. 5 27.4 no0 420.s 241I p4 AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT SERVICESEPROJECT

Total Total IWhsina by year (wersoulmonths) Proposed conte anad ltem/ subject No. of person cost 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 and locatione persons moths ($'000)

I. Iealll

1. M.Sc. Seed Tech. (3 years.) a 288 35.2 - 2 2 4 - - Agron./Seed Tech. bejm AS. Uiv. (MM

2. B.Sc. Agron. (2 years) 85 2,040 233.9 - 20 20 20 1S 5 4gron.1a20

3. Dlploma (1 year) 167 2,004 245.1 - So 37 30 30 20 Protneiial A8. Coil. (a) ge" Testing 67 804 - - 20 17 10 10 10 (b) Seet roductton S0 600 - 1S 10 10 10 10 (c) Seed Processlag So 600 - - IS 10 10 10 10 4. Rztenslnn/Short Course (a) Seed Testing 312 311 85.6 _ So S0 56 56 100 POTSChIUTEC/CAIKC o (b) sed Procesels 756 756 207.9 - 100 100 150 200 206 PATUC/HTAECICATDC (c) Seed Production 756 756 207.9 - 100 100 150 200 206 PATICIMATECICAIZC (a) Seed Supply 908 908 249.7 - 150 1S0 150 200 256 PATEC/IATZICATEC

S. Lags4ubsTrainlng (anglish) 14 84 15.3 - 10 4 , * - English Langusas Seboo. I. International Trainia la

1. U.Sc. (Seed Tech.) 2 24 40 - 12 12 - - - bEc,cmanagement, Seed Ind. *University of

2. Seed Enterprise Management 10 10 66 - 5 5 - , - Seed Co. Man.; Special course to be arranged at Univ. of Tbailand

3. Quality Control/Seed Testing 2 12 56 - 12 - - - - Seed lab. get., Quality Control Systems; Danish Inst. Seed Testing

0 Total Total Phastun bv Year (nersonlmonths) Proposed content and Itemisubject go. of person cost 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 199? and locstions persons months ($'000)

A. rim Tecbhnical Assistance I. Institutional Develomornt

1. quaplty Control I I 1.S - I _ - Seedteetin as pert of quality controll.ssurance for the WNCLab. In UelJins 2. Seed Production 1 1 18.5 - 1 - SeedtechnolosY. msagnot sad marestS*8 from national to couatg

3. Kanampnrt PlanaelkAcouatfr4 2 2 37.0 - I 1 - _ - oinancJ m*naemsat-- costing andbudgeting

4. Seed Processng 1 1 18.5 - I - - - All spects of eed proceoeisg technques from cleaning to packaging -

la Pfinal cost of those courses not petestabllahed.1

0 CNINA ACRIWLIrA. "M9OTSERVICES PROJCT PhasedTraining Cost schedute for tlvestock ondCatr tine Sehcoqponents Total Total PhtaedCost (W5s060) Training or Person cost ...... Technical Assistance Nanths (USS000) 1993 1994 1995 19V6 1997 1996 ProposedContent ...... A. QUARANTINESERVICES I. OverseastrainingStud Ttours quarantine management 41 246.0 180.0 30.0 36.0 Plant and animatquarantine _pnt headquarters study tours 92 459.2 69.9 94.8 94.8 99.8 99.8 Tedhnical attachments,several coontries Subtotat 133 785.2 249.9 124.8 130.8 99.8 99.8 0.0 It.Oomestic Training Ptant quarantine 600 1S1.1 23.9 23.9 23.9 18.3 20.2 In-servicetraining Indiagnostic tabtechntques Animalquarantine 350 64.2 18.3 18.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 tn-servtcetraining In diagnostic tab techniques Training management 2 7.3 7.3 Project ffanagement training 876 SS8.7 89.9 122.0 1S4.1 96.3 96.3 study tours 4 25.7 2S.7 Vlsits to local Institutes tcChnical training 220 40.4 4.6 8.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 Varlous technicat topics, In-service training Subtotal 2052 806.4 122.9 166.8204.6 138.5 133.0 38.5 P. tIVESTOCKSUPPORT SERVICES 1. n'mestictraining tintionalCenter directors 100 18.4 5.5 S.5 3.7 3.7 Senior mwengementtraining Disease investigation 75 13.8 8.3 5.S courses in disease monitoring; natt epi unit fvestockf extension 300 55.0 11.0 11.00l 11.0 11.0 11.0 Kati AUC training programfor provinces teed prodaction 80 14.7 7.3 3.7 3.7 Feedqtity control training for nati staff romixiter management 200 36.7 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 In-service skclls training for AWSCstaff senior management 10 1.8 0.9 0.9 _angemmttraining for senior ugers Project management 80 14.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 In-service training for Centeronwaers Livestock production managemt 100 18.4 S.S S.5 3.7 3.7 Prodtlon training for Center staft tanquagetraining 40 7.3 3.7 1.8 1.8 ESLtraining for ARINCstaff for ohs training Gerrptasmtechnology 32 46.4 SS 9.7 10.6 10.8 9.7 tralning for llatl genebak center Ipidemiology 1S 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Training for Kati Epidaeiologyunit staff Laboratory management 40 6.6 1.S 2.2 2.9 Vet. Instnuent & prodects testing lnboratory technology 200 33.0 7.3 11.0 14.7 In-service training for vet predwct& Instrment testing SPFunit training 10 1.8 1.8 8PFea prodoction technotogy ntia ity control training 45 30.9 10.7 19.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 QC training for feed. ghmracetliat centers t1impecifled training 475 80.8 5.5 22.9 22.0 21.1 9.2 teserved for further allocation according to need Subtotal 1802 383.2 32.1 93.S 111.9 88.7 46.5 10.5

it. International Tralning A study tours 34 215.1 89.9 64.2 48.2 Tednfical visits to ealuate nme tedmoglogies Short term technical training 1O5 522.9 118.3 255.4 149.2 Technical attacments In animal health, prmxtion | B.Sc program 24 36.6 36.6 . i' sPFunit traIning 4 35.7 35.7 SPFegg proedctton technology 0 Vet. pharmaceuticatsQC trafning 50 227.5 95.6 109.2 18.2 4.6 Vet. pharmaceutical C disanostle technology F Stbtotal 217 1037.9 206.3 487.5 306.6 1.2 4.6 0.0 C. LIVESTOCKFIELO SERVICES 1. DomesticTratning Sttdy tours 521 220.2 49.2 122.9 23.9 11.T 8.1 4.4 Localstudy tours for onto. prod*ttinaheolth topics tivestock extension methodology 2832 808.1 16.0 207.3 282.2 142.7 136.3 23.S Livestockextension training for proviwnei staff Disease Investigation 2831 835.7 42.0 233.6 246.4 146.5 130.9 36.2 Provlncial epidemIologystaff training cocnputermanagement 617 110.3 9.5 32.7 35.1 28.8 4.2 CoWputerskill training for pro and strprov staff Post graduate training 117 566.6 239.6 269.5 59.4 Locat 8Scin oint. prod - health training management 77 14.1 2.0 12.1 Trainng manSero trairni. unspecified training 1482 249.0 36.0 48.6 47.7 44.6 42.4 29.7 To be determinedaccording to need coiA AGRIaCtIMALSUPPORT S ICuESPIECT hissed TraIning cost scbe6zlefor Livestock andQuarantine Sabcomponents Totat total Ph_as Cost CUlSN00) traluaisg or Person Cost . Assistance Ibnths (S10001 1993 1994 995 1996 19? 1996 PrposedContent T4chnfcal ...... _ .1L ...... IECCNICALASSIITAIICE 1. PatIey support 4 73.4 73.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.P 0.0 A. iUTllATIOilL TA Plant quarantin speclatist 1 18.3 18.3 Technical r*lew of coetabllity of plant quantine low Wlth Intenitinalty acceptedstadds Animt quarantine specildist 1 18.3 18.3 Tedhnicat reviem of compatablilty of anialt luprantine laws with internatlinally accepted stendbirds abtotat 2 36.7 36.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

It. Institutlonalbevelapoant 167 572.4 5.7 522. 220.2 69.S 5.8 3.7 A. IUTIIUAII"UM IA (a) uawrantineServlcos Pa)wt dise e diagnosticlan 4 73A. 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 tolecutlaw ssy and ELISA dlagntic teclnology for diagnosis of exoticptant diseases for qimrantinestaff Animal disease diagncstlelon 4 73.4 - 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 Molecular assay and ELISA dlagnostic tethnetogy for diagois of exotic animal diseas for quarantine staff (b) tivestock Spport Services t Animal breeding I 18.3 18.3 Anil/tipoultry gerup sA preservatlo for nett gene bn* Forage grass evaluatlen 1 18.3 18.3 Forae plant e.wplas preservatln for natt gene ba* Epidmoloelgy 1 18.3 18.3 Epidemiotgital survey techniques for natt epidemiolosy unit I Laboratory _ummnt 1 18.3 18.3 Principtes of laboratory menagueentat AIVS, nm-t vet tab SPF *eg production tA 9 18.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 9.4 Pathogen monitoring technlques for SPf lab staff feed QC training 3 S5.0 18.3 18.3 18.3 Feed analysis technfques for matl feed quality control staff Vet. fisrm QC traIning 9 165.1 110.1 SS.0 Oruo analysis tedhniques for natt vet pbrmaoeutical QC staff Cc) Livestock field Servimes Anlmsl productlontheatth 2 36.7 36.7 Dlagnostic and animal prodectlon techniques for prev AINYCO iseae investigation 4 73.4 36.7 36.7 Feltd disease survey tedhniques for provimcil MVmCstaff feed QC trainIng 4 73.4 36.7 36.? feed sasptin,and analtsis for provinciat staff nspecifled training S 91.7 91.7 Cd) Organizational Review DA/DAB 4 82.6 82.6 Dept of Anbial Uudiamfr*yProv Al organliatinal revwie *. OCAL VA (a) uarntine Services arantine speclalista 50 18.3 2.2 4.4 4.4 2.2 1.5 3.7 ilagois of exotic plantanlil dlseasesfor qwrntine staff fb) Livestock field sevic*s il Coqiter programIn 61 33.6 1.7 8.6 10.8 9.2 3.3 tap etertraining, provincial lel, In S4Iport of Info system review DAN 4 3.6 1.8 1.8 Dept of Animalt Uub dry/ProvA orgAnim etienal review Ce) Orzational - t J...... ,..,F, ...... _ ...... * _ _ ...... - 112 -

ANNKX4 Page 1 of 4

&MICULTURAL SUpPORTSERVCESa PROJECT

StrengthenLngResearch-Education-Extension-Farmer LLnkaes

1. The project seeks to strengthen research-education-extension-farmer linkages through several different project inputs and mechanisms. Some of the project activitiesthat are designed to strengthenthese linkages are described in this Annex.

StrengtheningAdaptive Research Capacity in the ATEC System:

2. The adaptive research function, that is designed to develop location specific technology for different commodity,cropping and farming systems, will be more fully institutionalizedand strengthenedwithin the agrotechnical extension (ATEC)system itself,especially at the prefectureor municipal (MATEC) and county (CATEC) levels. This adaptive research functionwill be carried out by the technical or subject matter specialists(SMSs) within the ATEC system. These SMSs, in turn, will train and backstopthe townshipagrotechnical extension station (TATES) staff who will demonstratethese on-farm research findings and train the farmer techniciansand demonstrationfarmers who will utilize these technicalrecommendations at the village level. Therefore,the adaptiveresearch function will become the primary responsibilityof the ATEC system.

3. This adaptiveresearch capacity will be strengthenedat the MATEC and CATEC levels by establishinga farmingsystems research (FSR)/cropmanagement research (CMR) training capacity in each PATEC. In each of the ten participating provinces,4 FSR/CMR training specialistsfrom each PATEC will be trainedat the InternationalRice Research Institute(IRRI) and then they will be fully equipped to carry out this training role within the province. It is noted that the initialplan was for one-half of these trainingspecialists to be trainedat the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMKYT), but due to its discontinuationof CMR adaptive research training,all FSR/CMR trainingwill be conducted at IRRI. Therefore, the second short course will cater to the needs of those participants who come from provinces where maize and wheat are the primary crops.

Research-ExtensionLinkages:

4. To strength the research-extensionlinkage between the provincialacademy of agriculturalsciences (PAAS) and the PATEC, one adaptive research specialist from each PAAS will be selected and trained at IRRI along the side of the PATEC trainers. It is expected that these adaptiveresearch specialists from each PAAS will become part of the provincial FSR/CHR training team upon their return from the Philippines. Also, this provincialFSR/CMR training team will coordinateand backstop this newly organizedand strengthenedadaptive researchcapacity at the MATEC and CATEC levels.

5. A total of 54 specialists (5/province,plus 4 additional SNSs from the NATEC) will be trained as FSR/CHR trainers during two special short courses at IRRI, starting in July, 1993. A senior level IRRI training specialistwill - 113 - ANNE Page 2 of 4

for the "skill gap analysis" that is tentatively scheduled participate in special 1992 to further 4efine the curriculum for these two October-November, these new To provide administrativeorientation and support for short courses. of each PATEC training and adaptive research activities,the directors FSR/CMR (FSR/E)programs will undertakea study tour of farmingsystem research/extension research/extension in Thailand aud the Philippines,as well as to study adaptive MATECs and CATECs programs in Japan. Also, the directorsof all participating in Thailand,concentrating will undertaketwo weeks study tours of FSR/E programs for each of the four or-rice and maize based farming systems as appropriate different study tours. each PATEC, starting in 6. To firmly establish FSR/CMR training capacity in of technical and at its own expense, IRRI will commit about 36 pm early 1994 course or two to these provincial trainers as they conduct their first assistance travel expenses of these in each province. The project will only pay for the specialistswho will rotate between the different provinces. IRRI's training from will fund two experienced,adaptive research specialists Also, the project adaptive Academy of AgriculturalSciences (CAAS) and two senior, the Chinese fellows at specialistsfrom the NATEC to become post-graduateresearch research the IRRI training for 12 months. These four "fellows"will work along side IRRI courses that will be team during both of the two, special four month training headquarters. held for these PATEC/PAAS/NATECtrainers at IRRI to all of IRRI's four training specialists(fellows) will have access 7. These select, adapt, and then FSR/CKR trainingmaterials and they will be expected to In addition,steps will translateall of these trainingmaterials into Chinese. that are specific to maize be taken to access CIMMYT'sFSR/CMR training materials have been modified and and wheat production. Once all of these materiais in the new extension translated, they will be duplicated or produced within the new NATEC. communicationssupport unit that is being established from the NATECwho these four IRRI follows, plus the four additional SMSs Then, central support unit receive IRRI training,will return home to create the will training throughout the within the CAAS and the NATEC for adaptive research the NATECand CAAS to country. Together, they will form the apex unit to link centers (IARCs) to further IRRI and the other international agricultural research of new FSR/CHR training enhance FSR/CMRresearch methodology and the development materials.

Research-Education-ExtensignLinkages: in the new NATEC will 8. At the national level, all 68 technicalspecialists that will be organized undergo a minimum of three months of in-servicetraining and that will involve and managed by Beijing Agricultural University (BAU) scientistsat the CAAS. directed independentstudy under the guidanceof senior these national level The goal is to create a direct working relationshipbetween and BAU, respectively. SMSs and the senior scientificand teachingstaff at CAAS courses they should When these SMS complete their differentin-service training and findings for their be fully conversantwith the latest technical research it is expected that most area of specializationand, through this experience, these senior scientists SMSs will establishan on-goingworking relationship with at the provincial at the CAAS and BAU. Comparableprograms will be organized - 114 -

level.

ANNEX 4 Page 3 of 4

9. The project will use several other mechanism to strengthen research- education-extensionlinkages. For example,considerable emphasis is being given to M Sc degree training at the national,provincial, prefectural or municipal, and county levels of the ATEC system. In addition to up-grading the skills and knowledge of the most promisingSMSs at each level, these post-graduatedegree programswill be designedto includecourse work at the (provincial)agricultural university (PAU) and thesis researchon an adaptive research topic that will be jointly supervisedby PAAS and PAU scientificstaff. Again, the goal is to both strengthenadaptive researchcapacity within the ATEC system and to build strong working relationshipsbetween ATEC SMSs and the scientific staff at research institutionsand agriculturaluniversities at all levels.

10. Another mechanism to strengthenresearch-education-extension linkages is by appointingPAAS and PAU scientiststo "standing"advisory panels or technical committees that will be established by each PATEC, MATEC, and CATEC in the project area. It is expected that these carefully selected advisory committee members will alert the ATEC system about promisingnew technologies,they will help coordinate the applied research work of the PAAS and PAAUin each project area, and they will help guide and assess the adaptive research program of each participatingNATEC and CATEC. These researchand universitypersonnel will also serve as part of the feedback system on farmer problems to the PAAS and PAU in each province. A comparablepanel will be established at the national level between the CAAS, national agriculturaluniversities, such as the BAU. and the Central AgriculturalBroadcasting and TelevisionSchool (CABTS).

Farmer-Extension-ResearchLinkages:

11. The project is giving particular emphasis to the organizationof farmer associations (FAs) in both the crop and livestock sectors. These farmer organizations are already springing up throughoutthe country,but with varying degrees of success. The project will fund a series of activities,including a study of FAs in China (alreadyunderway), a study tour of FAs in other Asian countries, a national FA workshop, and pilot projects to develop and test the most appropriate methodology and models for establishing FAs throughout the project area and country.

12. As the ATEC system takes the leadership for establishing commodity specific and comprehensive FAs throughoutthe country, these farmer organizationswill begin to function as an effectivefeedback system to both researchand extension. In the project area, the CATECs and TATES will establishadvisory committeesand panels for farmers to have a direct role in program planning and development. Leadersof these FAs will be representedon these general advisorycommittees and commodity specific panels to provide direct input into the formulation of adaptive research programs and in guiding at-.evaluating extension programs. Also, it is expected that these FAs will develop a close working relationship with the county level Science and Technology Commissions that fund research- extension projects that are proposed by each CATEC. Through these different types of interaction,farmers can have a direct impact on formulatingadaptive research-extensionpriorities and programs. - 115 -

ANNEX 4 Page 4 of 4

QCntractRessarch: 13. In eachprovince, the ATEC system willhave a budgetfor contractresearch and for the developmentof trainingmaterials and modules. Each year,the ATEC systemwill identifyone or more key researchpriorities and issuean requestfor proposals (RFP) from the PAAS and the PAU. The purpose of these research/trainingfunds is to draw researchattention to key productionproblems that limit crop productivityin the province. In effect,extension will begin to create a "demand" for specific types of problem oriented research on the part of the PAU and PAAS. LikewLse,when the PAAS or PAU has a promisingnew technology,the PATECwill be able to contractwith the appropriateinstitution to developtraining materials that will enhancethe in-servicetraining of the extensionfield staff about that new technology. - 116 - ANNEX 5 Page 1 of 5

AGRIMULTURASUPORT SERVICESPRQLEC FarmerAssociations and VillageEconomic Cooperatves

I. The PresentStatus ogf Farmers Organizations in China A. FarmerStudy Groups and Associations 1. Informationprovided by the Scienceand TechnologyAssociation indicates that thereare approximately103,000 farmer study groups and associations(FAs) throughoutChina with a totalmembership of about 3.0 million. There are four major typesof FAs in China;each type is describedbriefly below: 2. Sgecialtechnology type: theseFAs devotemost of theirtime to the study of productiontechnology for a specificcrop or enterprise.Indigenous experts and specializedfarm householdsare central to this type of organization. Members exchange experiencesamong themselvesabout different production practiceson an ad hoc basis. For example,some paddy rice studygroups conduct trainingfor their members,multiply better varieties,and carry out high yieldingdemonstrations; others may onlyhave regular monthly meetings to receive trainingand discusstechnical practices. 3. Technicalservice tyge: thistype of FA providestechnical assistance and relatedservices to theirmembers before, during and after the productioaof a specificcrop, livestock or poultryenterprise. Specifically, these associations arrangefor farmersto gain accessto credit,production inputs, and marketing services;also theymay arrangefor farmersto receivetraining on new production technology. 4. Businessmanagement type: FAs of this type providemany typesof direct servicesto farmers,including input supply, provision of credit,processing of agriculturalproducts, and provisionof marketingservices. This typegenerally moves rapidly to become an enterpriseand farmer members subscribe as shareholdersof these businesses. An example of this type would be the watermelonstudy associationin XinchengCounty in Hubei Province;it has seed multiplicationfarms in severalprovinces, with six vehiclesand fixed assets totalingover Y300,000. 5. Verticallyintegrated tMpe: this is the most advancedtype of FA and most are verticallyintegrated enterprises. For example,the cattleraising FA in Pengjiazhuang Township of Xinle Countyin HubeiProvince regularly fattens about 300 calves, hires 90 workers, and has an abattoir and storage facilities. Also, it sends salesmen to Beijing,Shanghai, Lanzhou and otherbig citiesto market animals and negotiate contracts; it has an annual production value of about Y20.0 million. - 117 - ANNE Page 2 of 5

6. FAs have grown rapidly over the past decade as farmers seek to increase farm income, on one hand, and to build a more prosperous rural economy, on the other. Farmers recognize that improved technicalknowledge can increase their productivityand, through cooperativeenterprises, they can generateaddiZional off-farm income to improve the well being of the farm household.

B. Village Economic Cooperatives

7. Throughout the country there are village economic cooperatives which parallel the village counsel in carrying out economic activities within each village. These organizations can be traced back to when the production responsibilitysystem was initiated. Subsequently,in 1983, the State Council advocated the establishmentof village eeonomic cooperativesunder the existing collectiveprinciple for economic devel:*ment. However, it was not until 1987, 4 after farmershad developedconfidence a the productionresponsibility system, that they recognizedthe need for cooperativeorganization. Currently, there are 1.89 million cooperativeson record in 740,000 villages across the country.

8. In January 1991, the State Councilonce again re-emphasizedthe importance of setting up rural economic cooperatives. Because farmland is collectively owned, a primary function of the village cooperativeis to manage the farmland within the area of the village and to maintain it as a production resource. Other functionsinclude maintenance of productionfacilities, such as irrigation systems, and carrying out joint activities such as pest control and land preparation. Also, some village economic cooperativeshelp farmers obtain farm inputs and assist with the marketing of tarm products. In a number of cases, these economic cooperativeshave developedvillage enterprisesto utilize excess labor within the village.

9. According to informationprovided by the Department of Rural Cooperative Economy in the Ministry of Agriculture(MOA), rural cooperativeorganizations can be classified into three types. First, there are the production management types, which manage farmland and maintain irrigation facilities. These cooperatives are organized by farmers and account for 60% of all rural cooperatives. Second, the service type of cooperativeorganizations assists in input supply and product marketing, as well as in the operation of farm machlinery.This type accountsfor 33% of all village cooperatives.Third, there are other types of farmer study groups and associationsthat differ from the farmer associations described earlier and account for about 6-7% of all the village economic cooperativeorganizations.

10. In rural China, there are other types of farmer organizationssuch as the Farmers CooperativeFoundation. These organizationshave residual funds passed along from the savings of the previous productionteams and from other sources. These funds are channeledthrough either the farmer study groups or the economic cooperativesfor productionpurposes and/or the promotionof villageenterprises. Other rural organizations,such as the supply and marketing corporations or credit cooperatives,are under the supervisionand guidanceof the Ninistries of Commerce and Finance, respectively. - 118 -

ANNE -5 Page 3 of 5 II. Sua6grtingInstitutions

A. Science and TechnologpAssociation

11. The Chinese Science and TechnologyAssociation (CSTA)was established in 1949 with two organizations;one was called the National Science Popularization Associationand the other was known as the ChineseScience and TechnologyWorkers Federation. In 1958, these two organizationswere merged and the present name adopted. The main purpose of the CSTA is for science and technology exchange, and its popularization. There are 159 different oationalsocieties under the Science and Technology Association representing different scientific fields/disciplines,which operate at the national and lower levels. At the township and village level, the association ls known as the Science and Technology PopularizationAssociation (STPA) which, in turn, organizes farmer study groups and associations(FAs).

12. The CSTA is a people's organizationthat is designedto encourage the use of scienceand technologyto increaseproductivity across many fields, including agriculture. In each township,the deputy chief of agriculture is responsible for the township science and technology program for the agricultural sector. There is usually one worker assigned to work with the deputy chief to organize FAs throughout the township. Normally, a township STPA committee is organized with the deputy township chief as its chair and leadingpersons in the township serve as committeemembers to promote these farmerstudy groups and associations. Beginning in 1980, the CSTA began conductingtraining programs for farmers. In addition, they began evaluatingand then certifyingfarmer technicians(FTs) and assistant technicians,who were judged to be technicallycompetent to advise farmers. In some areas, the extensionsystem assists in the establishmentof these FAs, but in most countiesand townships,extension personnel are not active in organizing farmers into FAs.

III. Rationale and Basic Considerations

13. Farmerassociations offer considerablepotential ln increasingagricultural productivity and rural household incomes by rapidly disseminating improved technology,and by creating farm related enterprisesthat can utilize excess household labor and, thereby, increasehousehold income. To date, most PAs have developed In a somewhat ad hoc manner, depending in large part on local leadership. While the CSTA has provided guidance and a general organizational framework under which FAs can develop, the STPAs lack the human and organizationalresources to providemuch assistancein helping farmers establish and operate their own FAs. While many extensionpersonnel belong to professional associationsunder the STAs, the extensionsystem itselfhas not played an active role in helping to organize FAs nor in using them to disseminatenew technology and train farmers.

14. It appears that FAs could facilitate the work of extension and be an importantmechanism to increase the technicaland managerialskills of farmers. Also, FAs can serve as an excellent feedback system to extension regarding the usefulnessof new technologiesand problemsthat need researchattention. If FAs can be developed throughoutthe country,this would be an importantstep forward in creating a demand driven extensionsystem. - 119 -

ANNEX 5 Page 4 of S IV. ProDosedActivitees

15. Under both the agrotechnlcalextension and livestockservices components of the AgriculturalSupport Services Project (ASSP), it is proposed that extensionbecome active in the developmentand use of FAs in technology dissemination,farmer training and enterprisedevelopment. To determinehow extensioncan best help developand supportFAs at the villageand township levels,it is proposedthat a threestep procedurebe followed.The firststep would involvea study of existingFAs in China to determinewhich types of FAs seem to be most effectivein carryingout differentobjectives. The secondstep would be to carefullyexamine farmer organizations in otherAsian countriesto determinehow extensionand farmerorganizations work togetherfor the benefit of farm households.Following a nationalworkshop (para. 20), the third step would be to developpilot projectsin 6 provinces,that would involvetraining crops and livestockextension personnel at the townshipand villagelevels, to enableextension to systematicallyorganize FAs to achieveparticular objectives based on localpreference. 16. These threemajor taskswill be organizedby the GeneralStation of Rural CooperativeEconomic Management (GSRCEM) in the Departmentof RuralCooperative Economyand $183,500has been allocatedfor theseproposed activities (the study of FAs in China has already been started in anticipationof retroactive financing). In carryingout these activities,the GSRCEM will collaborate directlywith the FarmerAssociation Specialists to be appointedin the new NationalAgrotechnical Extension Center (NATEC),as well as with counterpart personnelin the Departmentof AnimalHusbandry (DAH). Each of these planned activitiesare describedin WorkingPaper 1 and summarizedbelow. A. Study of FarmerAssociations in China 17. Immediatelyfollowing appraisal, the GSRCEMwas commissionedto carryout studiesof FAs in differentparts of the country. The provincesselected for these studieswill be among those that are participatingin the agrotechnical extensionand livestockcomponents of ASSP. Thesestudies will be geographically distributedacross the country,so thata representativeoverview of the current trends,status, and characteristicsof FAs can be determined.In addition,each study would examinesimilarities and differencesamong FAs, acrossdifferent livestock,cash, and food crop enterprises,as well as for other typesof FAs.

B. StudyTours of FarmerOr;anizations in SelectedAsian Countries 18. Followingthe workshop(para. 20), selectedindividuals from the national and provinciallevel, representing both livestockand crop extension,would be selectedto participatein one of two study toursin selectedAsian countries. These study tourswould focuson the role of FAs in technologytransfer, input supply, and marketing;also, they would examine the role of extensionin developingand supportingFAs. It is expectedthat crop and livestockextension personnel,from both the nationallevel and each participatingprovince, would participatein thesestudy tours. In addition,the fourprincipal investigators from the GSRCEM will participatein these study tours, sin_e they would eventuallybe responsiblefor developingtraining materials and assistingin trainingworkshops for provincialand lower levelextension personnel. - 120 -

Page 5 of 5 19. About 24 extensionspecialists would partiLipatein these study tours, therefore,it i8 suggestedthat theygo in two groupsof approximately12 persons each,plus interpreters.By breakingup intotwo groups,each groupwill be more manageableand they can go to differentcountries, thereby, increasing their coverageof differentFA experiences.Some possiblecountries that they might visit would includeJapan, Malaysia, and India. Followingthis study tour,a more formal set of policy guidelineswould be developedby the NATEC,with appropriate input from the participatingprovinces. Then, training materials would be developedand workshopsconducted for livestockand agrotechnical extensionpersonnel in the pilotproject areas. C. NationalWorkshop on FarmerAssociations: 20. After data collectionand analysishas been completed,the principal investigatorsin additionto FA specialistsfrom NATECand the DAH will conduct a fiveday workshopat theMOA. Participantsfor theworkshop would be officials from the Departmentof Agriculture(DOA), DAH, CSTA, as well as counterpart personnelfrom the provinciallevel. Duringthe firstday of the workshop,the four principalinvestigators would presenttheir findings,and discuss the currentstatus and trendsof FAs in their respectiveprovinces. During the secondday, the observationsand resultswill be discussedand summarizedin terms of what is applicablein China. The remainderof the workshopwill concentrateon developingpolicy and operationalguidelines that will be subsequentlytested through the pilotprojects to the furtherdevelopment of FAs acrossthe country. 21. Anotheroutcome of theNational Workshop would be the establishmentof an d hoc nationaladvisory committee on farmerassociations. This committeewould includerepresentatives from thenational CSTA, the DOA and DAH from the MOA, the State Council,and other governmentalagencies. This advisorycommittee would be establishedto give polieyguidance in implementingthe pilotprojects. It would be expectedto developguidelines and proceduresfor the systematic developmentof FAs in the pilot areas. It is assumedthat the principal investigatorsfrom the GSRCEM,as well as FA specialistsfrom the new NATECand the DAH wouldassist the committee in developingthese guidelines and procedures, and then assistin developingthe trainingmaterials and conductingthe training workshopsin selectedpilot projectareas. D. PilotProject to OrganizeFarmer Study Groups and Associations 22. Followingthe analysisof FAs in selectedprovinces and the study tourof farmerorganizations in Asia,and theNational Workshop, the detailsof the pilot project to directly involveextension in the organizationof FAs will be finalizedwith the help of the NationalAdvisory Committee. It is expectedthat this pilot project will use systematic procedures to organize FAs at the township and village level of selected counties in six participating provinces. It is expectedthat the types of FAs to be establishedin the six pllotproject sites may differsomewhat, therefore, different approaches may be needed. In most cases,however, the emphasiswill be on trainingthe extensionpersonnel at the county,township, and villagelevel to help get farmersinterested and organized into FAs that will be helpfulin achievingthere objectives. - 121 - ANNEX 6 Page 1 of 5

CHIN

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Computing Servicesand Management InformationSystems

A. InformationManagement Rexnonsibilities

Department of Agriculture

1. The InformationDivision of the national Department of Agriculture (DOA) was established in 1981. The divisionhas seven technical staff specializingin informationdistribution and feedback,and the management of the informationsystem. They normally only interactwith provincial level units, through whom they make contact down to county and township levels. The informationflow from the lower levels takes place through two sources--the regular flow of informationto the division is through the provincial and county administrationunits of the Bureau of Agricultureand the indirect flow of information is through the information units of the production divisions of agriculture at each level. The division estimates that the two sources provide equal shares of the agricultural information received at national level. They also estimate that staff involved in the informationcollection, aggregationand communicationtotal 195,300 at all levels, including80,000 locations,and with 380,000households providing household information.

2. The Information Divisions' reporting responsibilities are to the Director of the DOAwho decides what is to be brought to the attention of the appropriate Vice Minister (for policy action) or to the relevant department (if it is an operational matter). Information provided to the Director of DOA comprises regular reports on crop status and forecasts, and irregular reports on rural problems such as crop failures, inadequate material supply, lack of markets, etc. As informationtravels up from the lower levels of the system, decisionsmakers at each level can take action wherever necessary.

The Denartment of Animal Husbandry

3. The Department of Animal Husbandry (DAH) at the national level prepares proforma for distributionto provinces and through them to the counties. The counties collect these data and forward them to the provinces. Reporting from the counties and provinces takes place quarterly;meetings are held to discuss annual programs with representativesfrom the higher level. This general reporting covers livestockdisease, scope of veterinary activities,livestock health status and impact of drugs and medicines on disease. When there are outbreaks of disease of economic importancethese are reported immediatelyto the next higher level by telephonefor advice and appropriateaction. - 122 -

Page 2 of 5

The Ouarantine Service

4. The National Animal and Plant Quarantine Service (NAPQS) has its own Informationdivision with responsibilityfor collectingand storing data on:

a. The laws and regulationsof different countrieswith whom China trades animal and plant products.

b. Internationallyknown diseases and diseases recorded in China with data on the location,number of animals affected,etc.

c. Technical informationfor distributionto technicians.

5. The NAPQS has 115 microcomputersspread throughoutthe country in their quarantinestations. The service intends to link these decentralizedunits to the head office by installingadditional computer equipment,as specified below, in their headquarters. These plans to upgrade the informationsystems of the NAPQS will be supportedunder the project.

The InformationCenter

6. The InformationCenter was establishedin 1987 with the responsibility of developinga system which would "use the techniquesof computer,data communicationsand methods of systems engineeringto collect, process and transfer informationon agriculture,livestock and fisheriesand provide a basis for decision-makingat various levels of government'and supply "services for pre-production,during production,and post production.'

7. The InformationCenter has establisheda computer center in the MOA building equipped with hardware and softwareworth approximatelyUS$ 1 million. At present, the InformationCenter has 43 staff, including 3 senior engineers,10 engineersand 30 technicians.

B. Proposed Strategv hulysis

8. The MOA InformationCenter is one of the technicalagencies in the Ministry that has the resources to design and implementcomputer based systems and to provide associatedtraining and maintenanceassistance. The project will strengthencomputer services and management informationsystems for those departments in the MOA that are associatedwith the project. In addition, the InformationCenter will provide technicalassistance support and auxiliary services in the development,training and maintenanceof management informationsystems for those same agencies. _ 123 -

ANNEX 6 Page 3 of 5

Strategy

9. To meet the computing and MIS needs of the project, technical assistance,hardware, and software will be provided to the DAH, DOA, DEER, NAPQS, InformationCenter and other MOA agencies associatedwith the project. In addition, the training requirementsfor all project participantsin the use of micro-computers,as well as other computer oriented training needs, including the InformationCenter, will be determinedand provided by the project. Finally, an InformationWorking Committeehas been establishedto provide direction and guidance for all the computer related activities to be undertaken under this project. The member6hip includes representativesfrom the InformationCenter and the DOA, DAH, and NAPQS.

C. Present Comguter Resources

10. Present central computer resources include a minicomputer (DEC VAX 8250), a server (DEC VAX 3100) and a work station (MicroVAX II) which form a local area cluster in the InformationCenter (IC). There is also a PBX (CBX 8000 II) with 800 local extensions. There are 29 microcomputersand 85 professionalstaff members using, or qualified to use, computers in the existing central stations that will be reorganizedto make up the National Technical Extension Center (NATEC),the National AgrotechnicalService Center (NATSC),and the AdministrationCenter and in the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Center (AHVSC). The computingresources of National Animal and Plant Quarantine Service (NAPQS)were describedabove.

D. Systems AgDroach

11. The InformationWorking Group (chairedby the Chief Engineer in charge of the InformationCenter and consistingof all of the aforementioned organizationalcomponents) has been appointed and has developedan effective proposal in strengtheningcomputing and informationservices for the participatingagencies. Under this proposal, the assignmentof responsibilitieshas been set up an computing/informationsystems master plan, using a three tier concept, in which:

Tier 1--The Information Center is responsible for central hardware and software standard setting, for central database design, to provide "in house" technical assistance,and to set training standardsfor DOA, DAR, NAPQS. In addition, the IC would continue to serve as the data processor for MOA. Finally, the IC would set overall, general computing standards for "agriculturalinformation processing" at the province and lower levels.

Tier-2--The Computer Services Unit serving NATEC and NATSC would be responsiblefor administeringthe local area networks to be installed in support of these two unified agencies. This unit would assist in the installationof hardware and software for these two agencies,provide centralizedtraining services for general and statisticalsoftware, carry out systems diagnostics,monitor - 124 -

AMnE 6 Page 4 of 5

systems performance,and plan for future developmentof the NATEC/NATSC systems support.

TeL3- -The subordinateorganizational units in the NATEC and NATSC would use, develop, and analyze informationand data using microcomputers(and general and specializedsoftware) that will be connected to the 2 local area networks (LAN). All of these facilities, includinga fiber optic telephonesystem, will be located in the new NATSC headquartersbuilding to be provided by the project.

.12. In order to properly support the new organizationaldesigns for NATEC, NATSC, and Administration,as well as AHVSC and NAPQS, the InformationWorking Grouw'recommended the followingadditional computer resources. Key elements of the proposed enhancements to the informationsystems are shown Table 1. A detailed budget for enhancing the computing capacity of the InformationCenter is included in Table 2.

Table 1:

SUMMARY OF PROPOSED ADDITIONALCOMPUTER RESOURCES

_sgencx Comnuter Micros_ Telephone LAW lEn

IC VAX 6610/4200 1 work yes station

NATEC/NATSC & ADNIN 4200 65 700 lines* yes 1

AHVSC 4200 25 * yes 1

NAPQS 4200 10 VDT/ yes 4200 (2) 3 servers in two ports 10 micros

DEER 10 micros yes

* A new telephonesystem is to'be shared by these agencies. - 125 -

ANNEX 6 Page 5 of 5

Table 2:

COSTS OF ENHANCEHEWTSTO THE INFORMATION SYSTEM

ESTIMATEDBUDGET FOR THE MINISTRY INFORMATIONCENTER COMPUTEDSYSTEM

J -:. - : .3/^...tY... * Co-t*.:

Computer: add cluster node VAX 6610 1 228,000 RAM 64 MB 1 86,000 Disk controller KDM70 1 30,300 parallel interface CISCD 1 47,000 hard disk RA92 1 35,000 ..tape driver TU81..... 1 37,700 parallel disk controller HSC40 2 96,000 Workstation: _1 60,000 Software: 80,000 b__~~g AMICUURAL SuPw SEVIeS PUICT

KEn Uoultorina Indicators Agricultural Wananomentand Infotmatlon Sste

SiR 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1"S 1996 M96 Project input indlcators Unlt Target Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Pla_ned Actual lInormation lalnnin Adopt coneept do. Develop functional spee. doe. Contie infomatio mater planin rpt Plea database deVelopment rpt Ple infomatio processing OW&training rpt Annal update of Information system mseter plan doe. Eardware & Software Acauialtion linaljie snd i8sUe procurement document. 4oe. Prepare procurement decision matrix do¢. Prepare for plosed lnstallation dec. Prepar siltes for inetellation doe. Initiate Installation rpt Technical Aslsitan¢e & Tralnina I. Agriultural Info=aCtlon Selct consultants & Institutions dec./concracts functional Spec. Consultants doe.J (forei8n and local) contracts Information System Planning Consultants doe.J (forelgn & local) contracts Elm Database Consultants (foreSin & local) doc.1contracte Applications tralning contracts Operating system training contracts Database training contracts II. JnbutzlFnxrn Sele¢t consultents doe./coutnaet Senior Advisor (foreign) doe./contract Adivisor (local) dec. leonroot Project Management Specialist (forelgn) doe./coneract Maiagemeat Specialist (local) doe. IAoncact AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SIRVICES PROECT

Let MouItorinn Indicators

ARrotechnlcal Ustenon Centers

SAR I993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 Project lipt idicators Unit Target Planed Actual Pland Actual Planned Actual Planed Actual

OrVgenatnle & stats plane gm,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rpt Operation" _as els rpt facltielleorgni:aeipatt conpiet d n./dtqivt/dgem conetone " m laeilltle ompleted no.lIdate

Vidlequip I./eutracte signd pt Vidile,i dalwered no. Trag equip. CllJeontrctssigned apt Traig epp. pkga delavered no. Prsiting equip. ICcoitraetp ne apt Video eqaip. ICvered cesigedr Vido qip. deAvre no. lab equp. lcllcnrat es*i_ne rpt lab eqip. pkg* dallverd to. a Fpihinge--contacts signd rppt° Inniure deii,erod no. ueanBLU 8oet smE. nwT

WAXlloitornia Iniaentor. AnrotechaicalIxtenmion Centers

BAR 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 19m 1996 Projectinput iadicatore Uit Target Plannd Actual Plamed Actual PlannedActual Planed Actul

3uainEnd TrainIne Tning puma cawlet*d sptldate

N.s: dr erolled so. He.f d:88e empleted no. .S8c. dope. snolled no. U.S. degreecempleted n0. Poet-adte ca mleted o. Kxteimie diplom enllged .no. Itxtenan dlplomu completed no. 0 A4tic. ollegolld no. Agte. college empleted an. CAMt enrolle no. CAS emplated so. _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 0m

lAatrte¢ebucl Ixteasio ca"nta

SA 3993 1993 1994 1994 1995 3995 3195 1299 Project Licatog Ult* StgtTargt Plased Actmal Plead Actal Planned Actual Pla_nd Actual

ItuiCIIJI tlatsg ealpted . raelaN Adaptive e. complet .ed TecholAdM.training complted . Tab.lht. ttaimis comleted Labeeet.q traltn _1 cmpleted Cop ter ftrann.Ampted -w. Vdotratafte comleted lo. Kxeoi"a shart eage Completed s..

_-~.. s_ __4& Entm"." etady tek a2. 4dte ftteoiernerm bub.Asseos.tudy tome test a.dt"o.ldete 2othr Pt lstinnt ft study esutleetd pt NatAete rA sume date Pulot proJeet. en"aw s.. eatnet res. (ith IPA&SI/U aa.ltpp Cautreet ttahiin usa. a.. type I.g laetr Wltorla. lnducatore ApreotechiteolExstense,ou Contorn

IRa 1993 1993 1994 1994 199 399 1996 1996 systemporfocman lcadetoe unit Unit taget Pland Actual Planned Actual Plannd Actual Planed Actual hl.astiv tbee*care On-lam M trialeyT. (TIC) notp On-ftm CM1t:ialelyt. (CATSC) no.typ. pg"Si A^ctivitie On-f.m dmostretme . Isstur field daes vauet Mrainingeres Tamer *tudy groups sstebfhdlyr. .Ityp.

BOll amples ptocesed bT) ao. Uoiero-utrlant ample. ("TO) e.. Plant dlsepstie lab ample. no. Fertilizer s*mples (PATIC) De. l.stlelde ample. (PATIC) no. fadWMm tiet Aide PebItetiost sbulletin. leaflets no. cuplee Publlcqtlens ftet sheets oa./copies TrwaLg videos produced No./mlautes to-lervice Tralalne Curmses CeurseJsledhope .o./le.gthltypu Pattic. days of traiaialyr. no. othr 8ste s UtUts now IAs establisbdlyr. no.Itpe N progems eet,to.oaras ACRlcUL!RA SUfOT SUESc ?IJCT

1to UIiiteclnstndieatpre AiCotechol oteneten Coeotee

"a1 1993 1993 1994 1994 t995 199S 399 I99t Ptodtmctl licatere Unit Targot Planned Actal Pleaned Actual PlFaned ActuaL IPland Actal moet yi.l' ts Mhet pweutS tome vain yie net" to" glee ten. Olisee yild tis I Olseede peduetlen tone Cotte yield tibs Cotten proedctin to" Supa yield tiu : |Suga ptodttiia tee pIOjet iaew Indicators Uit ?Target Planned Actual Planed Actual Pland Actusl hued Actual

rgauisatiem *tft planu pt Opera:efue manUa I?

OeueguUete p fa,"iLtie completed m.dt

woice _eiotna w4Ft . I taMales lC61otvoen aigmed opt WebGIS.delivered nio. lab. equip. lClloettaet sis1 Mpt. Lab. equip deliver mn. pek feed praceselg *"it-.liC &pt. seed promsins euip. deli"eed me. a".

Shert-e.re ezteu e Deed testing eall e.\ Seed teetlg cempleted no. Seed pressing enrolled no. Seed proaleaeig omplted so. *eed v uctia entoUIbed us . S"d preeltia eampleted MD. Seed supply entale AD.d Beed supply completed w. -(w grs

1A 89 3 199 1994 1994 1"5 sIs19" Acuat Pleasd Actl lPoject espatiaiate. atin Tgast Flemed Actual Pleaed Aetuel Pleased

bLeisldloam eaqiletd mield

3.3..3.Ue. degree" eatedeDwelled as. me: 3.. sp. sea,,.U.d

.see. mtwpl me awl M *wh_3.3.. dnatal_sepi seqiseo. O"so as.io golity complted a..to qele .. er e.rlld . Qilt sdt_. _apee as. 3. 3.er.U. as tA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Seedear en.lecmpued. *O*ltd QUlateaeSsman.S a. *le good lpredausa tolled "ao.

Se pretag11ed comted so. eA8oeoeraialag nrolled s0. gA trtta mpleted 'as. cff

Iny fiMftor_R Indicator.

Oatput 1993 1994 1995 Indicators unit ptesent Planned 1996 Actul Planed Actua Pla-ed Actual Planed Actual pregroleat I_ndleatore seed eatexprice mt. entolUd no. quty contro enrolled no. Seed poceseln enroled no.

whet tos lies tone Cor tons Ollse.d. tons Cotton tons Sed roduced by See Co. _ tonsOD Ruce tons corn tOns Oilseeds tons Cotton tons Seed Sameiee -Tested ibeat no./kg Rui.ee no.1kg Con o.1kg OLLe"Sed no./kg Cotton no:Ikg sefil (technical & ) county go. ToWnhip no. Village no. AaRICULTURALSUPPOR' suRIvcis PROJECT TeY ionitorint Indicators Livestock and Quarantine Components

Project input indicators Unit taet YLanncPae a ctua± Planneal'ucruaj

Preurolect IdAicators Extension - Tra1ning courses no. type Diag. labs - Samples tested no. Itype - lane tvsits no. Itype aLty control Feed samples no. ltype rroducion - PIgs marketed no. Poultry marketed no. Rminants marketed no. organization DuiusN report Organization and staff plan report Operations manmal report ReorganiLation completed reportidate Civll Works Contract signed data Constructlon sq. a Facilities completed no. /dte

Vebleles ICalcontraets signed rt Veblelesdellee no.Mrate Lab. equlp. prow. ICBcntacts signed d te rt iLab.eupprow. delle no.ld-to date/report rlning equip prov. ICB delivered date/report oequlp. pro. ICa cotentracts psovn delivered no. darm xatle QC date/report National & qe cainter equip.no. /date delivered O dt BslnlAN" eqtlp. NaCB/c rBtet 8_gne date/report Rati0nal hEYSequlp. delivered no. /date

Fustsmnecttacsi*gned report Furnishings delivered no. date Xducatio--ad Tralina

Traing baxu oa enrolle no.d/date Trs4"4ng_ oDpleted rportidtetef In-service Education I! Postgraduate degree courses enrolled no. date Postgraduate degree courses completed no. /date Livestock and Ouarantine Components (cont'd)

Project input indicators SAR 9319 9519 Unlt target piannec tual EliaoneoACuaJ rlfleG ActuaL Varnea Actual la-service Train4ina Livestock extension completed no. /date Extension ethodolog complated no. Idte Disease investigation completed no. /date Cie rstems *t,empleted no. /date husb. completed no. date Peed quality control completed no./Idste Vet. jpberm. quality control completed no. date Peed mill QC staff trasnina completed no. tste Vet. drug QO treinin eted no. Idat Audio-visual training completed no. tdate CASh trai tingcmApleted mo. tdate

St hboursDtechnical complete Dno. at PAstudy tour completed no. Iate Technicral attaciments completed no. Idate Potgralduate trainingS enrolled no. Idate Postgrad te training completed no. Idate Adentive Research On-fam. tria"ls r n4:o./t p Integrated cropk,a.vestock produtio no. A

On-fare dem trati no:. type lawor trainin ouses no typ lamer field days no.Ltype lazmr study group So.type

no.-tye Samples referred to other labs no. type la*m visits made no. typ 1l.1tdisease investigatios made no. type OtberIndlcatoss NAW lab diagnoses wad no. ved sample rejections no. NWl Vet. Lob daguosne andreferrals typelreport Livestock Production Indicator EA?QSanldallplant rejections - quarter Y mrai nocause Livestocklpoultry MOlti der tcu Llvestock ty disease Incideuce no.:t Plgpotu 10n/asted no. ce Poulttyproduc lo mearketd4no. price Small ruminant t productt ma_rketed no. price Large ruminant productionlmarketed no. price Cfftu~~~~~~~~~~~~

AOIICILTIULSUPT SEMIC PROJICT

o Vo ori Iniaorg livotok amonent

199M 1994 1995 19 output indiator. unit Preget Plaeneed Ata lzd PlannedAta Actual Planned pewActual

so"-awmal reection. (pleat) I gemi-anumal .oj..tia.. (animia) I

To" qualty rejected 2 Veteclmiryalab repolrt feedback nko. Veatewiuezdreg rejection. I YbOsley YWAcIfl d0co. Prodced Oni.

Labortatoy speeiuma procsed so. piglet emorality2 ,8ct mortlty I Cal mortality n 8cez~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I an prodactiom of layers so. hpi per a arketed no.0 Artificil Inemnstion . AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Rev MonitorStn Indicator.

WomenIn Develokaent

SAR 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 Unit Target Planed Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual

Atrotechnical iteneion In-service education No. In-service training No. International training go. staff recruitment No.

Seeds In-service education No. In-service training No. International training No. Staff recruitment No.

Livestock and Ouarantine In-service education No. In-service training No. International tratining No. 0 Staff recruitment No. Is' - 139 - ANNE Page 1 of 4 CHINA

AGRICVIIURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

SunervisionPlan

The Agricultural Support Services Project (ASSP) will support production of food grains, oil crops, cotton and livestock through improvementof the agricultural support services which cater to the needs of the farmers-- agriculturalextension, applied research,animal production,veterinary services, regulatoryservices, and management services. In order to ensure smooth implementationof the project, the Project Management Office (PMO) has set up a project supervision,monitoring, and evaluation procedure within the overall project management system. The PNO will supervisethe project periodicallybased on the needs of the project. The proposed work plan is as follows:

Aasic objective of the sunervisionwork

1. Overall supervisionwill review ey monitoring indicatorsof major components in order to assess progre. achieved, sum up experiences,identify problems and suggest solutions.

2. Another objective of supervisionis to monitor the technicalaspects of project implementation. In accordancewith progress of project implementation,the PMO will assist project units to complete their key project tasks on schedule.

4. Supervisionis also needed in resolvingmajor problems, and to facilitate cooperationamong the ministries,Bank and project units at all levels, in order to ensure smooth project implementation.

Kae content of suDervision

5. When the project becomes effective,the central PMO will, together with the Bank organize a launch workshop for key project staff covering the areas of supervisionplanning, procurement, finance, monitoring,evaluation and audit, in order to carry out the project implementationsmoothly.

6. During the project implementationperiod, overall supervisionfor the project will be undertaken according to the requirementsspecified in the credit agreement, appraisalreport, local approved feasibilitystudy report, and design of the project. The scope of the supervisionwill include all project components,and problems identifiedshould be reviewed and analyzed.

7. When the project implementationreaches about the midway point, it may be necessary to adjust the project plans and make necessary adjustmentsbased on the findings of the midterm review.

8. Requirementsfor preparing the project completion report, summation of project experiences,and evaluationof project implementation would be initiated towards the end of the project completion date. 140 - Page 2 of 4 Pgggsed method for gsaervision: 9. The Leading Group of ASSP and the central P1O will be responcible for projectsupervision and organizingthe PIUs (crops, seeds, livestock, quarantine),and PMOs at the variouslevels (provincial, uunicipal/prefectural, county) to participate in this work. The centralPMO will undertake independent supervision or jointly with the Bank. The supervision team would invite the staff from the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and other relevant organizations concerned to participate in the supervision. 10. Supervision would generally be carried out twice a year. Frequency would be increasedor reducedaccording to the requirementsof the project.

11. Prior to the start of each supervision, the central PMO would prepare detailsof the supervisionplan--schedule, location, team composition,and main supervisionobjectives. The PNOs at all levelswould prepareprogress reportsand supportingdocuments covering all aspectsof project Implementation(physical, flnancial, disbursment, procurement, etc,). At the same time projectstaff would also completedata and informationrequired for monitoring and evaluationb-sed on formatagreed with the Bank. Each provincialPMO would consolidateall reports(Chinese and English),relevant forms,charts, etc., threeweeks beforethe scheduledsupervision and submit them to the centralPO.

12. The supervisionwork would generallyconform to the following guidelines--briefingsby provincial project staff on progressof project, visit to selectedproject sites, discussion and resolutionof projectissues, farmerinterviews, holding seminars, analyzing information/data collected by the projectmonitoring and evaluation. 13. Projectissues/major problems should be broughtto the attentionof the provincialand centralPMOs as earlyas possible,and the Bank shouldbe consultedregarding resolution of the issues/major problems. The central PMO together with the provincialPMO will be responsiblefor ensuringthat recommendedcorrective action is takenby the concernedunit. Recommended actionsshould be followedup by the next supervisionmission. 14. The supervisionteams have the right to reviewthe accountsand receiptsof PROs at all levels,and all projectorganizations are expectedto give full cooperationand supportto the supervisionmission. 15. Duringthe reviewof progressof projectworks in six of the project provinces,key projectstaff from the othersix provinces will be invited to join in the supervisionactivities. This would enablethe staffto benefit from the free exchangeof Ideas/experiencesin projectimplementation, and avoid repetitionof mistakesin the executionof the project.

16. On completionof the supervisionwork, the supervisionteam will prepare a full project supervision report. The first part of the report briefly describes: (a) project's development objectives, and (b) its main components. This is followed by an implementation summary on the progress/performance of: physical works, investment,procurement, training and technical assistance, studies, project management, availability of funds, audits and accounts, actions previously recommended/agreed, actions taken, current project status and major problems, and further actlons recommended to -141- Page 3 of 4 be taken. The secondpart of the reportwould include:detailed account of projectexecution supported by tablesfor key monitoringindicators, training and technicalassistance, and procurement,The supervisionreports would be submittedto MOA. The centralPMO would consolidatedthe provincialreports and summarize the main findingsprior to forwardingit to the Bank. 17. During the projectimplementation period, it may be necessaryto adjust the averageunit cost, percentage of disbursement,procurement plan, and reallocationof IDA credit. The centralPMO would undertakea carefulreview beforemaking recommendations to the Bank. For major adjustmentsthe central PMO shouldfirst consult IDA on the actionto be taken.

The organization of supervision work: 18. The supervision work will be carried out by project management units at all levels with the Bank joining the supervision at least once a year. 19. The supervision work will be organized by the PRO, with the active participation of the PIUs. PIUs will supervise project implementation of provinces, and in turn the PPMOswill be responsible for lower level supervision.

20. The PMOsat all levels will make necessary preparation for supervision according to the guidelines provided by the supervision teams. In addition to the assessing the items listedin the key monitoringindicators (including those for the monitoringand evaluationsystems), special issues should also be highlighted.The planningfor mid-termreview will be organizedby the central PRO. 21. Each PMO would be responsiblefor advisingthe lowerlevel PROs regarding the prepax-ation work needed for supervision.This would providea line of communicationand enableproblems to be solvedin a timelymanner. Provincialand municipalPMOs will undertakesupervision work withintheir own provincesand make frequent.visits to projectsites to check on the progress of the project. Important problems which require consultation with higher level PMOs shouldbe channeledthrough each appropriatelevel, in order to resolveproblems in a timelymanner. 22. The supervisionwork wouldbe carriedout by the existingmanagement systemand where necessarydraw on the experiencedstaff of the technical sectors. This appliesalso to planningand implementingthe monitoringand evaluationwork for the project. Proposed dates, activity, expected skill requirement and staff input for supervision are shown in the tablebelow. - 142 - Page 4 of 4

The schedule for supervision work:

rposed Imacted Skill Staff boput Dotes Activity Requlremmt (staff-meek) aotyr)

0319 Proset Launch _SrAho ProureAnt, Financial Rewier procureent, Mangemet. K & I End ftatcial ianaemet, Auditing Specialists. roporting, M & S. Nd auditing.

10193 Sunervision Mission Agriculturalist, goonamist 12 Two supervLaton team Livestock Specalistt will visit six provinces Veterinarian, snageeet/ to revieV crops, livestock Infomaton and TratitnS regulatory, -nstemntl Specialists. Information services, *ad M S E baseline survys.

04194 SUVOU&SiVonMisOn Ecenomist, lxtenionlApplied 10 Two supervision teams Research Specalist, Seed vill visit the other siX Specialist, Anima1/Plant provinces to review Quarantine Specialist. extension, applied research, and 3PM program, t seeds end animlplaant quarantine services.

11194 Sunervision Mission Agriculturalist, Livestock s0 Two supervision teams vwll SpeLalistIVaterlarian, revlew progress of six Management lulormatton provinces supervlsed In Specialist, TrainIng October 1993, special Specialist. attention will be given to livestock, managementl information services, and veterinary epidemiology program.

08195 Sunervsilon Mission Eonomist, Livestock Spec 8 Two supervision teas AgroheMicall/Feed Quality vill sriew progress of Specialist. of asrochemicals and feed quality control labs., and SPF faoility in relevant Provinces. and SPF facility.

05196 Sumeris ion Mission Economist, Agriculturalist, 15 Review teasm (one each Livestock Specialist, Seed for the major cemponents) Specialist, Anisal/Plant will be organised to carry Quaratine Specialist. out mid-ter review and agree on changes and follow up actions.

1997- Supervision Mission To be determined according 1999 Based on needs of project to the needs of project. but at least oan supervsn. /year, last mission to dlscuss PCR with borrower.

Notes Central and provincial PHOWI1PUswill jointly carry out the supervLsions. here feasible *sme of the IDA and local supervisions may be combined. - 143 -

Page 1 of 3 CHI AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT CommercializedAgricultural Services: A Pilot Projectfor Cost Recoveryof ATEC Services

1. There are alternativemeans of shiftingthe cost of extension servicesto farmers,including (1) directfee for service,(2) contract extension,and (3) addingthe cost of advisoryservices to the cost of purchasedinputs. The firstalternative is generallyimpractical for small farm agriculture,due to size of operationsand abilityto pay. However,this approachis beginningto be used in some specialized,large scale,commercial productionenterprises in China. For example,some specializedhouseholds are organizinginto farmerassociations (i.e. cattle fattening and watermelon associations)where part or full time technicalspecialists are being directly employedto adviseon productionpractices and to solve technicalproblems. 2. Contractextension, as discussedin the WorkingPaper on AgrotechnicalExtension (in projectfiles), appears on the surfaceto be an effectivemeans of increasingproductivity and production,creating agent motivation(extension receives 20S of revenuegenerated from productionabove the target,of which 50% goes to the extensionpersonnel) and recoveringpart of extension'srecurrent costs (i.e.the other50%). Howeverunder closer examination,contract extension is largelya means of rationingscarce productioninputs (especially high qualitypesticides and fertilizer)to those farmerswho agree to an extensioncontract. As noted in the WorkingPaper, many farmersrepeat the same contract,year afteryear withoutmodification, u8gestinglittle technology transfer vaiue after the first year. Therefore, this methodof recoveringpart of extension'soperational costs will only be functionalwhile high qualityproduction inputs are in short supply(note: qualitycontrol of fertilizerand pesticidesis being addressedunder ASSP). In addition,a negativeaspect of contractextension is that extension personneltend to concentrateon the "contractfarmers", while largely ignoringthe non-contractfarmers (the vast majority). Also, under this system,contract farmers have limitedmanagerial control over theirproduction decisions,especially where they agreeto a full packagecontract.

3. The most commonmethod of cost recoveryfor specifictechnical advisoryservices in China (and in the privatesector elsewhere) is to include the cost of these servicesin the purchaseprice of productioninputs (e.g. fertilizer,agro-chemicals and other inputssold throughTATES). Therefore, the cost of technicaladvisory services to farmerscan be recoveredeither througha small "mark-up"on the cost of a purchasedinput (e.g.vaccinations and artificialinsemination services in the case of livestock)or throughthe differencebetween the wholesaleand retailprice of purchasedinputs, in the case of fertilizerand pesticides.While this methodalready works reasonably well in thoseTATES that are directedby a competentmanager, it is less applicableat the countyand higherlevel of the ATEC systemwhere extension cannotand shouldnot sell inputsdirectly to farmers(or only on a very modestscale). - 144

ANNEX 9 Page 2 of 3

4. If the ATEC system were more centrally funded (i.e. if more operationalcosts were coming from the provincialor prefectural level), then these upper levels of the system might be able to command a certain percentage of the profits generatedby expanded commercialactivities at the township or retail level. However, since each level of governmentprovides most of the recurrent funding for extension operationsat each respectivelevel, and since TATES buy most of their inputs directly from wholesalers,these upper levels of the ATEC system are effectivelyexcluded from this potential source of operating funds. Furthermore,since nearly all of the direct, face to fas.;e, farmer training and extensionwork gets done at the township and village levels, it is importantthat TATES have full access to these operatingfunds so they can expand and maintain an effectivefield extensionprogram.

5. One serious factor that must be considered,by tieing the cost of advisory services directly to the sale of productioninputs, is the potential conflict of interest that may be created between the extensionmessage as a "public good" and the need to increase sales and profits from these commercial activities. For example, the promotion of pesticidesby TATES to increase extension'sprofits could be in direct conflictwith integratedpest management (IPM) approaches to plant protection. This conflict of interest may already be distorting the plant protectionmeasures being recommendedto farmers; the result may be negative environmentaland safety consequences,as well as increasedproduction costs.

6. Fertilizer is in short supply throughoutmuch of China and, in general, fertilizer is not blended, packaged, and sold to farmers in combinationsthat are appropriatefor specificcrops or that are based on adaptive research findings. The provision of correctly formulatedcompound fertilizerappears to be one area where CATECs could successfullyengage in a commercial activity,without encounteringa serious conflict of interest with the technologybeing recommended. Actually, such an activity could be complementaryto extension'smessage and, at the same time, provide a very useful service to farmers. In the process, extensioncould generate a significantpart of their recurrent operatingbudget from the profits of this commercial activity. In general, CATECs should not get directly involved in retailing fertilizer,but should function as a wholesale supplier of compound fertilizer to the TATES. Such a commercialoperation could help both the CATEC and the TATES generate more operatingfunds to support expanded adaptive research and demonstrationprograms and, at the same time, provide farmers with a correctly formulatedproduction input that would increase their productivityand profits.

Pilot Project:

7. Approximately26 CATECs will obtain loans from the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) to establish or expand fertilizerblending plants and ther. to operate them as independentcommercial activities. These plants will produce compound fertilizer formulatedto meet the requirementsof specific commoditiesgrown in each county, based on-farm research results. The primary objective of this pilot project will be to generate recurrent funds to supplement the annual program budget of participatingCATECs. The project - 145 -

A=9 Page 3 of 3 value of $ provide a limited amount of elemental fertilizer, up to a will thesecommercialized 36,700 or Y 200,000/CATEC,as an incentive to pursue agricultural services (CAS) and to create a revolving fund. CATECswould be expected to agree that they would (1) largely 8. fund their products through TATES, (2) use the net profit to help wholesale and other theirdirect operating costs, (3) formulatecompound fertilizer on the needs of specificcrops in the differentagro-ecological inputsbased keep county as determined through on-farm adaptive research, (4) zones of the adaptive the managementof this commercial operation separate from on-going and extensionactivities, and (5) limit the size (not exceeding research directcompetition 10,000t/year) of the fertilizermixing operation to avoid with the Supplyand MarketingCorporation (SMC). was agreedthat the PNO would contactthe Chemical Industry to 9. It plantsor it the technicaland equipmentspecifications for blending obtain to have appropriate will arrangefor localTA, throughthe ChemicalIndustry, developed.All participatingCATECs will be requiredto engineeringplans control plans and specifications,and to follownational quality followthese allocatedto the UAS standardsand precedures.In addition,resources will be NATEC to undertakean evaluation of thls pilot unit in the reorganized publication If successful,then this unit will producean extension project. neededto that,willspecify all of the essentialdetails and procedures establishthis type of CAS activityin otherCATECs. - 146 - AN=_ 1Q Page 1 of 24

AGRICULTURALSVPPORT SERVICES PROJECT Termsof Reference

ExtensionOrganization and ManagementSpecialist (EONS)

JLSation:Beijing, but with most time to be spentin the firstprovince to be reorganizedunder the project.

Duration: 8 personmonths, with about6 personmonths (pm)being required in year one (dividedbetween 3 differentassignments), and with an additionaltwo monthsbeing scheduledduring years two and threeof the projectfor follow-up work. Note: the localEONS consultantwould be neededfor 12 pm in year one to completethis assignmentand then the localEOMS shouldbe availablefor at least two monthsduring each of the followingthree years to provide necessary back-upsupport in completingthe O&M relatedtasks associated with this assignment.

Oualifications:The foreignEOMS consultantshould have a PhD degreeor its equivalentin agriculturalextension or a relatedfield, and have extensive experiencein the organizationand managementof agriculturalextension systems. The consultantshould have at leastten yearsof experienceworking in nationalor provincialextension organizations, preferably with some experiencein Asia.

Duties: The foreignEOMS, in collaboration with his/her local counterpart, wouldbe expectedto carryout severaltasks as part of tilis TA assignmentto assistwith the reorganizationof the ProvincialAgrotechnical Extension Center (PATEC),Municipal Agrotechnical Extension Centers (MATECs), County AgrotechnicalExtension Centers (CATECs) and TownshipAgrotechnical Extension Stations(TATES) in each of the ten participatingprovinces. These duties will include:(1) specifyingthe majorfunctions and tasksto be completedat each levelof the AgrotechnicalExtension Center (ATEC) system; (2) finalizing the organizationalstructure for each systemlevel, including the formal linkagesthat will integratethe functionsand activitiesbetween the differentlevels of the ATEC system,and with the researchinstitutes, agriculturalcolleges and/or universities, the CABTS,and with farmersand theirfarmer associations; and then to (3) developdetailed job descriptions for all major categoriesof professional,technical, and administrative personnelat each levelin the system.

The secondmajor TA task wouldbe to preparean operationsmanual for each levelof the ATEC system,from the nationalto the townshiplevel, that would describehow each operationalunit wouldfunction and relateto the otherunits in the system. Thesefive manualswill outlinethe basic operationalprocedures to be followedat each systemlevel. They will be used by each extensiondirector and his/hersenior management staff as they initiateoperations under the new organizationalarrangements. These organizationand managementtasks would be completedthrough three different missionsin year one, separatedby about3-4 months. Two 1 monthfollow-up missionsare scheduledin years two and threeof the projectto solveany problemsthat may arisein implementingthis ATEC systemreorganization. - 147 - Page 2 of 24

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

ResearchOreanization and Manageent Snecialist(ROMS)

Location: Beijing,but with most tinreto be spent in the first two provinces to be reorganizedunder the project.

Duration: 4 personmonths (pm) for the foreignROMS (dividedinto two assignmentsand with about 5 weeks of work in his/herhome office). The local ROMS would be neededfor 12 pm duringyear one and for about two additional monthsduring the secondand thirdyears of the project.

Oualifigations: The foreign consultantshould have a PhD degree or its equivalentin agronomyor a relatedfield, and have extensiveexperience in the organizationand managementof on-farmadaptive research and/or farming systemsrosearch/extension(FSR/E). The foreignconsultant should have at least ten years of experiencecarrying out this type of researchor in directingthis type of on-farmadaptive research program, preferably with some experiencein Asia. The local ROMS shouldhave a similarbackground, with not less than an M.Sc. degreein agronomyor a relatedfield and with some experiencein conductingor managingon-farm adaptive research. Duties:The foreignROXS will be expectedto assistin carryingout the same basic tasks,as identifiedin the termsof reference(TOR) for the EOMS, to help reorganizethe ATEC systemduring year one of the project.During this assignment,the foreign(and local)ROMS, working with the foreignEOMS and ATS, and their local counterparts,will initiatethe reorganizationwork in the first province. The ROMS will be expectedto give close attentionto the adaptiveresearch and testingfunctions of the reorganizedATEC systemand will be responsible for writing the job descriptions for the subject matter specialist (SES) and other technical positions in the agro-technical and testingunits. Also, the ROMS will be expectedto assistthe ATS in identifyingthe specificadaptive research skills and techniquesthat the variouscategories of SMSs will requireto carry out their farmingsystems research(FSR) or crop managementresearch (CMR) programs, as well as the testingprocedures that differentlaboratory specialists/technicians will require. This assignmentis expectedto take approximately8 weeks to complete.

Duringthe secondassignment, five operationsmanuals will be prepared for each level of the ATEC system. The ROMS would be expectedto preparea detailedoutline and draft of those sectionsof the operationsmanual that deal with the technicaland testingunits of the ATEC system. This task will requireanother 2 monthsto complete,including a secondtrip to China to conductworkshops on the use of theseoperations manuals. - 148 -

Page 3 of 24

AGRICULTUtALSUPPORT EESRVCES PROJECT Terms of Reference

AgriculturalTrainingf Specialist (ATSI

Location:Beijing. but with most time to be spent in the firstprovince to be reorganizedunder the project.

Duration:3 pm for the foreignATS (dividedinto two assignments),and 12 pm for the localATS duringyear one, with an additional3 pm/yearin years two, three and four of the project.

Oualifications:The foreign consultantshould have a PhD degree or its equivalentin agriculturaleducation or a relatedfield, and have extensive experiencein designing,organizing anC conductingin-service training programsfor agriculturalextension and/or adaptive research personnel. The foreignconsultant should be familiarwith the basic dutiesof extension personnel,including both fieldand managementpositions, as well as the responsibilitiesof subjectmatter specialists (SMSs) in adaptiveresearch and (laboratory)testing positions. The localATS shouldhave at least an M.Sc. degreein agriculturaland extensioneducation, and, ideally,might be the (potential)training coordinator for the projectrelated training that would be conductedat BeijingAgricultural University (BAU).

Duties: The foreignATS will be expectedto work with his/herlocal ATS counterpartto carry out two major assignmentsduring the initialphase of this TA assignment.The firsttask will be to conducta "skillgap analysis' for all major categoriesof personnelin one provincialATEC system. The outputof this skillgap analysisor needs assessmentwould be a list of job relatedskills and competencies(i.e. the skillgaps or deficiencies),for each categoryof personnel,that wouldneed to be developedor strengthened throughdifferent types of in-serviceeducation programs and trainingcourses. Then, this informationwould be used by the ATS team in developingan overall trainingplan for that model province. This plan would includethe total numbersand type of ATEC staffto be trainedfrom each projectunit, plus an inventoryof the differenttypes of traininginputs (i.e. degree programs, short course,etc.) that wouldbe required.Also, a generalschedule or outlinewould be includedto show how theseprograms or coursesshould be sequenced.

Next, the localATS would work with the PATEC trainingspecialists in the othernine provincesto carry out similarskill gap analysesin their systems. Once each provincehas developeda drafttraining plan, then the foreignATS would returnfor approximatelyone month to reviewthese provincialplans and then to aggregatethese plans in the processof developingan overalltraining plan for the entireproject. - 149 - &JU- Page 4 of 24 aIm AM2IULTJA SPOTSERVICdEg MROEC

Tenms Id Refesiren

Xn*tltuti Ia OgEnisAation Sneeial4t"

1. During Bank appraisal of the Agricultural Support Services Project, proposals were introduced for the reorganization of the existing central and provincial animal husbandry civic service system. This reorganization could impacton the implementatiou of ASSP activities. and could also serve to complement planned ASSP service activities. The opportunity has therefore availed Itself to undertake an organizational review to assist the Department of Animal Husbandry in its efforts to reorganize, and to provide reorganizational guidance to provincial/municipal Bureaus of Animal Husbandry. The review would be an external one, undertaken by internationally recruited specialists with knowledge of the Chinese livestock services system, in collaboration with a local counterpart with similar expertise. 2 The -Terrn of Reference for the position of Institutional Organization Specialist apply to both the inter-nationally and locally corsultant:

Locatign: The field study would cover 8 working days each in the provinces of Henan and Heilongj iang, followed by I working month in Beij ing.

2MX&~tgn: The entire study would take a maximum of 8 weeks; 2 weeks field travel, 4 weeks in Beijing; and 2 weeks for report writing at home base. flIifni cafions: The candidate would have received post-graduate training and proven experience in civil service organization, with special emphasis on personnel management, skills gap evaluation, and the determination of functional and objectives-oriented task allocation in agricultural institutions. The candidate would have carried out similar organizational work in China. Knowledge of agricultural organizations, and specifically of livestock services infrastructure, would be an asset. The candidate would be fluent In the spoken and written English; the Chinese counterpart candidate would also be well versed in spoken and written English and Chinese, and in translating one language into another. Duies.: The consultant would develop, based on visits to sub-provincial, provincial and central animal husbandry infrastructure levels, a model for the functional reorganization of the system, in line with government objectives (ie. emphasis on more services and less administration). He/she will collaborate with the Livestock Services Organization and Management Specialist in developing and completing the Review. The consultant will specifically: i. Review existiny baseline inoUzmation prepared by the study provinces and the central government, - 150 - A 0 Page 5 of 24

{i. Evaluatethe human resourcebase at all administrativelevels in terms of: existing(present situation) and required(post- reorganization)resources, including work unit objectives;number of staff;staff qualifications; administrative and field programs, iLL. Determineexisting and requiredlines of communicationbetween the administrativelevels to promotethe effectiveaessof service delivery and made recommendationsfor further improvement, iv. Evaluatethe major nhynicalresources at hand at each level,and those required under reorganization, in terms of: major office and communications equipment, administrative and servicesupport and make recommendationsfor furtherimprovement,

V. Evaluate the functional infrastructure required under reorganization, in line with promulgated service improvement at all levels, such as the potential for cost recovery for livestock services, vi Preparea new organizationalmodel with outlinesof job descri1ti2n1based on the four main infrastructure groups: administration, animal production, animal health, and support services. - 151 - AM1 Page 6 of 24 CHIN

AIRICULTUrALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Roference

Livestock OrganizationAnd Management Snecialist

ntroduction.

1. During Bank appraisalof the AgriculturalSupport Services Project, proposals were introducedfor the reorganizationof the existing central and provincial animal husbandry civic service system. This reorganizationcould impact on the implementationof ASSP activities,and could also serve to complement planned ASSP service activities. The opportunitytherefore has availed itself to undertake an organizationalreview to assist the Department of Animal Husbandry in its efforts to reorganize,and to provide reorganizational guidance to provincial/municipal Bureaus of Animal Husbandry. The review would be an external one, undertaken by internationally recruited specialists with knowledge of the Chinese livestock services system, in collaboration with a counterpart consultant with similar expertise.

2. The Terms of Reference for the position of Institutional Organization Specialist apply to both the internationally and locally recruited consultant:

Locatin: The review study would cover 16 working days in the provinces of Henan and Heiloagjiang, and 1 working month in Beijing.

Duratin: The entire study would take a maximum of 8 weeks; 2 weeks field travel, 4 weeks in Beijing; and 2 weeks for report writing at home base.

Oualifications: The foreign consultant should have a post graduate degreein animal science, and have extensiveexperience in all aspects of livestock organizationand management. The consultant should have at least ten years of experience working in national or provincial livestock service system, preferably with some experience in Asia. The candidatewould be fluent in the spoken and written English; the Chinese counterpartcandidate would also be well versed in spoken and written English and Chinese, and in translatingone language into another.

Taiks: The consultant will, together with his/her Chinese counterpart, i. Review with InstitutionalOrganization Specialist the exixting base line information prepared by the provinces and central government,

ii. Identify the existing livestock services infrastructureat all provincial levels and at the central governmentlevel, including existing Divisions, Departmentsand Offices, and livestock services programs for administrative,animal production and animal health, and support services, - 152- AMEXC 10 Page 7 of 24 iii. Determine,together with the Institutional Organization Specialists,the functionalsts and lob a1ifleations necessaryto activatea reorganizedlivestock services infrastructureat all levels, iv. Develop,in line with governmentobjectives toward a more service- responsive system, proposals for a xrgaLzaLd .n stractare under which animal production, animal health, administration and supportservices are representedin an *Xriat {&La.balance, v. Assist the InstitutionalOrganization Specialists in preparing outlinesfor the ,Mooed new job fntions and lob descrtntions, vi. Preparea reviewLXart withinthe allottedtime, outlining proposalsfor the reorganizationif the animalhusbandry services system. - 153 - ANEEX 10 Page 8 of 24

CHIN AGRICULTUIALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT Terms of Reference

AgriculturalCommunications Sgecialist (ACS)

Locatio: Beijing,but some time would be spent in the participatingprovinces conductingtraining courses and follow-upworkshops.

Durati : The consultant would be needed for two pm in year two of the project (after the video equipmenthas been installed),and for one pm in year three, approximatelyone year after the initialtraining course. A localvideo specialistwould work with the consultantin carryingout the different workshops in two or three selected locations throughout the country.

Oualifications: The consultant should have at least a Masters degree or its equivalent in agriculturalcommunications, and have extensiveand up-to-date experiencein producing"educational" videos for use in agriculturaltraining coursesand/or distance education. The consultantwould be assistedby a localvideo specialist,possibly someone from the AgriculturalFilm Studioor the CentralAgricultural Broadcast and TelevisionSchool (CABTS). Duties:The ACS would be expectedto carryout two major activitiesunder this assignment.First, the ACS would conductthree, intensive two week workshops for the 15 video productionteams that -illbe establishunder this project. This trainingwould not occuruntil after all of the necessaryvideo equipment has arrivedand been installed.Each trainingcourse would involvefive teams or 15 people/courseto give maximumopportunity for "handson" instruction. It is assumedthat all of the electronictechnicians hired for thesevideo teams will alreadybe knowledgeableabout and skilledin the use of video productionequipment, including editing procedures. The goal of this training input is to concentrateon developingeducational videos for use in extension staff developmentprograms. One year followingthe initialtraining course, the ACS would returnto conductthree, one-week workshops with each groupof video productionteams. Duringthese workshops, each team would present3 or 4 of theirbest videos for peer reviewby theircolleagues. The ACS would participatein this review process,making specific suggestions as to how each of the videoscould be improved. In addition,advanced video productionskills would be taught. - 154 - a=1 Page 9 of 24

CIA

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

Senior Advisor

Location and Duration

Beijing with occasionalfield travel; 18 months over 6 years (year 1: 2 months beginning of year, 1 month end of year; year 2: 1 month at middle of year, 2 months at end of year; home office support : 1 month over life of project; years 3-6: to be scheduledaccording to project needs). A Senior Advisory Group (SAG) staffed by advisors (24 pm of local consultants)will provide support to the Director of the PMO and the Senior Advisor.

Ouslificationsand Experience

The Senior Advisor would have a post graduate degree in public administrationor business managementor equivalent and at least 10 years senior experience with project management or management consulting with knowledge or familiarity of agricultural institutions. Asian experiencewould be desirable. Knowledge and experiencewith management informationsystems and computer hardware and softwarewould also be desirable.

ResRonsibilities

The Senior Advisor would be a member of a Senior Advisory Group that would report to the Director of the central PMO. The Group would provide broad policy advice, assist with implementationproblems of the Agricultural Support Services Project (ASSP),provide advice for the design of necessary internal systems, and provide guidance in the management aspects of the ASSP. As part of his initial duties, the Senior Advisor would provide assistance in the design and installationof the project monitoring system. Specifically, the Senior Advisor would have the followingresponsibilities:

1. Assist in the preparationand installationof the project monitoring system.

2. Assist the PMO in project implementationand the solving of implementationproblems.

3. Provide guidance in solving technical assistance program problems.

4. Assist the design and training teams in implementing their programs and preparingnecessary program modifications.

5. Conduct training courses and workshops for the PMO, the PIU's and the provincialorganizations in project management,problem solving and in other areas as the needs become apparent. - 155 - AMM-z:10 Page 10 of 24 6. Provide guidance in organizing and managing teams of local consultants that ar employed by the ASSP. 7. Organlize and assist In the management of the project supervision requirements of the Bank. 8. Assist in organizing and establishing a project preparation organization for the MOA. - 156 - A= 1 Page 11 of 24

CHXNA

AGRIMULTURLMSUPPORT SERVIESs PROJECT

Terms of Reference

Prolect Manafement SDecialist (PHS)

Locatign ad DuAtion

Beijing with occasional field visits; 2 months year 1. Local consultantswill assist the PMS; 4 months year 1, 1 month year 2.

Cualificationsand Experience

The PMS would have a post-graduatedegree in Information Systems/DecisionSciences, or Business Administrationor Agricultural Economics (supplementedwith information systems training) and at least 10 years experience in project preparation, or project implementation and management. The PMS would be experiencedin planning project implementation priorities and in project monitoring and related project management systems. The PMS would be knowledgeablein the use of computer and quantitative techniques in project monitoring and management systems.

&2&nRLnlblities The PMS would assist the P10 in the design of the project monitoring system. Two local Chinese consultants would join the team, assist in the initial design, and in training and systems installation. Additional follow- up assistance that becomes necessary will be carried out by the Chinese consultants. The team would undertake the following initial assignment:

1. Review the ASSP and relatedmonitoring requirements for both headquartersand field.

2. Draw up implementationschedules for the project. The scheduleswould detail the monitoring system components and sub-componentsand then breakdown the activities required for each with a timetablefor implementation. Provincialofficials would also participatein this exercise.

3. Design and test a prototypeof the computer based monitoring system.

The PM$ would then complete his assignment and the Senior Advisory Group, PM0, and local consultants would take responsibility for the following:

4. Conduct training classes for ASSP project participants,both headquartersand field.

S. Install the project monitoringsystem.

6. Provldo follow-upassistance as necessary. - 157 - AMNE 10 Page 12 of 24

AGRICULTURLSUPPORT SERVICES PRJ ECT Termsof 4eference SeniorAgricultural Information Svstems Siecialist Locationand Duration

Five and one-halfperson months (pm) on-sitein Beijingspread over 12 months (tripone, 3 pm; trip two, 2.5 pm). Trips shouldbe scheduledfor months3 and 18 afterproject commencement. A localconsultant will be needed to provideassistance for approximatelyfive pm. Oualificationsand Exoerience

A post-graduatedegree or equivalentin agriculturaleconomics, with an emphasisin computersystems, and at least10 yearsof experiencein designingagricultural information systems used by ministriesof agriculture. The specialistshould be able to designcomputing systems, including local area networks(LANs), and have significantexperience in trainingsystems managers/analystswho are involvedin agriculturalinformation systems planningand execution.The specialistshould also have experienceand knowledgein workingwith mini-computerssimilar to the systemscurrently operatedby the InformationCenter. It wouldbe desirableif the specialist wouldhave similarexperience in otherAsian ministries of agriculture. Resnonsibilities

The agriculturalinformation systems specialist would be responsible for assistingASS?, and the participatingdepartments and units (DOA,DAH, NAPQS,and the InformationCenter), in strengtheningcomputing services to supportthe data processingand informationmanagement needs of the MOA. Responsibilitieswould include:

(1) Assist in developingfunctional and technicalspecifications for new hardwareand softwareto be procuredunder this project. Much of this work will be in designingthe localarea networks(LAN) for installationin the new NATESCand AHVSCbuilding, and in designing the systems for the NAPQS and for the PNO for ASSP. These functional and technicalspecifications will describe what each system will be designed to do (its functions) and the technical, training, and maintenance requirements that vendors will be expectedto addressin bidingon the computerhardware and softwaresystems for each department or unit. This specification and reviewprocess will take 1.5 pm of foreignand 2 pm of localtechnical assistance to complete.

(2) Once the new NATESCand AHVSCbuilding has been constructedand wired for telephone and LANs, and the computer hardware has been procured and installed, the agricultural information specialist would return for une and one-half months to help trainthe computer support managers in operatingthe new systems. This wouldbe a periodof troubleshooting and gettingthese new systemsoperating smoothly. This secondassignment would require1.5 pm of foreign and 2 pm of local tecbnical assistance. - 158 -

Page 13 of 24

AGRIULTURAL SUPPORTSERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

Plant OuarantineRejulator= Seciallist

1IntroSton,. The National Animal and Plant Quarantine Service (WY) has redrafted its 1955 QuarantineLaws, and the new draft has become effective on April, 1992. The Quarantinecomponent has a specific objective to assist the National Animal and Plant Quarantine Service (NAPQS) to modernizeits regulatory and technical operationsand to bring these in closer harmony with internationallyaccepted norms. China is not a signatory of many of the international agencies governing international regulatoryprotocols, although it has signed bilateral quarantine agreementswith nearly 60 countries. The terms of reference for consultantsare as follows:-

Location: Beijing NAPQS headquarterswith possible day trips to nearly NAPQS stations.

Duratio: One person-montheach, for local and internationallyrecruited consultant.

Oualifications: The foreign consultantshall have a veterinary degree with post-graduatetraining in epidemiology,disease investigation,or a related science. The local consultant shall have trainingof similar and equivalent training. Each consultantshall have at least 10 years of proven experience in senior positions in a national quarantineservice, and shall be thoroughly familiar with the legal, technical and managerial aspects of quarantine. Both consultants shall be fluent in spoken and written English.

Duties: The consultantsshall:

Collaborate closely in their work and report directly to the Director, or his appointedproxy, in all matters pertaining to their work. They will prepare a report on their findings,to be approved by the NAPQS Project Management Office, and by the Bank.Reviewthe main pre- and post-April 1992 quarantine laws pertaining to plant quarantineto gain an understanding of any changes made. The review should cover primarily technical,but also those legal aspects not consistentwith internationallyaccepted quarantine law. Make recommendationsfor the amendment of those technical and legal regulationsnot consistentwith international norms, and draft appropriate amendments for considerationand follow-upby NAPQS. Deliver, at the end of the assignment, a workshop for senior NAPQS personnel to present the review findings and to discuss amendments.Prepare,in China, a brief but concise report summarizing findings and recommendations. The NAPQS shall.provide the necessary office facilities,office staff and translators,and WL11 provide ground transportationduring the course of the assignment. - 159 - AEX10 Page 14 of 24

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT S!RVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

Animal Ouarantine Regula;orv SRecialist

gJo tign, The National Animal and Plant Quarantine Service (NAPQS)has redrafted its 1955 QuarantineLaws, and the new draft has become effective on April, 1992. The Quarantine component has a specificobjective to assistthe NAPQSto modernize its regulatory and technical operations and to bring these in closer harmony with internationally accepted norms. China is not a signatory of many of the international agencies governing international regulatory protocols, although it has signed bilateral quarantine agreements with nearly 60 countries. The terms of reference for consultants are as follows:- Locatio: BeijingNAPQS headquarterswith possibleday tripsto nearlyNAPQS stations. Duratio: One person-month each, for local and internationally recruited consultant.

OutalifigatLgns: The foreign consultantshall have a veterinary degree with post-graduatetraining in epidemiology,disease investigation, or a related science. The local consultantshall have trainingof similarand equivalent training. Each consultantshall have at least 10 years of provenexperience in seniorpositions in a nationalquarantine service, and shallbe thoroughly familiarwith the legal,technical and managerialaspects of quarantine.Both consultantsshall be fluentin spokenand writtenEnglish.

Duties:The consultantsshall: Collaborateclosely in theirwork and reportdirectly to the Director,or his appointedproxy, in all matterspertaining to theirwork. They will preparea reporton their findings,to be approvedby the NAPQS ProjectManagement Office, and by the Bank. Reviewthe main pre- and post- April 1992 quarantinelaws pertainingto animalquarantine to gain an understandingof any changesmade. The reviewshould cover primarily technical,but also thoselegal aspectsnot consistentwith internationally acceptedquarantine law. Make recommendationsfor the amendmentoZ those technical and legal regulations not consistent with international norms, and draft appropriateamendments for considerationand follow-upby NAPQS. Deliver,at the end of the assignment,a workshopfor seniorNAPQS personnel to presentthe reviewfindings and to discussamendments. Prepare, in China, a brief but concisereport summarizing findings and recommendations.The NAPQS shallprovide the necessaryoffice facilities, office staff and translators,and will provideground transportation during the courseof the assignment. - 160 - ANNEX 10 Page 15 of 24 CHINA

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

Livestock Geneticist, National Animal and Plant GeneticResource Center

Bagkground: The Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (hereaftercalled the Center") is a facility establishedunder the Project for the collection, preservationand disseminationof indigenousplant and animal germ plasm. The Center, which is under the technical administration of the Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences' Livestock Research Institute,is also responsiblefor developingnational breed improvementstrategies and breed improvement monitoring systems. The Center requires an internationallyrecruited consultant to assist Center staff in developingits programs and priorities, and to assist in the technicalaspects of establishingthe Center's animal germ plasm program.

Location: Beijing, with limited local travel.

Duration: One person-month.

Oualifications: The candidatewould have a post graduate degree in animal breeding and at least 10 years of experience,of which at least 5 years at a senior technical level, in institutionalizedlivestock breed improvement programs, in particularrelated to small and large ruminants,poultry and pigs. Previous experiencein China or Asia would be an asset. Experiencein the managementof a similar institution,in researchmethodology, germ plasm preservation,and in national breeding program developmentwould be essential. puties: The consultantshall:

Collaborateclosely with Center staff and report directly to its Director, or his appointed designate,in all matters pertainingto his/her work. He/she will prepare a report on his/her findings,to be approved by the Center's Project ManagementOffice, and by the Bank.Reviewan existing,or prepare, in collaborationwith the Director, a needs assessmentplan for the Center's activities,based on already prepared work plans. Evaluate the equipment and facilitiesprovided under the project, review work progress to date, and assist Center staff, where necessary,in settingwork priorities based on a preliminaryneeds assessmentplan. Train laboratoryand other relevant staff in the necessarygerm plasm preservationtechniques, and prepare notes on laboratorytechniques for future reference. Review all breed improvementprograms under developmentat the Center and provide input to rationalize the Center's resources at the maximum in relation to field needs, research findings,and breed improvementinitiatives. The Center will provide the required office support, translators,and ground transportation. - 161 - AN= 10 Page 16 of 24

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Referenge

Plant Geneticist National Animal and Plant Genetic Resource Cnter

haGkrgo.aud:The Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (hereafter called the Center") is a facility establishedunder the Project for the collection, preservationand disseminationof indigenous plant and animal germ plasm. The Center, which is under the technicaladministration of the Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences' Agricultural Research Institute, is also responsible for developing national breed improvementstrategies and breed imrtovement monitoring systems. The Center requires an internationallyrecrue.ted consultant to assist Center staff in developingits programs and priorities, and to assist in the technicalaspects of establishingthe Center's plant germ plasm program.

Location: Beijing, with limited local travel.

Duratio: One person-month.

uliufLatitions: The candidatewould have a post graduate degree in forage plant breeding and at least 10 years of experience,of which at least 5 years at a senior technical level, in institutionalized plant improvement programs, in particular related to small and large ruminants, poultry and pigs. Previous experience in China or Asia would be an asset. Experience in the management of a similar institution, in research methodology, germ plasm preservation, and in national breeding program development would be essential.

Duties: The consultant shall:

Collaborate closely with Center staff and report directly to its Director, or his appointed designate, in all matters pertaining to his/her work. He/she will prepare a report on his/her findings, to be approved by the Center's ProjectManagement Office, and by the Bank. Review an existing, or prepare, in collaborationwith the Director,a needs assessmentplan for the Center's forage plant breeding activities,based on already prepared work plans.Evaluatethe equipment and facilitiesprovided under the Project, review work progress to date, and assist Center staff, where necessary, in setting work prioritiesbased on a preliminaryneeds assessmentplan. Train laboratory and other relevant staff in the necessary forage plant germ plasm preservationtechniques and seed production,testing and breeding programs, and prepare notes on laboratory techniquesfor future reference. Review all forage plant improvementprograms under developmentat the Center and provide input to rationalizethe Center's resourcesat the maximum in relation to field needs, research findings,and breed improvementinitiatives. The Center will provide the required office support, translators,and ground transportation. - 162 - Page 17 of 24

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Term. of Reference

EnidemiolojELst National Veterinary DiaRnosticReference Laboratory

Background: The National Veterinary Diagnostic Reference Center (hereafter called the Center) is located at the campus of Beijing Agricultural University (BAU) in Beijing, and is under the technical administration of the BAU, with Project administration under the Center's Project Management Office, headed by the Dean of the BAUVeterinary Faculty. The Center was established through the AgriculturalSupport Services Project to provide reference diagnostic services to the provincialveterinary laboratories,utilizing its own and BAU resources. A National EpidemiologyUnit (NEU) is attached to the Center to develop and provide national disease survey and forecastingservices; the consultantwould be attached to this Unit.

Location: Beijing, with limited travel to adjacent provinces.

Duration: One person-month.

Oualificatifons: The candidatewould hold a degree in veterinarymedicine with a post-graduatedegree in the epidemiologyof farm animal diseases. He/she would have at least 10 years experience in the practical applicationof disease investigationprograms in developingcountries. Previous experience in China or Asia would be a considerable asset. The candidate would be fluent in spoken and written English.

Duties: The consultant shall:

Assist the NEU staff in developingthe trainingprogram in disease investigationscheduled at the national and participatingprovincial levels.Introducedisease investigationprograms capable of basic national/regionaldisease monitoring,forecasting and informationfeed back. Establish liaison with other Ministry of Agricultureagencies involved in livestockdisease control or reporting,and identify the necessary linkages between these units and the NEU.Providebasic training to NEU and provincial staff in the form of workshops, and identify staff for future overseas training; familiarizeNEU staff with basic diseasemonitoring methods using computerizedsoftware. Visit one or more provinces developing their own disease monitoring programs and assist in setting trainingprograms, work plans, and other relevant matters. Develop a basic manual, using existing, pre-collectedliterature and documentation,to support the NEU's operational programs. The Center would provide the necessary office support, translators and ground transportation. - 163 - ANNELXI Page 18 of 24 CHINLA

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

LaboratoryManasement Specialist

Introduction: This position is common to the followingsub-components:

a) National VeterinaryDiagnostic Reference Laboratory;

b) China National Center for Quality Standardsand Technology of Feeds; and

c) National Center for Quality Control of Veterinary PharmaceuticalBio-products (optional)

Locatin: Beijing.

Duration: One person-month.

Gualifications: The candidate would have a degree in laboratory management with at least 10 years of experiencein the management and developmentof laboratory services;personnel management;quality control, and (partially) self-financedlaboratory services. At least 5 years would have been spent laboratorieslocated in developingcountries, preferably in China or Asia.

Duties: The consultant shall:-

Collaborateclosely with laboratorystaff and report directly to its Director, or his appointeddesignate, in all matters pertaining to his/her work. He/she will prepare a report on his/her findings, to be approved by the laboratory'sProject Management Office, and by the Bank. Evaluate, in collaborationwith the laboratoryhead, availablephysical and human resources, and review/developthe in-servicetraining program consistentwith the AgriculturalSupport Services Project developed training objectives. Provide guidance in the developmentof routine laboratoryquality control programs for all testing protocols.Reviewpersonnel duties and devise, with the laboratoryhead, work plans to furtherupgrade laboratoryoutput. Evaluate how existing/newcost recovery plans for laboratoryservices can be developed, includingrevolving funds to augment operatingbudgets. 164 ANEX 10 Page 19 of 24 CHIN

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SE CES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

PharmaceuticalsAssay Specialist Immunologlst RecombinantDNA Specialist

National Control Center for VeterinaryPharmaceuticals and Bio-proxduct

Introduction: The above-listedspecialists are required for assignmentsat the National Control Center for VeterinaryPharmaceuticals (hereafter called the Center) and Bio-products,located in Beijing.

Locatio: Beijing.

Duratign: Two person-monthseach.

*3ualifications:Each of the three consultantswould have post-graduate degrees related to their areas of expertise,with at east 10 years of proven experience in diagnostic/assaywork in a major laboratorysetting. Exposure to, or assistancein, developingthe testing protocols in a newly established laboratorywould be an asset. Prior experiencein China or Asia would be useftl but not essential.

Duties: The consultants shall:

Evaluate existing testing/assay protocols and develop additional testing procedures (related to their specialty) to augment regulatory testing procedures. Provide bench training to laboratorystaff and develop protocol manuals for the new tests/assays. Provide workshops or "vet lab" training sessions for laboratorystaff from other units, where appropriate. Evaluate and establish the necessary quality control proceduresin their fields of expertise. Evaluate the physical resourcesrequired for new procedures, including consumables,and required budgets.Evaluatethe feasibilityof cost- recovered testing by establishingrealistic fees for new testing/assay procedures. The Center shall be responsible for office support, translators and ground transportation. - 165 - ANX10 Page 20 of 24 CHNA

Terms of Reference

Plant and Animal Dlsease nDafnostic Specialists National Animal and Plant Ouarantine Service

Introxductin: The National Animal and Plant Quarantine Service (NAPQS), under the Project, requires diagnostic specialists in plant and animal diseases to train NAPQSprovincial headquarters staff in a variety of new and existing testing procedures. Training would also cover quarantinemanagement and laboratory management. The specific areas of expertise which will be required have not as yet been identified, and will depend to a considerable extent on the areas of expertise acquired by trainees returned from overseas' training.

LocatLi: Beijing NAPQSheadquarters, with limited travel to nearly NAPQS sub-stations.

DatL :

1. Plant Ouarantine:5 person-monthstotal between 1994 and 1998, of which: 1 p.m. in 199A; 2 p.m. in 1995; 1 p.m. each in 1996 and 1997.

2. AnL.al Ouarantlne:5 person-monthstotal between 1994 and 1998, of which: 1 p.m. in 1994; 2 p.m. in 1995; 1 p.m. in 1996; 1 p.m. in 1998. - 166 - ANNEXAQ Page 21 of 24

CHIM

AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Terms of Reference

Manaaement. Finance, and Accounting Snecialist

Location. Beijing and selected provinces

ration. 2 mn-months

Qalificatios. The specialist shall have extensive experience in the finan- cial management of commercial seed companise in developing countries. The specialist will be either a financial director or senior accountant with 15-20 years of experience in the commercial seed trade, a large proportion of this time in developing countries. Formal accountancy qualifications would be beneficial but not essential.

Duties. Under the direction of the Director of the National Seed Station, the specialistwould review the procedures that are currentlyoperating in the seed producing companies included in the project. The specialistwould instruct the financialmanagers of the seed companiesin the methods of cur- rent financial management. Instructionwould also be given in the use of all the improved technological aids to financial management. In conjunction with the senior financial managers, the specialist would design the operating sys- tems for the future of the seed companies. - 167 - AM 10 Page 22 of 24

AGRICULTVRALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECS

Terms of Reference

Oualitv Control Snecialist Location.Beijing Duration. 1 man-month QOalifications.The specialistshall be an experiencedseed analystwith at least 10 years of experienceworking in developingcountries training seed maalystsand developingseed testinglaboratories that are intendedto monitor the qualityof seed producedduring the developmentphase of a new seed indus- try. Academicqualifications in seed technologyand/or agronomy would be beneficialbut actualfield experienceis more important. Duties. Under the directionof the Directorof the NationalSeed Station,the specialist shallt reviewthe proposedseed testingfacilities that are includedin the project;organize a trainingcourse for senioranalysts which vould concentrateon seed laboratorydevelopment and subsequentestablishment of qualitycontrol systems and the futuretraining of personnelsselection of two candidatesfor furtherextensive overseas training; and assist,where possible,preparation for the new equipmentand in the laboratorydesign. - 168 - AM lO Page 23 of 24

AGRICllSlllA 8SUPR S PllJzC

Toms gf lefernc Seed Production SMeciallst

Location. leij in

RmaKstica. 1 man-month

hialificatons. The speclast shallhave a forml qulification in agronomy and/orseed technology and should have 15 year. of eperience vith seed pro- duction of a wide range of crop species In developing countries. Previous experience in China would be boeficial.

Duties. Under the diroctionof the Directorof the NationalSeed Station, the specialist shalls design and conduct a training course for senior personnel at the county oeed company level. This course shall contain the basic princi- ples of seed production but vill concentrate on the commrcial operation of seed production, i.eo.,contracting, purchainSg, transporting, the oconomicesof seed processingand marketingof seed. The csadidateswould be expectedto developa knowledgeof the financialmanagement of a seed companyin conjunc- tion with the company accountants and financialusnager. - 169 - ANN-EX10 Page 24 of 24

CH1I& AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Termsof Reference Seed ProcessinaSnacaliest

ocation. Beijing Durat4in. 1 man-month Oualifications.The specialistshall be a seed processingengineer with extensiveexperience in the design and operationof seed processing facilities. Basic academicqualifications are desirablebut not essential. Ten-fifteenyears of experiencein seed processing technology and wide expo- sure to different crop species,particularly those grown in China. Previous developing country experience is necessary and training experience in China would be beneficial. Duties. Under the directionof the Directorof the NationalSeed Station,the specialistshall: reviewthe proposedfacilities for seed processingthat are includedin the projectsreview the technicalspecifications of all seed pro- ceossingmachinery being manufactured in China;design and conducta training coursefor the seniorseed processingtechnicians who will be workingin the project. This trainingcourse is to includethe designof the proposedseed processingfacilities; assist in tenderpreparation for the constructionand purchaseof the new equipmentsand be preparedfor a follow-upvisit, if nec- essary,to assistwith problemsof installationand operation. Cuuia AGRliCULTUALSlPPORT SE1VICER PRIOJEC Yield ad inremmtat llet ketun Per lectero .,...... , With Project Without Project Potential Tech. Oev. Incrsentalt a Yield Not lRtum NI/Day YTield Net Return R/Day Yield met Return ...... wR/DayPotentialTech 0ev.

Mise 6.1 3,041 10.1 6.5 3,313 11.0 6.8 3,403 11.3 m 362 Msat 3.5 2,311 12.8 4.0 2,723 14.7 4.5 3,140 16.5 412 829 "aize 3.9 1,432 7.2 4.5 1,622 7.9 5.0 1,745 8.3 19 31s Cotton 0.6 2,787 7.1 0.9 4,340 11.0 1.2 6,062 15.2 1,553 3,275 Soban 1.1 1,166 13.0 1.S 1,713 18.0 1.7 1,985 19.8 547 819 Psmets 1.6 2,130 7.8 2.0 2,919 10.6 2.8 4,670 16.7 789 2,540 Rapeseed 1.0 83? 5.6 1.5 1,166 r.8 2.0 1,359 9.1 329 S22 SW"etPotatoes 3.5 611 5.1 4.5 1,124 8.6 5.6 1,394 10.0 513 783 Sichume Rnie 6.9 3,592 12.0 7.4 3.790 13.0 7.7 3,912 13.0 198 320 Wheat 2.9 1,294 7.2 3.S 1,617 8.7 3.7 1,717 9.0 323 423 Mizte 3.7 1,S46 7.7 4.5 1,953 9.S S.0 2,234 10.6 407 688 Cotton 0.7 3,244 8.3 1.0 4.877 12.3 1.2 S,985 15.0 1,633 2,741 Soyb3an 1.7 2.533 28.1 2.0 2,970 31.3 2.2 3.288 32.9 437 755 Pemets 1.8 2,463 9.1 2.3 3,5S3 12.9 2.5 3,928 14.1 1,090 1,465 Rapeseed 1.S 1,728 6.9 1.8 2,068 8.1 2.2 2,601 10.0 340 873 swet Potatoes 3.5 S99 5.0 4.5 1,114 8.6 5.6 1,381 9.9 51S 782 RICe 6.3 2,6S9 8.9 6.7 2,7d7 9.0 7.0 2,892 wheat 9.6 128 233 2.8 1,345 7.s 3.1 1,534 8.3 3.3 1,638 8.6 189 293 Maftize 3.2 9a5 4.9 3.7 1,133 5.5 4.0 1,241 S.9 148 256 Cotten 0.7 3,282 8.4 1.0 4.925 12.5 1.2 6,038 1S.1 1,643 2,7561 Saybaon 1.2 1,251 13.9 1.S 1,627 17.1 1.7 1,893 18.9 376 642 Peenuts 1.2 1,270 4.7 2.5 3,924 14.3 3.0 4,894 17.5 2,654 3,624 RePeSeed 1.2 1,334 5.3 1.6 1,826 T.2 2.0 2.328 9.0 492 994 Sxeet Potatoes 3.5 599 5.0 4.5 1,114 8.6 5.6 1,381 9.9 S1S 782 Rice 2.0 40S 1.3 3.0 1,125 4.0 4.5 1,985 6.6 720 1,580 Usemt 2.2 787 4.4 3.0 1,296 7.0 4.0 1,998 10.5 509 1,211 Malze 2.1 569 2.8 3.5 1,170 5.7 4.5 1,666 7.9 601 1, 07 Cotten OS 2,232 5.7 0.8 3,774 9.6 1.2 6,11S 15.3 1,S42 3,883 oo Soybemn 1.0 1,163 12.9 1.S 1,928 4.5 2.0 2,712 27.1 76S 1,549 * Peenuts 1.2 1,321 4.9 1.6 2,135 7.8 2.5 4,095 14.6 814 2,774 Rapeseed 1.0 83? 5.6 1.S 1,166 7.8 1.8 1,068 7.1 329 231 SweetPotatoes 3.5 - 688 5.7 4.S 1,124 8.6 5.6 1,394 10.0 436 7Q °. Rice 6.0 2,792 9.3 6.6 3,064 10.0 7.0 3,25 10.8 272 458 'Whoet 1.4 196 1.1 1.8 483 2.6 2.2 716 3.8 287 S20 Raite 1.3 268 1.3 2.0 678 3.3 2.5 996 4.7 410 728 Cotton 1.1 5,678 14.6 1.3 6,696 17.0 1.5 7,849 19.6 1,018 2.171 Sbanybm 1.2 1,640 18.2 1.5 2,097 22.1 1.7 2,428 24.3 457 7e8 Pesuts 1.8 2,395 8.9 2.3 3,S02 12.7 2.9 4,659 16.6 1,107 2,264 Rapeseed 0.9 855 3.4 1.3 1,347 S.3 1.S 1,592 6.1 492 737 SweetPotatoes 3.S 616 S.1 4.5 1,074 8.3 5.6 1,381 9.9 458. 765 Jiasu Rice 6.2 3,658 12.2 7.0 3,673 12.0 7.4 3,767 12.6 1S 109 heet 3.4 1,63S 9.1 3.8 1,656 10.0 4.3 2,183 11.S 221 548 Maize 5.5 2,835 14.2 5.8 2,865 14.0 6.0 2,939 14.0 30 10t Cotten 0.9 4,438 11.4 1.2 6,084 1S.4 1.5 7,843 19.6 1,646 3,40S Soybeun 2.0 3,055 33.9 2.3 3,533 37.2 2.5 3.840 33.4 478 7SS gapeseed 1.7 1,9"6 7.9 1.9 2,153 8.4 21 2,611 9.3 167 425 sweetfotatoes 3.S S49 S. 4.S 1,114 8.6 5.6 1,381 9.9 515 182 Beijing Rice 6.6 3,317 11.1 7.0 3.671 2.0 7.3 3,S99 12.7 354 482 lmest 4.6 2,699 15.0 5.0 3,029 16.4 5.2 3.1S6 16.6 330 4ST Nftle S.2 2,000 10.6 S.S 2,106 10.3 5.7 2,131 10.1 106 131 Cotton 1.0 S,213 13.4 1.3 6,690 16.9 I.S 7.65? 9.6 1,47 2,644 Soybean 2.3 3.748 41.6 2.6 4,29B 4S.2 2.8 4,622 46.2 SS0 874 3qpaesed 1.8 1,979 13.2 2.4 2,407 16.0 2.6 2,161 16.6 428 112 SweetPotatoes 3.5 611 5.1 4.5 1,124 8.6 5.6 1,394 10.0 5 7

8lte 6.7 3997 13.3 7.2 4.416 15.0 7.5 4.579 15.3 419 S2 Ubeat 3.4 1,634 e.M 3.8 1I8m1 10.2 4.0 2.001 10.S 247 367 maite 6.0 2,015 10.1 6.7 2152 10.S 7.0 2,225 10.6 137 210 Cotten 0.7 3.426 8.8 0.9 4.340 11.0 1.2 6.062 15.2 914 2.636 Sobeaus 2.S 3,S46 39.4 2.9 4,110 44.0 3.0 4,304 43.0 632 758 apeseed 1.6 1.494 11.3 2.0 1,840 12.3 2.3 1'790 11.9 U46 96 £ u_etPotatoe 3.S 6t8 5.7 4.S 1,124 8.6 5. 1.394 10.0 436 706 Usonsing Iice 6.3 3,114 10.4 7.6 3,10 12.0 7.6 3.817 12.7 636 703 S_et 2.4 1.02 S.$ 2.8 1,32W ?.2 3.0 1,435 7A 275 383 msIae 5.2 1,?79 8.9 S5. 1I'M9 9.1 5.8 1,934 9.2 91 155 Cotton 0.8 3,67 9.9 1.1 5,540 14.0 1.2 6,025 15.1 1. 2,1SA sqkIiem 1.2 1,6X4 10.4 1.6 2.32M 24.5 1.6 2,627 26.3 672 913 R"Peses 1.2 1,283 S.1 1.S 1.409 6.3 1.7 I'm50 7.1 326 S6r tweet"otatoes 3.S S99 S.0 4.S 1,114 8.6 S.6 1.381 9.9 51S 782 Sw- tice 4.S 2,194 7.3 S.0 2.311 8.0 S.S 2,623 1.7 *n 429 Sbeat 1.0 9 0.0 1.S 352 1.9 1.8 S19 2.7 343 s5 Sails 2.3 923 4.6 3.0 1,312 6.4 3.S 1,626 7.7 389 703 toi S"qb n 0.8 S48 6.1 1.2 983 10.3 1.4 I'0 1O2.0 43S 655ObSS

S_et fotatoes 3.S 599 5.0 4.5 1.114 8.6 S.6 1.381 9.9 515 782 1 d1 Rice 3.3 2,366 7.9 4.2 2,617 9.0 4.5 2,7so 9.2 251 38o Shiet 2.2 780 4.3 2.S 929 S.0 2.7 1,042 S.S 149 262 lb mail. 3.2 m 3.9 4.0 1,010 4.9 4.5 I.16m 5.5 238 392 Sw$beaa 1.3 1,137 12.6 17 1.626 17.1 a.0 1.91 t9.7 469 834 ap_oed 0.8 700 2.8 1.2 1.1a 4.S 1.S 1.Sl s.8 438 air SweetPotatoes 3.5 S99 5.0 4.S 1.112 8.6 5.2 1'192 6.5 513 593 ...... kial _ed,slaAetlmm aibe see theproject ies.. NotesDetailed calowletlon asn boe am la tbeproject Mate. UllU Alflnl13A swm savicuspaoc inerentat Prodbtion and Net Incem by doptlen lete

incrnstal it l1t Project InrmntM with projet Aditlon late Cutrent Rate (tax) 20) 251X) (253) 1 168~~" Zs 33 45 s0 so Peal. 1 Incme Ped. I I|am Prod. 1I IANcN Prod. I Incau Pro. a I Pre. I 1ncom (iTn) flow (TWO T00 (Taio T' (Iton) V00 (Ton TVO (ion) vt'O A. PotentSlEwtln ~~~~~~..T"bMAG,...... tedetg ...... ------mica 1,379,734 842,359 I4.94 210,5"9 42,W9 2,6 620,m 379.062 689,867 421U180 689,80 421,160 U1eot 597.072 249,137 149.26 72,204 206,975 101,196 268,62 130,112 298,S36 144.569 290,SM 144.69 pll.a 500,643 1S2.469 125,213 3.117 175.sm 53,364 22s,379 ",611 250.422 16,23S 20.422 76,235 SeWPotatoes 11,3S4 43,899 17.63 10,91S 24,974 IS,36S 32,109 19.55 15.677 21,950 3s.67 21,"0 Cotten 126,409 62,061 31,602 163,01S 4,243 228,221 56,"4 29M,427 63,205 326.031 63,20 326.031 apeseed 331,47 363,543 2,872 9",6 11I020 134,240 149.169 1n,54 16S,1U 191.M t6S,74 tn.m so$,en 364,522 SO1,051 91,131 125,263 127.6 1t7S,36 164.03S 22s.413 132.261 250,S26 162,261 25OS26 Pemal 137m 29,480 3,428 7.3J7 4,7W9 10,3161 6.,1 13,26 6,6S6 14,740 6,316 14.740 it.ot 2693."9 m2,.seo 1,012,900 1,302.6 1,447.T00 1,447,600 ineantal Int_ 289,400 51S,600 723S80 73,580 Adptlen late Owmren Sate ltdneat wIthout Poject Inwemmt.at with Prolect (22) (2X1 (117) (27) x 111 1 3 5 20 J0 Prod. I tnem Prod. I Income Pro. a Incom Pro. t Imam Pred. t t (1io) 1S' (ien) iTom iTen) T'0 (in t'000 (Ton t'000 dim) P6 ~~~~~..Dwo......

RICO 1,663, 1,2,07 1,8 12,302 SO,StS 36.906 24.t9t 6t.5 3M3,7 -2,041 566,147 369,03 umt 921,970 64,10? 9,220 6,4t 27,f69 19,44 46,099 32,446 14,394 12".621 276,591 194,432 oaiae 099,360 363,216 6,94 3,63 Z6, 10,6 44,969 1,61 179,686 n2,67 269,614 106,9" mt Potatoes 117,340 67,766 1,173 618 3,S20 2,033 S,667 3,386 23,46 135S52 3S,202 20,328 Cotten 245,48 3,074,227 2,4ss 10,742 7,365 32,227 12,274 53,711 49,097 214,8S 73.646 322.266 S_ped 469,fS 55,571 4,700 5M56 14,099 16,17 23,496 27,29 3,994 131,74 140,990 167,571 SWAMf 467,368 124,32 4,:64 7,243 14,622 21,730 24,369 36,216 97,478 144.866 46,216 237,29 Feale 19,196 42U,06 192 425 S7 1t,27 940 2,125 3,63 6,S0 5,759 12,52 Total 4,708, 47,0 141,26 23S,446 941,765 1,412,67 IncreINtalt Ino 964,178 168,357 64,61 11,36,S81 lA*ptlIn ste by diff et asacl ...... gnrmetat InreomntalzwA with Project Present Project Scrlo I Scenario 11 Seerle fi Prod. Pod. I It Pr. U1iom Prod. U inca.e Prod. a Inca (TM) (Ton) Y'Uos (Tin) vTeoo (ion) T0100 (Ton) T000 ...... -- ,--.- - ...... RICe ,5098,000 533,422 331,732 m.071 440,57Z 1,026,631 67,221 t,tf5,OU 790,242 H Wiet 2,979,06 236,634 120.641 314.781 162,S17 482,930 274,190 S5,12Y 339,001 . Raise 3,763,000 202,276 64,261 270,348 66,772 430,298 14u8a 520,236 U1S,t99 matPotatoes 337,000 28,494 21,397 37,916 23,143 59,145 3S,S02 70.019 42.278 Cotton 161,000 S,1606 260,446 69,15S 347,t39 112,302 540,816 136,051 68,29 Repeseie 442,000 130,119 150,997 172,668 200,S23 259,73? 303,46 306,734 3S9,343 So)an 461,000 142,204 197,098 681,404 261,669 279,739 395,391 328,477 467,8 Peuts 49,000 S,315 11,593 7,130 35,39t 10,69 23,241 32,61S 27,492 tietl mta In wit Project 1,154,167 1,537,746 2,38616 2,8S9,676 incremental...... n...... with 4.-P-^^*t **-*363,576 *-*^-- 4 --1,234,637** **-^-*o 3,705,509 - 173 -

ANNEX 11 Table 3

A8CULTUMALSuOT SVICU PUOCT Liestok Coeneflt Imrntal ResAts by Pama

...... 0...... 0.00 ...... ot _._..._....o...... *^__osv^* Fura wfthit Vfth Icretatl Preset Projet Pruject Reducton Z...... I...... Cattte 4ortaltty rate CZ) 20.0 18.6 17.4 C1.2) -6.451 Meat Offt*ke CZ) 12.0 12.9 14.6 1.7 13.18J Market Weight(k/h ) 330.0 332.1 33.6 3.5 0.99X filk Yfeld (kg/had) 2,700.0 2,85S.0 3,038.0 203.0 7.16

Mortity rate Cl) 2S.0 23.S 20.3 C3.2) -13.42= 0fftake rate Cl) 58.0 8.9 76.3 7.4 10.74X Poultry or-tality rate cX) 25.0 24.0 22.7 C1.3) -5.4X Dressedmeat per bfrd Ckg) 1.6 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.001 fins por toyer Ckg) 10.0 11.1 11.9 0.8 7.21X Sheep/ots Mortalfty rate CX) 20.0 18.6 17.2 C1.4) -7.531 Offtake rate CX) .122.0 128.4 134.8 6.4 4.981 Lfveveight (kg) 37.5 38.8 40.1 1.3 3.35X =...... _...... - 174 - ANNEX11 Table 4 CHINA AGRICULTRALJP T SIRICES PROJECT Livestock Compoent Iniserntal Pr*eJtton wd Not Irnm by Adoptfon Rate

...... Incrmtotl

Current lfthout With Project Rate Project ceeario I Scnrio II Scafo III ...... 1" II% n7 432 Adoption rate 23X 37 4JX 64X SOX ...... &......

Deef 1S 9 1S 31 46 ItLk 30 11 20 33 S3 Poultry 33 14 26 43 60 Eggs 30 17 30 50 64 Pig 20 20 36 59 73 Sheep/oats 12 9 16 26 44

Average 23 13 24 40 S7 Total adoption rote 37 48 66 80 Project Incremantal 11 27 43' =......

Totat Production Incremental Torcutoz...... Production C'000 t) . a . IslPouc1n'0t

Beef 230 305 73 164 293 Milk 4L 51 6 14 28 Pouttry 52 n5 20 48 77 Eggs 428 589 123 312 444 Pig 717 93M 174 424 576 Sheep,oa?,s . 44 51 5 13 26 Total 1S15 2005 403 995 1444

Icome' (mil Yuan) Not Incr ntal I r ...... Beet 173 173 424 674 Ritk 13 11 26 51 Pouttry 59 51 122 194 lggp 152 116 295 420 Pig 291 m 568 77 Sheeploats 30 24 57 118 Total Incomr (ofl Yuan) 719 607 1,492 2,230

...... Sourcs: DetafLed calculato cam be fowm in the Project Files. Iii 991 f$91 91? 9f1 9) 13 3 90 93 z3 01 01 13Ua,3lS)1 01 01 01 01 01 0U 01 01 0l 01 0l 0. 01 01 £UI5)WJ" 11pi 9 9 b '9 9 9 9 9 9 t9 9 9 9 9 £4 1ii@flU 0* 6$0'$ 9091 09*1 00'$ JEt

-…nn****-w*ww ... n.o@*o **~* **o-* .*-* O* u*we.****w***..vv---o~ mudwuio isimaj WOSIU LoW I IL1DU

* TkW - S - - 176 -

ANNE 11 Table 6

CN1NA lawde Prices fet Prfncipat Preigta uW trIp4 (1992cet Pricm) ...... Cotten Niea Pseee lapeed Wt. Ceam tfnrt Paddy lb to u / ure TSP OF o f Perk Paitty am"t Ibt tradaStm nN X X X a X x N 1 N X X X N 1992P ioes ...... lUrd Harket PricesVuSt) in I1I 1,420 294 nA I4 317 150 125 154 2.420 I390 1,950 2,700 Oc"amFrlght:(USt) 45 22 44 t 8 a 34 34 34 no so 30 1n oCfiFM Shaghai Omit) 220 9 1.35 n0 m 219 m2 184 15 la 2.170 1,8n 1.6I0 2,825 CI1JFB Shahi (Yntt di 1,199 48 7,439 1,363 1, 1.196 1,591 1.00 867 1,025 11,82? 10,021 6,99 15,39 Pert Chargs Nd DOestribugors ain of 133 a 69 1 139 132 us 11S 103 117 109 9 84 1,411 Tratprt-Port to Whoa"a(a ef/ so 50 50 50 so 50 S0 so 50 50 S0 S0 50 so Hitt toUh l.aaiesf 12 12 12 12 12. 12 12 12 12 12 29 2t 29 29 ax Factory Prfic 1,393 335 6,63 1572 1,069 1,000 1,362 1,180 1.031 1,3 10,5S 9,022 8,07 13,90? ProceesingAdjus tmr 7T 502 a5 n5x m Preesig Costs 60 so 2n0 140 300 250 Byproductvau 70 1os 60 55 44 44 a a 0 0 Hiltt gat Value 1,463 368 6,683 1,105 1,109 1,040 1,362 1.180 1,031 1.203 ,07 5,724 5,740 7r39 Tr rt- Pam to mil h/ 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 r 7 7 1? 17 1r 17 eenceic Fr ate Price 1,470 341 6,676 1,095 1,102 1,8 1.35 1,173 1,024 1*196 5,062 5707 5,742 7,.32 200 Prices

X-wtd Hewket Peice:sUSS/t) e/ 160 105 1,713 2V 230 245 318 16 134 176 2.4r1 1900 1.9fO 1t663 oee Freigh:(us/t) 52 25 63 51 29 29 29 39 39 o 2a8 so 345 n25 1/10 Sh*ahi (UsnSt) 212 s8 1,5'4 297 2 216 289 25 1in 215 2a.84 1,85o 1,605 1,7 ciF/POsShanghai CYwn/: 4/ 1,154 434 8,524 1,616 1,097 1,179 1,576 1,118 943 1.112 11,90010,08 8,747 9,7S4 port Cha ad oistrbae ' artn @ 129 792M4 170 124 131 167 126 110 n11 1,09 932 S12 902 Traspert-Pt to whoelsert f/ 50 50 S0 50 so 50 5e 50 50 so so 50 50 50 - itt toih*eetee 12 112 12 12 12 12 l2 12 12 12 29 2a 29 29 an Fsterry Price 964 W9 7,671 1,4 912 91 1.348 1,305 1,1t5 1,364 10,75 9,71 7,856 10,72 Precei AdIjuamngt 71 50s 6n ns $5S Preeaing Costs 60 50 2W 140 300 n0 By-productvetue 70 13 60 55 40 40 0 0 0 0 mitt gate Value 1,034 32 7,671 1,299 952 1,026 1,3A 1,305 1,115 1,364 5,113 5.156 5,592 5,649 Trenpt- Fer to itt h/ r 7 7 r 7 7 7 7 7 7 17 1 17 17 Icenouic rungte Price 1,041 31S 7,64 1,292 945 1,019 1,341 1.298 1.122 1.357 s.095 S.?n s,5 5,6p ...... s/ gesd an wwtd S* C ity Price rcu, Auut3 1992,adjusted to 1992 etent prtes. b/ _ese an projcted price of penu oll ai cet, assaling that a ten of wtis ted . Opanu ytel 0.25 ten ofe lt d 0.45tcn of ot. at Reseed assed to atct 30 pralus an rwt arkt priee oer eWa d/ Inhing. rate of 15.45 * S31.* e Port charge of Y251t plus 9x dietributer#o 1rin. Ii Sisttnce from ImtSeIes to pet ie atllictetY 500 h free the PrOejt ae to Shang pert by rail at Y0.025t/b adjusted by 4.0 Cf. g/ gestuwe frm 14t to Wholeatlers IcIs roimuty 50 kg by ree at 1.OV2t/k adjustedI by CF of 1.15. h/ Ofstance free fat to milt is 30 In average by rad at 1.02Vk, adjusted by CF of 1.15. - 177 -

AN_ 11 Tabl& 7

AUIWLTURAL 5902 SERVICESPOECT Fam model- 1~ Preve I/

...... Future-WithotProject futmproved existing Tech.S/ Futur..TeduwlogicalOw. Total Other Tta Othe Tota ...... Other ...... Greins 31 Crop 4/ barmi Crops Grbain rep

Ae (mu) 2/ 7.0 1.7 8.7 7.4 2.5 9.9 7.4 2.S 9.9 crop vatue 93I.S 350.9 1,282.4 1,125.3 52.5 1,678.8 1,258.2 634.0 1,892.2 Byprodwct Vatue 69.5 4.9 74.4 80.7 8.3 89.0 89.4 9.5 98.9 Antml Raising 6/ 882.0 2,205.0 8,820.0 ars Value (Yuan) 7/ 1,001.1 33.8 2,238. 1,207.0 50.9 3,M.8 1,347.6 643.6 10,811.1 opeating costs v/ .--...... LJnd Preopaatfon 62.5 4.7 67.2 66.9 5.2 72.1 64.4 5.2 69.6 eed 53.8 5.2 59.0 41.0 10.3 51.3 41.0 10.3 51.3 organic M~re 79.2 14.5 93.7 65.5 22.0 87.5 65.5 22.0 87.5 ferttlzers 143.9 22.2 66.1 194.6 46.6 241.2 218.3 51.7 270.0 Pesticides 27.5 11.0 38.5 25.3 13. 41.5 28.3 13.2 41.5 Itrrfation Veto? 15.0 1.3 16.3 15.4 2.3 17.7 15.4 2.3 17.7 Taxes 8/ 10.6 5.8 16.4 13.7 a.9 22.7 17.8 10.6 28.4 Aniamt Prod. Costs 9/ 762.6 1,589.7 ,660.4 Other Costs 18.7 3.7 22.4 28.4 6.0 34.4 6.866.2 33.0

Ttal Costs 411.2 68.4 1,242.2 453.8 114.5 2,158.1 476.9 122.1 6,259.4

Net Value of Production 589.9 287.4 77.3 5.2 446.4 1,814.7 80.7 S21.5 4,551.7

Famfly Labor .Crop (p.ronday) 19 25 135 117 37 153 118 3v 156 183 -Livestock (p.d) 10/ 1 46 Return per Person day 5.8 9.1 13.4 Per Capita Icome I/ 237 490 1230 = ...... 1/ A typical hoseholdhas 3.? fmilt site. 2.1 wtive labor for and453 wokdays ailablo. / totat allotated w8 Is3.5 m for whih 3 u for rice, 3 fr iheat, I m tfrw zae, a . s for cotton ni rapss.e, .7 as forsoyben Cropping inteity inde Is 248. 3/ Grains are,rice, whut, maize, u nd sset potato.. 4/ Othercrop are cotto. i S/ Area prodLcing malzs, rapesed s t18 to 1.4 muw I a t vely. 6/ Pig productiont 2 pigs without project; S pigs an 20 pigs with project respectvly. 7/ Se detailed calsulatiens In project files. 8/ tam tax rof productleou 9/ Includesgrin feed other fed, ovehed ad leses. 10/ Labor for plgss I v5pios/dy. 1I/ Based on 3.7 persm poP fadity. - 178 -

ANE 11 Table 8

CNIuA AGRILUL 3 11SIVicasPROJECT FarmModet Anayfsi Incrmmtot 1a1meVlth Te Project (Yua)

...... Intemontol with Project Prwinces FutUre-lithout ProJect Isproved-Existinf Trecdtogy TechnolowealDaveletmnt

...... NV lVO PC MV R/O ...... PC IIV R/D PC

Hunmn 87.3 5.8 237.0 037.4 3.3 253.0 3,674.4 7.6 993.0 Uecjfng 1,350.8 9.8 436.0 1,090.4 2.2 351.0 7,782.6 6.2 2,510.0 neotongjiang 3,659.5 6.4 832.0 3,937.1 3.5 89S.0 17,257.1 16.3 3,922.0 Gumnd 1022.6 5.8 209.0 496.8 1.1 101.0 1,189.3 2.4 242.0 Sichuan 1,211.9 7.3 328.0 703.9 1.1 190.0 1,478.5 1.9 399.0 lanm 709.7 3.0 169.0 1,875.4 3.9 447.0 5,619.7 9.2 1,338.0 Nobel 1,435.4 6.6 359.0 1,357.5 6.2 339.0 5,196.6 12.0 1,299.0 Shaanxi 1,485.4 5.3 362.3 1,556.3 2.6 379.6 4,739.2 6.5 1,155.9 Fhanghal 1,291.6 9.8 430.5 538.3 1.5 179.5 2,491.4 1.1 830.5 Lioening 1,370.6 6.0 370.4 1,838.2 3.0 496.9 4,711.8 6.3 1,273.5 Jiangwu 1,696.6 8.9 486.7 1,048.7 0.8 2M9.7 2,208.2 2.1 630.9

...... __.__._.__...... _.__._...... _.._._.. ._.._...... _...... Souree: Ftammoel for each province an be fsa In project fites. Motess lb ot Value of Product1on * Retun Per PersonDy PC *Pe Capita Irom - 179 -

ANNE 11 Table 9 COIA ACRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT Rentond Cost Recovery ...... ScenarioI ScenarioIt Scenario IIt ...... _...... _...... ('000 Yuan) At full Oevelopnent IncrementalIncome a/ 990,600 2,727,000 3,936,000 Less ImputedValue, Famfly Labor b/ 393,393 869,961 1,093,752 loputed Valued, ManagementServices c/ 99,060 m,700 393,600 lIsputedReturn to OwnCapital di 49,530 136,350 196,800 Allowancefor Risk/Uncertainty c/ 9,060 2n,700 393,600 Subtotal 641,043 1,551,711 2.077,752 Equals: Project Rent 349,5S7 1,175,289 1,858,248 ProJect Charges -Taxesfrom CropProductfon ef 19,179 61,731 85,275 -Taxesfrom Lfvestock Productfin f/ 36,420 89,520 133,800 TotatCharges SS,599 151,251 219,075 RentRecovery Index S/ 15.9X 12.9X 11.8X DuringProJect's Life h/ ProjectRent 863,474 3,551,639 4,995,682 ProJectCharges ProeT 213,7S8 581,S04 842,262 RentRecovery Index (X) g/ 24.8X 16.4X 16.9X Project Costs it 819,993 819,993 819,993 CostRecovery Index J/ 26.1X 70.9X 102.73 ...... _...... S/ Basedon incrementalIncomes of fmrn faomties In the farmmodel analysis, before deductingproject charges and debt service. b/ Basedon incremental labor vatuedat 803 of marketwage. cl TenPercent of 1ncrementalincome. dV Five percent of incrementatincem. e1 Basedan 5X of net income. t/ Basedon 6X of net Income. gJ Project chargesas a percentageof proJect rent. h/ Exprmed as present vatues over 20-year project ltfe, discountedat 123. I/ Total project costs, excludfng recurrent costs whIch will be generatedfrom service fees. J/ Project chargesas a percent of project costs. - 180 AIRM 11 rab-le rO- Ulm AMVAIN%

...... sot at= "is* catm POW%M POUM UMV W" maw" ItAft AVOM %'4iM AUM VSUW AMNM VSIW AMMM V69M ANAM WM Aso" %gue "Wtlkiarw tw 00 an 4.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.8 4.9 Si Prf" 11 in 06 AIM I'm I'M 1.40 Praman voun v at qu 61m 2.06 low 1,610 typpeawn wtim If 20 78 '17a Is a TOW vatow T SAM I'an on "A 14610

tivift Lw%dPr%wwf on ft IrAm In I In I a 1 119 1 9 I m Seaft-flaftNW44 tt goe a m m 0 a soM In Inm Su va -Nwmd v go 20 In SO m 4 a oname xw#oo ft" Taw 6A 132 6A 02 6.6 IU &6 tU &A = &A IS: 6A IT %a ??we stwon we TS/M 30 fani t t ter to T.W" An 146 4w U6 an U6 3w In a 0M 61 an a la* 34 WM kg IrAAM In I" 7p looUm Me IN ft a10 Peso" kg IJum 0 0 a 0 a a aa kgT m n m ra ISOnm n"O0us 39 be so a t aid" sw-v 1 U 1 n a n s VA I n a 13% in "fefe" orw Iu 0 so Irmoacian W~ u 30 nIs IS a aaw 3T anu a 70 smotmi =6 mAn 1.151 00 M LM m IaLm an 61 Vvd nom m so too 6m no I:fTG VDm no In lt- w xwdw V.S M 1.3 14.6 M2 4.9 3.4 9.1

6.6 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.5 2.3 1.3 44 Prfeo It T/t so 06 60m I.m loco 6" Poodus VoLue T I'm Im Tm 24 4,4" v m aTs it wvw."m V"ua Zm fmi V4440 v 4a" 1,20 I'm ?Am I'm 4*SSt 1,06

SW elfam so VAN I 171 I m 1 61 1 119 1 0 1 im I 9 I "O Savo-Ndnxvwqd at 90 a I log 70 a a W l1a 60 40 6 "a VI -NvtwI Zf V4 a is AS las a a arvmfe xwwe tm U" 6A I32 6A M 6.6M 6.6 02 6A IU 6.6 UR 6.6 17 W4 Tram gtewm a 0 a a a aSP 3P Fortf line Afwr-WcwAmWft kg TiQu m m 40 U6 "O in tu iss 0 a 0 04w U& 72 as Ufto ko TAft In In 144 so IGO som m m 0 n " "a so tse ta Jo T.M" 10 13 80 60 111 St 100 75 $0 30 10 3B SO 3Ba Phomobsto kit MM= 490 In m is 30 so no 73 an so m 43 no n so n tmoe"gfda tprw 1 24 1 so a n I VA I n 1 40 1 40 I us Fwqieidm* SPW 1 36 a so - 1 40 a temostion W~ LE 44 30 IS 30 1a a 0 a 0~ 13 43 36 26 31 I'm m m ltuia m I'm so M Sot M 10 US M 3,9 6.6" 95 .2.00? VI3"I II'an ald 300 m 611 1.145mAm tu Soo matur" pw Na-dup U S.; 17.4 ILI U.? ILS Owel I Yfetd 7.8 U LS 1.5 I.? LIP Ij SA Price I/ 660 06 6,= I'M I'M 440 4.004 I'm 1.740 9.m XAN $,SW 1.112 8"r**"n vatue v 304 In 33 10 116 311 &.312 l.m I'm V'm R.W V.m 20144 Lm gooo-Um W#Wd V go 0 0 "O la a 014 a de 0 m do 6 430 VD Nyind 31 go IS as . 45 m I a a ftm" I" 6Am 6.6 ta 6.6 132 &A at" m &Am U40 9temn .4 0 a 0 a a Fwtitiaw kV IJAAM so 170 So M An US 450 113 a e a 4 40 US WC 316 um ke TAft us ma mamMma=6L m96 in" to T. a a a 60 140 73 70 13 Us 75 70 it a r =pi kg Soo M 350 U XM 73 304 08 X= 90 "O $A = SO WS 32 ift""Oidat softy 1 36 1 30 a U I VA 1 39 1 as 1 -40 I.S m ftVWdn lprw so I" lemsetion usew Ls so Is 311 a 19 0 IS 0~ 61 is isvIt 36 70 ewnmi I.w on in Im so 1,00 m I'm mg nocum &W TT& 9" m3101.4= 4'm No 1 VA 1*331M am m "a we v$ as 40 I.Sw no so Ascum pw No del U.9 3.4 4.? ".6 V.3 9.9 keaftt St Prfom bood m M1~ omp"w of qwn,- md n 6- Pp4emommetted to 0~ to "OL & pmen per kg 40 jamolvArwago* 4m ?I." ftp Flow.V.? top Wwa, TIJ ke w4ftemo".v fw MM04 UJ W ropmooft wd ZU fw pwam. I/ Priem VWto OF" omft am TSJ fbr PW ow V" ow mix*. - 181 -

ANNEX 11 Table 11

CNtNA MRICLTURALSUPPOlT SERVICES PROJECT Stundard ConverstonFactors

Finncial ECoPWiIc Unit ConwsiOf Comodity Pfice I/ Price Factor ...... _...... Econroic Prfce sedon Domtic Costs ...... Labor Unskitlled 1.920 1,264 YuanYear 0.66 Semi'skllitd/Technicfan 2,533 3,828 Yuan/Year 1.51 Electricity 11 55 eN/OWll 5.00 Coal 45 99 Yuan/Ton 2.20 Transport Rail 3 10 Fen/ton km 4.00 Road 20 23 Fenton km 1.15 on Inteatonfal Prfce / Economlc~~~~~,,,,,...... Prfce Based Petrotla Products Fuel ofl 3/ 155 4U6 Yudn/ton 3.01 Itrosee 700 1,195 Yuan/ton 1.71 Oiesel 660 1.211 Yuan/ton 1.83 Gaoline 801 1,349 Yuanton 1.68 Stel a70 2,042 Yuan/ton 2.35 Cowent 90 340 Yuan/ton 3.78 ifeb1r 636 634 YuaVton 1.00 forefin ExchangeRate 5.45 5.90 Yuan/USS 1.08

1/ Financal prices for bsic cwl1odities correspondto the lou tier of State Fixed Prices. Naket price wre 2 to 3 times 1fgherthan that price. 2/ Eclosre prices ae calculated on the basis of bwdar price converted at the shadowexchne rate of Y5.9/uss. 3/ Includs spcial tax of Y70/tonfor we as fuel. M aAil1RALSUP3T IENVCESPOC crep -* asuts of EconomicA Ysis

...... baia Cats a we itO P1 n P3 14 P15 PY6 PV7 PI8 P19 P1O PIlI ...... _p ......

...... hi dlies 66,045 180,093 2,410 Veicles 1,3 65,22 1,130 11,334 45,622 1,1m EWpmnt 17,248 102,561 8,911 40 17,2A 1t02,S61 8,911 40 fterials 5I838 2,574 708 Trainins 15,346 8,185 1,982 796 44 203 1,982 798 4 203 1,9I2 locftiesl Aistat-lA S,66 1,128 51U 390 390 390 Loal Cuwultmt 705 180 1400 S 100 100 100 100 100 100 6tatl. inwestnt east. 122,181 361,043 15,081 2,456 934 693 13,416 83,768 101,236 9,21S 2,S42. Recurret costs ...... 0E Vehicles 556 4,430 7,730 7,84S 7,892 7,904 7,904 7,904 7,904 7,9W 7,901 OUNNutIddls 9 851 2,694 2,719 2,719 2,719 2,719 2,719 2,719 2,719 2,719 0a Ecpapmnt 472 4,M 6,731 221 7,27 7.279 7,279 7,279 7,279 7,29 7,279 Local SlarEies 941 1199 1,249 1,307 1,346 1,346 1,346 1,346 1,346 1,346 1,346 Caenubles 1,046 8,46 8,628 8,68 2 8,4828.402 8,682 8.682 8,68 8,682 8,682 S total Recu t cot 3,0e 19,710 27,001 27V7. 27,918 27.930 27.930 27,930 27,930 27,930 27,930 Physical Cmntig ies 11,143 30,790 2,559 1,433 1,132 1.068 3,308 8.936 0,s53 2,972 2,438 Total Invest & RoeCosts 136,347 411,S43 44,642 31,663 29,985 29,691 44,653 120,634 142,739 40,116 32,910 co ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,...... _ :..... Incrmmtdt _erfits 1/ 0 42,170 81,340 126,510 168,680 210,850 253,020 29S,190 337,360 379,530 421,700 net nevRm (136,347) (369,373) 39,698 94,847 138,695 181,59 208,367 17i4,SS6 194,621 339,414 388,790 WV 83,474 to3 29.071 Redwine Salfit by 53.51 Ibt Adjusted Senffit. (136,347) (391,829) (S,213) 27,480 48,873 68181 73n634 17,367 14,97 137,314 164,2 WV 143 ER at 121 12.003 ...... ,...... 0|t C.| Intrremtal Beneits 21 4 12,090 224,180 336,270 48,360 S60,4SO 672,540 784,630 896,7 1,008,810 1,120,900 0a Net Revenme (136,347) (299,453) 179,S38 304,607 418,375 S30,759 627,887 663,996 753,981 948,694 1,087,990 a-X WV 3,551,439 . 3 46O.201S ......

Imremntal Nef Its 3/ 0 149,650 299,300 448,950 S98,600 78,250 897,900 1,047,5SO 1,197,2001,346,850 1,496,500 t let Revow (136,347) (261,893) 2S4,658 417,287 568,61S 718,559 853,247 926,916 1,054,4611,306,734 1,463,590 Ely 4,99S,602 Int 84.S2 ...... ,... _...... otest Detai ed calculatiorn can be found In Project Fles. 1U met ltsfmntsl benefits at ear II vould be 1421.7 PAiton, for scamaio 1. 2/ net Insrementl beits at year 11 would be 11,120.9 million, for Senario It. 3/N at incremental beneits at Vear 11 wuld be 11,496.SmillIon, for Sc_nrio Ill. Pn12 n13 PT14 P"IS P116 PY17 Pyle P119 PM2

11.334 65,622 1,130 17,248 102561 8,911 460 798 444 203 1.S42 743 427 203 203 203 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *-.. --.-...... ,...... 696 S44 11,637 67,264 1.973 17.775 102.66S 9.21S 764

7,904 7,904 7,904 7,904 7,904 7,9K 7,904 ?,904 7,904 2,719 2,79 2,719 2,719 2.719 2.719 2,n9 2,719 2,719 7.279 7,279 7.279 7,279 7,279 7.279 7,279 7,279 7.279 1,346 1.346 1,346 1.346 1.346 1.346 1.346 1.346 1.34A 8,682 682 ,682 6,682 8,662 8.662 662 8,682 8,682 ...... 27.930 27.930 27,930 27,930 27,930 27.930 27.930 27,930 27,930 2,306 2,278 3,16S 7,61S 2,392 3.656 10.464 2,972 2,295 31.134 30,752 42,733 102.09 32,295 49,361 141,256 40,116 30.989

421,700 421.700 421.700 421,700 421,700 421,700 421,700 421,700 421,700 t 390,S66 390,948 318,967 318,691 389,40S 372.339 280,442 381,S84 390,711

166,011 166,393 154.412 94,336 164,850 147.784 5,5806 157,029 166,156

...... SF 1,109,766 1,2090,4 ,071,167201,0120,90 1,120,900 1,1.90 1.12 1,080,900 1,129.910 'a

...... 1,496,50 1,496,SOD1,496,500 1.491,500 1,496,500 1,496,SOO1,496,S00 1,496,SOO1,496,500 1,466,366 1,466,748 1,453,767 1,393,691 1,46,2 1,447,139 1,3SS, 1,456,34 1,466,511

...... CHINA AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT Livestock Coapo_nt Results of Economic ...... nalysis EconomicCosts & wenefits Pyn PTZ PT3 PT4 PTS PY6 PYT ...... PYS PY9 PYIO PYI1 ...... _...... tnrestmentCosts ...... Buitdings 126,S36 135,626 1,137 0 0 0 Vehicles 18,189 23,267 3.095 0 0 0 18,189 23.267 3,095 EquIpment 20,803 90,616 S80 178 170 164 20,803 90,616 580 Training 6,651 11,766 1O,7D0 6,986 3,384 1,545 1,545 1,54S 1,545 1,545 1,545 Internationat TA 0 2,004 1,475 289 138 91 Local Conouttant 42 113 116 74 25 40 Subtotat Investent Costs 17 ,220 263,392 17,101 7,526 3,717 1,840 19,734 24,812 25,443 92,161 2,125 RecurrentCosts ...... 08IVehicles 742 2,616 3,519 3,660 3,660 3,660 3,660 3,660 3,660 3,660 3,660 01K luitdinos 0 1,190 2,442 2,361 2,333 2,333 2,333 2,333 2,333 2,333 2,333 08 EqIpm*ent 56 993 5,145 5,870 5.W 885,889 5,889 5889 5,889 5,889 5,889 Local Salaries 300 814 855 8S5 850 860 860 860 860 860 860 Chonsuables 161 2,386 3,391 3,222 3,185 3,146 3,146 3,146 3,146 3,146 3,146 ------...... -- .#. Subtotal RecurrentCosts 1,309 7,996 15,352 15,968 15,907 15,88? 15,887 15,887 15.887 15,88? 15,887 Physical Contingencies 12,612 22,153 2.804 1,718 1,086 774 1,S79 l,98S 2.035 7,373 170 Total Invest & Rec. Costs 186,141 293,543 35,257 25,211 20.711 18,501 37,200 42,684 43,366 115,421 18,182

IncrementalBenOfits 1/ 0 11,000 22,000 32,000 43,000 66,000 87,000111,000 135,000 158,000 181,000 fet Reouuea (186,141)(262,543)(13,257) 6,789 22,289 47,499 49,800 68,316 91.634 42,579162,818 WV 195,457 IRR 1S.8BS Reducing Benefits by 24.801 Net AdJustedBenofits (186,141)(285,271)(18,713) (1,147) 11,625 31,131 28,226 40,788 58,154 3,395 117,930 WPV 494 to. In 12.01X ...... to 0 Hff Incrermental enef ts 2/ 0 27,000 S5,000 80,000104,000 161,000 214,000 m,000 330,000388.000 445,000 ' P let Revenue (186,141)(266,543)19,743 54,789 83,289142,499 176,800 230,316 286,634 272,579 426,818 WPV 1,339,917 o t IRR 30.68X 1b IncrementalBenefits 3/ 0 44,000 88,000 127,000166,000 256,000 341,000 434,000 526,000 618,000 708,000 Net Revenue (186.141)(249,543)52.743 101.789145.289 237,499 303,800 391,316 482,634 502,579 689,818 NPV 2,404,479 IRR 41.17X ...... PY12 P113 PY14 P11s Pn16 P11? Py18 PY19 P120

18,189 n,267 3,095 178 170 1,545 1.545 1.545 1,S5S 1,S4S I.4 1,545 1,545 1,545

...... 1,72M 1,716 19,734 24,812 4.40 1.545 1,545 1.S4S 1,S4S

3,660 3,660 3,660 3,660 3.660 3,660 3,660 3.660 3,660 2.333 2,333 2,333 2,333 2.333 2,333 2.333 2,333 2,333 ,889 S,889 S,889 5,889 5,889 5,889 5.889 5,889 5.889 860 860 860 8 a" 86 860 " 860 3,14 3.146 3,146 3.1U 3.146 3.14 3.146 3.146 3,146 ...... 15,887 15,8? 6 Is15,88 su 5 7 15,,8? 15,887 15,887 15,887 138 137 1,57 1,985 371 124 124 124 124 o 17,748 17,740 37,200 42.684 20,896 17,556 17,556 17,556 17,556 U

...... 206,000230,000 2S7,000 264,000 311,000 338,000 367,000 395,000 426,000 188.2S2212,260 219.800 241,316 290,102 320.444 349,44 377.44 408.444

137,1441SS,220 156,064 170,884 212,974 236,620 258,428 279,484 302,796

...... a 506,000566,000 630,000 698,000 763,000 829.000 902,000 971,0001,045,000 N 488,252548,260 592,800 655,316 742,102 811,444 884,444 953,4441,027,444 0 F'

,,,,,,,,,,.,,...... _._...._...... 807,000901,000 1,003,000 1,111,000 1,21S,000 1,320,000 1,436,000 1,546,000 1,665,000 789,252883,260 965,8001,068,316 1,194,102 1,302,444 1,418,$44 1,528.44 1.647,44

...... CHIIU ACRICULTURALSUPPOIT SERVICES PRECT Results of Economic Analysis - Project ...... _ Ecomc costs & Bneits Pm Pn2 PY3 P14 Pn5 P6 P17 P8 PP P110 P111 InvestmntCosts ...... Ouildinus 192.581 315,719 3.547 0 0 0 Vehicles 29,S23 88,689 4,225 0 0 0 18,189 23,267 3,095 Equipmnt 38.051 193,17 9,491 638 170 164 20,803 90,616 580 Materials S,838 2,574 708 Trainins 21,997 20,651 12,682 7,784 3,828 1,748 3,527 2,343 1,989 1,748 3.527 Inteatlonal t 5,666 3,132 1,989 679 528 481 Local Conultant 747 293 250 174 125 140 100 100 100 100 100 Si total Inwestmnt Costs 294,402 624,435 32,182 9.982 4,651 2,533 21,816 25,710 25,987 92,464 4,207 Recurrent Costs ...... Clii Vehicles 1,348 7,06 11,219 11,505 I,SS2 11,564 11,564 11.5 11,564 11,564 OL Buildins 11,564 9 2,041 5,136 5,080 S,052 S,e52 5,052 5,052 5,052 5,052 S,052 oUREqdpment 528 5,7S6 11,876 13,091 13.159 13,159 13.159 13,159 13,159 13.159 13,159 Local Salaries 1,241 2,013 2,104 2,162 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 Consables 1,207 10,842 12,019 11,904 11.86 1 11,828 I=11,828 1828 11828 ...... 11.828 ...... ,*.....X**^*-*w Subtotal Recurrent Costs 4.333 27.707 42.354 43,742 43,825 43.7 43.798 43,79a 43,798 43.798 43,798 lhsical Continoencies 23,755 52,943 S.363 3,151 2,218 1,842 5,053 10,993 12,652 10,369 Totat 2,m75 Imest & Rec. Costs 322.490 705,08s 79,899 56,874 SO,69S 48,173 70.668 80,S01 82,437 146.632 50,780

Iremental Bnef its 1/ 0 S3,170 106,340 158,510 211,680 276,850 340,020 Net ReVeM 448,360 514,530 579,70 602,700 (322,4908)6S1,915) 26,44 101.636 160,985 228.677 269,352 367,SS9 432,093 433,068 551.920 WV 1,183.291 ERR 23.76X ReducingBmetits by 48.243 Net dwted Benefits (322,490)(67T7S64)(24.858) 25,171 s5,871 95,124 105,327 151.570 183,88 153.421 261.17? WV (150) IRS I - 12.00X 08 Inlremntt Sefits 2/ 0 139,090 279,180 416.270 552,360 721,450 u6,540 1,057,630 1,226,720 1,396,810 met Revere 1,565.900A* (322.490)(65.995) 199,281 359,396 501,665 673,277 815,872 977,129 1,144283 1,2SO,1781,515,120 0 IPV 4,970,101 IRn 48.818 Incrementsl sewf its 3/ 0 193.650 387,300 575,950 f6,600 1,004,250 1.238,900 1,481,550 1,723,200 1,964,850 2,204.500 met Revenue (522.490)(511,435) 307,401 519,076 713,905 956,077 1,168,232 1,401,049 1,640,763 1,818.218 2,153,720 WV 7.9B,705 InR M2.51I ...... 1/ Total of scerlo I for crops en livestock. 2/ total of senarlo It forcrops and livestock. 3/ total of scenario III for crops nid livestock. PT12 P113 P114 "Is PY16 T7 Ple8 P119 P20 ......

19.323 88,889 4,225 178 170 17,248 102.561 8.911 460 2,343 1I969 1,748 3,087 2,288 I'm 1,74U 1,748 1,748 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ...... I ...... 2,621 2,260 21,171 92,076 6,613 19,320 104,40 10,759 2,308

11,564 11,S64 11,56S 11,S64 11,S64 11.56 11.S5 11,564 11t5S S,052 5,052 5.052 5.052 5,052 S5.02 5,052 S,052 5,052 13,1S9 13,159 13,159 13,159 13,159 13,1S9 13,1S9 13,159 13,159 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 2,196 2.196 2,196 2,196 111.i28 11,28 11,828 11,820 II,82 1t,12 11.82 11,8a t11...... 43U, 43,798 43,796 4,798 4.798 43.7 43798 43,78 43,798 2,516 2,459 4,659 14.981 2,922 5.202 18,817 3.833 2,480 4U,935 48,S17 69,08 150.856 53,333 68,320 167,024 S8.390 48.586

627,70 651,7 678,0 705.7 72,70 ?59., 7 , 816,700 8477 s786s 03183 60,a8r 5S4.84 679,367 691,380 62.676 756,310 799.114

275,963 268,803 281,467 214,415 32S,912 324,900 241,207 364,333 390,183 fI' z : 0~ .... _.._.._..,..,..,,,,,,.,._,,,.,.,...,,,,,,,.,,,,,,...... OaQ 1,626,9001,686.900 1,750,900 1,818,900 1,t93,900 1,949,9002,022,900 2,091,900 2,165,900 1,577,96S1,438,383 1,681,072 1,668,044 1,830,567 1,681,580 1,855,876 2,033,S10 2,117,314 -a

...... _...... 2,303,SO2,397,500 2,499,500 2,607,500 2,71,500 2,816,5002,932,S00 3,042,500 3,161,500 2,254,5652,348,963 2,429,672 2,456,644 2,658,167 2,748,180 2,765,476 2,984,110 3,112,914

...... - 188 - AM 12 rage 1 of 2 CHINA

AGICUILTURL SUPPORTSELRVMICES PROJECT

Selectelipgcuments and Data Available In the Project File

A. alorts and Studies Related to the Prolect

A.1 China, AgriculturalSupport Services Project, Preject Brief and Eight Working Papers, FAO/CP, November 27, 1990.

A.2 China, AgriculturalSupport Services Project, Preparation Report, Volume 1 and 2, FAO/CP,July 18, 1991.

A.3 AgriculturalSupport Services Project, Farmers' Association, Chen, Chin-Wen,November 1991.

A.4 AgriculturalSupport Services Project, A Proposal,Ministry of Agriculture,August 4, 1990.

A.5 AgriculturalSupport ServicesProject, Basic Condition, China General Seed Administration Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Deceuber 1990.

A.6 Investigation Report on Animal and Plant Quarantine, Ministry of Agriculture, February 1992.

A.7 Proposal for InformationSystem of ASSP, Ministry of Agriculture,March 17, 1992.

A.8 China-AgriculturalSupport Services Project-FeasibilityStudy Report (Seed Section),Department of Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture,April 30, 1992.

A.9 ReorganizationPlan for the Unified Service Center of the Department of Agriculture--National Agrotecinmical Extension Center, National Agrotechnical Service Center, and Administrative Support Center, Bentz, Robert P. and Swanson, Burton E.

A.10 China-Agricultural Support Services Project, Seeds Feasibility Report, Attached List, May 9, 1992.

A.ll Agricultural SupportServices Project, FeasibilityReport, Animal and Plant Quarantine Service of PRC, May 10, 1992.

A.12 China-Agricultural Support Services Programme-Seed Component- Draft Report, Lavery, P., June 1992.

A.13 China-Agricultural Support Services Project-Feasibility Study Report, Crop Component,Department of Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture,June 2, 1992. - 189 - Page 2 of 2

A.14 China-Agricultural Support Services Project-FeasibflityStudy Report, National Agrotechnical Comprehensive Service Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, June 2, 1992.

A.1S PreliminaryAnalysis of the Current Situation in Socialized Service System for Agriculture,Development Research Center of the State Council, PRC, No. 6, March 16, 1992.

3.1 AgrotechnicalExtension, the AgrotechnicalExtension System in China, Working Paper 2, Swanson, Burton E., November 29, 1991. s.2 Management Services and ProjectManagement, ASSP/CHINA, Working Paper, Public AdminiscrationService, December 1991.

B.3 Management InformationSystems Background,ASSP/CHINA, Annex 4, Public AdministrationService, December 1991.

34 Management InformationSystem, ASSP/China, Public AdministrationService, April 1992 (RevisedMay 27).

3.5 Project Costs: Detailed Cost Tables.

3.6 Financial and Ecunomic Analyses. - 190 - ClAR!t I

AGRICULTMRALSUPPORT JERVICES PROJECT

Rzotiun Orranizational $tructure of the Mftistrv of Aariculture

G enerabl Gftit

Interna l ACdit Burea of Ine¢natl Coberati|

Su*a of ?eretonel and Laor t

Burea of bral Syateaa Baetrutur~en.aJ |tto of hroecenci e¢

_ ureu of General PlRegio

Buea o fle¢nat.l Dereopen *audSenrvie Centr for.l |ig

_ ureauof Soteo end?ecbnolog Qualt7 S.agrprdute

_teau of Aih eriet ctlsa I aat blarsy ad ti4 l lRcl Aiemiinuarie Srai eb Watione ee¢ Induatr GU ir..e t c

Bueau of 4dtniSPration

aioa ef ic8tura Ea4ibitcs Cete

Raioa 11Agri1Cultura Broad.aeain School

bine MaefF olf Agiutrl|nierne Gi. .o. AgetfwZ mof n _aorue e Chns Maemof Agiutua cienc

{ffSe e¢Sevie ureau t 1z 0 V~~~~~~~~~~ 16 - AGRICULTURALSPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

Organization for Proiect ImDlementation

_.tg _W _ 1auta n4 Suwo1te t pwe_ mSr 0au S¢1a1ag enLe41 _Fle Orceap GrOup Ui _torlgaB i AafieL,tAa Oroup Fvajn.o GroupI cro _u ___I_ LIoeoo FlU l 1 I d_Peu_Greuprr. 2,~oa1oSal _ l.e Group - i

I~ ~ ~ "u .. = . -7 I .

1FI-

r "~~~~Pamuml ,u.lao Procs |nt Goup ?u|~Lol*d 1 lme Gru VaulI F_ , m l_

| | | 0 RO~~~~~~~~~~~~1 1 1 1 Xtz c ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Group p - 193 -

M MAGRCLU^SUPPOT SElVICESPROJECT

Ormanizational St=uctur fteNamtinal, Asnotenhnical Litens ioe Ctr

National Agrotechiical Extension Center

Esten4ion Center DeputyDirector

ProgramISupport AgrotehnicalSupport j Department |Departmeat 11_~~~~~~~~~~ -lsed & ah r ProyramMonitoring PFeld Cpro oductio tvalu tion | L5 - SeapldCrops ____- Oilseeds& Cash Crops

Horticultural Crop.

- l Production

;r xtersionMethodology Soils and Fertilizer Trataing an rop lManagement System.rtiliser

Seed Technology |

u~~~~~~~~~~B.,s .aaemn_ =_ System9"gntPlant Protection - FieldCrops =- HorticulturalCropS . ~~~~~~~~~~~-Pesticides

eCommercial Agriculture r arm Management/Ari- S-rvCe8 Business taX8g_Smt

_ Communicationsand 5Crop Mngon ^sn Traiig Support Syste Ibs"reh ama NrtnOL1WMA.SYMi~ SERVCESP1WE

Prcposed Stn:twe for Pnirnial Agrv-lednical Extmiin Services

9BOVI L OEMD I .I t Atl tllCCIAL ov sgtct*.iugt cmw-mcoemnsso

SIC. tUSi-PARC Mo tt. DIRECtOtOR -- PRO.- ACAtEOf 116RI. SCt.

om_ I _i "Mr I { I POL~~~ICT,s itAilth, meS | allovs - t _ I -.mi_~--- *SUt?OOtDS-- - SAit#tt- -

I * I bE"Jtt~~~~FOMIRECattOR

|~~~"lt __LI .It I

nAOwIIP1819.l

N1, III. AIIEIS | ill A6IcHUOA6 WA? tEtlSt Ct_lKtAttOlS fll411EA_tlEttwuClelA ISUlIt tittJt VIERSE WALIVttt Ilill SECIONtC5tlt

rEStE15tttiwlitPEO stEt tRe SotttlOII tERtTILt E R KI autEtlr Com ci itlltESt"Dc cAtIcs~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ t UIIRJI81111* Pt SIJSEC t1110ttPC.tI

- SOtS.SlASS ZilC |EIL? hSSh?(Ol PESttl0 eses ivc

tAtt AwCiLww. SLMRr SEIUCESRKIECT Prqxsed Stnucture for Obniciput/Prefectural Agro-TednicaLExtensln Seivices

~~~~~~~~~~~~PUSSlOPat*iSASCt IM

Oftu Adm tit. " tt. ttPt Asoifn - -n ------ef -Z -

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I B Ot ASTIil; Sttlo@|" I L tNT. AISt41 PAWL L--- -.…----c I I . C I I~~~~ i . I I . ! I

"AD, Ill. ItpLAguing ,RAIMisra i6tr S

_l Ttolou S AmCnAWAflOSS St A r MICUS TStAittS _ tAtIC*0tS. -f 1…L A CmsusttAttotB~ ~urns ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ motala _ma.cas:au SCRumtStttlOlt . |vasouw PCtAStftit SCle. lSt5tt1t T Pt2Sttl J "A) (Sf IECTIONWIN .V - - zSC S tob4PRSI105

t t t ittim SIC"1A*"ltSIS U S JSSSSC,A WIL$SSU bPTTR O-TLTY SSSOIL, SeU rtI ; rs. u tsnuSEVIEstLlvca FIS ICWITNS£ETN SfitE n ORINAfitS SEtif" l S ltt PATTERSP'ECILKISTS; SEttf WattcES_ EIT* CcAtOUWUAtOS Aacaovsa*s sCcSOmis AND$?ILSZBSSUSh ENINSIS iAtSiu SEEVSKttfltS;iS t ~~~~~~~~~~~iStl#Ut tAttER sfftctKtsns zTnVITICSE 51(150W MCAt. , S s1511 COOROISSAISS _ICWOfS #ttsI SAltCRSUINAIO

M Stt sst^S,cis. :seqwmts if PtShsUn51111 GUM ANIULltJDL SPOR1SERNIICES PRJECT Piqued Structre for Comty A9o-TednicaLExtemisian Services

PAASIMAAS ASPIC.UNIV. NATE COY DEPCRTE L CY scc D SISEfltOARSC iACULtY ASN-tICO. SAGRICUSSLTR fAtLt GWEft. . .S,

AGRO-TFCNNLOGSIT. ADVISORYPANEL .EARD OF DlRttTOS OF tf,tili0LOCYXt . ADISORY ANEL ------| CAtEC DItTlRttR|_ - _____| COWTt fA ASSOC.

-AUC. .UOCASII scam|IN I tt. L StIlBOs aRCPASt| tAsof 1J tAtEt UliltIt _TtP _fQ313 ______n _ _ EVt ; I ASSOCI^ATIOU

0~~~~~~~~~

COIWNCAVSOUS IIT M

_VICOtRIIIIIAT10 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 111IN

EX.CHWICAIEXT.COOS. TUAtISSIS .Ol~SMCASI ANCRPASEk$C.sjv RTILITY SECTION 5I ACCUNIN

£ A-VESiPUNItNE SUICTHTTDSPC PESTICIDE SECTION

. -

SPr ATKASSt S@IRES |SS | 5 lPt5 E S i tt .6. ERlT. SIROTEPTIO

titt . NKICATN .

6 11AW106PATERIAU TURALECOMMCS ~~~~~~~~~~~~SOIL,FERTILIEX S&5 CORPieIi FETILIZER FESTICIDE $AXPLES, "TAILED TUION PRon YATES lAThS EWUT SUPL STONES

.TATES IXT. PSOSSL FOR ONFAN O|s TRIATIONS ACtLlUtMI srt SEICES PUWECT Prl,sed Stnuctue for Tohip Agro-ldnical ExtemicnServices

10 cAUc #amh

fu. -----s--s | to-pTAM D---c t |------

I ~~~~~I tI a I 'I1

L.…tar SISKI

| nsz-tECuotcls t |twRo _rK AND

r----_-~~~N om is" ------l EeK m ts

,tg~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g~c tI- t .vse

|1~ ~ ~ SlM esmaac,ausgzrv.astm.…1 ,SOITO .RIC ICOI tSI 'CaAt%ou

§~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LA It U IANI I . 9 rr + ffi 1.I i s~~~I

|~ ~~ t rr-~~~-' f ------PtKltEl---t At^l 2'

I i I ______I * . ___s_ "Mew"I t_ t . ._ _ ._. WtilOUtS _ ' _ i __ _~1 198 -

CHART3E A53C1)T CRAC SAXIDBanA./07-?107-3l-92Iav

e 2d Ragom.d S o erMM Of alAa Tusabadr,. tinetry of ASrIlUe

. L|4tsof ASL4s"t

Deparanat of Anbiul 3uatadw Rationa Genera Seagio of Animalh.bandiy

* !~~~Dietor' Officel

Admit.sraive Serwices Bed Offite -PA CommitteeOffice _- Paernel *2af.uani sad TropaanAa Antig and va2tioa . PSae Zad Accounti - pereictnmie ROlaCIons . Wtienesad Xaeklov

Dii.its of Animl hsbgndy D±iVSonof AnIal leahab

tdotio uiese anag nt .- tsioal Veteriarty Diagnostic aboratoy * i- p De'elo : S Pset"* Magagemet Vetrtiarya uratmet Tesxt8g laborace . Pasture Tics Prevention - AnimalUeath Development - Animl Steed Dise"e !ceatigat:i * Pla: and A41 COenResousce Cter - Livestck Vaccnation . Uveeseck Prodt.s Te"silaboratory Veteriary Pbanacatica. ad 3ATMSUte - q y UvLatott Poucts DvelopMet Vetnisty Stal:S. _aagmelt - Lvestock Rererptia. Managemet -Aial lead Development Livestock Poject

Division of Supprt Serices

-Teeke.lo Development * -Pn sd Dallitto , Liestck etenio . vestk Reonmic - lnf.mion Mnaement Mteutm a usutProduction loncastng Dee_pet ComputerOteed Manageome . *TreaintgatStia sad dUcation - 199 - ~~~CHART4

- U -U Em,

if. mu|.

Iif . Lml ,

I~~~ I.:"''''

U g!I|,0 j' ij 1 urn

_aXte attea I atee * tt l 4 t e a

950ff 50.40 d.ema_ ftp s *Aw_ S. ihm Uube 5also "Firu

slesmg Il am U

mIIu. & detgt*si_ *. lSo. J.

hag. callege (2 year_ 1S ¢e.trm teehoScal _ _ woio.leoo is y. dtle) _

sstgcmui -" te-amtrp1 oi.ptve tee.

g..e'b's0tee." eemlae U UW 3. Z "dnom3MIE _ ". msehqe&_ _ ' _

Msts.at". Ueemb6 ags. (VI ft

_teasel cow? at". 0ls LaS 941 o

tFtagre$ _ -__ 1315stet4at a 'peIt)- ee, 1 Ieztpg S* Imeette MSLSA-S W m=

-zr* tdr I d ae - 1 r 5 6 - - I g X 1 s 1 4 1 1 3 - I 1-- 1- 2~I12121- 1-- t 3 4 A 2 A

S1dtmitU1Str_er (8)&m t fteemteo" 0wet

C. ej* d n

lstigf (XI?) Ge8 ee1tti 5eS - -

C. meMwerts Elarbtem si. 6-4 In

bgIX M

Se.tt Setl limel e* -d- .

QuSeetd _rcaim Sed pgdtote I Sedpr.teeeetag Sed eql_

0._ Lema* - .rlau Seed pted.ctle. S ed *t ITi _ 1 I III - 202 -

.4 N.,

t'4. 1111111lD

4.4 ; ;a CMIA AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT

ProcurementSchddul6 for Equitm6ntadid Haterialc

ANDX> II of TMA^TO - 92 _ M 3 _ 94_ q 40AlITY it"T aT

1. STEEL, FERTILTZER ICE 10.5 MIVID _ _ _ ANDPLASTIC FILM

2. PICKUP TRUCKS AND APPRAISAL SPECIALIZED) VEHIICLES ICE 11.0 f - - - - -

3. LAB EQUIPMENT ICB 13.2 A" " _

4. LAB EQUIPMENT ICB 11.4 AIVUO _ - .- .- _- -

S. TRAININGEXTENSION fm-- EQUIPMENT ICB 9.3 | Nc_

6. REMAINING SPECIALIZEt ICB 9.7 ArA .. . t_2 3 VEHIICLES

TOTAL US., 65.1MN atvdi ------

0-M4I*UUPCtOOanTsAIIAC ItIATOIA1M OCIFITAMCI OfSSIIAINA*IOC*Md0I *ASCISITA IItCb-&OMCiumvi C-MMC4.AIUCM CfOfDIJUIUISASI asu INIITATfC#GTOSo" 1*0 D o BIRDDlING$tbfea|s"£ 0UIMO UAUAIt-CATMMUOSCS CAI eO.hl lJltCtl IS -1fR S PIObIIC TCI CNT*ACYOAMIUOUIAACAtIONIDATA 4 AN*IIVALIDATION RE19PORTA ft-ASMTlIVAS.UATlOICSI AUASIADRICCOIIOAIIO)IA TOMMNG SdGOTAU AORT AN BCUOINOlTIDNIllTO(IDA P IDA CLARANCE 0 AitCGEANEIAIION 0- AC LARASICCA lltCRI*SAAATI0N1 S ARANOCONIRACt 121012 I2Sr 13- 132 13

CHINA AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT RU S S I A N HEILONGJIANG,JWIN AND UAONINGPROVINCES FEDERATION S QUCHAJTlS ~SEW

PIE CUM BOUNDJ A

- PMMOWBUNDAR0

1W 1 >W< o eo 1-0 w I a

NEI MON L L@X J

w °~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ X_Ck' 1; X _' ,'.,~~~~~~~~~~~~

..3 RUSSM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

I~~~~DMCAI .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~POL' IBRD239091 RUSSIAN i 12e 19.\.. LIAONING(

* 7, t 0 NEI ; * _ MONGOUA GO -~~~~MO W 'i DEMOCRATIC KOWA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PEOPLE'S - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~REPUBUC OF - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~KOREA

~~ SHANDONG HA w CHINA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~H NGINGA SHA NXI

0 SHANDONGA 3Mg

0~~~~~~~~~~ % ~ ~ ~, ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~,P f-" AGRCULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT < \ ^ S ffi J y jw (> X / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EUM,HEBEI,HD,JANS, GANSU AN H El ,

SHAANAN SANGHcOAUIT PROVAINES

SH"ANGAI

mm (Cwmmmsom 005 199

i 108 / 11? 16 LW d SICG1 IIR 23910R tOo. 1 100 I ? ilr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 CHINA AGRICULTURALSUPPORT SERVICES PROJECT S HAN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SICHUAN,HUNANAND GI iANG)a PROVINCES

HUBEI AGR-TNIM1N:40IO

- 0R (OMMIJIYBOUNDARES

- MOviNc BOUNDLAEJS

0 0 14T0 240 2UNDA

-2r I 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~

G H0 U YANGM ~~~~~~~~~~~~FUJIAN

GUANGDO NG ,~~~~~MNGIJ

24 '.4 ' 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AII VIETNAM I)aGUANDQNN ior -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FHWPFM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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