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Aitken Basin
Geological and geochemical analysis of units in the South Pole – Aitken Basin A.M. Borst¹,², F.S. Bexkens¹,², B. H. Foing², D. Koschny² ¹ Department of Petrology, VU University Amsterdam ² SCI-S. Research and Scientific Support Department, ESA – ESTEC Student Planetary Workshop 10-10-2008 ESA/ESTEC The Netherlands The South Pole – Aitken Basin Largest and oldest Lunar impact basin - Diameter > 2500 km - Depth > 12 km - Age 4.2 - 3.9 Ga Formed during Late heavy bombardment? Window into the interior and evolution of the Moon Priority target for future sample return missions Digital Elevation Model from Clementine altimetry data. Produced in ENVI, 50x vertical exaggeration, orthographic projection centered on the far side. Red +10 km, purple/black -10km. (A.M.Borst et.al. 2008) 1 The Moon and the SPA Basin Geochemistry Iron map South Pole – Aitken Basin mafic anomaly • High Fe, Th, Ti and Mg abundances • Excavation of mafic deep crustal / upper mantle material Thorium map Clementine 750 nm albedo map from USGS From Paul Lucey, J. Geophys. Res., 2000 Map-a-Planet What can we learn from the SPA Basin? • Large impacts; Implications and processes • Volcanism; Origin, age and difference with near side mare basalts • Cratering record; Age, frequency and size distribution • Late Heavy Bombardment; Intensity, duration and origin • Composition of the deeper crust and possibly upper mantle 2 Topics of SPA Basin study 1) Global structure of the basin (F.S. Bexkens et al, 2008) • Rims, rings, ejecta distribution, subsequent craters modifications, reconstructive -
Template for Two-Page Abstracts in Word 97 (PC)
GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF THE LUNAR SOUTH POLE QUADRANGLE (LQ-30). S.C. Mest1,2, D.C. Ber- man1, and N.E. Petro2, 1Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395 ([email protected]); 2Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771. Introduction: In this study we use recent image, the surface [7]. Impact craters display morphologies spectral and topographic data to map the geology of the ranging from simple to complex [7-9,24] and most lunar South Pole quadrangle (LQ-30) at 1:2.5M scale contain floor deposits distinct from surrounding mate- [1-7]. The overall objective of this research is to con- rials. Most of these deposits likely consist of impact strain the geologic evolution of LQ-30 (60°-90°S, 0°- melt; however, some deposits, especially on the floors ±180°) with specific emphasis on evaluation of a) the of the larger craters and basins (e.g., Antoniadi), ex- regional effects of impact basin formation, and b) the hibit low albedo and smooth surfaces and may contain spatial distribution of ejecta, in particular resulting mare. Higher albedo deposits tend to contain a higher from formation of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin density of superposed impact craters. and other large basins. Key scientific objectives in- Antoniadi Crater. Antoniadi crater (D=150 km; clude: 1) Determining the geologic history of LQ-30 69.5°S, 172°W) is unique for several reasons. First, and examining the spatial and temporal variability of Antoniadi is the only lunar crater that contains both a geologic processes within the map area. -
Chandrayaan-2 Completes a Year Around the Moon
One-year completion of Chandrayaan-2 Lunar orbit insertion (August 20, 2019) Chandrayaan-2 completes a year around the Moon The Moon provides the best linkage to understand Earth’s early history and offers an undisturbed record of the inner Solar system environment. It could also be a base for future human space exploration of the solar system and a unique laboratory, unlike any on Earth, for fundamental physics investigations. In spite of several missions to the Moon, there remains several unanswered questions. Continued high resolution studies of its surface, sub-surface/interior and its low-density exosphere, are essential to address diversities in lunar surface composition and to trace back the origin and evolution of the Moon. The clear evidence from India’s first mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1, on the extensive presence of surface water and the indication for sub- surface polar water-ice deposits, argues for more focused studies on the extent of water on the surface, below the surface and in the tenuous lunar exosphere, to address the true origin and availability of water on Moon. With the goal of expanding the lunar scientific knowledge through detailed studies of topography, mineralogy, surface chemical composition, thermo-physical characteristics and the lunar exosphere, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on 22nd July 2019 and inserted into the lunar orbit on 20th August 2019, exactly one year ago. Though the soft-landing attempt was not successful, the orbiter, which was equipped with eight scientific instruments, was successfully placed in the lunar orbit. The orbiter completed more than 4400 orbits around the Moon and all the instruments are currently performing well. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Small, Young Volcanic Deposits Around the Lunar Farside Craters Rosseland, Bolyai, and Roche
44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2013) 2024.pdf SMALL, YOUNG VOLCANIC DEPOSITS AROUND THE LUNAR FARSIDE CRATERS ROSSELAND, BOLYAI, AND ROCHE. J. H. Pasckert1, H. Hiesinger1, and C. H. van der Bogert1. 1Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany. jhpasckert@uni- muenster.de Introduction: To understand the thermal evolu- mare basalts on the near- and farside. This gives us the tion of the Moon it is essential to investigate the vol- opportunity to investigate the history of small scale canic history of both the lunar near- and farside. While volcanism on the lunar farside. the lunar nearside is dominated by mare volcanism, the farside shows only some isolated mare deposits in the large craters and basins, like the South Pole-Aitken basin or Tsiolkovsky crater [e.g., 1-4]. This big differ- ence in volcanic activity between the near- and farside is of crucial importance for understanding the volcanic evolution of the Moon. The extensive mare volcanism of the lunar nearside has already been studied in great detail by numerous authors [e.g., 4-8] on the basis of Lunar Orbiter and Apollo data. New high-resolution data obtained by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the SELENE Terrain Camera (TC) now allow us to investigate the lunar farside in great detail. Basaltic volcanism of the lunar nearside was active for almost 3 Ga, lasting from ~3.9-4.0 Ga to ~1.2 Ga before present [5]. In contrast to the nearside, most eruptions of mare deposits on the lunar farside stopped much earlier, ~3.0 Ga ago [9]. -
MATTHEW EBDEN AUS @Mattebden @Mattebdentennis @Matt Ebden
MATTHEW EBDEN AUS @mattebden @mattebdentennis @matt_ebden BORN: 26 November 1987, Durban, South Africa HEIGHT / WEIGHT: 1.88m (6'2") / 80kg (176lbs) RESIDENCE: Perth, Australia PLAYS: Right-handed · Two-handed backhand CAREER W-L: 68-106 CAREER PRIZE MONEY: $2,932,255 CAREER W-L VS. TOP 10: 3-9 HIGHEST ATP RANKING: 39 (22 October 2018) CAREER 5TH-SET RECORD: 2-3 HIGHEST ATP DOUBLES RANKING: 57 (25 June 2012) 2018 HIGHLIGHTS CAREER FINALIST (1): 2017 (1): Newport > Idols growing up were Stefan PRIZE MONEY: $961,714 (G). Edberg and Andre Agassi. W-L: 19-22 (singles), 10-16 (doubles) CAREER DOUBLES TITLES (4). FINALIST (1). > Hobbies are going to the beach, SINGLES SF (2): ’s-Hertogenbosch, surfing, movies and computer Atlanta PERSONAL games. Enjoys collecting QF (3): Halle, Chengdu, Shanghai > Began playing tennis at age 5 watches and studying with his family in South Africa. horology. CAREER HIGHLIGHTS > Moved to Australia at age 12. > If he wasn't a tennis player, he > Achieved career-high No. 39 on > Went to high school at would probably be a lawyer. 22 October 2018 following prestigious Hale School in > Enrolled at University of personal-best 19th win of Perth. Western Australia to pursue a season. Broke into Top 50 on 16 > Father, Charles, is a chief law/commerce degree, but July 2018 after reaching financial officer and played deferred to play pro tennis. Wimbledon 3R. Rose 600+ spots state cricket and tennis in > Favourite sports team is the from No. 695 to No. 76 in 2017. South Africa; mother, Ann, is a Wallabies (Rugby Union). -
Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Transparcnet Meeting Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland
National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland TransParcNet Meeting Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: 7.6.2016 Four protected areas, two countries, NLP-Zentrum Bad Schandau one landscape Handrij Härtel & Jürgen Phoenix National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: Discovery by Romantic painters Adrian Zingg (1734-1816) National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Caspar David Friedrich (1774 Greifswald - 1840 Dresden) National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Caspar David Friedrich (1774 Greifswald - 1840 Dresden) National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: One of the oldest European tourist destinations Protected areas in sandstone rock regions across the world National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland TransParcNet Meeting Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: 7.6.2016 Singularity in European context: NLP-Zentrum Bad Schandau 3 sandstone rock national parks only National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland TransParcNet Meeting Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland 7.6.2016 as part of larger geological unit NLP-Zentrum Bad Schandau Bohemian Cretaceous Basin PL D CZ Marine fossils from Cretaceous sandstones Inoceramus labiatus Natica bulbiformis Pecten Inoceramus lamarcky National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland TransParcNet Meeting Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: 7.6.2016 NLP-Zentrum High diversity of morphologic forms at different Bad Schandau spatial scales Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: Terciary volcanism Růžovský vrch Zlatý vrch National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland TransParcNet Meeting Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: 7.6.2016 geodiversity-biodiversity relations NLP-Zentrum Bad Schandau Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: role of microclimate Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: vertebrates Grasshopper Troglophilus neglectus New for Central Europe (Chládek, Benda & Trýzna 2000) Charissa glaucinaria Extremely rare montane species, within CZ in Bohemian Switzerland only L – Phengaris nausithous R – Phengaris telejus Monitoring of the butterflies from the gen. -
Creation of Sustainable Public Transport in the National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland
National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Creation of sustainable public transport in the National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Jürgen Phoenix, NPA Saxon Switzerland National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland: Protected Landscape Area (D): 287 km² Protected Landscape Area (CZ): 245 km² National Park (D): 93 km² National Park (CZ): 80 km² National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Situation analysis - tourism is the most important economic sector in the region, - but the large number of visitors causes risks for the protected areas, - one problem area is the private vehicle traffic of visitors (although the region is very well connected by public transport). keeping the situation in balance takes a lot of communication and cooperation between the different stakeholders. National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Traffic calming - a never-ending story? Traffic calming is a long-term task, don´t let any failures discourage you, after defeat get back on your feet again. National Park Region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland Experiences from 25 years involvement in traffic calming Traffic regulation and public transport don´t fall within the jurisdiction of the National Park administration. Its possibilities are limited: - to chair processes, - to provide ideas, - to support projects and plannings with (limited) finances. Changes in the main points 1990 – 2000 the stakeholders gave a lukewarm reaction to the topic, the activities focused on the private vehicle traffic of the visitors. since -
Relative Ages
CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing -
DMAAC – February 1973
LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base. -
Final Report of the NSW Bushfire Inquiry
Final Report of the NSW Bushfire Inquiry 31 July 2020 This publication is protected by copyright. With the exception of (a) any coat of arms, logo, trade mark or other branding; (b) any third party intellectual property; and (c) personal information such as photographs of people, this publication is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. The licence terms are available at the Creative Commons website at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. The Hon Gladys Berejiklian MP Premier Parliament House SYDNEY NSW 2000 Dear Premier, Report – NSW Bushfire Inquiry In January 2020 you announced the establishment of the NSW Bushfire Inquiry, noting it was to be completed by 31 July 2020. We now submit the final report of that Inquiry. The 2019-20 bush fires were some of the worst in the world and in recorded history. The Inquiry has worked to understand what happened during the 2019-20 bush fire season and how it was different to seasons that have come before. It makes 76 recommendations for future improvements to how NSW plans and prepares for, and responds to, bush fires. Some of these recommendations are for immediate action; others for actions that need to start now but will take some time to complete. Noting the breadth of the Inquiry’s Terms of Reference, the recommendations range from improvements to operational systems and processes through to significant research and strategic policy frameworks that require further development and consultation with key stakeholders. In presenting this final report we wish to acknowledge the assistance of many people – those who took the time to write submissions or talk to the Inquiry; the NSW fire agencies; colleagues from government departments in NSW and other jurisdictions; colleagues in industry, research organisations, and professional associations; and the Secretariat and Advisors to the Inquiry drawn from several government departments who worked hard to help us make sense of a complex matter. -
CONICYT Ranking Por Disciplina > Sub-Área OECD (Académicas) Comisión Nacional De Investigación 1
CONICYT Ranking por Disciplina > Sub-área OECD (Académicas) Comisión Nacional de Investigación 1. Ciencias Naturales > 1.2 Computación y Ciencias de la Científica y Tecnológica Informática PAÍS INSTITUCIÓN RANKING PUNTAJE USA Carnegie Mellon University 1 5,000 CHINA Tsinghua University 2 5,000 USA University of California Berkeley 3 5,000 USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 4 5,000 Nanyang Technological University & National Institute of Education SINGAPORE 5 5,000 (NIE) Singapore USA Stanford University 6 5,000 SWITZERLAND ETH Zurich 7 5,000 HONG KONG Chinese University of Hong Kong 8 5,000 FRANCE Universite Paris Saclay (ComUE) 9 5,000 INDIA Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System) 10 5,000 SINGAPORE National University of Singapore 11 5,000 USA University of Michigan 12 5,000 USA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 13 5,000 GERMANY Technical University of Munich 14 5,000 CHINA Harbin Institute of Technology 15 5,000 CHINA Shanghai Jiao Tong University 16 5,000 USA Georgia Institute of Technology 17 5,000 UNITED KINGDOM University of Oxford 18 5,000 UNITED KINGDOM Imperial College London 19 5,000 CHINA Peking University 20 5,000 USA University of Southern California 21 5,000 USA University of Maryland College Park 22 5,000 CHINA Zhejiang University 23 5,000 USA University of Texas Austin 24 5,000 USA University of Washington Seattle 25 5,000 CHINA Huazhong University of Science & Technology 26 5,000 USA University of California San Diego 27 5,000 USA University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 28 5,000 HONG KONG