The Dissolved Loads of Rivers: a Global Overview
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Note Sur Les Terrains De Transport
NOTE SUR LES TERRAINS DE TRANSPORT DES ENVIRONS DE THONON-LES-BA1NS (HAUTE-SAVOIE) Avec une planche et une carte Par M. Ch. JACOB, Préparateur de Géologie à la Faculté des Sciences. Les collines et les plateaux qui s'élèvent près de Thonon et d'Évian- Ies-Bains, du lac de Genève aux premiers chaînons des montagnes du Ghablais, sont presque exclusivement constitués par des formations de transport, dont le beau développement et la complexité ont depuis longtemps attiré l'attention des géologues suisses et français. En ne citant que les principales recherches dont ces terrains ont fait l'objet, on peut mentionner les travaux d'Alphonse Favre4, qui ont apporté à leur connaissance la plus importante contribution, les notes de MM. Renevier 2, Delebecque3, Schardt 4 et tout récemment encore 1 Rech. géol. dans les parties de la Savoie, du Piémont et de la Saisse voisines du Mont-Blanc, Genève, 1867, t. I. ch. 1 à ix. 2 Notice delà feuille géologique Thonon au . Paris, i884- 80.000 3 Arch. des se. phys. et nat. de Genève, t. XXXIII, i8g5, p. 98, et Les lacs français, Paris, 1898, p. 352 et suiv. 4 Arch. des se. pays, et nat. de Genève, t. XXXIII, 1890, p. 280, et feuille géol. n° XVI de la carte suisse au 100.000 116 — de M. H. Douxami*. Les différents auteurs ont formulé diverses hypothèses au sujet du groupement à adopter pour les terrasses des environs de Thonon et de l'âge qu'il faut leur attribuer. Nous n'avons pas l'intention d'étudier ici toutes les opinions émises. -
River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
River Dynamics 101 - Fact Sheet River Management Program Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Overview In the discussion of river, or fluvial systems, and the strategies that may be used in the management of fluvial systems, it is important to have a basic understanding of the fundamental principals of how river systems work. This fact sheet will illustrate how sediment moves in the river, and the general response of the fluvial system when changes are imposed on or occur in the watershed, river channel, and the sediment supply. The Working River The complex river network that is an integral component of Vermont’s landscape is created as water flows from higher to lower elevations. There is an inherent supply of potential energy in the river systems created by the change in elevation between the beginning and ending points of the river or within any discrete stream reach. This potential energy is expressed in a variety of ways as the river moves through and shapes the landscape, developing a complex fluvial network, with a variety of channel and valley forms and associated aquatic and riparian habitats. Excess energy is dissipated in many ways: contact with vegetation along the banks, in turbulence at steps and riffles in the river profiles, in erosion at meander bends, in irregularities, or roughness of the channel bed and banks, and in sediment, ice and debris transport (Kondolf, 2002). Sediment Production, Transport, and Storage in the Working River Sediment production is influenced by many factors, including soil type, vegetation type and coverage, land use, climate, and weathering/erosion rates. -
Geothermal Hydrology of Valles Caldera and the Southwestern Jemez Mountains, New Mexico
GEOTHERMAL HYDROLOGY OF VALLES CALDERA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4067 Prepared in cooperation with the OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER GEOTHERMAL HYDROLOGY OF VALLES CALDERA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO By Frank W. Trainer, Robert J. Rogers, and Michael L. Sorey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4067 Prepared in cooperation with the OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER Albuquerque, New Mexico 2000 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Water Resources Division Box 25286 5338 Montgomery NE, Suite 400 Denver, CO 80225-0286 Albuquerque, NM 87109-1311 Information regarding research and data-collection programs of the U.S. Geological Survey is available on the Internet via the World Wide Web. You may connect to the Home Page for the New Mexico District Office using the URL: http://nm.water.usgs.gov CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................ 2 Purpose and scope........................................................................................................................ -
Discovery Centre of the Valley D’Aulps
Réserve naturelle du Delta Jardins de l’eau du Maxilly-sur-Léman i n D I B MO . ais BL CHA K- eopar WWW.G a de la Dranse / Delta de la Dranse The Water 10 Pré Curieux / 5 Meillerie 0 m D 100 5 Canton de Vaud é Nature Reserve Gardens of the Pré Curieux Lugrin D 24 Saint-Gingolph com . ais BL CHA K- eopar WWW.G L (Switzerland) M i Le Bouveret e Thollon-les-Mémises k i Évian-les-Bains 1 i eopark G Chablais Chablais 2 Publier D Neuvecelle e M D 24 a s Usine d’embouteillage 19 n a NYON r 1 des eaux d’Evian / D 6 11 Château de Ripaille / D D L a L Bottling plant for Evian water Château of Ripaille M D 21 nature. Marin Direction D Saint-Paul-en-Chablais 5 Novel the link between man and and man between link the 2 Monthey - Martigny THONON-LES-BAINS 1 Mont Bénand examples of the strength of of strength the of examples Champanges D 52 18 Lac de la Beunaz / Waters are just some of the the of some just are Waters Écomusée de la pêche et du lac i M Beunaz Lake Conception Larringes Marais the Evian and Thonon Mineral Mineral Thonon and Evian the Yvoire et Musée du Chablais / The Ecomuseum of du Maravant / Maravant Marsh Bernex legends, the natural riches of of riches natural the legends, i Fishing and the Lake and the Museum of Chablais D graphique : graphique 9 e i 0 in “alpages”, the stories and the the and stories the “alpages”, g 2 L’U Nernier Anthy-sur-Léman life in the high alpine farms farms alpine high the in life 5 Féternes 00 L 1 21 Vinzier Atelier Duo I www.atelierduo.fr - e D the use of the mountains, the the mountains, the of use the D D P 23 8 Lac de Darbon Excenevex 33 a m 6 tors. -
Fascicule B Du Contrat De Rivières Des Dranses Et De L'est Lémanique
FASCICULE B CONTRAT DE RIVIÈRES Des Dranses et Est Lémanique ÉTAT DES LIEUX ET DIAGNOSTIC 2017-2022 SIAC Documents constitutifs du Dossier Définitif Le Dossier définitif du Contrat de Rivières du bassin versant des Dranses et de l’Est Lémanique est constitué de 3 documents : - Fascicule A : Document contractuel - Fascicule B : Etat des lieux et Diagnostic - Fascicule C : Recueil des fiches-Actions Le présent document constitue le Fascicule B : Etat des lieux et Diagnostic. Etat des lieux - Diagnostic Projet de Contrat de Rivières des Dranses / Est lémanique Mars 2017 Page 3 sur 126 SIAC Etat des lieux - Diagnostic Projet de Contrat de Rivières des Dranses / Est lémanique Mars 2017 Page 4 sur 126 SIAC Sommaire Sommaire ................................................................................................................................. 5 Préambule ................................................................................................................................ 7 CONTEXTE et motivations ......................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Contexte naturel et humain : territoire et usages ................................................................... 8 1.1.1 Situation géographique ................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 Présentation générale du bassin versant ........................................................................ 8 1.1.3 Masses d’eau définies dans le SDAGE 2016 – 2021 -
Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development
Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development River Characteristics - Sediment Transport - River Velocity - Terminology The illustrations below represent the 3 general classifications into which rivers are placed according to specific characteristics. These categories are: Youthful, Mature and Old Age. A Rejuvenated River, one with a gradient that is raised by the earth's movement, can be an old age river that returns to a Youthful State, and which repeats the cycle of stages once again. A brief overview of each stage of river development begins after the images. A list of pertinent vocabulary appears at the bottom of this document. You may wish to consult it so that you will be aware of terminology used in the descriptive text that follows. Characteristics found in the 3 Stages of River Development: L. Immoor 2006 Geoteach.com 1 Youthful River: Perhaps the most dynamic of all rivers is a Youthful River. Rafters seeking an exciting ride will surely gravitate towards a young river for their recreational thrills. Characteristically youthful rivers are found at higher elevations, in mountainous areas, where the slope of the land is steeper. Water that flows over such a landscape will flow very fast. Youthful rivers can be a tributary of a larger and older river, hundreds of miles away and, in fact, they may be close to the headwaters (the beginning) of that larger river. Upon observation of a Youthful River, here is what one might see: 1. The river flowing down a steep gradient (slope). 2. The channel is deeper than it is wide and V-shaped due to downcutting rather than lateral (side-to-side) erosion. -
FACT SHEET No
FACT SHEET No. 7 Rangeland Watershed Program U.C. Cooperative Extension and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Riparian Terms Chew, Matthew K. 1991. Bank Balance: Managing Colorado's Riparian Areas. Bulletin 553A. Coop. Ext. Service, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO. Pg. 41-44. Acre-foot. An amount of water that covers one Braided stream. A stream or river having flat acre to a depth of one foot. Equal to about multiple, dynamic, diverging, and converging 326,700 gallons or 43,560 cubic feet. channels, operating within a single, usually sandy streambed. Characteristic of intermittent or highly Aggradation. The process of building up a variable flows. streambank through sediment deposition. Capacity (sediment). The total amount of Alluvial. Refers to a feature that results from sediments a stream can move, including bed, sediments deposited by flowing water. The suspended, and dissolved loads. material itself is called alluvium. CFS. Cubic feet per second; a standard Anaerobic. Biological activity in the absence of measurement of stream discharge. Harder to free oxygen. The oily-looking black mud found in measure than it sounds. Always an estimate based swampy situations forms due to anaerobic on multiple measurements. decomposition of algae and plants. Cliff and slope. A terrain type made up of Aquifer. A body of groundwater. (This is not a multiple rock terraces that more or less stair-step lake in a cave; see “groundwater.”) down to a stream. Formed because some rock layers (strata) are more erosion-resistant than AUM. Animal Unit Month. The amount of forage others. consumed monthly by one cow with one calf. -
Hydrology in Mountainous Regions I
mm Hydrology in Mountainous Regions I HYDROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS THE WATER CYCLE Edited by H. LANG Geographisches Institut ETH, Abteilung Hydrologie, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland A. MUSY Institut d'Aménagement des Terres et des Eaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, GR Ecublens, CH-101S Lausanne, Switzerland Proceedings of two international symposia, the Symposium on Improved Methods of Hydrological Measurements in Mountain Areas (SI) and the Symposium on Quantitative and Qualitative Water Cycle Aspects in Heterogeneous Basins (S2), held at Lausanne, Switzerland, 27 August- 1 September 1990. The symposia were part of the International Conference on Water Resources in Mountainous Regions jointly convened by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH). IAHS Publication No. 193 Published by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 1990. IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK. IAHS Publication No. 193. ISBN 0-947571-57-4. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IAHS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in the publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by IAHS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The camera-ready copy for the papers was prepared by the authors and assembled/finished at IAHS Press. -
Responses to Comments from Anonymous Referee 2
Responses to comments from anonymous Referee 2 On “Should altitudinal gradients of temperature and precipitation inputs be inferred from key parameters in snow-hydrological models?” by D. Ruelland (HESS-2019-556) Referee’s comment The article analyzes the sensitivity of a snow accounting procedure and hydrological modeling results to the evaluation of temperature and precipitation in space and time in mountainous catchments. The study is based on a set of 20 catchments in the French Alps and two hydrological models. The author evaluates the interplay between the lapse rate, snow routine and hydrological model parameters. I found this is a clear and interesting paper. I have a few suggestions for improvement detailed below, some of which are quite major and requiring new calculations. I suggest considering the paper for possible publication in HESS after major revision. Authors’ response I would like to thank the referee for the time spent in reviewing the initial paper and making interesting suggestions. Most of them were judged useful even though I did not agree with all comments. In any cases, I provided a point-by-point response to the reviewer’s comments and tried to bring modifications to the manuscript accordingly. Detailed comments Referee’s comment 1. I found that the literature review could have been more exhaustive, to better stress the originality of the work compared to existing studies on similar or close topics. Some recent works could be discussed, for example the work by Le Moine et al. (2015) on the link between snow and hydrological sub-models in model parameterization, some studies on using snow data to calibrate hydrological models (Besic et al. -
Streams and Running Water Streams Are Part of the Hydrologic Cycle (Figure 10.1)
Streams and Running Water Streams are part of the hydrologic cycle (Figure 10.1) Stream: body of running water that is confined in a channel and moves downhill under the influence of gravity. Cross-section of a typical stream (Figure 10.2) 1) Channel Flow 2) Sheet Flow Drainage Basin: area of a stream and its’ tributaries. Tributary: small stream flowing into a large one. Divide: ridge seperating drainage basins. Drainage Patterns 1) Dendritic: resembles tree branches > occurs on uniformly resistant rock 2) Radial: streams diverge outward from a central point > occurs on conic shapes, like volcanoes 3) Rectangular: steams have sharp bends ¾ due to presence of faulting, river follows the fault 4) Trellis: Parallel main streams with right angle tributaries > occurs on valley and ridge geomorphologies Factors Affecting Stream Erosion and Deposition 1) Velocity = distance/time Fast = 5km/hr or 3mi/hr Flood = 25 km/hr or 15 mi/hr Figure 10.6: Fastest in the middle of the channel a) Gradient: downhill slope of the bed of the stream ¾ very high near the mountains ¾ 50-200 feet/ mile in highlands, 0.5 ft/mile in floodplain b) Channel Shape and Roughness (Friction) > Figure 10.9 ¾ Lots of fine particles – low roughness, faster river ¾ Lots of big particles – high roughness, slower river (more friction) High Velocity = erosion (upstream) Low Velocity = deposition (downstream) Figure 10.7 > Hjulstrom Diagram What do these lines represent? Salt and clay are hard to erode, and typically stay suspended 2) Discharge: amount of flow Q = width x depth -
Riverine Dissolved Lithium Isotopic Signatures in Low-Relief Central
Riverine dissolved lithium isotopic signatures in low-relief central Africa and their link to weathering regimes Soufian Henchiri, Jérôme Gaillardet, Mathieu Dellinger, Julien Bouchez, Robert Spencer To cite this version: Soufian Henchiri, Jérôme Gaillardet, Mathieu Dellinger, Julien Bouchez, Robert Spencer. River- ine dissolved lithium isotopic signatures in low-relief central Africa and their link to weathering regimes. Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, 2016, 43 (9), pp.4391-4399. 10.1002/2016GL067711. hal-02133282 HAL Id: hal-02133282 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02133282 Submitted on 21 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PUBLICATIONS Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Riverine dissolved lithium isotopic signatures in low-relief 10.1002/2016GL067711 central Africa and their link to weathering regimes Key Points: Soufian Henchiri1, Jérôme Gaillardet1, Mathieu Dellinger1,2,JulienBouchez1, and Robert G. M. Spencer3 • Dissolved Li isotope composition at mouth of the Congo River is 1Institut -
Comite De Rivieres Des Dranses Et De L'est Lemanique
COMITE DE RIVIERES DES DRANSES ET DE L'EST LEMANIQUE 17 juillet 2014– 10h30 heures - espace Tully Date de la convocation du Comité de rivières : 10juillet 2014 Membres présents Collège des membres représentant les élus Jean Paul MOILLE – Conseiller Régional ; George CONSTANTIN – Conseiller Général Gaston LACROIX – Conseiller général ; Paul GIRARD-DEPRAULEX – ABONDANCE ;Daniel CHAUSEE – ARMOY ; André FELIZAZ – BELLEVAUX ; Henri-Victor TOURNIER – LE BIOT ; Renato GOBBER – CHAMPANGES ; Bernard MAXIT – LA CHAPELLED’ABONDANCE ; Nicolas RUBIN – CHATEL ; Pierre MERCIER-GALLAY – CHEVENOZ ; Sophie MUFFAT – COTE D’ARBROZ ; Alain CAPPAI – FETERNES ; Gilbert GALLAY – LA FORCLAZ ; Jean René BOURRON – LARRINGES ;Jacques BURNET– LUGRIN ; Pascal CHESSEL – MARIN ; Jean Michel JULLIARD – MAXILLY SUR LEMAN ; Georges LAGRANGE – MONTRIOND André PEERSMAN – MONTRIOND ;Gérard BERGER – MORZINE ; Philippe DRAGO – NEUVECELLE ; André LAPERROUZAZ – PUBLIER ;Gérard LOMBARD – REYVROZ ; Eric DUPONT – SEYTROUX ; Max MICHOUD – SAINT PAUL EN CHABLAIS ;Jean DENAIS – THONON LES BAINS ;Jacqueline GARIN – LA VERNAZ ; Yannick TRABICHET – VAILLY ; Jean Yves MORACCHINI – SIAC ; Josiane LEI - CCPE Collège des membres représentant de l’état et les établissements publics David PROUTEAU– Préfecture de Haute-Savoie ; Mathieu DELILLE – DDT 74 ; Frédéric BRUNET - ONF Collège des membres représentant les organisations professionnelles et les usagers des rivières Philippe EROLA – AAPPMA ; Alain GAGNAIRE – ASL ;Alain LEVRAY – FDC ; Guy VULLIEZ – SPFS ; I.J BELEY – SAEME- LPO ; Martial