CENTER HALL WAY (INTERIOR HALLWAY) SOG

I. DEFINITIONS

CENTER HALLWAY: An enclosed hallway in the middle of a building with units on either side of the hallway. Center hallway construction can be found in both commercial and residential structures such as apartments, hotels, and office buildings. The most common found in Glendale are pre 1933 and large wood frame stucco apartment buildings, three and four stories.

SELF-CLOSING (PONET) DOORS: Required in the stairwells of buildings with more than two occupied, residential floors.

SPRINKLER ORDINANCE: Retroactively required in all buildings that are four or more stories.

PENTHOUSE DOOR: Rooftop access from a stairwell.

PRE 1933 NEWER CONSTRUCTION

II. OPERATIONS

A. KEYS TO INCIDENT RESOLUTION

1. STOP HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL SPREAD OF FIRE

• Rapid investigation to determine the location & scope of the incident.

• Rapid deployment of the initial attack line to locate, confine, and extinguish the fire.

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• Aggressive coordinated ventilation to support interior operations.

• After initial attack line is established, based on fire conditions, pull an additional attack line(s) to back up fire attack with a priority on protecting the hallways and stairwells.

ALL ACTIONS ASSUMED OFFENSIVE. DECLARE DEFENSIVE IF APPROPRIATE.

2. PROTECT THE HALLWAY & STAIRWELLS

• Center hallways and stairwells can promote rapid fire spread both horizontally and vertically. They can act as an entry, exit, and chimney for the fire. At the same time, they are the access and egress for both the occupants and fire suppression personnel.

• Hallway and stairwell (Ponet) doors must be controlled systematically to help isolate the smoke/fire to the floor of origin.

• Historically, the majority of fatalities in these structures occur in the hallways from smoke inhalation.

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3. ENROUTE CONSIDERATIONS

• Routing considerations (Opposing Trucks, Engines responding from quarters versus anywhere in district, BC2 with an extended response time)

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• Additional resources based on the original dispatch and supplemental information, (many calls, heavy smoke showing, strong winds, fire in the urban interface, explosions, etc…)

• Apparatus location and access for additional resources

• Water supply

• Truck spot (Two or more stories, the truck needs the close spot if possible)

• Outside agency resources needed (Gas Co, GPD, GWP, Red Cross, etc.) • All incoming units should hold at the corners/intersections until given an assignment.

B. FIRST ON SCENE - SUMMARY

1. SIZE UP:

Make a clear and concise size-up that provides a description of the building type, the type and severity of conditions present, the location of conditions and the actions being taken. Size up is a continual process throughout the incident to identify any changes in conditions that would require a change in tactics or strategy for the incident. Example: “E21 on scene of a two story Pre ’33 center hall apartment building. We have heavy black smoke from a second floor window on the Bravo side. E21 is advancing an attack line and conducting a primary search. All additional units hold at the corners”

a. If feasible, attempt to do a 360 of the building and provide an updated size-up when appropriate. If unable to make a full 360, consider sending a company to the rear to determine if access/egress is present and to report on conditions.

b. Make additional assignments to incoming companies until relieved of command or command is passed.

c. On working fires, address Two Out appropriately and verbalize on the radio. Request additional company(s) in order to provide for RIC if unable to assign from the first alarm. If a company is in the IDLH a company needs to be assigned RIC. Two Out is not sufficient for rescue of an entire company.

2. STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION- CONSIDERATIONS:

a. Pre 1933 building presents significant challenges and advantages to Firefighters.

Challenges: Age of the building, possible wall/building collapse, Ponet doors (if they are present, are they closed?), balloon construction, old standpipes, lime and sand mortar, etc…

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*The presence of Sand-lime mortar contains no concrete and has lost its adhesion ability over time * Advantages: Older buildings were built with true dimensional lumber. Penthouse door possible for ventilation, fire escapes, standpipes, building layout fairly straight forward, etc…

b. Center Hall post 1933

Challenges: Newer lightweight construction materials, lightweight construction possibly on the roof, larger buildings, possibly no vertical access to upper floors from the lobby, longer hallways, sprinkler and alarm systems, subterranean parking, complex building layout Advantages: Newer building systems, including alarm, sprinkler and combination systems, multiple stairways for access and egress, magnetic self-closing fire doors, possible penthouse door, magnetic self closing doors

3. COMPANY ASSIGNMENT - CONSIDERATIONS

a. Designate Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, and Delta for exterior sides of the structure.

b. Passing Command – (see policy included in addendum)

c. Company Operations:

Splitting the crew is defined as accomplishing two different tasks in the IDLH at the same time. Although conditions may require splitting the crew, such as roof top ventilation while affecting an immediate need rescue, the tactic is not advisable when adequate resources are available and conditions dictate. For example: Two story center hall with a person in the second story window with heavy black smoke emanating from the window all around the individual. Two to the roof for a heat hole while two put up a ladder and perform a rescue. Advantages: Multi-tasking, quickly establish the scope of the incident Disadvantages: Personnel accountability, lack of supervision by Capt.

d. Designate Divisions for each floor based on fire conditions. If the first floor is parking and the second floor is numbered in the 100’s or single digits, make sure all companies understand you are attacking the fire on the “first floor living”/ second floor. (Indexing)

e. Anticipate a common attic when making assignments (if applicable).

f. Size up and Company assignment example:

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T21 on scene of a large, four story center hall apartment building. We have fire from one window on the third floor Bravo side. T21 will be ventilation and investigation
E21 your assignment is Fire Attack
E25 your assignment is to check for extension on the fourth floor.
T26 your assignment is search and rescue
E22 your assignment is to bring an additional hand line to the fire floor and assist with fire attack. You’ll be assigned to E21. E21 do you copy you’ll have E22 working with you on the third floor? nd
Verdugo, dispatch a 2 alarm, staging to be at…

OR

E21 onscene of a large, four story center hall apartment building. We have fire from one window on the third floor Bravo side. E21 will be fire attack and primary search. Verdugo, dispatch a second alarm, staging to be at…
T21, I’m passing command to you.

4. COMMUNICATION – CONSIDERATIONS

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IS THE CORNERSTONE TO SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONS!!

COMMUNICATIONS MUST BE CLEAR, CONCISE, AND DIRECT!!

a. Communicate benchmark priorities ASAP • Location and scope of the fire (Split the crew??) • Victim or victims found (how many and what you’re doing or need) • Primary search – All Clear or not and what you’re doing or need • Secondary search – All Clear or not and what you’re doing or need • “Knock Down”

b. Good communication between companies assigned to ventilation and interior companies is imperative particularly during defensive strip operations.

5. RESOURCE – CONSIDERATIONS

a. Request adequate additional alarms/resources early when needed. (GPD, GWP, AU, etc.). Make additional requests such as another full alarm assignment. Try not to piecemeal additional resources, if possible.

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b. Try to anticipate needs and request resources based on the current conditions and incident potential.

6. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

a. MAINTAIN SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Communicate any changes in fire conditions, construction challenges, rescue that could lead to a change in tactics or strategy.

b. CONSIDER WEATHER HAZARDS Wet surfaces, wind affect on fire and horizontal spread

c. AVOID OVERHANGS, MANSARD HAZARDS Do NOT stage personnel underneath and monitor for fire involvement. Extreme caution should be used whenever laddering near any power lines

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d. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Contents that may escalate the fire, toxicity, etc.

e. TRIGGER POINTS Offensive (vs.) Defensive, Attic involvement, Building degradation, etc.

C. TACTICAL OBJECTIVES – REVAS (Rescue, Exposures, Ventilation, Attack, Salvage)

RESCUE

1. OBJECTIVE: The protection of life through Search & Rescue coupled with a quick, aggressive coordinated interior fire attack and ventilation operations.

2. PRIORITIES: a. RESCUE: HIGHEST FIRE GROUND PRIORITY:

Be prepared to initially request multiple companies in anticipation of a major rescue operation.
Initiate primary search ASAP (Priority being the unit involved, units above and adjacent units.) • Based on conditions, initial actions may be to control & improve conditions/atmosphere via fire attack and ventilation. • Stairwell doors to hallways above the fire floor must remain closed as much as possible to prevent spread of smoke/fire into these hallways. • Depending on building construction and fire location, it may be better to shelter occupants in place. • In a below top floor fire, all floors above the fire including the attic must be checked for fire extension.

b. COMMUNICATE BENCHMARK PRIORITIES ASAP:

• "Victims Found" – Where? How many? • CAN! (victims / fire : Condition, your Actions, and Needs) • Primary Search - "All Clear" – Cursory search conducted on your way in. • Secondary Search - "All Clear" – Systematic and methodical from the most involved outward.

c. SEARCH & RESCUE - EXTERIOR PRIORITIES:

Penthouse Door - occupants may use it to escape onto the roof.
Location & Rescue of Trapped Victims (windows, doors, balconies, roofs, fire escapes).

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d. SEARCH & RESCUE - INTERIOR PRIORITIES:

• Areas Most Severely Threatened (fire floor/room & above fire). • Areas with the largest number of victims (known or likely locations).

a) For residential, expect high life hazard at night & on weekends.

b) For commercial, expect high life hazard during the day time & typically during the work week.

c) Check areas victims may seek for shelter (bathrooms, closets, under beds, elevators, penthouse door, clothes hamper, etc.)

• Exposures – The units on either side and above the fire.

3. RESCUE - RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS:

• If possible, obtain possible victim information from responsible parties, How many? Where? Condition? • Anticipate & request resources early (Confirmed rescues, RIC Operations, etc). • With high occupancy buildings, such as apartments, anticipate possible major medical operations (MCI), especially when hallways are exposed to smoke/fire.

• RISK A LOT TO SAVE A LOT!! Risk a little to save a little.

4. SEARCH & RESCUE - TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS:

a. HOSE LINE with SEARCH & RESCUE: • When possible, work off of a hose line with TIC for search & rescue operations on the fire floor, and above the fire floor. Have a back-up plan in the event the TIC fails

b. DOORS: • Close doors to minimize fire spread, and limit smoke travel (especially in hallways above fire floor.) • Mark doors of searched rooms with universal “X” to designate search has been completed in this room.

c. SHELTER IN PLACE: • Depending on building construction and fire conditions, it may be better to shelter occupants in place.

d. FORCIBLE ENTRY • May require a rotary saw for entry thru front and rear security doors. Ensure forcible entry tools are brought interior.

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4. MEDICAL • Set up a medical group early in the operation and be prepared to add resources.

EXPOSURES

Exposures are both interior (next room, next unit, attic, hallway etc) and exterior (the building next door, hillside etc.) Exposure hose lines give us the opportunity to stay ahead of the fires progress and contain it to the smallest size container possible (i.e. room of origin, floor of origin, building of origin, etc).

1. OBJECTIVES: Protect life, conserve property and stop horizontal/vertical fire spread.

2. PRIORITIES: Consider placing hose lines to protect exposure priorities.

a. LIFE EXPOSURE PRIORITIES:

• Hose lines between fire & victims. • Protect access & egress routes.

b. EXPOSURE PRIORITIES - INTERIOR

• Hallways & Stairways:

i. Priority should be placed on protecting the hallways and stairwells to limit fire spread and to provide access and egress for victims and fire personnel.

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ii. Control doors to minimize fire and smoke extension.

• Unit and Floor above the Fire: Remove Occupants directly above the fire and check adjacent units. Consider sheltering in place units not directly threatened.

• Attic: Check the attic as soon as possible for fire extension in all Pre33’s.

• Adjacent Rooms & Rooms above Fire: Check as soon as possible.

• Sub Floors: Check for fire below & floor stability.

• Vertical Openings: Trash chutes, elevator shafts, light wells, etc.

• Contents: Hazardous contents that could escalate fire, &/or high value items.

c. EXPOSURE PRIORITIES - EXTERIOR

Overhangs: Assess and protect against collapse and fire spread.

Adjacent Structures

Vehicles

Dumpsters: For dumpster fires in underground parking areas, ensure smoke/fire has not extended up through trash chutes and into the hallways of the floors above the dumpster.

Power Lines, Utilities, Etc – Notify the IC for GWP call out.

3. EXPOSURES - TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Exposure protection can be better projected if we understand where the fire is going, how fast it is going and then anticipating how much time hose line deployment takes.

• Well-calculated deployment times will allow us to place exposure lines in the path of a fire instead of getting behind it.

VENTILATION

1. OBJECTIVES: Systematic removal of heat, smoke, & fire gases from the structure.

a. IMPROVE ENVIRONMENT FOR RESCUE AND FIRE OPERATIONS.

b. STOP HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL FIRE SPREAD.

c. REDUCE PROPERTY DAMAGE.

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PRIORITIES:

a. SINGLE STORY OR FIRE ON TOP FLOOR

Vertical Ventilation: • 1st Ventilation Priority: Open the penthouse door. o (For passive ventilation of stairwell/floor)

• 2nd Ventilation Priority: Heat hole over the involved unit. o (As close to over the fire as safely possible)

• 3rd Ventilation Priority: Ventilate over the hallway, initiated as close to the unit involved as possible. (Skylights)

th • 4 Ventilation Priority: Consider performing strip ventilation if attic involved.

**First and second priority can be accomplished concurrently if the entire crew goes to the roof.

Mansards: Open back of overhangs (fascia, mansard, facade, etc.) to check for fire extension all the way through the cricket.

Horizontal Ventilation: Coordinate with interior companies and vent windows to involved room(s) to provide horizontal ventilation using a blower AFTER knock down with companies and hose lines still in place and manned.

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b. FIRE BELOW TOP FLOOR

Vertical Ventilation:

i. Open penthouse door for passive ventilation of stairwell/floors.

ii. Vertically ventilate the hallway of the top floor if smoke and/or heat is hindering operations.

iii. Opening a hole over a stairwell that does not have a penthouse creates a “penthouse effect” over this stairwell to relieve smoke/heat from the stairwell and floors below.

Check for Fire Extension: The truck company must ensure fire has not spread through the walls, ducting, pipe chases, and other openings to the attic before descending the stairwell if conditions at all permit.

Control Doors: Ensure hallway doors above the fire floor remain closed to prevent smoke from entering uninvolved areas.

Horizontal Ventilation: Coordinate with interior companies and vent windows to involved room(s) to provide horizontal ventilation using a blower AFTER knock down with companies and hose lines still in place and manned.

3. VENTILATION ASSIGNMENT - CONSIDERATIONS:

a. SIZE OF STRUCTURE: Height for ladders to be used and depth for distance needed to travel for access around the complex.

b. PREPLAN INFORMATION: Know your district (Information on access, plot plan and building construction)

c. LOCATION OF APARTMENT UNIT(S) INVOLVED

d. LADDERS: • Primary ladder placed in a safe location away from the fire that provides the best route of travel, Secondary ladders closer to the units involved usually provided by the second Truck Company. • Note: For speed of ventilation, a minimum of two ladders are placed into operation; but as more firefighters are assigned to Ventilation Group, or hands

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are available, multiple ladders shall be thrown for firefighter safety to the windows of the involved unit(s). Any window used for water supply (i.e. apartment lay) should have a ladder thrown to it as well.

e. VENTILATION: Determine appropriate tactics.

f. ROOF SIZE UP: Conditions, Roof Diagnostics, Location, Safety Concerns.

g. COORDINATE & COMMUNICATE WITH INTERIOR COMPANIES: • Smoke/fire conditions & location. Did the heat hole provide enough relief? • Safety concerns: Collapse potential, A/C units, etc. • Conventional or Lightweight roof. • Fire involvement in the attic.

h. POSITVE PRESSURE VENTILATION:

• PPV Requirements MUST be met. This is an EXTREMELY High Risk operation. • Charged hose line must be in place and manned. • If any doubt, do NOT use during live-fire operations. • Use AFTER knock down to assist in clearing structure of smoke.

4. ROOF OPERATIONS - TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

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a. READ THE ROOF: Before stepping off the ladder read Fire/smoke conditions, roof sagging, ventilators issuing smoke, HVAC units, etc.

b. SOUND THE ROOF:

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Always evaluate the roof integrity before stepping on it, and sound along the path of travel. Never step anywhere that has not been sounded just prior.

c. OBTAIN ROOF DIAGNOSTICS: Minimum: Size and Direction of rafters via Inspection hole.

d. DETERMINE PATH OF TRAVEL:

• Ensure proper sounding techniques. • Place smoke indicator holes as needed. • Make an additional inspection cut at the change of roof type or elevation where the heat hole or strip is to be placed to ensure rafter direction.

Safety Hazard-Lightweight Roof:

• Communicate to IC and Fire Attack the presence of a lightweight roof. • After the roof has been opened and ceiling punched, a lightweight roof is subject to direct flame impingement. This is a major safety consideration. • Make all necessary ventilation openings and then exit the roof. e. PENTHOUSE DOOR:

• Open the penthouse door as soon as possible to allow for "passive ventilation of stairwell/floors.” • If a penthouse door cannot be opened from the roof, open a wall or the roof of the penthouse from the exterior.

f. COMMUNICATE ATTIC INVOLVEMENT: When it is determined that fire is in the attic, communicate it to the Company Commander or IC.

ATTIC INVOLVED - CONVENTIONAL

• Determine a safe path of travel towards the fire as safety permits. • The initial heat hole should be made as close as possible to the unit involved in order to stop the main cause of the horizontal spread of the attic fire. • If the fire originated in the attic, the initial hole should be made over or as close as possible to the area of origin to stop the main cause of horizontal spread of the attic fire. • Coordinate opening the roof with fire attack and salvage operations during isolated and compartmentalized attic fires. • Anticipate strip ventilation.

ATTIC INVOLVED – LIGHTWEIGHT • Determine a safe path of travel.

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• The initial ventilation hole should be made as close as safely possible to the unit where the fire has extended into the attic in order to stop the main cause of the horizontal spread of the attic fire. • If the fire originated in the attic, the initial hole should be made as close as possible to the origin of fire in order to stop the main cause of the horizontal spread of the attic fire. • Coordinate opening the roof with fire attack and salvage operations during isolated and compartmentalized attic fires.
Anticipate strip ventilation.

g. LIGHTWELLS: Ensure the light wells are checked for smoke/fire and communicated to the IC.

h. EXIT THE ROOF: Prior to exiting the roof after effective ventilation openings have been made and confirmed with interior companies, notify the IC or if the crew was split, notify your Captain. If conditions become unsafe notify the IC or your Captain why you are exiting the roof and how much of your assignment was accomplished.

ATTACK

1. OBJECTIVES:

a. LIFE PROTECTION.

b. STOP HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL FIRE SPREAD.

c. SUPPORT &/OR REINFORCE OTHER OBJECTIVES - REVAS.

d. REDUCE PROPERTY DAMAGE.

2. PRIORITIES:

a. ESTABLISH INITIAL ATTACK LINE: • Based on fire conditions and location. • Priority is to protect life (hose between victim and fire). • An aggressive interior attack on the fire coordinated with ventilation to improve conditions/atmosphere. • Protect access & egress (Hallways, stairwells, and/or adjacent rooms). • It may be necessary for the initial attack line to hold the fire in check until additional lines are put into operation. • Priority should be placed on getting the first attack line operating properly with appropriate size, staffing, and location before stretching additional attack lines inside.

b. ADDRESS WATER SUPPLY:

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• By 1st or 2nd Engine, Off the tank, Lay a line in, lay a dry line, etc.
Differentiate “Water Supply” hydrant vs FDC, etc.

c. PROTECT ACCESS & EGRESS: • Advance a hand line to protect the stairway.

d. LOCATE, CONFINE, & EXTINGUISH FIRE

e. SUPPORT/REINFORCE OTHER TACTICAL OBJECTIVES

3. HOSE EVOLUTIONS/PLACEMENT - CONSIDERATIONS

Make sure to pull enough hose for the operation.
Any time crews are involved in above ground firefighting, ensure hose packs are readily available for immediate use.

a. HOSE LINE PLACEMENT CONSIDERATIONS:

st • 1 line – attack the fire. nd • 2 line – back up the fire/hold the hallway, units on either side. rd • 3 line – check for extension above the fire. • Other lines as needed on the fire floor or floors above.

b. HOSE LAY DEPLOYMENT / FIRE ATTACK THROUGH THE FRONT DOOR:

• 1 3/4" Initial Attack Line (Ideal for speed, mobility, and gpm). • Most immediate and quickest access to the interior of the structure, allowing an immediate fire attack while protecting the means of egress for the occupants. • Stairs to upper floors are typically located near the front door. • Habitual egress of occupants through the front door increases the odds of victim location.

c. AFTER INITIAL ATTACK LINE IS ESTABLISHED: • Stretch additional hose lines to reinforce fire attack and/or protect exposures.

• For multi-story buildings, deploy hose lines to floors above to check for extension and primary search. • With buildings 3 or more stories, the drop bag evolution may be the quickest and most efficient hose lay (less hose, bypasses stairwells, etc). • If the hallways are long and charged with smoke/fire, consider accessing an uninvolved unit from the exterior via ladder. This company must ensure the fire in the hallway will not bypass them before they enter the hallway to initiate fire attack from the uninvolved unit. • Consider Apartment Lay for complex building layouts. • Consider that 4 personnel are needed to properly stretch and advance a 2 ½” hose line.

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4. PULL CEILINGS:

a. AGGRESSIVELY PULL CEILINGS: - Ensure there is no fire overhead.

b. KEEP THE HALLWAYS TENABLE: In the hallway, pull the minimal amount of ceiling to visualize if fire is overhead. c. FIRE IS ISOLATED AND COMPARTMENTALIZED TO THE ATTIC: • Get salvage operations going prior to pulling ceiling & extinguishment. • Coordinate with ventilation operations.

5. CHECK FLOOR INTEGRITY: Necessary as crews advance into structure.

6. CONTROL DOORS:: • Close doors to minimize fire spread/damage. • Helps keep hallways tenable for access & egress.

7. MULTI-STORY STRUCTURE • Verify there is no fire on first floor before advancing to upper floors. • Don't pass fire to get to fire.

RIC

Unless the rescue exception is in place, RIC should be assigned anytime Firefighters are in the IDLH, preferably from the first alarm assignment.

1. Have a clear plan, be in proper PPE, be on the right TAC. 2. Soften the building. 3. Put up multiple ladders including windows being utilized for hose lays and one to the window of the involved unit(s) and notify Fire Attack they are in place.

UTILITIES

Utilities should be addressed as soon as possible in the incident. If possible, the utilities should only be shut down to the unit/s involved. If the entire building must be shut down, ensure that is communicated to the IC for follow up by GWP and the Gas Company.

SALVAGE & OVERHAUL

1. OBJECTIVE: • Minimize property loss. • The sooner it’s started, the more property is saved.

2. PRIORITIES:

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a. MINIMIZE FIRE & SMOKE DAMAGE (rapid fire attack coordinated with ventilation, control doors)

b. MINIMIZE WATER DAMAGE (nozzle control, channel water, cover/remove contents)

3. TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS:

a. ATTIC FIRES • If the fire is isolated and compartmentalized to the attic, begin salvage operations prior to pulling the ceiling and extinguishment. • Coordinate with ventilation operations.

b. NOZZLE CONTROL • Good nozzle control can minimize water damage.

c. COVER / REMOVE CONTENTS • Covering and/or removal of property should begin as soon as possible. • Begin salvage as close to the fire as possible. • Secondary salvage operations are the floor below the fire with a priority of preventing water damage extending beyond this floor.

d. CONTROL WATER FLOW • Channel or divert water to drains or outside openings when possible. • On knock down, shut off and drain sprinkler system, and replace heads.

4. OVERHAUL

It’s NOT out until it’s cold and wet!

Ensure the building is secured to the best of your ability. If the building cannot be secured, notify the IC for GPD.

TYPICAL ASSIGNMENTS

POSSIBLE FIRST ALARM ASSIGNMENTS:

I. FIRST ALARM ASSIGNMENTS (Not limited to the following) st A. 1 company on scene: (Truck or Engine Company) • Size-up • Assumes IC/order resources • Hot lap (360 of structure)

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• Assigns incoming units • If passing command, passes command to: st  1 in truck company, unless unable to assume. nd  2 in engine company, unless unable to assume. nd  2 in truck company.

1. 1st Engine • Water supply (Wet/Dry/Off the tank?) o Lay in your own supply line • Fire attack/Primary Search • Rescue 2. 2nd Engine • Assist with Water supply if needed • Back-up fire attack/Primary search o Additional hand line positioned per fire attack direction • Exposures (Extension above or to adjacent units) • Assist with search/rescue

rd 3. 3 Engine • Back-up fire attack/Primary search o Additional hand line positioned per fire attack direction • Exposures (Extension above or to adjacent units) • Assist with search/rescue • Medical • RIC

st 4. 1 Truck • Ventilation / Investigation (Temporarily separating your crew to assess conditions of the fire) • Search • Rescue • Evacuation / Shelter in Place • Forcible Entry

nd 5. 2 Truck ND • Ventilation / 2 Ladder and protection line for roof ops as needed • Search • Rescue • Evacuation / Shelter In Place • Forcible entry • RIC • Utilities • Salvage

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II. ADDITIONAL COMPANIES/ SECOND ALARM st 1 Engine • Medical • RIC • Exposures

LADDERING

1. POSITION TRUCK FOR AERIAL OPERATIONS: When aerial access is available, position near the front and ladder near the corners allowing the aerial to reach two sides of the building. Ensure the ladder is not directly exposed to fire from windows and is out of a potential collapse zone. When aerial access is not available due to height, wires, setback, etc., leave the front of the structure open for the engine.

2. THROW MULTIPLE LADDERS: Second in Truck throw at least one additional ladder to the roof.

3. PRIORITIZE PLACEMENT: Based on rescue problem and smoke/fire conditions.

• FIRST - Ladders to civilians requiring immediate rescue.

• SECOND - Ladders for ventilation operations.

• THIRD - Ladders to balconies & windows providing firefighters additional access/egress

NOTE - Whenever possible, avoid laddering unsupported overhangs, fascia, etc.

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