Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Third Series, Vol. 27, Nos. 3-4 (July-October 1948), P

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Third Series, Vol. 27, Nos. 3-4 (July-October 1948), P NOTES CHAPTER I 1. F. G. Ackerley, "Romano-Esi," Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Third Series, Vol. 27, Nos. 3-4 (July-October 1948), p. 158. 2. Elena Marushiakova, "Ethnic Identity Among Gypsy Groups in Bulgaria," Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Fifth Series, Vol. 2, No.2 (August 1992), p. 110. 3. M. I. Isaev, Sto tridtsat' ravnopravnykh (Moskva: lzdatel'stvo "Nauka," 1970), p. 73; George C. Soulis, "The Gypsies in the Byzantine Empire and the Balkans in the Late Middle Ages," Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 15 (1961), pp. 144-145. 4. Angus Fraser, The Gypsies (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), p. 46. 5. Soulis, "The Gypsies of the Byzantine Empire," pp. 146-147. 6. Mercia Macdermott, A History of Bulgaria, 1393-1885 (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1962), pp. 18-20; B. Gilliat-Smith, "Endani 'Relatives,"' Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Third Series, Vol. 37, Nos. 3-4 (July-October 1958), p. _156. 7. Soulis, "The Gypsies in the Byzantine Empire," pp. 147-150; Kiril Kostov, "Virkhu proizkhoda na tsiganite i tekhniya ezik," Bulgarski ezik, Vol. VII, No.4 (1957), p. 344; Bulgarians and Greeks were the most predominant groups enslaved by the Turks in the fourteenth century. Halil inalcik, "Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire," in Abraham Ascher, Tibor Halasi-Kun, and BelaK. Kiraly, eds., The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judea-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern (Brooklyn, N. Y.: Brooklyn College Press, 1979), p. 38. 8. Jean-Pierre Liegeois, Gypsies and Travellers (Strasbourg: Council for Cultural Cooperation, 1987), p. 14. 9. Stanford Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume I, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), pp. 20-22; northern Bulgaria remained nominally independent until 1393, when the Turks took over Nikopol, the northern capital of Bulgaria's ruler, Tsar Ivan Shishman. Within three years, all other Bulgarian opposi­ tion leaders were overthrown, and Bulgaria passed completely into Turkish hands. Macdermott, History ofBulgaria, pp. 20-21. 10. Peter F. Sugar, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977), p. 14. 11. Dr. S. S. Shashi, Roma: The Gypsy World (Dehli: Sundeep Prekashan, 1990), p. 21; Ian Hancock, "The Romani Diaspora," The World and I (March 1989), p. 615. 12. Soulis, "The Gypsies in the Byzantine Empire," pp. 160-161; Donald Kenrick and Grattan Puxon, The Destiny of Europe's Gypsies (New York: Basic Books, 1972), p. 15; Marushiakova, "Ethnic Identity Among Gypsy Groups in Bulgaria," p. 100; Fraser, The Gypsies, p. 57; Vesselin Popov, "The Gypsies and Traditional Bulgarian Culture," Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Fifth Series, Vol. 3, No.1 (February 1993), pp. 21, 31 n. 1. 13. Sugar, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, pp. 77, 86. 14. Marushkiakova, "Ethnic Identity Among Gypsy Groups in Bulgaria," p. 113, n. 3; Helsinki Watch, Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Gypsies of Bulgaria (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991), p. 7. 240 A HISTORY OF THE GYPSIES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA 15. Shaw, Empire of the Gazis, p. 19; John Peffer, Shock Waves: Eastern Europe after the Revolutions (Boston: South End Press, 1992), p. 227; the only instances of forced con­ versions in the sixteenth century besides those already mentioned were of "Balkan slave boys recruited to staff the imperial household." Paul Coles, The Ottoman Impact on Europe (London: Harcourt, Brace, 1968), pp. 174-175. It wa~ also during this period that mass conversions of Albanians and Montenegrins took place; "Petrulengo," "Report on the Gypsy Tribes of North-East Bulgaria," Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, New Series, Vol. 9, No.2 (1915-16), pp. 65, 69. 16. Ilhan ~ahin, Feridun M. Emecen, and Yusuf Hala~qlu, "Turkish Settlements in Rumelia (Bulgaria) in the 15th and 16th Centuries," in The Turks of Bulgaria: The History, Culture and Political Fate of a Minority ed. K. H. Karpat (Istanbul: The Isis Press, 1990), pp. 27-28; Machiel Kiel, "Urban Development in Bulgaria in the Turkish Period: The Place of Turkish Architecture in the Process," in Karpat, ed., The Turks ofBulgaria, pp. 87, 89, 91, 95, 106, 109. For more on the reliability of Turkish statistics, see Stephen P. Ladas, The Exchange of Minorities: Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey (New York: Macmillan, 1932), p. 9; One of the negative aspects of the Gypsy presence in cities such as Plovdiv and Sofia was prostitution, which Suleiman the Magnificent tried to regulate in 1530. Fraser, The Gypsies, p. 175. 17. Sugar, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, pp. 37, n.3, 46, 102-103; Shaw, Empire of the Gazis, pp. 19, 26. 18. George C. Soulis, "A Note on the Taxation of the Balkan Gypsies in the Seventeenth Century," Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Third Series, Vol. 38, Nos. 1-2 (January-April1959), pp. 154-156. 19. R. J. Crampton, A Short History of Modern Bulgaria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 9-11; Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 43-45, 47-51, 105-107; Sugar, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, pp. 242-245. 20. Shaw, Empire of the Gazis, pp. 260-261, 264-265; Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 104-105. 21. Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume II, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), pp. 12-21, 59-61; Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall ofthe Turkish Empire (New York: Morrow, 1977), pp. 437-456; R. J. Crampton, "Bulgarian Society in the Early 19th Ce~;~tury," in Balkan Society in the Age of Greek Independence, ed. Richard Clogg (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1981), p. 157; Macdermott, History ofBulgaria, p. 116. 22. Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution, and Republic, p. 40; Crampton, "Bulgarian Society," pp. 157-158. 23. Crampton, "Bulgarian Society," pp. 173-177, 180-181. 24. S. G. B. St. Clair and Charles A. Brophy, A Residence in Bulgaria: Or Notes on the Resources and Administration ofTurkey (London: John Murray, 1869), pp. 7-8. 25. Ibid., p. 8. 26. Ibid., pp. 9-11; this word is also rendered as rayas orReaya ("The Flock"). Originally, Rayahs were all of the "subjects of the sultan who were not members of his Ruling Class." In time, the term came to mean only the non-Muslim peoples of the Ottoman Empire. Shaw, Empire of the Gazis, p. 150; Sugar, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, p. 348; Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries, pp. 112-113. 27. Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 170-186; Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution, and Republic, pp. 160-161; Crampton, "Bulgarian Society," pp. 172-177, 184. 28. Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 144-157, 161-165, 167; Crampton, Modern Bulgaria, p. 17. 29. St. Clair and Brophy, A Residence in Bulgaria, p. 45; many Romanian Gypsies had fled Romania soon after their emancipation in 1864 because they feared "reenslave- NOTES 241 ment if the political system collapsed as it had in 1848." David M. Crowe, "The Gypsy Historical Experience in Romania," in The Gypsies of Eastern Europe, ed. David M. Crowe and John Kolsti (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991), p. 67. 30. Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 170--186; Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution, and Republic, pp. 160--162; Crampton, Modern Bulgaria, pp. 18-19. 31. Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 250, 254, 261. 32. W. E. Mosse, Alexander 1/ and the Modernization of Russia (New York: Collier Books, 1970), pp. 130--131; Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 276, 283-289. Bulgarian, Western, and Turkish claims about the extent of the massacres after the April Uprising vary widely. Macdermott says that 30,000 Bulgarians were killed, while some British press reports claimed as many as 100,000 died at Turkish hands. Shaw places the number of Christian dead in Bulgaria at 4,000 but admits that far more Muslims died. Furthermore, there was "some massacre and countermassacre between Muslim and Christian villages." Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution, and Republic, p. 162; for more on the role of the British press in the early stages of this cri­ sis, see Ann Pottinger Saab, Reluctant Icon: Gladstone, Bulgaria, and the Working Class, 1856-1878 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991), pp. 82-90; Mihailo D. Stojanovic, The Great Powers and the Balkans, 1875-1878 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), pp. 130--132. 33. Bart McDowell, Gypsies: Wanderers of the World (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1970), p. 119; B. H. Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 1870-1880 (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1962), pp. 337-338; R.W. Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, 1801-1917 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967), pp. 453-456; Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, p. 296. The Turks suffered 10,000 casualties in August 1877 at Shipka Pass, at which there were several other important battles during the war. Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution and Republic, pp. 184-186. 34. Stojanovic, Great Powers, p. 232; Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 298-299; Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution and Republic, p. 188. 35. Macdermott, History ofBulgaria, pp. 308-309; Stojanovic, Great Powers, pp. 280--281; oddly enough, a peculiar Gypsy presence was felt at the Berlin talks. The British foreign secretary, the Marquis of Salisbury, later described Count Julius Andrassy, the Austro­ Hungarian foreign minister, as looking "thinner and gypsyer" at the gathering. Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, pp. 507, 526-528; Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution and Republic, pp. 188, 190--191; Crampton, Modern Bulgaria, pp. 19-20. 36. Crampton, Modern Bulgaria, pp. 21-31; Macdermott, History of Bulgaria, pp. 311-342 passim; Shaw and Shaw, Reform, Revolution and Republic, p.
Recommended publications
  • Romani Syntactic Typology Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras
    Romani Syntactic Typology Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras To cite this version: Evangelia Adamou, Yaron Matras. Romani Syntactic Typology. Yaron Matras; Anton Tenser. The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Springer, pp.187-227, 2020, 978-3-030-28104- 5. 10.1007/978-3-030-28105-2_7. halshs-02965238 HAL Id: halshs-02965238 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02965238 Submitted on 13 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Romani syntactic typology Evangelia Adamou and Yaron Matras 1. State of the art This chapter presents an overview of the principal syntactic-typological features of Romani dialects. It draws on the discussion in Matras (2002, chapter 7) while taking into consideration more recent studies. In particular, we draw on the wealth of morpho- syntactic data that have since become available via the Romani Morpho-Syntax (RMS) database.1 The RMS data are based on responses to the Romani Morpho-Syntax questionnaire recorded from Romani speaking communities across Europe and beyond. We try to take into account a representative sample. We also take into consideration data from free-speech recordings available in the RMS database and the Pangloss Collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Hadtudományi Szemle
    AZ NKE HHK TUDOMÁNYOS FOLYÓIRATA TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNY HADTUDOMÁNYI SZEMLE Budapest, 2012. 5. évfolyam 1-2. szám TÓTH Csaba THOUGHTS ON ROMA SELF - ORGANIZATION AND ITS RESULTS IN THE MIRROR OF RECENT DECADES Sitting in front of television or using the Internet, people nowadays meet a flood of information. From time to time, the Hungarian media cover events in connection with the Roma as leading news. In multinational countries, however, any news items get the spotlight if someone from the minority living in the country is involved even if superficially. History books also reveal that minority questions have been in existence for a longer period of time than the recent decades. Considering the number of people living in multinational states, in a way, 90 % of humanity are involved in minority issues. 1 In Hungary, the Romani people make the largest minority group whose national roots can be traced and who live in their own community, but cannot be connected to any particular nation state. Apart from their culture and language, which they share, Romani people do not have anything from the cohesive elements capable to make them a nation. 2 According to the Council of Europe the situation of Romani people is specific compared with other ethnic minorities: ”The Roma form a special minority group, insofar they have a double minority status. They are an ethnic community and most of them belong to the socially disadvantaged groups of the society.” 3 Romani ethnic groups are widely dispersed all over the world. All ethnic groups that identify themselves and mutually recognize one another Gypsies or Roma, belong to Romani ethnicity.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2011 Angelo Roncalli (John XXIII) Synopsis of Documents
    January 2011 Angelo Roncalli (John XXIII) Synopsis of Documents Introduction: When reviewing Angelo Roncalli's activities in favor of the Jewish people across many years, one may distinguish three parts; the first, during the years 1940-1944, when he served as Apostolic Delegate of the Vatican in Istanbul, Turkey, with responsibility over the Balkan region. The second, as a Nuncio in France, in 1947, on the eve of the United Nations decision on the creation of a Jewish state. Finally, in 1963, as Pope John XXIII, when he brought about a radical positive change in the Church's position of the Jewish people. 1) As the Apostolic Delegate in Istanbul, during the Holocaust years, Roncalli aided in various ways Jewish refugees who were in transit in Turkey, including facilitating their continued migration to Palestine. His door was always open to the representatives of Jewish Palestine, and especially to Chaim Barlas, of the Jewish Agency, who asked for his intervention in the rescue of Jews. Among his actions, one may mention his intervention with the Slovakian government to allow the exodus of Jewish children; his appeal to King Boris II of Bulgaria not to allow his country's Jews to be turned over to the Germans; his consent to transmit via the diplomatic courier to his colleague in Budapest, the Nuncio Angelo Rotta, various documents of the Jewish Agency, in order to be further forwarded to Jewish operatives in Budapest; valuable documents to aid in the protection of Jews who were authorized by the British to enter Palestine. Finally, above all -- his constant pleadings with his elders in the Vatican to aid Jews in various countries, who were in danger of deportation by the Nazis.
    [Show full text]
  • Comac Medical NLSP2 Thefo
    Issue May/14 No.2 Copyright © 2014 Comac Medical. All rights reserved Dear Colleagues, The Newsletter Special Edition No.2 is dedicated to the 1150 years of the Moravian Mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius and 1150 years of the official declaration of Christianity as state religion in Bulgaria by Tsar Boris I and imposition of official policy of literacy due to the emergence of the fourth sacral language in Europe. We are proudly presenting: • PUBLISHED BY COMAC-MEDICAL • ~Page I~ SS. CIRYL AND METHODIUS AND THE BULGARIAN ALPHABET By rescuing the creation of Cyril and Methodius, Bulgaria has earned the admiration and respect of not only the Slav peoples but of all other peoples in the world and these attitudes will not cease till mankind keeps implying real meaning in notions like progress, culture “and humanity. Bulgaria has not only saved the great creation of Cyril and Methodius from complete obliteration but within its territories it also developed, enriched and perfected this priceless heritage (...) Bulgaria became a living hearth of vigorous cultural activity while, back then, many other people were enslaved by ignorance and obscurity (…) Тhe language “ of this first hayday of Slavonic literature and culture was not other but Old Bulgarian. This language survived all attempts by foreign invaders for eradication thanks to the firmness of the Bulgarian people, to its determination to preserve what is Bulgarian, especially the Bulgarian language which has often been endangered but has never been subjugated… -Prof. Roger Bernard, French Slavist Those who think of Bulgaria as a kind of a new state (…), those who have heard of the Balkans only as the “powder keg of Europe”, those cannot remember that “Bulgaria was once a powerful kingdom and an active player in the big politics of medieval Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Race' and Diaspora: Romani Music Making in Ostrava, Czech Republic
    Music, ‘Race’ and Diaspora: Romani Music Making in Ostrava, Czech Republic Melissa Wynne Elliott 2005 School of Oriental and African Studies University of London PhD ProQuest Number: 10731268 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731268 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This thesis is a contribution towards an historically informed understanding of contemporary music making amongst Roma in Ostrava, Czech Republic. It also challenges, from a theoretical perspective, conceptions of relationships between music and discourses of ‘race’. My research is based on fieldwork conducted in Ostrava, between August 2003 and July 2004 and East Slovakia in July 2004, as well as archival research in Ostrava and Vienna. These fieldwork experiences compelled me to explore music and ideas of ‘race’ through discourses of diaspora in order to assist in conceptualising and interpreting Romani music making in Ostrava. The vast majority of Roma in Ostrava are post-World War II emigres or descendants of emigres from East Slovakia. In contemporary Ostrava, most Roma live on the socio­ economic margins and are most often regarded as a separate ‘race’ with a separate culture from the dominant population.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genocide of Roma and Sinti Their Political Movement from the Perspective of Social Trauma Theory
    S: I. M. O. N. SHOAH: I NTERVENTION. M ETHODS. DOCUMENTATION. Sławomir Kapralski The Genocide of Roma and Sinti Their Political Movement from the Perspective of Social Trauma Theory Abstract It is argued in this paper that Roma and Sinti memories of the genocide during the Second World War did not form a coherent picture of the past that would be widely shared among them. Therefore, the recent spread of memorialization and commemoration of the genocide of Roma and Sinti shall be interpreted as a process of the social construction of trauma in which memory increasingly becomes a marker of identity, not just the recollection of the past. The article presents the consequences of the genocide of Roma and Sinti for their post- war situation and the emergence of the memory of the genocide within their political move- ment, both on the local and transnational levels. Drawing on Jeffrey Alexander’s social theory of trauma, I argue that Roma and Sinti do remember the Nazi persecution, that these memories are fragmented and incoherent largely because of the nature of the crimes com- mitted on them by National Socialism, and that their self-definition as victims of genocide is a social construction embedded in their struggle for empowerment. The genocide of Roma and Sinti during the Second World War was a result of a complicated process in which the old anti-Gypsy measures and policies merged with the Nazi regulations based on racist ideology. The process was largely inconsistent and de-centred, although based on a general consensus among its perpetrators.
    [Show full text]
  • Holocaust Remembrance and Representation Documentation from a Research Conference
    Holocaust Remembrance and Representation Documentation from a Research Conference Research anthology of the Inquiry on a Museum about the Holocaust Stockholm 2020 Swedish Government Official Reports SOU 2020:21 Layout: Committee Service Unit, Government Offices of Sweden Cover: Elanders Sverige AB Printed by: Elanders Sverige AB, Stockholm 2020 ISBN 978-91-38-25044-0 ISSN 0375-250X Preface This anthology is the documentation from the international research conference on Holocaust remembrance and representation held in Stockholm in February 12–13 2020 arranged by the Inquiry on a Museum about the Holocaust (Ku 2019:01). It contains the keynotes and papers presented at the conference as well as summaries of the panel discussions. The conference was an important input for the inquiry in putting together its report. The mission of the inquiry was to propose how a museum to pre- serve the memory of the Holocaust in Sweden should be established. The terms of reference for the inquiry points out that stories from survivors with a connection to Sweden should be of central impor- tance. The museum should also be able to describe the Holocaust in a broad historical context as well as Sweden’s role during the Second World War. The museum should have a strong foundation in current research on the Second World War and the Holocaust, and establish international networks, both within research and with other museums focused on the Holocaust. One important part of the task was to gather knowledge and infor- mation from scholars, museums, government authorities, civil society and other organizations currently working on issues relating to the Holocaust, in Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposition Mémorial De Caen 2 Juin > 15 Septembre
    photos EXPOSITION MÉMORIAL DE CAEN 2 JUIN > 15 SEPTEMBRE DOSSIER DE PRESSE © Photo : Charlie Cole, USA, Cole, : Charlie Newsweek © Photo Exposition en partenariat avec la Fondation Depuis plus de 60 ans, le concours annuel World Press Photo récompense les auteurs des meilleures photographies ayant contribué, pour l’année écoulée, au journalisme visuel. Des instants clés de l’histoire, revisités à travers 30 clichés emblématiques ayant obtenu le prix World Press Photo of the Year au cours des 30 dernières années, illustrent le meilleur du photojournalisme depuis la chute du mur de Berlin. Cette exposition unique sensibilise le public aux problé- matiques mondiales à travers des témoignages directs World Press Photo // 1996 des événements historiques et met le photojournalisme à Lucian Perkins, États-Unis, The Washington Post l’honneur via le travail de la Fondation World Press Photo. Tchétchénie. Bus sur la route qui mène à Grozny lors des affrontements entre les combattants pour l’indépendance Les clichés exposés sont accompagnés de vidéos de la Tchétchénie et les troupes russes. d’archives dans lesquelles les juges et les photographes du concours commentent les photos, mais également d’outils d’apprentissage numérique spécifiquement créés pour l’exposition. Revisiter les clichés emblématiques de ces trente dernières « 30 ans en années nous aide à apprécier les images d’aujourd’hui. Au sein d’une ère marquée par l’image, la consommation des médias et la nouvelle génération technophile, les 30 photos » expositions photographiques nous réunissent, brisent les mythes et offrent une expérience éducative inoubliable qui nous permet d’approfondir notre compréhension du Exposition présentée du monde au travers de récits historiques complexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiating Roma Identity in Contemporary Urban Romania: an Ethnographic Study
    NEGOTIATING ROMA IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY URBAN ROMANIA: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY Anca N. Birzescu A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2013 Committee: Radhika Gajjala, Advisor Karen M. Kakas Graduate Faculty Representative Lara Martin Lengel Lynda Dixon © 2013 Anca Birzescu All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Radhika Gajjala, Advisor This dissertation is a critical ethnography of the Roma ethnic minority in post- communist Romania within the socio-economic and political context of the country’s post-accession to the European Union. The focus broadly is on the identity negotiation of the Roma minority in Romanian urban space. To this end, I explore Roma communicative practices in capital city of Bucharest. I examine the urban intercultural contact zones that represent Roma-non Roma relations and interactions. I draw on the productive “travelling” postcolonial theories and translate them into an examination of the Roma minority in Romanian physical space. My ethnography is informed by postcolonial theoretical frameworks that challenge the seemingly dichotomous colonizer/colonized relation. I look at discursive practices among Roma individuals suggesting alternative epistemes to allow for a nuanced understanding of the Roma-non Roma encounter. My methods include in-depth interviews, participant observation, and direct observation. The personal narratives of the 35 participants involved in this study emphasize a range of identity negotiation patterns. These reveal in turn complex, interrelated configurations of internalized oppression, passing, and hybridity that make possible both resistance and conformity to the dominant cultural production of the Gypsy Other.
    [Show full text]
  • Christopher Sims Chrissimsprojects.Com EDUCATION
    Christopher Sims chrissimsprojects.com EDUCATION 2008 MFA, Studio Art. Maryland Institute College of Art. 2003 MA, Visual Communication. School of Journalism and Mass Communication. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1995 BA, History, cum laude. Duke University. 1993/4 German Studies and Documentary Film, University of Würzburg, Germany. AWARDS 2019 Global Seed Grant. Franklin Humanities Institute and the Office of Global Affairs/Mellon Global Enhancement Fund. Duke University. 2019 Faculty Research Grant. Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University. 2018 Short List, Kolga Tbilisi Photo Festival. 2018 International Studies Grant. Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation Endowment Fund. 2018 Short List, FestFoto, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 2017 Archie Green Fellowship. American Folklife Center, U.S. Library of Congress. 2017 Publication Grant. Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. 2016 Artists and Architects Study Grant. German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). 2016 Faculty Research Grant. Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University. 2016 International Studies Grant. Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation Endowment Fund. 2016 Short List, RADAR Prize. Spain. 2015 Arte Laguna Prize for Photographic Art. Organized by the Italian Cultural Association MoCA, with support from the Italian Head of State, and the patronage of, among others, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Veneto Region, and the European Institute of Design (IED). 2015 Regional Artist Grant. ArtsGreensboro. 2015 Collaboration Development Grant. Council for the Arts, Duke University. 2015 Goethe-Institut Fellowship. German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). 2015 Duke Initiative for Science & Society Photography Award. 2012 “100 Under 100: Superstar of Southern Art.” Oxford American. 2012 Short List, Athens Photo Festival. 2011 Short List, Forward Thinking Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism
    UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism Symposium Proceedings W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism Symposium Proceedings CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2002 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Third printing, July 2004 Copyright © 2002 by Ian Hancock, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Michael Zimmermann, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Guenter Lewy, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Mark Biondich, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Denis Peschanski, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Viorel Achim, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by David M. Crowe, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................................i Paul A. Shapiro and Robert M. Ehrenreich Romani Americans (“Gypsies”).......................................................................................................1 Ian
    [Show full text]
  • Nominalia of the Bulgarian Rulers an Essay by Ilia Curto Pelle
    Nominalia of the Bulgarian rulers An essay by Ilia Curto Pelle Bulgaria is a country with a rich history, spanning over a millennium and a half. However, most Bulgarians are unaware of their origins. To be honest, the quantity of information involved can be overwhelming, but once someone becomes invested in it, he or she can witness a tale of the rise and fall, steppe khans and Christian emperors, saints and murderers of the three Bulgarian Empires. As delving deep in the history of Bulgaria would take volumes upon volumes of work, in this essay I have tried simply to create a list of all Bulgarian rulers we know about by using different sources. So, let’s get to it. Despite there being many theories for the origin of the Bulgars, the only one that can show a historical document supporting it is the Hunnic one. This document is the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, dating back to the 8th or 9th century, which mentions Avitohol/Attila the Hun as the first Bulgarian khan. However, it is not clear when the Bulgars first joined the Hunnic Empire. It is for this reason that all the Hunnic rulers we know about will also be included in this list as khans of the Bulgars. The rulers of the Bulgars and Bulgaria carry the titles of khan, knyaz, emir, elteber, president, and tsar. This list recognizes as rulers those people, who were either crowned as any of the above, were declared as such by the people, despite not having an official coronation, or had any possession of historical Bulgarian lands (in modern day Bulgaria, southern Romania, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, and northern Greece), while being of royal descent or a part of the royal family.
    [Show full text]