DOCSLIB.ORG

Differences in Sterol Composition of Gonads of the Lottiid Limpets

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Differences in Sterol Composition of Gonads of the Lottiid Limpets Journal of Oleo Science Copyright ©2011 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society J. Oleo Sci. 60, (10) 501-504 (2011) NOTE Differences in Sterol Composition of Gonads of the Lottiid Limpets Nipponacmea concinna and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis from Northeastern Japan Hideki Kawashima1＊ , Masao Ohnishi2 and Satoshi Ogawa3 1 Bioscience Laboratory, Miyako College, Iwate Prefectural University (1-5-1 Kanan, Miyako, Iwate 027-0039, JAPAN) 2 Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, JAPAN) 3 Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University (4-3-5 Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, JAPAN) Abstract: This is the first report on the sterol composition in Nipponacmea concinna and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis, 2 dominant species of lottiid limpets. There were signifi cant differences in sterol composition between male and female gonads of the limpets. Previous studies have shown that zymostenol and zymosterol are major lipid components of male gonads of the nacellid limpets Cellana grata and Cellana toreuma. In contrast, in this study, only trace amounts of zymosterol were detected in male gonads of N. fuscoviridis. Key words: gastropod, limpet, Nipponacmea concinna, Nipponacmea fuscoviridis, sterol composition 1 INTRODUCTION gonads（the oocytes and sperm）of N. fuscoviridis13）are Limpets, which are among the most common mollusks of currently being used in a developmental study on fertiliza- the class Gastropoda living in most intertidal rock shores tion in invertebrate marine organisms, very little is known worldwide, are model invertebrate animals for ecological about the composition and distribution of sterols in these 2 and physiological research1, 2）as well as for environmental limpet species. In this study, we analyzed whether sexual assessment studies3－5）of potential pollution sources. differences in sterol composition exist in N. concinna and However, except for some species6－12）, comparative bio- N. fuscoviridis and compared the results with our previ- chemical studies of intrinsic characteristics of limpets are ous studies on the sterol composition of C. grata and C. limited. In previous studies on fatty acid and sterol compo- toreuma7）. The results may provide further key insights nents in limpets from northeastern Japan6－11）, we showed into mechanisms that regulate the reproductive cycle in marked sex-related differences in sterol composition gonads of marine mollusks. between male（testis）and female（ovary）gonads of 2 repre- sentative dominant limpet species, Cellana grata and Cellana toreuma from the family Nacellidae, which is one of the most primitive gastropod families. We identifi ed cho- 2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES lesterol and desmosterol as major sterol components and 2.1 Sampling of limpets and extraction of lipids found high levels of the unusual cholesterol precursors Δ8- Sampling of the lottiid limpets N. concinna（mean shell sterols, namely, zymostenol and zymosterol, in male length, 28.2±3.4 mm, n＝35）and N. fuscoviridis（mean gonads7）. These findings prompted us to further evaluate shell length, 17.6±2.1 mm, n＝50）from Kirikiri, Iwate Pre- the sexual differences in the level of the most abundant fecture, northeastern Japan, was performed between sterols in other dominant limpet species widely distributed October and November 2009. After sampling, all limpets in Japan. Although Nipponacmea concinna and Nippon- were immediately dissected in the laboratory. The sex was acmea fuscoviridis are the most abundant and represen- determined by microscopic examination, and the gonads tative limpets of the Lottiidae family in Japan, and the were distinguished as male or female. The muscle and ＊Correspondence to: Hideki Kawashima, Bioscience Laboratory, Miyako College, Iwate Prefectural University, 1-5-1 Kanan, Miyako, Iwate 027-0039, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected] Accepted June 10, 2011 (received for review March 31, 2011) Journal of Oleo Science ISSN 1345-8957 print / ISSN 1347-3352 online http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jos/ http://mc.manusriptcentral.com/jjocs 501 H. Kawashima, M. Ohnishi and S. Ogawa gonad from male and female of each limpet were dissected tissues of N. concinna and N. fuscoviridis are shown in and separated. Each group of muscle and gonad tissues Table 1. In this study, 10 types of sterols were identifi ed by （0.5－1.0 g）was suspended in 15 mL of a mixture of chlo- GC-MS analysis of their TMS derivatives（Table 2）. roform-methanol（2:1, v/v）and then homogenized for 30 s In muscle samples of N. concinna and N. fuscoviridis, at 13,000 rpm by using an IKA Ultra Turrax T25 Basic ho- cholesterol was the most abundant sterol, followed by des- mogenizer（IKA Japan KK, Nara, Japan）. Lipids were ex- mosterol. No signifi cant differences were observed between tracted by the methods described by Bligh and Dyer14）. The the sterol composition of male and female muscles of Nip- different lipid classes were analyzed by thin-layer chroma- ponacmea species, which is in agreement with our previ- tography on silica gel 60 G plates（Merck, Darmstadt, ous results on lipid composition in Cellana spp7）. In con- Germany）as described previously15）. trast, the cholesterol levels in the muscles of Nipponacmea species were higher than those of Cellana 2.2 Extraction of sterols spp. The difference in cholesterol level may be due to dif- Each sample of total lipids（1－2 mg）was saponified as ferences in sterol biosynthesis or in the limpets’ diet. described previosly7）. After extraction of sterols, samples No significant differences were observed in the sterol were converted into their TMS derivatives and analyzed as composition of muscle tissues in the 2 Nipponacmea spp. described below. In contrast, sexual differences in sterol composition in gonads between the 2 Nipponacmea spp., as well as 2.3 Preparation of TMS derivatives, and identification among those of the genus Cellana7）, were signifi cant. Cho- and determination of sterols lesterol and desmosterol, which belong to the Δ5-sterol Preparation of TMS derivatives and GC and GC-MS anal- group, are the dominant sterols in both the Cellana and yses were carried out as described previously7, 15）. The Nipponacmea genera. Zymostenol and zymosterol, which identifi cation of free sterols and their TMS derivatives was belong to the Δ8-sterol group, were present as major com- confirmed by comparing their mass spectral data with ponents of male gonad lipids of Cellana species7）. In con- those obtained for authentic and laboratory standards. The trast, in this study, only trace amounts of zymosterol were sterol contents in limpet tissues were determined by a Shi- found in male gonads of N. fuscoviridis, and neither zy- madzu GC-1700 chromatograph equipped with an FID and mostenol nor zymosterol were detected in those of N. con- an SAC-5（30 m×0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness; cinna. Supelco, Bellefonte, PA）. 5α-cholestane was used as an in- The existence of both cholesterol and desmosterol as ternal standard（Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO）. major sterol components has mostly been reported in muscle tissues of marine mollusks16）. In this study, at least 2.4 Statistical analyses 10 types of sterols, including 3 minor ones, were identifi ed The procedures were repeated 3 or 4 times for indepen- in limpet gonads. Desmosterol is generally abundant in dent sets of pooled male or female muscle or gonad many red algae17）living on rocky shores. The differences in samples. Data are expressed as mean±SD. Statistical com- sterol composition between different genera of limpets parisons between sterols of male and female limpets were may be linked either to the limpets’ ability to synthesize made using Student’s t-test. A value of P＜0.05 was con- sterols or to their diet12）; however, the various causes for sidered signifi cant. these differences have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the identifi cation of fecal sterol components from limpets may provide further insights into the relationship between sterol composition and the limpets’ food supply. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As compared to our previous results7）, the sterol compo- Total lipid and sterol contents of the muscle and gonad sition in gonads of N. concinna and N. fuscoviridis was Table 1 Total lipid and sterol contents of the lottiid limpets N. concinna and N. fuscoviridis from northeastern Japan. Muscle Gonads N. concinna N. fuscoviridis N. concinna N. fuscoviridis Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Total lipid (%) 0.9±0.2a 0.7±0.1 0.7±0.5 1.0±0.3 2.7±0.4 6.1±1.0 2.6±0.3 3.0±1.2 Sterol (%)b 14.7±1.1 15.2±2.5 14.2±1.8 17.5±1.1 10.6±2.0 4.7±0.3 9.4±0.6 5.3±0.7 a Data are mean±SD (n = 3). b Results are expressed as weight percent of total lipid. 502 J. Oleo Sci. 60, (10) 501-504 (2011) Differences in Sterol Composition of Limpets Table 2 Sterol composition in muscle and gonads of the lottiid limpets N. concinna and N. fuscoviridis from northeastern Japan. Muscle Gonads Sterol N. concinna N. fuscoviridis N. concinna N. fuscoviridis Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Cholesterol 93.5±0.8 92.9±1.2 91.4±1.2 92.8±1.5 68.1±1.1＊ 90.5±2.0 68.7±1.5＊ 86.7±3.6 Cholestanol 1.4±0.1 1.2±0.2 0.6±0.4 ＜0.1 0.7±0.2 1.0±0.2 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 Zymostenol －－－－－－－－ Desmosterol 3.3±0.4 3.7±0.5 4.8±0.8 4.0±0.2 27.1±1.9＊ 4.9±1.1 25.1±3.1＊ 8.9±3.7 Brassicasterol/Crinosterol 0.7±0.5 1.1±0.1 0.8±0.2 0.8±0.5 1.7±0.5 1.2±0.5 1.2±0.7 1.1±0.3 Lathosterol －－－－ － －＜0.1 ＜0.1 Zymosterol －－－－ － －＜0.1 － 24-Methylenecholesterol 0.5±0.5 0.5±0.4 1.1±0.3 0.5±0.5 1.0±0.2 1.3±0.2 1.4±0.5 1.5±0.3 24-Methylcholesterol/ 0.2±0.2 0.4±0.5 1.2±0.1 1.3±0.2 0.4±0.4 0.8±0.4 1.6±0.3 1.4±0.9 Dihydrobrassicasterol Sitosterol/Clionasterol －－＜0.1 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 0.3±0.3 ＜0.1 Isofucosterol －－＜0.1 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 ＜0.1 0.2±0.1 ＜0.1 Unidentifi ed 0.4±0.3 0.2±0.2 0.1±0.1 0.6±0.5 1.0±0.2 0.3±0.1 1.5±1.4 0.4±0.5 Values are presented as mean±SD (n = 3 or 4).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ministério Da Educação Universidade Federal Rural Da Amazônia
    MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DA AMAZÔNIA TAIANA AMANDA FONSECA DOS PASSOS Biologia reprodutiva de Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908) (Gastropoda: Nacellidae) do sublitoral da Ilha do Rei George, Península Antártica BELÉM 2018 TAIANA AMANDA FONSECA DOS PASSOS Biologia reprodutiva de Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908) (Gastropoda: Nacellidae) do sublitoral da Ilha do Rei George, Península Antártica Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) apresentado ao curso de Graduação em Engenharia de Pesca da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) como requisito necessário para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Engenharia de Pesca. Área de concentração: Ecologia Aquática. Orientador: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Marko Herrmann. Coorientadora: Dra. Maria Carla de Aranzamendi. BELÉM 2018 TAIANA AMANDA FONSECA DOS PASSOS Biologia reprodutiva de Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908) (Gastropoda: Nacellidae) do sublitoral da Ilha do Rei George, Península Antártica Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, como parte das exigências do Curso de Graduação em Engenharia de Pesca, para a obtenção do título de bacharel. Área de concentração: Ecologia Aquática. ______________________________________ Data da aprovação Banca examinadora __________________________________________ Presidente da banca Prof. Dr. Breno Gustavo Bezerra Costa Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA __________________________________________ Membro 1 Prof. Dr. Lauro Satoru Itó Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA __________________________________________ Membro 2 Profa. Msc. Rosália Furtado Cutrim Souza Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA Aos meus sobrinhos, Tháina, Kauã e Laura. “Cabe a nós criarmos crianças que não tenham preconceitos, crianças capazes de ser solidárias e capazes de sentir compaixão! Cabe a nós sermos exemplos”. AGRADECIMENTOS Certamente algumas páginas não irão descrever os meus sinceros agradecimentos a todos aqueles que cooperaram de alguma forma, para que eu pudesse realizar este sonho.
    [Show full text]
  • ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS of TROPICAL LIMPET Cellana Testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) LIVING on the ROCKY SHORE of OHOIWAIT, SOUTHEAST MOLUCCAS, INDONESIA
    Journal of Coastal Deveolpment ISSN : 1410-5217 Volume 11, Number 2, February 2008 : 89-96 ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS OF TROPICAL LIMPET Cellana testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) LIVING ON THE ROCKY SHORE OF OHOIWAIT, SOUTHEAST MOLUCCAS, INDONESIA Abraham Seumel Khouw Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon Indonesia Received : November, 2, 2007 ; Accepted :January,4, 2008 ABSTRACT Study on ecological energetics of tropical limpet C. testudinaria has been carried out at approximately one year from October 2001 to September 2002. Population energy budgets estimated on the assumption of steady state conditions for C. testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) on the rocky shore of Ohoiwait, are presented. Large difference in population structure, and hence energetics, occurred at different localities along the rocky shore. Relatively high proportions (98 %) of the assimilated energy was lost via metabolism. Assimilation efficiency is 39 %, net growth efficiency is 1.8 %, and ecological efficiency 0.3 %. Production (P), energy flow (A) and total energy consumption (C) were expressed as functions of animal size, in order to facilitate gross estimations of the energy component for which data on size frequency and density are available. Key words: ecological energetics, cellana testudinaria, energy components Correspondence: Phone : +6281343044295, e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Cellana testudinaria is intertidal, grazing Little has been published on the gastropod abundant on medium to very ecology of C. testudinaria. Khouw (2002) exposed rocky shores of Ohoiwait. The discussed their growth pattern and shell species shows marked zonation, with only a shape variation in relation to zonal little overlap between zones. C. testudinaria distribution. Distribution, abundance, and occurs at several spatial and temporal scales biomass were investigated by Khouw from the extreme low water spring tide (2006a) and presented evidence for the (ELWST) to the extreme high water spring effects of drying.
    [Show full text]
  • JMS 70 1 031-041 Eyh003 FINAL
    PHYLOGENY AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LIMPETS OF THE ORDER PATELLOGASTROPODA BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCES TOMOYUKI NAKANO AND TOMOWO OZAWA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602,Japan (Received 29 March 2003; accepted 6June 2003) ABSTRACT Using new and previously published sequences of two mitochondrial genes (fragments of 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA; total 700 sites), we constructed a molecular phylogeny for 86 extant species, covering a major part of the order Patellogastropoda. There were 35 lottiid, one acmaeid, five nacellid and two patellid species from the western and northern Pacific; and 34 patellid, six nacellid and three lottiid species from the Atlantic, southern Africa, Antarctica and Australia. Emarginula foveolata fujitai (Fissurellidae) was used as the outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic trees, the species fall into two major clades with high bootstrap support, designated here as (A) a clade of southern Tethyan origin consisting of superfamily Patelloidea and (B) a clade of tropical Tethyan origin consisting of the Acmaeoidea. Clades A and B were further divided into three and six subclades, respectively, which correspond with geographical distributions of species in the following genus or genera: (AÍ) north­ eastern Atlantic (Patella ); (A2) southern Africa and Australasia ( Scutellastra , Cymbula-and Helcion)', (A3) Antarctic, western Pacific, Australasia ( Nacella and Cellana); (BÍ) western to northwestern Pacific (.Patelloida); (B2) northern Pacific and northeastern Atlantic ( Lottia); (B3) northern Pacific (Lottia and Yayoiacmea); (B4) northwestern Pacific ( Nipponacmea); (B5) northern Pacific (Acmaea-’ânà Niveotectura) and (B6) northeastern Atlantic ( Tectura). Approximate divergence times were estimated using geo­ logical events and the fossil record to determine a reference date.
    [Show full text]
  • The Limpets of Hong Kong with Descriptions of Seven New
    60 DAVID DUDGEON Proceedings, First International Workshop Thompson, C.M. and Sparks, R.E. 1977b. Improbability of dispersal of adult Asiatic on the Malacofauna of clams, Corbicula manilensis via the intestinal tract of migratory waterfowl.American Hong Kong and Southern China, Midland Naturalist 98: 219-213. 23 March — 8 April 1977, Hong Kong Walford, P.R. 1946. A new graphic method of describing growth of animals.Biological Bulletin o f the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole 90: 141-147. Walne, P.R. 1972. The influence of current speed, body size and water temperature on the’ filtration rate o f five species o f bivalves.Journal o f the Marine Biological Asso­ THE LIMPETS OF HONG KONG WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ciation of the United Kingdom 52: 345-374. SEVEN NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES J. Christiaens 2 4 2 7 Justus Lipsiuslaan 26 B3 500, Hasselt, Belgium During the course of the malacological workshop the following stations were vistited: Wu Kwai Sha: a pebble beach, a rocky shore and a mangrove. Tolo Channel: Bluff Head (on the northern shore), Gruff Head (on the exposed southern shore) and Channel Rock, surrounded by coral, in the middle of the channel and reached by diving to a depth o f 10 m. Hong Kong Island: the exposed rocky shore at Wah Fu and the beach and bay at Stanley, the islands of Kat 0 Chau and Ping Chau, the last with a south-western shore exposed to heavy surf and sheltered to the north east. Subsequently two supplementary lots of limpets were received from Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Aus Dem Institut Für Polarökologie Der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel
    Aus dem Institut für Polarökologie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE TROPICAL LIMPET Cellana testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758): INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE ROCKY SHORE BENTHOS OF THE BIG KAI ISLAND, SOUTHEAST MOLLUCCAS, INDONESIA Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Vorgelegt von Abraham Seumel Khouw KIEL 2003 „Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes“ Referent: Priv. –Doz. Dr. D. Piepenburg Korreferent: Prof. Dr. M. Spindler Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 4 December 2003 Zum Druck genehmigt: Kiel, den ................................ Der Dekan ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE TROPICAL LIMPET Cellana testudinaria (LINNAEUS, 1758) : INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE ROCKY SHORE BENTHOS OF THE BIG KAI ISLAND, SOUTHEAST MOLLUCCAS, INDONESIA Dedication This thesis is dedicated to : my beloved wife Costavina Litamahuputty and our son Winfield Bierhoff Khouw Da ist das Meer – so unendlich groß und weit, unzählbar sind die Tiere darin, große wie kleine Psalm 104, 25 Es lobe IHN Himmel und Erde, die Meere mit allem, was sich darin regt. Psalm 69, 35 © A.S.Khouw ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS So many people have worked so hard and supported me so much to make this thesis possible. Words alone cannot express my appreciation. I am truly grateful for all their help and encouragement. First and foremost, I would like to thank Priv. Doz. Dr. D. Piepenburg who supervised me and to whom I will be eternally indebted for the surveillance, guidance, support and opportunity that he has given me. I hope that one day I will be able to return all his efforts to my students in Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Partitioning and Thermal Tolerance in a Tropical Limpet, Cellana Grata
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 124: 89-103, I995 Published August 10 Mar Ecol Prog Ser l Habitat partitioning and thermal tolerance in a tropical limpet, Cellana grata Gray A. Williams*,David Morritt" The Swire Institute of Marine Science and Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong ABSTRACT: Populations of the tropical limpet Cellana grata Gould were studied on exposed shores around Cape d'Aguilar, Hong Kong. C. grata is a high shore species, the zonation pattern of which varies seasonally, shifting downwards in association with increasing summer temperatures. C. grata is a non-homing species and was active (foraging) whilst awash by the tide, moving up and down the shore with the flood and ebb tides, respectively. Limpets moved up to 1 m in the vertical plane over a tidal cycle. When not foraging limpets took refuge in habitats that reduced the effects of high temper- ature and desiccation stress. Temperature measurements of individuals and their physical environment showed that the quality of these refuges varied both spatially and temporally. Horizontal rock surfaces were hotter than vertical surfaces; limpet body temperatures and habitat temperatures in refuges (crevices,pool interfaces and east-facing vertical surfaces) were consistantly cooler than adjacent habi- tats by 3 to 8°C and limpet body temperatures were usually 2°C warmer than the rock they rested on. Experimental manipulations with specimens restrained 0.5 m above their normal resting height or on horizontal rock surfaces and prevented from returning to refuges caused desiccation, osmotic stress and, in many cases, death as a consequence of prolonged emersion In these sub-optimal habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasticity in the Temporal Organization of Behaviour in the Limpet Cellana Grata
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Florence Research Mar Biol (2011) 158:1377–1386 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1656-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Plasticity in the temporal organization of behaviour in the limpet Cellana grata Giacomo Santini • Avis Ngan • Gray A. Williams Received: 2 August 2010 / Accepted: 22 February 2011 / Published online: 13 March 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract The behaviour of intertidal consumers is often Introduction tightly constrained to tidal movements, although activity patterns can vary within these constraints. Spatio-temporal Rocky intertidal organisms are strongly influenced by fluc- variability in behaviour of a limpet, Cellana grata, was tuations in stress levels due to natural variations in their analysed over different tidal conditions (spring and neap environment (Branch 1981; Garrity 1984; McMahon 1990; tides) and during different times of the year (one summer Denny and Wethey 2001; Helmuth 2002). These fluctua- and one winter) at sites in Hong Kong. Activity was gen- tions are usually cyclical and mobile organisms often exhibit erally dictated by tidal movements, being concentrated behavioural patterns which are consistent with stress mini- when animals were awash. Plasticity in behaviour was mizing strategies, by matching activity bouts with periods of observed, with some limpets anticipating activity during more favourable conditions (Little 1989; Chapman and the summer period and delaying activity during winter Underwood 1992). Such favourable periods may be tem- time. Limpets were active for a time equal, or slightly less, porally consistent, resulting in rhythmicity in the animals’ than time awash. As the time awash exceeded *14–16 h, activities (Della Santina and Chelazzi 1991; Della Santina however, activity duration decreased.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Reveal Patterns of Species Diversity Among
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN DNA barcoding reveal patterns of species diversity among northwestern Pacific molluscs Received: 04 April 2016 Shao’e Sun, Qi Li, Lingfeng Kong, Hong Yu, Xiaodong Zheng, Ruihai Yu, Lina Dai, Yan Sun, Accepted: 25 August 2016 Jun Chen, Jun Liu, Lehai Ni, Yanwei Feng, Zhenzhen Yu, Shanmei Zou & Jiping Lin Published: 19 September 2016 This study represents the first comprehensive molecular assessment of northwestern Pacific molluscs. In total, 2801 DNA barcodes belonging to 569 species from China, Japan and Korea were analyzed. An overlap between intra- and interspecific genetic distances was present in 71 species. We tested the efficacy of this library by simulating a sequence-based specimen identification scenario using Best Match (BM), Best Close Match (BCM) and All Species Barcode (ASB) criteria with three threshold values. BM approach returned 89.15% true identifications (95.27% when excluding singletons). The highest success rate of congruent identifications was obtained with BCM at 0.053 threshold. The analysis of our barcode library together with public data resulted in 582 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 72.2% of which was found to be concordantly with morphology-based identifications. The discrepancies were divided in two groups: sequences from different species clustered in a single BIN and conspecific sequences divided in one more BINs. In Neighbour-Joining phenogram, 2,320 (83.0%) queries fromed 355 (62.4%) species-specific barcode clusters allowing their successful identification. 33 species showed paraphyletic and haplotype sharing. 62 cases are represented by deeply diverged lineages. This study suggest an increased species diversity in this region, highlighting taxonomic revision and conservation strategy for the cryptic complexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 13.5 Marine Ecology Field Survey Result Excluding CWD
    Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System Environmental Impact Assessment Report Appendix 13.5 Marine Ecology Field Survey Result Excluding CWD 308875/ENL/ENL/03/07/C March 2014 P:\Hong Kong\ENL\PROJECTS\308875 3rd runway\03 Deliverables\07 Final EIA Report\Appendices\Ch 13 Marine Ecology\Appendix 13.5 Marine Ecological Field Survey Result (Excluding CWD).doc 1 Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System Environmental Impact Assessment Report 1. Baseline Conditons of Subtidal Shore and Coral Communities The marine waters in the North Western Water Control Zone support both subtidal hard and soft bottom assemblages. The locations with coral communities of conservation importance recorded are shown in the habitat maps Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/13-014 to Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/13-020 . 1.1 Subtidal Hard Bottom Assemblages Spot dive surveys and rapid ecological assessments (REAs) at 16 coral survey points for hard bottom coral were undertaken between August 2012and September 2013. Dates for the hard-bottom and soft-bottom coral spot-check dive surveys and REAs are given in Table 1.1. Table 1-1: Dates for coral-check dive surveys and REAs (hard-bottom and soft-bottom) Hard-bottom Soft-bottom Location Date Location Date D1 9 Aug 2012 C1 10 May 2013 D2 9 Aug 2012 C2 14 May 2013 D3 9 Aug 2012 C3 14 May 2013 D4 9 Aug 2012 C4 9 May 2013 D5 9 Aug 2012 C5 9 May 2013 D6 9 Aug 2012 C6 24 May 2013 D7 9 Aug 2012 C7 24 May 2013 D8 9 Aug 2012 C8 10 May 2013 D9 2 Sept 2013 C9 10 May 2013 D10 31 Jul 2013 C10 10 May 2013 D11 31 Jul 2013 C11 24 May 2013 D12 4 Aug 2013 C12 10 May 2013 D13 4 Aug 2013 C13 14 May 2013 D14 31 Jul 2013 C14 14 May 2013 D15 11 Sept 2013 C15 21 May 2013 D16 2 Sept 2013 C16 21 May 2013 - C17 9 May 2013 - C18 9 May 2013 - C19 21 May 2013 - SC2 21 May 2013 - SC10 15 May 2013 - SC12 10 May 2013 Detailed findings of the hard bottom coral dive surveys are provided in Annex A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Lipids and Fatty Acids of Nudibranch Mollusks: Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds
    Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 4578-4592; doi:10.3390/md12084578 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Lipids and Fatty Acids of Nudibranch Mollusks: Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds Natalia V. Zhukova 1,2 1 Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-423-231-0937; Fax: +7-423-231-0900 2 School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia Received: 31 March 2014; in revised form: 7 July 2014 / Accepted: 9 July 2014 / Published: 19 August 2014 Abstract: The molecular diversity of chemical compounds found in marine animals offers a good chance for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds of unique structures and diverse biological activities. Nudibranch mollusks, which are not protected by a shell and produce chemicals for various ecological uses, including defense against predators, have attracted great interest for their lipid composition. Lipid analysis of eight nudibranch species revealed dominant phospholipids, sterols and monoalkyldiacylglycerols. Among polar lipids, 1-alkenyl-2-acyl glycerophospholipids (plasmalogens) and ceramide-aminoethyl phosphonates were found in the mollusks. The fatty acid compositions of the nudibranchs differed greatly from those of other marine gastropods and exhibited a wide diversity: very long chain fatty acids known as demospongic acids, a series of non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids, including unusual 21:2∆7,13, and an abundance of various odd and branched fatty acids typical of bacteria. Symbiotic bacteria revealed in some species of nudibranchs participate presumably in the production of some compounds serving as a chemical defense for the mollusks.
    [Show full text]
  • GROWTH DETERMINATION of TROPICAL LIMPET Cellana Testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) LIVING on the ROCKY SHORE of OHOIWAIT, SOUTHEAST MOLUCCAS, INDONESIA
    Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410 - 5217 Volume 10, Number 2, February 2007 : 89 - 103 Accredited : 23a / Dikti/Kep/ 2004 GROWTH DETERMINATION OF TROPICAL LIMPET Cellana testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) LIVING ON THE ROCKY SHORE OF OHOIWAIT, SOUTHEAST MOLUCCAS, INDONESIA Abraham S Khow*) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon 97123 Indonesia Received : June, 21, 2006 ; Accepted : December, 12 , 2006 ABSTRACT Monthly shell-length frequency distributions were used to analyse the size and age structure of the limpet population inhabiting the rocky shore of Ohoiwait, Southeast Moluccas. The lengths of the collected specimens ranged from 8.0 to 31.8 mm. The analysis of the successive frequency distributions suggested that the population consisted of 4 to 5 distinct age groups (cohorts) at any given time, and that two new cohorts recruited during the one-year investigation period. An analysis to determine growth pattern using FiSAT software showed that the longevity of C. testudinaria extended up to 2 years. The values of von Bertalanffy growth parameters (L∞, K and t0), estimated from size-frequency distributions, were 33.1 mm, 1.4 yr-1, and 0.09, respectively. The highest growth increments were 25% and 18% of the asymptotic length during the first 3 and 6 months, respectively. The effects of environmental variables on the growth rates showed important seasonal variations, with the highest increment of 2.6 mm/month during dry season. Here, growth parameter of C. testudinaria limpet shows the same value as other tropical limpets and depends on environmental variables. Key Words: Shell-length frequency distributions, Growth determination, Cellana testudinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional Agenda
    CBD Distr. GENERAL UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/20/INF/24* 11 April 2016 ENGLISH ONLY SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE Twentieth meeting Montreal, Canada, 25-30 April 2016 Item 4.1 of the provisional agenda** REPORT OF THE REGIONAL WORKSHOP TO FACILITATE THE DESCRIPTION OF ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS IN THE SEAS OF EAST ASIA1 INTRODUCTION 1. At its tenth meeting, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity requested the Executive Secretary to work with Parties and other Governments as well as competent organizations and regional initiatives, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), regional seas conventions and action plans, and, where appropriate, regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) to organize, including the setting of terms of reference, a series of regional workshops, with a primary objective to facilitate the description of ecologically or biologically significant marine areas through the application of scientific criteria in annex I of decision IX/20 as well as other relevant compatible and complementary nationally and intergovernmentally agreed scientific criteria, as well as the scientific guidance on the identification of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, which meet the scientific criteria in annex I to decision IX/20 (paragraph 36 of decision X/29). 2. In the same decision, the Conference of the Parties requested that the Executive Secretary make available the scientific and technical data, and information and results collated through the workshops referred to above to participating Parties, other Governments, intergovernmental agencies and the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) for their use according to their competencies.
    [Show full text]