/I:"'~'':'' ""ardl4ey ~~r(ih~n~UtW;lIM ~" TOTAL TROPICAL PREMIUM FLAKE FOOD

Volmne 25, #7 October 1996

Wardley Total Tropical is the ulti­ mate freshwater flake food, created to provide an extraordinary diet that considers not only your health of today, but their nutritional needs for tomorrow. Better meta­ bolic responses, faster attraction to the food, brilliant color and im­ proved overall heal,th and vitality are only a few of the benefits of feeding Total Tropical as your everyday staple food. Total Tropi­ cal begins where all other staple ,··1 foods leave off. I .QUALlTY PRODUCTS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN FISHKEEPER AUSTRALIA'S PREMIER BRAND Uc(olliart ~ioltltrt fJbOf",eo/j /finc. jPl REGISTERED BY AUSTRALIA POST -- PP3427RO/0024 CONTENTS Scene 2 Editorial 3 Minutes of Previous Meeting 4 Table Show Calendar 7 Rowemin' 'Round 10 Parasitic Worms in 12 Jawlocking 18 Crossword 21 Classifieds 22 Definition and Terms 23

Life Members: Graham Rowe, Heinz Staude, Kevin Archibald, Keith Patford, Danny Genovese. Honorary Members: Max Davenport, Dr. Angus Martin. Committee Members: President Jolm McCormick (059) 44 3502 Vice-President Aussie Magnussen 95462974 Secretary Graham Rowe 95607472 Editor Elias Iliopoulos (053) 42 2460 Pro-Clean Citrus Cleaning System is Treasurer Daryl Hutchins 9872 3225 the result of 12 months development Social Secretary Helen Rowe 95607472 and testing. It is simple to use, leaves Librarian Scott Haymes 97042046 no hannful residue, is biodegradable Show Secretary Ben Caroone 9545 5040 ancl does NOT have the harmful Trading Table Jolm Reeves 98034109 effects of other cleaners. Committee-at-large Ly:nda Hay'mes 97042046 Uncler normal" use WILL NOT Helen Jackson 9545 5040 HARM YOUR FISH! Darren J-Ioward 97424724 .~ ie: 1 part concentrate to to parts water Travis Hingston 98856818 -- •..- ~ .....-----....-.. ---- ­ :,,'·:h:%r?'~ facsimiles 95607028 .':.'~~ ~ll/f/7~{~7hf;·T(r-;., ..P.e.:? 9872 3225 Il,~ .... l;;:~i·~ * LIGHT CARPET & FABRIC STAINS ,.. ~--- . ,~-~.;1 " LIGHT DIRT STAINS ON PAINTED SURFACES ~ <" \i{ .'i Reprints © Copyright, Victorian cichlid Society Incorporated 1996. " BATH & SHOWER RECESSES Anyone wishing to reprint materinl from nny edition of 'llle Cichlid MonUlly' in their regular club ~~i:j magazine (not other publications which arc sold), may do so (unless the article itself carries a " TOILET BOWLS, STOVE TOPS 5:: .. '"~''' I _ •••~_;-;;; copyright notice) provided due credit is given to the author and 'TCM' find one copy of the relevant " REFRIGERATOI

Aims: The VCS was formed by cichlidophiles in March 1972 ,md tllUS became the /irst specialist aguarist group in tlle state or Victoria. Its main aims are: TIlere still continues to be a steady influx of new members this month 1. To promote the keeping of ; which not only is good to see but is exciting to know that more and morc of these 2. To gain and disseminate knowledge of cichlids, their habits und attributes tllrough the use of members are rural residents. See, now I'm not the only one mad enough to come slides, Iilms, books, lectures, practical demonstrations, local and overseas magazines, articles by down to Melboume for meetings. Given the amount of ncw mcmbers I think it's members and discussion with fellow members or experts in the /ield.; about time I re-published my postal address j';l order to givc evcryone a chancc to 3. To assist, in any way possible, tlle establishment and/or maintenance of approved public aquaria; 4. To be involved in t1le education of the general public with regards to the benefits or contribute, so here it is: Elias Iliopoulos C/- Scarsdale Post Office, Vic. 3351. If (particularly cichlids), and the potentially hannl'ul elTects of animalmismunagcment; you really need to phone me you can now do it only on ph: 015 860255. Ifs 5. To promote fellowship between members; usually on most of the timcs so don't hesitate. G. To further tlle conservation of species and their natural habitats; 7. To fLUiher the identification, distribution, breeding, maintenance and enjoyment of the species in tlle Family Cichlidae. TIlere were a number ofarticles that came in to me last month via members which have yet to bc published. Don't get shitty guys, thcy will gct published Disclaimer: TIle opinions expressed herein are those of the aut1lors, and are not necessarily those before the end of the year. You see, the articles that are going into the mags are of the Editor ofTCM or the committee oftlle Victorian Cichlid Society Incorporated. pre-detennincd several months in advance and if I change the order that they go in, CommlUucation on subjects raised is encouraged. well chances are that those articles will never see the light of day again. Standing Sub-Committees Fund Raising: Helen Jackson Go away and read the mag now and I'll see you all next meeting. By the Accommodation: Daryl Hutchins Mailing: Elias TIiopoulos way, If anyone has got any constructive criticism about the mag, don't hesitate to Handbook: Daryl Hutchins Constitution: Daryl HutchulS let me know. After all, it is your mag just as much as anyone else's, and bcsides, BAA: Jolm Reeves Species Maintenance: John Reeves new ideas never go astray. _-7'---­ \ -.,-/.J See Ya! . j'lvJvv,J \ fJ'" \V\rJ , -' .­ ~.-t 11 \ Minutes of the Previous General Meeting Ernie Hicks then gave a very interesting and informative mini-talk on "Cichlasoma"(Thorichthys) meeki - The Firemouth. The meeting opened at 8.13 pm with the President in the chair. He John McCormick welcomed a visitor, Peter Robinson, President in 1975-6 welcomed all members and visitors on yet another night when it was and 1976-7. pOUrIng. After a short break, a spirited mini-auction was held. Thanks to Apologies were received from Lynda Haymes, Jann & James Reeves, Steve Ernie Hicks for donating the Firemouths and shells. Young, Irene Alger, Graham Doyle and Travis Hingston. New members Alan Yang and Jen Leung were welcomed to the Society and presented with their badges and handbooks. Minutes of the August meeting were taken as read on a motion moved by We were then entertained by the video Cichlidae Live - Diving in Darren Howard and seconded by Helen Jackson. There was no business Lake Malawi Part 1. Jeffrey was asked to pass on our thanks to his father arising from the minutes. for the use of this excellent video. SMC - We are stilI waiting for information from Perth. Hopefully we Correspondence: will have it in time for a meeting on the 23rd. John Emrns tank and cabinet for sale. Ben Carbone then announced the Wardleys Table Show results. Alexis Marchese request for information on VCS. Industries cichlids available list. Draw Prize First Painted Fish Pot Hel en Jackson Steve and Jennie Hunter membership application. Second Aquavell Frozen Food Jason Taylor Jon and Michelle Shields renewal. Third Chocolates Ben Carbone Lynda Haymes resignation as Vice President. Barbara Bogdanski Aequidens "Gold Saum" for sale. Door Prizes, courtesy of Aqualife Produets, were won by Michael Cotterell, Peter Robinson, Nicole O'Rourke, Ernie Hicks, Alan Yang and Carl Bentin. This was received on a motion moved by Ben Carbone and seconded by The meeting adjourned for supper at 10.15 pm. Stuart Ford. John McCormick explained the Committee decision to swap Aussie Magnussen and Lynda Haymes as Vice President and Committee at Large. Aussie was congratulated on his new position.

Treasurers Report: July Opening Balance 1361.00 Income 376.00 Expenditure 457.58 July Closing Balance/August Op Balance 1280.42 Income 120.00 Expenditure 202.85 August Closing Balance 1197.57 FOR YOUR FISH ONLY This report was received on a motion moved by Aussie Magnussen and seconded by Stuart Ford. THE "ULTIMATE" FISH FOODS AVAILABLE FROM ALL LEADING RETAILERS ~~ -q; As most of you now know, Lynda decided to resign as Vice President last month and took on a position as Committee at Large. Below is a copy of Table Show Calendar 1996/1997 her resignation letter which was sent to the committee. We decided that it Kevin Archibald Show Keith Patford Show was worth a reprint in the magazine: Get Pairs (Americans) Pairs (African) Noy Angels and Discus Lake Tanganyika 8th August '96 Dec Central Americans Riverine and Lake Vie. Feb South Americans Lake Malawi March American of Choice African of Choice Attention VCS Committee April South Americans Lake Malawi May Central Americans Lake Tanganyika It is with great regret that I tender my June Angels and Discus Riverine and Lake Vie. resignation as Vice President of the VCS. This July South Amelicans Lake Tanganyika resignation. I feel. needs an explanation. Aug Dwarf Americans Dwarf Afri cans Sept Central Americans Lake Malawi It is due to Scottious Bigmouthious' successful spawning. aft~r many dry runs and much displaying by Scottious. he finally settled No Report. with Lyndia Smalltitious and the resulting fry is doing well. Unfortunately due to the resulting fry. Lyndia Smalltitious has to remain at the spawning site until the cross bred smallmouthious is free feeding {and no. a female fry would not have been called bigtitiousD. So much love to all committee members and I will help whenever possible.

Lynda. @ L'l-iE niCXL' Gi:ni:~ALiOn IN FISH FOOD HAS ARRIVED I Introducing Ocean Star International innovative Cichlid and Spirulina floating/sinking pellets -- as well as the best flake foods available. ASK AT YOUR FAVORITE RETAILER SATURDAY~6TH OCTOBER ~.(~-==­ ~ MALVERN A.(g~(& At: Nunawading Civic Centre, & Pet Supplies Court Yard Room ~ K IMPORTERS OF TROPICALS AND Whitehorse Road, Mitcham. TANKS MADE TO ORDER -+­ FULL RANGE OF PET ACCESSORIES ~ EXTENSIVE RANGE OF "BETTACARE" PRODUCTS Goods in at 12:00 pm OPEN 6 DAYS -- CLOSED WEDNESDAY Auction from 1:00 pm to 6:00 pm ~ 54-56 Glenferrie Road, Malvern Phone: 9509 1141 Present your VCS Membership Card and receive a 10% discuL;nt. WET AND DRY GOODS FOR AUCTION! >, ..__---1 w issue of Aquarist News from Suburban Aquarist Society in Illinois very informative as I'm sure you will. (This fish has had a name cll

FinalIy we arrive at a pseudo-eiehlid society- Southern ColorCldo AS ill answer to the invitation ill August SCAS Journal. Ted Judy tclls Cl very interesting talc in "A Four DolIar Education." Sandy Brehm relates "A Pain in the Eetodus." Dave Ball gleefulIy reports "Success at Last: Chromidotilapia Gunther."

WclI that's it for another month. Sit back, relax and enjoy the MRIFL (Must Read In Flight Literature).

Perth Ciehlid Society Magazine August PCS Revue Franeaise des Cichlidophiles September Association France Cichlid Ciehlid Circular August New South Wales CS CicWidae Communique May/June Pacific Coast CA Welcome aboard for our hectic flight this month. Having just recovered from Cichlidae Communique July/August Pacific Coast CA football finals and the Royal Show, we have to worry about ANGFA Conferences, VCS Cichlid Evening Post September Great Lakes CS Auctions, Talk to the Animals Expos and PIJAC Shows. It is a relief to climb aboard our magic carpet and relax as we travel around the world. We didn't call on the folIowing due to a lack of eichlid information First port of call this trip is Sunshine Coast Aquarium Society in answer to the Fishtales August Eastern Districts AS invitation in the August edition of The Magazine of the Sunshine Coast Aquarium Juneau Fish Tales August Juneau AS Society. (How my fingers miss "Sunfish"). New Zealand Aquarium World August Federation of NZ AS's First article to attract our attention is Editors Chris and Annie Bailey's "Peter Piper Picked a Pair of Pretty Parrots to Patiently Put in a Pretty Parrot Pair Parade in Picturesque Paris" (Now I know what happened to "Sunfish")! They were impressed by Ron Harlan's article on "The Cyprininiform (sic) Method of Spawning Apistogramma" when it was reprinted in May TCM. They also enjoyed Kathleen Maree Arnup's "Love Me, Love My Fish!" from the same issue of TCM.

Ne:-'1 we find ourselves at Clifton Hill and The Aquarium Society of Victoria in answer to the invitation in the August issue of Finchat. Gregory Price writes about "Mr Ugly", a fish we can only read about: Tilapia mossambique (as they were then calIed), prepossessing but behaviourally very interesting. This was printed in Fin Features from Central Ohio AS. Also published in the same journal was Dan Fromm's excellent article about his "Experiences with CichIasoma salvini." George Barnes III writing about "Basic Angelfish Genetics The Marble Angelfish" in Aquacons from Chillicotte Correctional CICHLlD BITES A floating sinking pellet formulated Institution AS explains the history of the marble angelfish and tile genetic ex-pectation of specially for all Cichlids. breeding with various eolor forms of angels. CalOR PLUS A floating pellet with natural Our next stop is Atlanta now that it has returned to normal. We are here in color enhancers. answer to the invite in September Fish Talk, the publication of Atlanta Area Aquarium Association. They found Jerry Levin's article on "Geophagus jurupari" in January 1990 AVAILABLE FROM ALL LEADING RETAILERS ~; ) ParClsitic Worms in Fisrl medicine in the hope that it will ingest it. If the species is an expensive one, By: Norm Halliwell. your Vet can inject the medicine into the abdominal cavity. Failure to act quickly on this disease, means death to the infected fish. Also increase Not a great deal of information is readily available on these worm temperature to 30-32 C, as heat also helps to effect a cure, as the flagellate infestations in fish species. However, the first type that comes to mind is does not like heat at all. Another parasitic worm often seen in tanks is planaria, a free the flagella of Spironocleus, which is commonly know under the name :t\ Hexamita, or more to the point, "hole-in-the-head" disease. swimming whitish worm, about 6mm long, which are excreted by large fish, ego Oscars. These worms will then live in the gravel bed, and soon appear This disease is caused by a flagellate known as Hexamita, which lives in the • all over.the tank glass, and are seen swimming in the water. Gouramis will brut and intestines of the aquarium fish Discus (Symphysodon spp.) but it eat them, but not many other fish will. To effect a cure, use a product can also invade other organs as well, and these are generally destroyed by it. called Clout (the only one that treats them) at the dosage on the packet. It It can, and usually does cause early deaths in many forms of Discus fish if kills these worms fast, and then a one third water change and gravel clean not detected quickly and treated. should be done to remove all dead, and dying planaria from the water. Too much heavy protein foods, like Beefheart, Liver etc is (1 believe) the cause The worst aspect of an infection with Hexamita is that in the early stages the of these infestations. infected fish shows absolutely no reaction. They feed and swim normally, A lesser seen parasitic worm called Capillaria poses big problems for and their behaviour and colouration remain unchanged. Then one day, . These worms are very thin, 1-2 cm long and like Spironucleus, they become fussy about what they eat, begin rapid colour changes, live in the intestine of the fish. They are detected the same as for Hexamita, eventually go dark, refuse to eat all together, and begin exuding white thin ie. via the faeces, and the treatment is by use ofDylox, a treatment used to faeces and soon start wasting away. combat skin and gill worms in pond fish. This is a sure sign that your fish is A VARIETY The final parasitic infestations that 1 would like to cover is the heavily infected, and that the flagellate OF FOOD debilitating parasites, that don't normally kill fish, called Gyrodactylu and in the gut, often in their millions, have Keeps Your Fish Dactylogyrus, or skin and gill flukes. These flukes show up as the fish severely damaged vital organs ego gall Happy and Healthy infected with them begin scratching themselves against hard objects in the bladder, kidney etc. aquarium. Fast respiration is also another symptom. An exact diagnosis can only be done under a microscope, whereby the fish has to be sacrificed That means that they kidney no longer in order to be sure. Vets may be able to take a smear from a living animals functions properly, and at this stage, gills if necessary to prove these flukes are present. However, 1 have not the fish itself is almost unable to be seen this disease too often in fresh water aquariums. Dylox also treats these cured. If detected early enough, an parasites (Amg per litre). immediate treatment of Metronidizole } In summary, the best way to avoid these parasitic infections, is to (Flagyl) ofWaterlife's Octozin should ') maintain good water quality, give regular water changes, at least 25% be administered, via the water, and via fortnightly, together with a gravel clean, give a balanced diet to your fish, the food, in order to effect a cure. If and keep a close eye on pH, a major cause of infections, as fish become STRESSED, and this stress will manifest itself in some form of disease the animal is not eating, you have a AQUAVELL problem. The only possible course ope outbreak. I recommend a pH of 7.2 - 7A for all aquariums and under these FROZEN fOOD circumstances you will have very few problems. to you is to saturate the water with this PACKAGED AND PRODUCED BY KIEBODY PTY l TO AUSTRALIA A SPEED Jllst Pictllre! The world speed record for a human swimming is If you have a photo of your favourite fish or even a complete tank or any about 10.5 kph; the world record for human running is fish related matter, then send it in to TeM and have it published just for about 32 kph. The resistance of water is some 700 the sake of letting everyone see your most prized happy snap! These times greater than air so marvel at a fishes two photos come from the yes collection. speediness: The sailfish has been clocked taking out 100 metres of line in 3 seconds· nearly 110 kph. A salmon cruises at 32 kph with spurts of over 48 kph. Eels only travel at about 12 kph, bass at 19.5 kph, perch 16 kph and pike 32 kph. A tunny zips up to 71 kph and the mako shark 56 kph. A swordfish has been known to ram its sword through 51cms of copper sheathed hardwood· a driving force of 96 kph.

-Aquatic Wor14 Jan. '65

FISH FUNNIES

Q. Why is a fishing hook like the measles? A Recause they are both catching!

Mum: Shouldntt you give your goldfish some water? Child: Why? It hasntt drunk the last lot yet!

Q. Where do fish wash? A In a river basin!

-Aquarium Wodd, Aug. '96 An Invitation ... from ANGFA Victoria Regional- Group

to attend the • 1996 ANGFA NATIONAL CONVENTION

to be held at Royal Parade Irico Hotel (formerly Royal Parade Rainbow Hotel) 441 Royal Parade, Parkville,. Melbourne, Victoria 3052

REMEMBER: ·IF YOUR SELLING ITEMS TO TAKE IN YOUR FORM. on Saturday & Sunday ·MORE AIR THAN WATER IS ALWAYS BETTER. ·IF YOU THINK YOU MIGHT BE BUYING FISH, BRING October 19th & 20th A FOAM BOX. ·BE PREPARED TO BLOW YOUR BUDGET BY HEAPS. with ANGFA National AGM on ·DON'T BE LATE!!! Friday 18th October at 8:30 pm JAWLOCKINGS Guianacara geayi $ 1.00 If you haven't booked in to the ANGFA Convention on October Aulonocranus dewindti $ 5.00 19th and 20th, you may be lucky. Ring Ken on 9391 5225. lulidochromis transcriptus "gombi" $ 3.00 There are a couple ofauctions coming up ifyou are not satisfied by the "Haplochromis" similis (Red Empress) 1" $ 1.50 EDAS, YCS and ANGFA efforts. Cyphotilapia frontosa 1" $ 5.00 Cyphotilapia frontosa Mpibwe Fl 2" $25.00 Pseudotropheus aurora Firstly, on October 13th in Wadworth, we have the MCAS Fall 2" $ 1.00 Auction. Chris on 00 11 1 419 668 5773 has more details. Geophagus steindachneri 1" $ 2.00 On October 19th is CAFE Fall Auction. Terry on 00 11 1 614 875 5088 can Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus .75" $ 0.50 provide the details. Haplochromis sp. zebra obliquidens 1"+ $ 2.00 Paratilapia polleni 1" $ 3.50 Neolamprologus brevis Then on October 20th we have the YATFS Fall Auction. Gio on 00 1" 10 for $15.00 11 1 216393 2503 is the person with all the knowledge here. That's it till next time Then we have a couple ofBuck-a-Bag Auctions. TANC is holding theirs on October 27th. John on 00 11 1 2162593560 is the person to ask for all the Graham. details.

A week later GLCS is holding their Buck-a-Bag Auction. Mike on 00 11 1 216442 1257 has the details. All Aquarium & Pet SUPRlies P/L (Cichlidarium) Write this one in your little black book. Ohio Cichlid Extravaganza is being held on November 22nd to the 24th. More information can be at obtained from Marc on 00 11 1 2168160125. 8 DUNOON CRT MULGRAVE 3170 (off Police road) VICTORIA I apologise for the late notice of this event but I've just received We Specialise in notification. Sorry. New South Cichlid Society Auction is on 5th October CICHLlDS,NATIVES,KILLlFISH, MARINES from 2pm. I can't tell you where it was held as the venue is not mentioned and all other rare Species in the August magazine. Albert on 02 9638 3963 may fill you in. • LaifDeMason is telling Pacific Coast CA members "What's New" on Everything for the Aquarium November 9th and David Soares is talking "Apistogramma" on December PHONE :(03)546-1025 14th. JoJo on 00 11 1 408 946 0392 can fill in the details. Business Hours Mon - Sat 9am - 7pm Sun 11 am - 5pm Sit back and enjoy Envy Corner. (All prices are in American Wed Closed Dollars, the currency ofthe country where they were advertised.) Victoria"s First and Original Cichlid Centre By: John Reeves The first member to correctly complete this crossword as well as the previous month's one, and submit it to the Editor will receive a prize courtesy ofone ofour sponsors!

Below is a list ofcontacts which may be ofuse to you in yourfishy quests!

PRODUCT REGISTRATION Trevor Doust ph: (06) 2723744 fax: (06) 2725249 Manager Veterinary Registration Section National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Post Office Box E240 Queen Victoria Terrace Parkes, ACT. 2600.

POLICY/ ISSUES Greg Hooper ph: (06) 272 5158 fax: (06) 272 4753 Executive Manager Policy and Public Affairs National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Post Office Box E240 Queen Victoria Terrace Parkes, ACT. 2600. 3. Food Source 1. Gymnocorymbus sp. COMPLIANCE 5. Australian Bird 2. Floating Plant Steve McDonald ph: (06) 2724654 fax: (06) 2724753 9. Aquarium Material 4. WaterWay Compliance Manager 10. All Heaters Have One 6. Water Plant 12. Fish Container 7. Water Fleas National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary 13. Water Plant 8. Part of a Diet Chemicals 14. Disease 11. Buenos Aires ..... Post Office Box E240 16. Many Tanks Have It 14. Types of Plant Queen Victoria Terrace 19. Food 15. Breathing Organs Parkes, ACT. 2600. 20. Air .... 17. Water (Latin) 21. Longest River 18 ..... Tetra Definitions and Terms Nitrate (N03) f~I.4ASSII~II~IIS Less toxic arrunonium compound produced by Nitrobacteria bacteria from nitrite. Nitrate levels can be kept to a minimum by regular partial water changes; anaerobic filters convert nitrate back to free nitrogen. For Sale: Breeding Colony ofN. Daffodil (9) $90.00 N. Cylindricus 5 @ $10.00 ea Nitrification T. Bifranatus 3 @ $8.00 ea The process by which toxic nitrogenous compounds are converted by aerobic Pair ofC. Bifranatus $35.00 bacteria .into less harmful substances, ego ammonia to nitrite to nitrate. 1 male N. Christyi (fully grown) $15.00 1 female N. Tetracanthus $15.00 Nitrite (N02) Breeding Colony Cyprichromis Leptosoma (2M 3F) $150.00 Toxic ammonium compound produced by Nitrosamines bacteria from arrunonia. Tropheus Duboisi (2") 5 @ $45.00 ea Toxic to fishes, and even more so to invertebrates. Elias: Ph: (03) 9808 8903 Nitrobacter For Sale: 4 foot Aquarium in wooden cabinet (built by Bob Lee). Two A species of aerobic bacterium essential in the biological filter to hinged front doors and hinged canopy lid. 1.52m x 1.37m x convert nitrite into far less harmful nitrate. .505m. Also includes an Eheim 2013 pump. Purchaser to Nitrogen Cycle colIect from Loch (50 rnin from Mulgrave via South Ammonia is created by urea and decomposition. Ammonia is turned into Gippsland Hwy.) Cost $400.00 Sell $200.00 ONO. nitrites by nitrosamines bacteria. Nitrites are less harmful than bacteria, John Emms: Ph: (056) 594363 but still pose a threat. Nitrites are converted to nitrates by nitrobacter. Nitrates are much less toxic and is used as fertiliser for live plants. It For Sale: Aequidens species "Gold Saum" is harmful in great quantities, however, and should be avoided in the reef Barbara Bogdanski: Ph: (044) 233 588. tank. There are special denitrifying filters which convert nitrates to nitrogen gas, which is explosive in high quantities. Wanted: Your ads for publication in the TCM Classifieds. No costs involved. Just submit your advertisement to the Editor Nitrosomonas before the second Sunday after the General Meeting! A species of aerobic bacterium utilised in the biological filter to convert arrunonia into less toxic substances, ego nitrite. Available: October issue ofCichlid News should be arriving in time for Nuchal Hump people to pick them up at the October General Meeting. An enlarged forehead on males cicWids. New Subscribers Welcome! Contact John Reeves: (03) 9803 4109 Oodinium Single-celled parasite causing coral fish disease. Highly infectious, but Auction: October 26th beholds yet another VCS Annual Wet & Dry curable with proprictary rcmedics. Goods Auction. Bidding commences at 1.00 pm at the Nunawading Civic Centre Courtyard Room; Whitehorse Road. Mitcham. Operculum Application for Membership A hard, bony plate which covers the giBs.

Osmosis The Secretary Ordinary Membership $3 1.00 Passage of liquid through a semi-permeable membrane to dilute a more Graham Rowe Family Membership $33.50 concentrated solution. Accounts for water losses through the skin of marine The Victorian Cichlid Society Inc. Junior Membership $16.00 fishes, ie. to the relatively stronger sea water, which they have to constantly drink to replenish these losses. 23 Mangana Drive Pensioners $16.00 Mulgrave, Vie. Overseas $A36.00 Ozone (03) Australia, 3170. All prices include a $6.00 joining fee! Three-atom, unstable form of oxygen used as a disinfectant. Only to be used in conjunction with a , which prevents ozone coming into direct contact with fishes or invertebrates. I wish to join the ves and enclosed a cheque herewith for Ozoniser the correct amount: Device that produces ozone by high-voltage electrical discharge. Air from an air pump is passed through the ozoniser on its way to the protein skimmer. Name in full: .

Peat Age at next birthday (if under 18) . Peat is a moss which is used to soften water and to decrease the pH. Address: . Pectoral fins Paired fins, one on each side of the body immediately behind the gill Postcode: .. cover. Telephone: . Pe1agic Strictly meaning 'of the open sea', this term is also applied to eggs and spawning methods. Pe1agic eggs are lighter than water and are scattered Areals of interest. . after an ascending spawning action between a pair of fishes in open water. The fertilised eggs are then carried away by water currents. . . . .

Pelvic fins Paired fins on the ventral (lower) surface, usually immediately below thc giB covers. Not all marine fish have pelvic fins. pH Measure of water acidity or alkalinity; the scale ranges from 1 (extremely acid) through 7 (neutral) to 14 (extremely alkaline). Sea water is normally around pH 8.3. Fresh water ranges from pH 5.0 - pH 8.0 nomlally. Signature Date .