Independentism and the European Union
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Differentiating Pro-Independence Movements in Catalonia and Galicia: a Contemporary View
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Business and Governance Department of Law Anna Joala DIFFERENTIATING PRO-INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS IN CATALONIA AND GALICIA: A CONTEMPORARY VIEW Bachelor’s thesis Programme: International Relations Supervisor: Vlad Alex Vernygora, MA Tallinn 2018 I declare that I have compiled the paper independently and all works, important standpoints and data by other authors have been properly referenced and the same paper has not been previously been presented for grading. The document length is 9222 words from the introduction to the end of summary. Anna Joala …………………………… (signature, date) Student code: 113357TASB Student e-mail address: [email protected] Supervisor: Vlad Alex Vernygora, MA: The paper conforms to requirements in force …………………………………………… (signature, date) Chairman of the Defence Committee: Permitted to the defence ………………………………… (name, signature, date) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 5 1. EXPLANATORY THEORY OF SECESSIONISM ............................................................... 8 1.1. Definition of secessionism ................................................................................................ 8 1.2. Sub-state nationalism ....................................................................................................... -
Governmental Power Sharing: Imperative? a Comparative Case Study on Decentralization and Its Influence on Public Support for Secessionism
Governmental power sharing: imperative? A comparative case study on decentralization and its influence on public support for secessionism Andrés Durante Master’s Thesis Uppsala University, 2020 Department of Government Supervisor: Moa Mårtensson Abstract Scholarly debates about the merits of decentralization have long been central in comparative politics. However, there is a lack of consensus in the existing literature on its relationship with secessionism, and previous scholarship on autonomy and power sharing suffers from several shortcomings that make it difficult to evaluate the influence of decentralization on secessionist conflict. To address this research gap, a new theoretical framework is proposed which suggests inclusion for regional elites within the state’s national decision-making institutions is imperative for the prevention against secessionism in established democracies. Utilizing an innovative comparative process tracing method, a theory-driven within-case empirical analysis and between-case comparison is conducted between Spain and Catalonia, and the United Kingdom and Scotland. The findings illustrate that decentralization with a higher degree of governmental power sharing (shared rule) is associated with a lower degree of public support for secessionism, and this association is produced through a social mechanism of power. Keywords: decentralization, power sharing, secessionism, Spain, Catalonia, UK, Scotland Table of contents LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ........................................................................................................ -
The Catalan Independence Referendum: an Assessment of the Process of Self-Determination
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 The Catalan Independence referendum: An assessment of the process of self-determination Turp, Daniel ; Caspersen, Nina ; Qvortrup, Matt ; Welp, Yanina Abstract: This report addresses different aspects of the proposed referendum in Catalonia. In chapter one, Profes- sor Yanina Welp analyzes and presents a political sociological perspective on the respective evolutions of the Catalan support for or rejection of independence. This chapter also summarizes the events that led to the demand for a referendum. In chapter two, Professor Nina Caspersen presents a comparative and historical overview of the political context of the demand for independence for Catalonia and draws up a number of scenarios for the future, depending on the outcome of the referendum. In the subse- quent chapter, Professor Matt Qvortrup analyzes when referendums are held and what determines their outcome; as well, he analyzes the legislation governing the conduct of the proposed referendums. He concludes, with some reservations, that the current legislation meets international standards. Finally, Professor Daniel Turp analyzes and assesses the legality of the proposed referendum. Professor Daniel Turp examines the right to decide of the people of Catalonia in light of rules found in international, Eu- ropean, Spanish, Catalan and comparative law. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-143018 Published Research Report Published Version Originally published at: Turp, Daniel; Caspersen, Nina; Qvortrup, Matt; Welp, Yanina (2017). The Catalan Independence refer- endum: An assessment of the process of self-determination. -
Catalonia Vs Spain: a Desire for More Autonomy Has Led to a Surge of Independentism and a Divided Catalan Society
Department of Political Science Chair of Political Sociology Catalonia vs Spain: A desire for more autonomy has led to a surge of independentism and a divided Catalan society SUPERVISOR CANDIDATE Noé Meiler Prof. Michele Sorice Matr. 0792 ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2 History .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Early History of Catalan Institutions: ........................................................................................................... 3 The Generalities .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 The rise of “Catalanism” ............................................................................................................................. 4 Republicanism and Federalism.................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 The Franco Regime ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Primo De Rivera .......................................................................................................................................................................... -
Leaders for Social Change
Ignasi Carreras, Amy Leaverton and Maria Sureda Leaders for social change Characteristics and competencies of leadership in NGOs Esade‐PwC Social Leadership Program 2008‐09 ESADE-PwC Social Leadership Program This publication forms part of the ESADE-PwC Social Leadership Pro- gram, organised by ESADE’s Institute for Social Innovation and the PricewaterhouseCoopers Foundation. It is a joint initiative aimed at gen- erating and spreading knowledge about leadership in NGOs and other non-profit organisations, as well as creating an area where social lead- ers can reflect and exchange experiences. The program’s objectives are: ► To generate knowledge on leadership in the NGO and non-profit or- ganisation sector. ► To help develop leadership capacities in Spanish non-profit organisa- tions. ► To spread the knowledge generated to all organisations in the sector. ► To help reinforce the credibility of the organisations in the third sector. In order to achieve this, the program combines the following elements: ► Leadership Forums: Working and exchange sessions with the manag- ers participating in the program ► Research ► The creation of case studies ► Annual publication with results ► Public engagements ► Regular diffusion. Ignasi Carreras, Amy Leaverton and Maria Sureda Leaders for social change Characteristics and competencies of leadership in NGOs Leaders for social change: Characteristics and competencies of leadership in NGOs Authors: Ignasi Carreras, Amy Leaverton and Maria Sureda With the collaboration of PricewaterhouseCoopers Foundation Revision and correction: Marita Osés Edition and Design: Institute for Social Innovation, ESADE, 2009 www.socialinnovation.esade.edu [email protected] Front and back cover images: © Ackley Road Photos - Fotolia.com ISBN: 978-84-88971-31-9 The contents of this document are the property of their authors and may not be used for com- mercial purposes. -
Catalonia's Legitimate Right to Decide
CATALONIA’S LEGITIMATE RIGHT TO DECIDE PATHS TO SELF-DETERMINATION A REPORT BY A COMMISSION OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS NICOLAS LEVRAT Professor at the University of Geneva, coordinator of the Report SANDRINA ANTUNES Professor at the Universidade do Minho GUILLAUME TUSSEAU Professor at Sciences Po, Paris PAUL WILLIAMS Professor at American University in Washington, DC CATALONIA’S LEGITIMATE RIGHT TO DECIDE | PATHS TO SELF-DETERMINATION ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AER Assembly of European Regions ANC Assemblea Nacional Catalana AVANCEM Espai socialista BL Basic Law C Constitution CDC Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya C’s Ciudadanos CiU Convergència I Unió CoR Committee of the Regions CSQP Catalunya Sí que Pot CUP Candidatura d’Unitat Popular DC Demòcrates de Catalunya ICJ International Court of Justice ECHR European Convention of Human Rights ECtHR European Court of Human Rights ECJ European Court of Justice ERC Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya EU European Union ICV-EUiA Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds-Esquerra Unida I Alternativa IU Izquierda Unida JxS Junts pel Sí MES Moviment d’ Esquerres OC Ómnium Cultural P Podemos PDD Plataforma pel Dret a Decidir PP Partido Popular PSC Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya PSOE Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol TEU Treaty on European Union TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union UCD Unión de Centro Democrático UDC Unió Democràtica de Catalunya 1 CATALONIA’S LEGITIMATE RIGHT TO DECIDE | PATHS TO SELF-DETERMINATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Nicolas Levrat is a Professor of European and International Law at the University of Geneva. He’s the Director of the International Law and International Organization Department of the Law Faculty since 2016. -
Sijstermans2019.Pdf (3.020Mb)
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. 1 Political Party Learning in the European Free Alliance: Inspiration and Information in the (Trans)Nationalist Family Judith Sijstermans PhD in Politics University of Edinburgh 2019 2 Declaration I declare that this thesis was composed by myself, Judith Sijstermans, and that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text. I declare that this work has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Judith Sijstermans 26 February 2019 Edinburgh, Scotland 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….6 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………......7 Lay Summary……………………………………………………………………….9 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….11 -
In Spain, Implications of Catalan Elections Summary David
Sample Article: In Spain, Implications of Catalan Elections Summary David Ramos/Getty Images A supporter of the Catalan Convergence and Union party on Nov. 25Elections held Nov. 25 in Catalonia showed that the pro-independence movement in the autonomous region is strong but complex and contradictory. Although the ruling Convergence and Union party won the elections, it now controls just 50 of 135 seats -- 12 fewer than in 2010. The emergence of a weaker Catalan government will exacerbate political tensions across Spain, likely hindering Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy's attempts to combat the country's economic crisis. Moreover, disagreements among Catalan separatist parties will complicate negotiations for a possible referendum on independence, which is unlikely to occur in the medium term. Analysis In calling for the early elections, Catalonian President Artur Mas hoped to obtain a political majority that would allow his Convergence and Union party to organize a referendum on the independence of Catalonia. However, austerity measures implemented in 2012 by the Catalan government were similar to those applied by the central government in Madrid, and the voters expressed their discontent with them and punished the ruling party at the Nov. 25 polls. Catalans leaned instead toward a mix of left-wing parties that support secession but reject austerity. The biggest winner of the election was the Republican Left, the oldest Catalan pro-independence party, which jumped from 10 to 21 seats. The Catalonia Greens-United and Alternative Left, a left- wing pro-referendum coalition, also made gains, from 10 to 13 seats. Notably, the Popular Unity Candidacy, a pro-independence and anti-capitalist party, will debut in the regional parliament after winning three seats; the party previously was represented only at the municipal level. -
Kosovo-Spain Relations and the Dilemmas on the Problem of Non-Recognition
SEEU Review Volume 14 Issue 1 KOSOVO-SPAIN RELATIONS AND THE DILEMMAS ON THE PROBLEM OF NON-RECOGNITION Pol Vila Sarriá1 Project officer at the Trans European Policy Studies Association (Brussels) [email protected] Agon Demjaha Associate Professor, University of Tetova, North Macedonia, [email protected] DOI: 10.2478/seeur-2019-0005 Abstract Eleven years after Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence, Spain’s position vis-à-vis Kosovo has not only not varied, but it has become stronger, turning Madrid into the leader of the Kosovo non recognizers club within the EU. This paper analyses Kosovo-Spain relations in the last eleven years. More specifically, the paper examines the reasons behind the non-recognition of Kosovo and the approach of the Spanish governments toward Kosovo’s statehood. This is followed 1 The article is part of the wider research supported by the Kosovo Foundation for Open Society as part of the project “Building Knowledge of New Statehood in Southeast Europe 2.0 ". 69 SEEU Review Volume 14 Issue 1 by a thorough analysis on how Kosovo’s path for self-determination played a major role in Catalonia’s quest for independence in 2017. The empirical research demonstrates that Spain’s main reason not to recognise Kosovo is based on the country’s internal dynamics; namely, Catalonia and the Basque country. Likewise, the paper argues that the Spanish governments throughout the last eleven years have created an analogy between Kosovo and Catalonia; not in their political statements, but in their political decisions, by worsening the almost inexistent diplomatic relations with Kosovo, when the Catalan path for independence was at its highest peak. -
Change in National Identification a Study of the Catalan Case
Change in National Identification A study of the Catalan case María José Hierro Hernández TESIS DOCTORAL Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / 2012 DIRECTOR DE LA TESIS Dr. José Ramón Montero Gibert Departamento de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionals a Dídac, perquè vaig començar aquest camí amb tu i vas ser el meu suport durant tot aquest temps ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the study of individual change in national identification and examines the factors which lie behind change under particular circumstances. The dissertation starts proposing a conceptual and analytical framework for the study of change along different dimensions of identification (self-categorization, content, salience and intensity). From here, the dissertation focuses on the study of change in the category of national identification in the Catalan context. The Catalan context is argued to be a suitable case study because it has two characteristics which render change in the category of national identification possible. These two characteristics are a center-periphery cleavage and the presence of a demographically important immigration population. The findings of my research are thus generalizable to other contexts which share these two characteristics with Catalonia. The dissertation offers an alternative explanation which complements the decentralization argument, and provides a better account for the periodic changes that are observed when identification with Spain and Catalonia is tracked over time. The dissertation contends that political parties’ mobilization of the center-periphery cleavage drives individual change in national identification. Although the cleavage structures competition between political parties in a permanent way, there are some periods during which a particular policy or issue sharpens conflict between national and regional parties and exacerbates the cleavage. -
Catalonia Profile - Timeline
Catalonia profile - Timeline 30 October 2017 From the section Europe A chronology of key events: Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Catalonian republicans, such as these demonstrators in Barcelona in 1936, resisted Franco's attempt to overthrow the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War 9th century - County of Barcelona formed along with several other counties as a result of efforts by Charlemagne to establish a buffer zone between his Frankish Empire and Muslim-ruled Spain. 1023-76 - Under Ramon Berenguer I, the county of Barcelona acquires a dominant position in the area. 12th cent - First mention of the term Catalonia. 1131-1162 - Reign of Ramon Berenguer IV, whose marriage to Queen Petronilla of Aragon results in the county's dynastic union with the Kingdom of Aragon. Although part of the Crown of Aragon, Catalonia keeps its own traditional rights and parliament, the Corts catalanes. 14th-15th cents - Aragon acquires the kingdoms of Sardinia, Sicily and Naples, becoming a major Mediterranean maritime empire as a result. Integration into Spain 1469 - Ferdinand I of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile marry, creating a dynastic union of their kingdoms and laying the foundations of the Kingdom of Spain. 1492 - Discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus starts the creation of Spain's overseas empire, the shift of commercial activity from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and the decline of Catalonia's economic and political importance. 1640-52 - The Reapers' War - Catalonia revolts against the taxation policies of Philip IV of Spain, is briefly declared a republic under French protection before being reoccupied by Spanish troops. -
Welfare Nationalism in Catalonia: the Interplay of National Identity and Welfare State Development in the Catalan Healthcare System
WELFARE NATIONALISM IN CATALONIA: THE INTERPLAY OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND WELFARE STATE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CATALAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM © 2018 By Francisco Hernández A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies at the Croft Institute for International Studies The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi University, Mississippi May 2018 Approved: __________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Miguel Centellas __________________________________ Reader: Dr. William Schenck __________________________________ Reader: Dr. Joshua First Hernández ii Table of Contents 1. Introduction: Sub-State Nationalism—The Reformulation of an Old Debate ....................3 Research design ........................................................................................................................5 2. Literature Review: National Imaginaries and Social Policy ..................................................8 A brief history of Catalan nationalism .............................................................................................8 Theoretical framework of nationalism ............................................................................................10 The welfare state (and healthcare) as imbedded in the nation ..........................................................12 Table 1. Summary of relevant models of welfare states .......................................................... 17 3. Qualitative Analysis: Nationalism and Health Policy