Fall Cankerworm

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Pest Profile Photo credit: David Keith & Tim Miller, UNL Entomology Extension Common Name: Fall Cankerworm Scientific Name: Alsophila pometaria Order and Family: Lepidoptera, Geometridae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg dark grayish-brown with a dot and a ring 1.0 mm on top Larva/Nymph vary between light green and dark 25.0 mm (mature larvae) brownish-green have white lines running down their body from the head to the tip of the abdomen dark-brownish green caterpillars have a black stripe the length of their back Adult males are small, have wings, and are grayish color with some white lines along 25.0 – 35.0 mm (male the wings wingspread) females have a grayish colored body and 10.0 – 12.0 mm (female) wingless Pupa (if applicable) yellow to yellow-green in color wrapped in a silken cocoon Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Chewing (caterpillar) Host plant/s: black cherry, basswood, red and white oaks, beech, ash, boxelder, elm, sugar and red maples Description of Damage (larvae and adults): When the larvae are young, they eat on the underside of the leaves, making the leaf appear skeletonized. As the larvae get older, they cause more damage by eating almost the whole leaf. In some cases, the damage is to the extent of defoliation of the tree, especially in severe cases of outbreaks. Sometimes in bad outbreaks, these caterpillars can defoliate many trees. References: Ciesla, M, W. & Asaro, C (2016) Fall Crankerworm. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 182. Published by U.S. Deparment of Agriculture- Forest Service. Portland, Oregon. Cranshaw, W. (2014). Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs. Princeton University Press. Fall Cankerworm (Department of Entomology). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/fall-cankerworm Tony-2, Cotinis, Roberts, D. J., Ceiseman, (2005 October 31). Species Alsophila pometaria – Fall Cankerworm Moth – Hodges#6258. Retrieved February 3, 2016, from http://bugguide.net/node/view/35918 Wagner, D. L. (2005). Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to Identification and Natural History. Princeton University Press. .

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Maine Forest Service MAINE DEPARTMENT OF
Maine Forest Service ● MAINE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION FALL CANKERWORM Alsophila pometaria (Harris) Insect and Disease Laboratory ● 168 State House Station ● 50 Hospital Street ● Augusta, Maine ● 043330168 Damage This important pest of forest and shade trees occurs generally throughout most of Northeastern America where it feeds on a variety of hardwoods. Damage is first noticed in early May when feeding by the tiny larvae known as "cankerworms," "loopers," "inchworms" or "measuring worms" on the opening buds and expanding leaves causes the foliage to be skeletonized. Later as the larvae mature all but the midrib (and veins) of leaves are devoured. Occasional outbreaks of this pest in Maine have caused severe defoliation of oak and elm. The outbreaks are most often localized and usually last three to four years before natural control factors cause the population to collapse. Trees subjected to two or more years of heavy defoliation may be seriously damaged, especially weaker trees or trees growing on poor sites. Hosts Its preferred hosts are oak, elm and apple, but it also occurs on maple, beech, ash, poplar, box elder, basswood, and cherry. Description and Habits The wingless, greyishbrown female cankerworm moths emerge from the duff with the onset of cold weather in October and November and crawl up the tree trunks. The male moth is greyishbrown with a one inch wing span. Males can often be seen flitting through infested stands during the day or warmer nights during hunting season. The females are not often seen. Females deposit their eggs in singlelayered compact masses of 100 or more on the bark of smaller branches and twigs of trees often high in the crown from October to early December.
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