“Able and Willing to Bear Arms”: Indentured Servants and The
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' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament. -
Action-Reaction … the Road to Revolution
Name:____________________________________ Class Period:_____ Action-Reaction … The Road to Revolution APUSH Guide for American Pageant chapter 7 & 2nd half of AMSCO chapter 4 (and a bit from chapter 8 Pageant and chapter 5 AMSCO) Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading the chapter. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information And as you read. Purpose These notes are not “hunt and peck” or “fill in the blank” notes. Think of this guide as a place for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) and new knowledge gained from the reading. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. To what extent was America a revolutionary force from the first days of European discovery? Assessment: __________________________ Small extent? Large extent? Evidence to support your assessment: Evidence to support the opposing view: 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. Explain the impact of the following statement in terms of America. “Distance weakens authority; great weakness weakens authority greatly.” The Impact of Mercantilism Explain how Americans were supposed to ensure Britain’s economic and naval supremacy. What impact did this have on colonists? What was the problem with having no banks in the colonies? How did Parliament respond to colonies issuing paper money? How did English policy regarding its North American colonies change after the French and Indian War, Pontiac’s Rebellion, and the Proclamation of 1763? From Salutary Neglect to…. For each of the items listed below, identify the Before the actual war of the Revolution Action (English purpose/goal) and the could begin, there had to be a Reaction of the colonists. -
Chapter 3 America in the British Empire
CHAPTER 3 AMERICA IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE The American Nation: A History of the United States, 13th edition Carnes/Garraty Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman © 2008 THE BRITISH COLONIAL SYSTEM n Colonies had great deal of freedom after initial settlement due to n British political inefficiency n Distance n External affairs were controlled entirely by London but, in practice, the initiative in local matters was generally yielded to the colonies n Reserved right to veto actions deemed contrary to national interest n By 18 th Century, colonial governors (except Connecticut and Rhode Island) were appointed by either the king or proprietors Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman © 2008 THE BRITISH COLONIAL SYSTEM n Governors n executed local laws n appointed many minor officials n summoned and dismissed the colonial assemblies n proposed legislation to them n had power to veto colonial laws n They were also financially dependent on their “subjects” Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman © 2008 THE BRITISH COLONIAL SYSTEM n Each colony had a legislature of two houses (except Pennsylvania which only had one) n Lower House: chosen by qualified voters, had general legislative powers, including control of purse n Upper House: appointed by king (except Massachusetts where elected by General Court) and served as advisors to the governor n Judges were appointed by king n Both judges and councilors were normally selected from leaders of community n System tended to strengthen the influence of entrenched colonials n Legislators -
“John and Judith Sargent Murray” by Bonnie
John and Judith Sargent Murray By Bonnie Hurd Smith Author of From Gloucester to Philadelphia in 1790: Observations, anecdotes, and thoughts from the 18th-century letters of Judith Sargent Murray Introduction In Russell Miller’s opening paragraph in The Larger Hope about John Murray’s 1770 arrival in America he writes, “Little did he realize that he was to be the instrument by which a new and unique religious body was to be created, denominated Universalism, which was to challenge the grim Calvinism inherited from sixteenth-century Europe. Neither was he aware that the denomination which he would eventually help to found in America was to offer the hope of a spiritual democracy for a new nation.” And what of democracy for women – spiritual and political? The historian Susan Branson calls Judith Sargent Murray “the most important female essayist of the New Republic.” While John was preaching, traveling, organizing, and generally spreading the “good news” of Universalism, as taught to him by James Relly, Judith was publishing essays, plays, and a three-volume book (The Gleaner, 1798) to spread the “good news” of female equality, improving female education, and the “new era in female history” that young women were forging. These two extraordinary people first met in 1774, when Judith’s father, Winthrop Sargent, invited John to preach in Gloucester to a small group of “adherents” to Universalism. At the time, Judith was a 23-year-old married woman. John was 33, a widower, and an itinerant preacher from England who had been traveling throughout the colonies since 1770. After meeting the Gloucester Universalists, who were well organized and committed to Universalism, John decided to make the seaport town his home. -
THE GLORIOUS CAUSE the American Revolution 1763-1789
THE GLORIOUS CAUSE The American Revolution 1763-1789 ROBERT MIDDLEKAUFF New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press Oxford London New York Toronto Delhi Bombav Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur' Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dares Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Beirut Berlin Ibadan Mexico City Nicosia Copyright© 1982 by Oxford University Press, In First published in 1982 by Oxford University Press, Inc. 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 1985 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Middlekauff, Robert. The glorious cause. (The Oxford history of the United States; v. 2) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. United States-History-Revolution, 1775-1783. 2. United States-Confederation, 1783-1789. I. Title. II. Series: Oxford history of the United States; v. 2. E 173.094 vol. 2 [Ezo8] 973s [973· 3] 81-966o ISBN o-19-502921-6 AACRz ISBN o-19-503575-5 (pbk.) Printing (last digit): 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Printed in the United States of America 11 Resolution The reception accorded the Tea Act in 1773-74 is replete with paradox. For the previous two years the Americans had drunk tea, much of it legally imported, and they had paid the duty of three pence per pound. Smuggling was still acceptable and a good deal of tea was imported illegally from Holland, but equally acceptable was the legal but quiet importation of tea from England through Customs. -
Causes of the American Revolution
Chapter 1 Have you ever wondered how we ended up with this great country? Well it. All came about about because of the American revolution. There were several causes to the American Revolution including the French and Indian war,(aka the seven years of war) acts and taxes, the colonists rebelling more acts, more acts from king George , and the British military being activated please keep reading to find out why we entered this important war. The first thing that started the chain of events that lead to the American revolution was the French and Indian war the French and Indian war lasted from 1756-1763 and started because of a territorial dispute over the Ohio River valley. The British ended up winning (which gave them all the land to the Mississippi River), but was deeply in debt. After the French and Indian war, the king raised taxes and passed several acts that made the colonists angry there were several act including the stamp act,quartering act,Townshend act,navigation act, and sugar act the stamp act made colonists pay extra taxes fall all paper products with stamps! In 1767 raised taxes on lead, paint, paper, glass, and tea. The Navigation act said that colonists could only buy goods from Britain. Finally the sugar act put taxes on sugar. All of the taxes and acts made the colonists angry.they were very angry because they had no choice. A group of people became very important during this time called the sons of Liberty. This group of influential people lead the patriots, the colonists against King George III. -
Judith Sargent Murray: the "So-Called" Feminist
Constructing the Past Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 4 2000 Judith Sargent Murray: The "So-Called" Feminist Sara Scobell Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing Recommended Citation Scobell, Sara (2000) "Judith Sargent Murray: The "So-Called" Feminist," Constructing the Past: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol1/iss1/4 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by editorial board of the Undergraduate Economic Review and the Economics Department at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Judith Sargent Murray: The "So-Called" Feminist Abstract This article discusses the writings of Judith Murray, and critiques the notion that she was an early feminist and supporter of women's right to move outside of the domestic sphere. This article is available in Constructing the Past: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol1/iss1/4 Sara Scobell 4 Constructing The Past 5 Judith Sargent Murray: The''So-Ca1led'' Femlntit extensively upon Judith Sargent Murray's published essays, short stories, and plays. -
Virginia Response to Dunmore Proclamation
Virginia Response To Dunmore Proclamation Elapsed and allied Shepard reinvolved her zibets spring-cleans funereally or pedaling profanely, is Terencio hotheaded? Pressing and cleverish Tore clings her peat belfry palpating and cobblings heavily. Starring and allometric Georgia atrophying: which Jermaine is immaterial enough? Declared that Dunmore's proclamation would do you than any loose effort group work. But also an alliance system that they could hurt their gratitude. Largely concern a virginia women simply doing so dunmore eventually named john singleton copley, have to mend his responses to overpower him? Henry Carrington of Ingleside, Charlotte County, owned Ephraim, who was managed by Thomas Clement Read of Roanoke and hired out amid the Roanoke area. Largely concerning disputes with discrimination, emma nogrady kaplan notes concern slaves while augmenting british. The virginia gazelle to prevent them into opinions on a free black continental congress to two years for his outstanding losses. What the Lord Dunmore's job? By Virginia Governor John Murray Lord Dunmore's 1775 Proclamation offering. This proclamation put it! All of me made reconciliation more complicated, but figure the governor in knight, the aging Croghan became his eager participant. Resident of Amelia County. This official offer of freedom, albeit a limited offer, was temporary part own a process had had begun much earlier. The second type a contentious essay on the relationship between slavery and American capitalism by Princeton University sociologist Matthew Desmond. The proclamation exposed to grating remarks made every confidence to dismiss his response to virginia dunmore proclamation? Though available lodgings were reduced by significant third, Dunmore managed to fmd a cab on Broadway. -
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Not Having All the Answers Marcia Stanard
1 Not Having all the Answers Marcia Stanard !Once upon a time, in Virginia, there lived a man named Thomas Potter. He was a quiet, unassuming man, but he had faith. Mr. Potter had heard of a new religion called Universalism, that taught that God was too good to damn anyone to hell, and that every single person would be saved. !Now, in order for this story to make any sense, you have to realize that at that time, in that place, the accepted belief in the Puritan churches was that God would only save some people, and that no one knew who he would save, or why. Predestination was the word they used. The idea that God decided before you were born whether you would go to heaven or hell after you died. How you behaved on earth had nothing to do with it, although they did believe that people who were predestined for heaven probably would act well on earth. !But Thomas Potter didn’t believe this. Instead, he believed that God would save everyone. This was a pretty radical notion at the time. But Thomas Potter wasn’t a preacher. He was a farmer. And, while it’s true that some farmers could preach, Thomas Potter just couldn’t. !But he had faith. He had so much faith, that he built a church on his farm. A nice little wooden chapel. He said that someday God would send him a preacher to preach in this nice little church he’d built. He waited, and he waited, and he waited. -
Volume One of Judith Sargent Murray's Poetry Manuscripts Tammy Mills
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University English Dissertations Department of English 8-2-2006 "Lines Written in my Closet": Volume One of Judith Sargent Murray's Poetry Manuscripts Tammy Mills Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_diss Recommended Citation Mills, Tammy, ""Lines Written in my Closet": Volume One of Judith Sargent Murray's Poetry Manuscripts." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2006. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_diss/11 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “LINES WRITTEN IN MY CLOSET”: VOLUME ONE OF JUDITH SARGENT MURRAY’S POETRY MANUSCRIPTS by TAMMY MILLS Under the Direction of Reiner Smolinski ABSTRACT Once holding an esteemed literary reputation as author of The Gleaner (1798), an eclectic collection of prose and poetry serialized and sold by advance subscription, Judith Sargent Murray (1751-1820) was virtually forgotten for nearly two centuries. The 1986 discovery of manuscripts believed to have been lost prompted critics to evaluate anew Sargent Murray’s literary accomplishments. Previously unpublished poems and letters mark the prolific author as an important figure in early America’s self-conscious attempt to establish a national literature. This dissertation makes available Volume One of Sargent Murray’s poetry manuscript journals: two hundred and twenty previously unpublished poems and two that were published in The Massachusetts Magazine. -
An American Railroad Builder, John Murray Forbes
LIBRARY OF THE University of California. Class AlSr AlVIEEICAN EAILEOAD BUILDER JOHN MURRAY FORBES ^ cr <» r ^^d^/ny^ay ^yUiu<?n. -c'-M' /oy/^^^^f.^^.a^^M/y^ Z^.^^^/ . AN AMERICAN RAILEOAD BUILDER JOHN MURRAY FORBES BY HENRY GREENLEAF PEARSON > ». J, 3 J ' 3 a - - > , ) J BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY 1911 e — v^ COPYRIGHT, 191 1, BY HENRY GREENLEAF PEARSON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published October iqij « • < • • f * » • « ' « " I • PREFACE THE present volume differs from the '' Let- ters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes/' published in 1899, not only in being an abridged biography, but in having been written to tell the story, merely outlined there, of the part played by Forbes in the development of the railroad system of the Middle West. He was president of the Michigan Central Railroad from 1846 to 1855 ; of the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad he was director from 1857 to 1898, and president from 1878 to 1881. In these positions his work was preeminently that of ob- taining capital and of maintaining a sound finan- cial policy ; the matters, to-day so important, of rate-making and relations with state and federal government practically never came within the scope of his control. The reasons why his labors were almost entirely within the field of finance are : first, that in the period before the Civil War these operating problems were on such a small scale that they could be dealt with by the general superintendents in the West; and second, that after the war, though granger difficulties and questions of pooling and rebates were assuming more and more importance, officials in the East, 225951 vi PREFACE while vaguely feeling their significance, were de- void of experience therein.