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Association Des Amis Des Cables Sous-Marins Bulletin N° 51

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Association Des Amis Des Cables Sous-Marins Bulletin N° 51 ASSOCIATION DES AMIS DES CABLES SOUS-MARINS Le NC Antonio MEUCCI à La Seyne en août 2014 (G Fouchard) BULLETIN N° 51 – FEVRIER 2016 1 SOMMAIRE NUMERO 51 – FEVRIER 2016 Articles Auteurs Pages Couverture : Le NC Meucci à La Seyne sur Mer Rédaction 1 Sommaire Rédaction 2 Le billet du Président A. Van Oudheusden 3 La lettre du trésorier Gérard Fouchard 4 Undersea Fiber Communication Systems José Chesnoy 5 Le NC Meucci et les mensonges de l’histoire Rédaction 6 La technologie du futur des câbles sous marins José Chesnoy 10 L’actualité des câbles sous-marins Loic Le Fur 20 Les sémaphores de la Marine Yves Lecouturier 23 Gustave Ferrié et la radio pendant la Grande Guerre Gérard Fouchard 31 Paul Langevin à Toulon pendant la grande guerre Gérard Fouchard 39 Le point de vue de Pierre Suard Pierre Suard 45 Hommage à Alain Bacquey Jocelyne Yépès 46 Hommage à Marcel Ferrara J. L Bricout 47 Hommage à Jean Le Tiec Christian Delanis 48 Hommage à René Salvador Gérard Fouchard 49 FIN DE VOTRE ABONNEMENT AU BULLETIN Le numéro 50 devait être le dernier bulletin mais l’actualité, la technologie et les témoignages sur la guerre de 1914-1918 permettent l’édition plusieurs bulletins complémentaires. La trésorerie de l’association le permet. Je vous rappelle que la cotisation annuelle est de 5 euros. Seule une adhésion à jour vous permet recevoir le bulletin. Gérard Fouchard - Trésorier de l’AACSM - 40 Quai Hoche -83500 LA SEYNE SUR MER Site de l’association : www. Cablesm.fr 2 LE BILLET DU PRESIDENT Alain Van Oudheusden Je tiens à présenter à tous les adhérents, au nom du Bureau, mes meilleurs vœux à l’aube de 2016 et ce nouveau bulletin. L’acte de décès d’Alcatel-Lucent et de la filiale « Câbles sous-marins » après 125 ans de labeur au service du câble, de l’industrie française et de la France porte le millésime 2015. Le 24 octobre 2015, nous avons également déploré le décès de notre Président d’honneur, René Salvador à l’âge de 94 ans. Il avait fait toute sa carrière au service des câbles sous- marins, ce qui est devenu rare au sein des Polytechniciens. Cela traduisait de son côté, d’un attachement particulier, d’une part au métier, et d’autre part aux fonctionnaires et marins du service. Ces derniers lui en étaient particulièrement reconnaissants. Mais il y eut également en cette année 2015 la disparition du Maitre d’équipage Marcel Ferrara, à l’issue d’une longue maladie qu’il essayait de maitriser avec courage et humour pour donner le change. C’était un cadre des équipages très apprécié de tous, par ses compétences et son commerce affable. Disparition aussi, de l’officier mécanicien Johny Le Tiec, à l’aise en anglais, ce qui en faisait un agréable compagnon de sortie à Terre Neuve. Ses qualités de diplomate étaient appréciées par les réfractaires de la langue de Shakespeare. Notre ami Alain Bacquey manque également à l’appel. C’était un membre actif de notre association, commissaire aux comptes et correcteur du bulletin, toujours prêt à rendre service. Ce technicien au centre de La Seyne sur Mer avait adopté les labos et les navires. Il effectuait quelques campagnes de réparation et des déplacements dans les centres. Plusieurs thèmes ont été abordés dans ce bulletin : Des articles historiques sur la vie des sémaphores, et les débuts de la radio. Vous constaterez l’importance d’un dépôt de brevet en bonne et due forme. En 1901 on utilisait le sextant à horizon artificiel gyroscopique type Fleuriais. Les câbliers ont toujours bénéficié de la dernière invention disponible voire unique, comme en 1978 lorsque le calculateur du système Transit, venant d’un sous-marin atomique, prêté par la Marine U.S au Marcel Bayard. Des articles d’actualité de José Chesnoy et Loic Le Fur sur les limites de la technologie actuelle de l’amplification optique et sur les nouveaux projets de câbles sous-marins. Des articles liés à la guerre de 1914-1918, une guerre mondiale mais aussi de l’innovation qui ne s’est pas déroulée que dans les tranchées mais aussi dans les laboratoires et les arsenaux de Marine sur des applications telles que la radio, la cryptographie, la détection sous-marine. Autant d’applications qui ont permis de gagner la guerre sous-marine etc…. Apparemment, la FNARH apprécie notre travail bénévole, notre participation au colloque puisqu’elle nous encourage à poursuivre nos activités. Il est vrai que site internet, les conférences, le bulletin et …lien social constituent un bon bilan. Le nombre de visites du site et celui des pages lues sont assez impressionnants et constituent un bon bilan et un encouragement à continuer. Le président : A van Oudheusden. 3 LA LETTRE DU TRESORIER G. Fouchard L’actualité impose des devoirs au rédacteur en chef du bulletin (également trésorier). N’oublions pas de noter disparition de la société Alcatel-Lucent aux disparus de l’année et de rappeler le rôle de René Salvador à la fois dans la recherche des télécoms et dans la construction du lien social entre les anciens acteurs du secteur des câbles sous-marins qu’ils appartiennent aux groupes France Telecom, Alcatel ou aux autres entreprises du secteur. Il a su également nous réunir pour publier l’ouvrage “Du Morse à l’Internet”. Cet ouvrage majeur sur l’histoire des sous-marins. Il en fixa la structure. Il a relu chaque ligne, chaque page et a choisi chaque image. Lorsqu’il fut publié en 2005, Il regrettait l’absence d’une version en langue anglaise. Il proposa également de laisser à l’association tous les bénéfices de l’opération et dix ans plus tard, le document n’a pas pris une ride. Il a rappelé que depuis le début des systèmes téléphoniques sous-marins jusqu’en 1995, date de mise en service des premiers câbles sous-marins à fibres optiques et amplification optique, la technologie changeait tous les cinq ans. José Chesnoy, ancien directeur technique d’Alcatel-ASN (ER) nous explique en page 10 ci- après les raisons de la longévité de la technologie actuelle et de lire l’avenir “dans la boule de cristal”. C’est le chapitre qui compléterait une nouvelle édition de l’ouvrage “Du Morse à l’Internet”. En février 2016, José Chesnoy publie la deuxième édition du livre « Undersea Fiber Communication Systems » qui fournit une présentation détaillée des aspects techniques des systèmes de communications sous-marines, en mettant l'accent sur les avancées les plus récentes des technologies optiques. Cet ouvrage est une référence essentielle pour les acteurs de ce domaine comme l’édition précédente de 2000. Les grands thèmes du livre sont les technologies de transmission sous-marins ultra-longues distance pour les télécommunications, ainsi que les applications alternatives des câbles sous-marins, scientifiques et pétrolières. Il détaille en particulier: la technologie optique cohérente pour 100 Gbit / s et au-delà l’architecture des réseaux optiques immergés et leur reconfigurabilité le cycle de vie technique et organisationnel d'un réseau de câbles sous-marins Les aspects techniques et opérationnels de déploiement et d’upgrade Les aspects techniques et opérationnels des opérations marines Les chapitres du livre « Undersea Fiber Communication Systems » sont écrits par des experts du domaine : fournisseurs, opérateurs, consultants et universitaires. Plus de détail peut être trouvé directement sur : http://store.elsevier.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780128042694 Dernier point enfin, notre site internet. Notre webmestre Francis Tressières maintient une quantité d’informations qui portent sur l’actualité et l’histoire des câbles sous-marins en 3 langues : le français, l’anglais et l’espagnol. Le nombre de visites et de pages lues croit sans cesse et atteint plus de 9.000 pages lues par mois et 6.000 visites par mois en cette fin d’année 2015. Notre site est consulté dans le monde entier, surtout en Chine et au Japon. En conclusion, bien que l’association ait réduit la voilure dans le secteur culturel, le lien social se maintient avec la profession et le milieu éducatif et les productions culturelles, comme les adhérents se maintiennent. 4 UNDERSEA FIBER TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS José CHESNOY TABLE DES MATIERES/CONTENTS Foreword by Yves Ruggeri, Orange - Foreword by Valey Kamalov, Google Foreword by Neal S. Bergano, TE Subcom - Preface Part I Introduction 1 1 Presentation of submarine fiber communication 3 JoséChesnoy, 2 Historical overview of submarine communication systems 21 Gérard Fouchard Part II Submarine System Design 53 3 Basics of incoherent and coherent digital optical communications 55 Philippe Gallion, Telecom Paris Tech 4 Optical amplification 119 Dominique Bayart, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine networks 5 Ultra-long haul submarine transmission 165 Gabriel Charlet and Pascal Pecci, Alcatel-Lucent 6 Technologies for the mitigation of transmission impairments in ultra-long haul submarine networks 237 Eduardo F. Mateo, NEC 7 Unrepeatered Transmission 261 Herve Fevrier, Bertrand Clesca, Philippe Perrier, Do-Il Chang and Wayne S. Pelouch, Xtera 8 New applications for submarine cables 301 Stephen Lentz, OSI Part III Submarine Equipment 341 9 Architectures and management of submarine networks 343 Olivier Courtois and Caroline Bardelay-Guyot, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine networks 10 Submarine system powering 381 Koji Takehira, NEC 11 Submarine fibers 403 Scott R. Bickham, Hazel B. Matthews and Snigdharaj Mishra, Corning 12 Submerged plant equipment 421 Neal S. Bergano, Barbara Dean, Lara Garrett, Maurice E. Kordahi, Haifeng Li and Bruce Nyman, TE Subcom 13 Cable technology 465 Jean-Francois Libert and Gary Waterworth, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine networks 14 Submarine line terminal 509 Arnaud Leroy and Omar Ait Sab, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine networks Part IV Planning, Operation and Maintenance 551 15 System planning and deployment 553 Loic Lefur, Axiom 16 Submarine cable upgrades 577 Robert Hadaway, Elizabeth Rivera Hartling, Priyanth Mehta, Michael Hubbard, Darwin Evans, Loren Berg and Mark Hinds, Ciena 17 Marine and maintenance (from inception to end of life) 605 John Horne, Suboptic and Raynald Leconte, Orange Marine 5 LE NAVIRE CABLIER ANTONIO MEUCCI Retour sur des mensonges de l’histoire Le navire câblier Antonio Meucci Le navire câblier Antonio Meucci a commencé la garde de la zone MECMA, qui comprend la Méditerranée, la Mer Rouge et la Mer Noire.
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