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University Microfilm S International 300 N Cytotaxonomy And Cytogeography Of Selected Arctic And Boreal Alaskan Vascular Plant Taxa Item Type Thesis Authors Dawe, Janice Carol Download date 29/09/2021 03:22:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8349 INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilm s International 300 N. ZEEB ROAD. ANN ARBOR. Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW. LONDON WC1R 4EJ. ENGLAND Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. j " 1314678“ . DAWE* JANICE CAROL j CYTQTAXQNQMY AND CYTOGEQGRAPHV OF SELECTED ! ARCTIC AND BOREAL ALASKAN VASCULAR:PLANT 1 TAXA. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA* M.S., 1979 U n t e r s i f r . M icrdRlms International 300 n. zeeb road, ann arbor, mi 48io6 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark . 1. Glossy photographs ________ 2. Colored illustrations ________ 3. Photographs with dark background ________ ‘4. Illustrations are poor copy________ 5. Drint shows through as there is text on both sides of page _________ 6. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages *— throughout 7. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_________ 8. Computer printout pages with indistinct print________ 9. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author ________ 10. Page(s) ________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows ________ 11. Poor carbon copy ________ 12. Not original copy, several pages with blurred type ________ 13. Appendix pages are poor copy _________ 14. Original copy with light type _________ 15. Curling and wrinkled pages ________ 16. Other University M icraiirn s International 300 Ni Z=E= RD.. ANN A.R30B Nil 48106 <313! 761-4700 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CYTOTAXONOMY AND CYTOGEOGRAPHY OF SELECTED ARCTIC AND BOREAL ALASKAN VASCULAR PLANT TAXA A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Janice C. Dawe, B.A. Fairbanks, Alaska December, 1979 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CYTOTAXONOMY AND CYTOGEOGRAPHY OF SELECTED ARCTIC AND BOREAL ALASKAN VASCULAR PLANT TAXA RECOMMENDED: Chairman, Advisory Committee lA Head, Program of Biological Sciences APPROVED: C- "Siv^ Dean of the College of Environmental Sciences — 611^-7^ Date AuJ~h fB- 'yjf/tfTuY / BJ£ Vice Chancel11or for Research and AAddvanced Study / V * 2 J9 7 9 Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Chromosome numbers of 141 Alaskan plant taxa were determined from seedling root tips and apical meristerns, yielding 17 first chromosome counts, 17 new ploidy levels, and 47 first reports for Alaskan material. These data were then applied to problems of systematics and plant geography. Oceanic and circumboreal taxa show more numerous cytotypes and morphotypes than continental taxa, perhaps due to the greater number of refugia from which they have radiated. Extreme environment may account for the chromosomal conservatism seen in high arctic circumpolar as opposed to low arctic circumboreal taxa. An analysis of the polyploid age spectra represented by these elements should help resolve problems concerning Alaska’s floristic history. i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following people. Above all, Dr. David F. Murray, whose sustained guidance, support, and encouragement shaped my entire master's degree program. His comments concerning systematics, chromosome botany, and phytogeography assisted me during every phase of manuscript preparation. I hope that the end product reflects much that I have learned from him. Dr. Gerald F. Shields taught me how to look at and interpret chromosome structure and function and his teachings in cytogenetics have continually inspired me. His suggestions brought about substantial revisions in this manuscript. Dr. R. D. Guthrie's unique perspective and suggestions led me more than once to explore new directions and concepts. Peter R. Tryon marshalled a bumbling beginner through the magic of computers and the certitude of statistical tests. Dominique Collet traced the original camera lucida drawings and helped me prepare several text figures. Alan R. Batten, Martha A. Hatch, Belle H. Mickelson, Robert Lipkin, Dr. Murray, Carolyn A. Parker, and Declan M. Troy collected plant and seed vouchers for many critical taxa that I otherwise would never have had the chance to work with. Special thanks go to Rob, Carolyn, and A1 for many enjoyable hours of discussion about plant systematics and evolution. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V Specific support for work completed during preparation of the thesis was provided by Grants-In-Aid from the Geist Fund of the Alaska Museum and the Sigma Xi Society. In addition, cytological material was made available as a consequence of contracts and grants awarded to Dr. Murray by the Bureau of Land Management, Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory, and Environmental Protection Agency. The Herbarium of the University of Alaska Museum provided support for field and laboratory study. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS Abstract------------------------------------------- iii Acknowl edgements i v Figures-------------------------------------------------------- — vii Tables------------------------------- •----------------------------- viii Introduction------------------------------------------------------- 1 Materials and Methods---------------------------------------------- 7 Geographic Provenance of Cytologic Material--------------------- 7 Preparation and Documentation of Chromosome Spreads-------------- 7 Results------------------------------------------------------------ 11 Annotated Species List------------------------------------------- 11 Summary--------------------------------------------------------- 106 Cytotaxonomy------------------------------------------------- 106 Cytogeography------------------------------------------------ 116 Cytogeographic trends with Hulten's equiformal distribution areas----------------------------------------- 117 FI ori stic zonation by Young-------------------------------- 124 Discussion--------------------------------------------------------- 129 Conclusions-------------------------------------------------- ;------ 136 Appendix: Documentation of Chromosome Counts------------------------ 138 Li terature Ci ted-------------------------------------------------- 154 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vii FIGURES Number Page 1 Seven major collection areas for cytologic material------------- 8 2 Distribution of chromosome numbers in Rumex arcticus Trautv.-Rumex kamtschadal us Komarov------------------------- 25 3 Distribution of chromosome numbers in Claytonia sibirica L. 30 4 Geographic provenance and number of taxa at each ploidy level in the Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. species complex------------- 66 5 Distribution of chromosome numbers in Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. ssp. varians (Rydb.) Barneby in Alaska, Yukon, and Northwest Territories-------------------------------------------
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