DOCSLIB.ORG

Chugach State Park Management Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CHUGACH STATE PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN Adopted February 2016 CHUGACH STATE PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN Adopted February 2016 Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation Cover photos courtesy of: Bull Moose Fight by: Donna Dewhurst Northern Lights Rainbow by: Larry Anderson Falls Creek- Turnagain by: Stephen Nickel Bird Ridge by: Wayne Todd Lupine At Chugach and Eklutna Lake by: Jeff Nelson Evening Beaver Ponds by: Jim Wood Credits and Acknowledgements Planning Team Monica Alvarez, Project Manager/Planner, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mining, Land & Water Amanda Hults, Planner, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mining, Land & Water Thomas Harrison, Chugach State Park Superintendent, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation Matthew Wedeking, Chugach State Park Chief Ranger, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation Ruth Booth, Publisher, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mining, Land & Water Plan Contributors Acknowledgements are gratefully due to the following Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation staff for their help in the planning process and contributions to the plan: Thomas Crockett, Kurt Hensel, Preston Kroes, Ian Thomas, and Keith Wilson- Former and Present Chugach State Park Rangers; Blaine Smith- Chugach State Park Specialist; Bill Evans- Former Landscape Architect; Lucille Baranko- Landscape Specialist; Claire Leclair- Chief of Field Operations; Ben Ellis- Director; Chris Degernes- Former Chief of Field Operations; Penny Bauder- Former Planner; Al Meiners- Former CSP Park Superintendent Current and Former Chugach State Park Citizen Advisory Board Members: Adrienne Lindholm, Anna Hilbruner, Brian Goodman, Deb Ajango, Frank Wesser, Gary Gustafson, Gary Otts, Jennifer Johnston, John Scudder, Judy Caminer, Julian Mason, Mark Miraglia, Mark Smith, Melissa Bartley, Niel Thomas, Pat Athey, Patrick Kuckertz, Pat Pourchot, Pete Panarese, Rebecca King, Ronald Lurk, Sarah Leonard, Terri Morganson, George Pollock Other Contributors and Technical Assistants Birds Thede Tobish- Municipality of Anchorage Melanie Smith and Eric Meyers- Audubon Alaska Climate Sam Albanese, Sam Shea, and Debbie Brown- NOAA Cultural History Jo Antonson- DNR, Office of History and Archaeology i Fish Dan Bosch- ADF&G Geology Chad Hults- U. S. Geological Survey Soils Mark Clark- USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service Sportfish Stocking Program Marla Carter and Diane Loopstra- ADF&G, Sport Fish Division Wildlife Jessi Coltrane and Rick Sinnott- ADF&G, Division of Wildlife Conservation Anchorage Finally, the participation of the public has been a tremendous asset to this planning process. ii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Park Goals and Objectives ......................................................................................9 Chapter 3: Natural and Cultural Resources ............................................................................11 Natural History...................................................................................................................11 Cultural History .................................................................................................................25 Chapter 4: Park Use and Issues ...............................................................................................29 Recreational Use and Trends .............................................................................................29 Nonrecreational Uses .........................................................................................................30 Land Management .............................................................................................................30 Resource Management .......................................................................................................33 Funding ..............................................................................................................................34 General ...............................................................................................................................35 Chapter 5: Areawide Management Direction and Guidelines ................................................37 Land Use Designations ......................................................................................................37 Guidelines for Activities & Facilities Within Land-Use Designations in Chugach State Park ......................................................................................................43 Watershed Management.....................................................................................................57 Vegetation Management ....................................................................................................58 Fish and Wildlife Management ..........................................................................................59 Trail Management ..............................................................................................................60 Infrastructure Development and Management...................................................................60 Proposed Park Additions, Land Acquisitions, and Boundary Adjustments ......................62 Management Agreements ..................................................................................................65 Management and Staffing Efficiencies ..............................................................................70 Chapter 6: Management for Each Unit ...................................................................................73 Eklutna-Peters Creek Planning Unit ..................................................................................73 Eagle River Planning Unit .................................................................................................85 Ship Creek Planning Unit ..................................................................................................95 Hillside Planning Unit......................................................................................................101 Turnagain Arm Planning Unit .........................................................................................109 Chapter 7: Implementation ...................................................................................................123 Appendix A: Glossary...........................................................................................................127 Appendix B: Statutes & Regulations for Chugach State Park ..............................................133 Appendix C: Boundary Adjustment Package for Chugach State Park .................................141 Appendix D: Plants, Mammals, Fish and Birds of Chugach State Park ...............................143 Appendix E: Planning Units & ADF&G Special Management Areas .................................149 Appendix F: Bibliography ....................................................................................................151 iii Tables Table 5.1: Resource Management...........................................................................................44 Table 5.2: Public Uses ............................................................................................................47 Table 5.3: Other Uses .............................................................................................................52 Table 5.4: Facilities .................................................................................................................53 Table 5.5: Commercial Uses/Other.........................................................................................55 Figures and Maps Figure 1: Generalized Land Ownership ....................................................................................5 Figure 2: Planning Units ...........................................................................................................7 Figure 3: Geology ...................................................................................................................19 Figure 4: Vegetation ...............................................................................................................21 Figure 5: Anadromous Fish & Large Game Distribution .......................................................23 Figure 6: Land Use Designations ............................................................................................41 Map 6.1: Eklutna-Peters Creek Unit .......................................................................................81 Map 6.2: Eklutna-Peters Creek Unit .......................................................................................83 Map 6.3: Eagle River & Ship Creek Units .............................................................................93 Map 6.3: Eagle River & Ship Creek Units .............................................................................99 Map 6.4: Hillside Unit ..........................................................................................................107 Map 6.5: Turnagain Arm Unit ..............................................................................................119 Map 6.6: Turnagain Arm Unit ..............................................................................................121 iv Chapter
Recommended publications
  • NOTES on the BIRDS of CHIRIKOF ISLAND, ALASKA Jack J

    NOTES on the BIRDS of CHIRIKOF ISLAND, ALASKA Jack J

    NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF CHIRIKOF ISLAND, ALASKA JACK J. WITHROW, University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Isolated in the western Gulf of Alaska 61 km from nearest land and 74 km southwest of the Kodiak archipelago, Chirikof Island has never seen a focused investigation of its avifauna. Annotated status and abundance for 89 species recorded during eight visits 2008–2014 presented here include eastern range extensions for three Beringian subspecies of the Pacific Wren (Troglodytes pacificus semidiensis), Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia sanaka), and Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch (Leucost- icte tephrocotis griseonucha). A paucity of breeding bird species is thought to be a result of the long history of the presence of introduced cattle and introduced foxes (Vulpes lagopus), both of which persist to this day. Unique among sizable islands in southwestern Alaska, Chirikof Island (55° 50′ N 155° 37′ W) has escaped focused investigations of its avifauna, owing to its geographic isolation, lack of an all-weather anchorage, and absence of major seabird colonies. In contrast, nearly every other sizable island or group of islands in this region has been visited by biologists, and they or their data have added to the published literature on birds: the Aleutian Is- lands (Gibson and Byrd 2007), the Kodiak archipelago (Friedmann 1935), the Shumagin Islands (Bailey 1978), the Semidi Islands (Hatch and Hatch 1983a), the Sandman Reefs (Bailey and Faust 1980), and other, smaller islands off the Alaska Peninsula (Murie 1959, Bailey and Faust 1981, 1984). With the exception of most of the Kodiak archipelago these islands form part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR), and many of these publications are focused largely on seabirds.
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
  • Trapping Regulations You May Trap Wildlife for Subsistence Uses Only Within the Seasons and Harvest Limits in These Unit Trapping Regulations

    Trapping Regulations You May Trap Wildlife for Subsistence Uses Only Within the Seasons and Harvest Limits in These Unit Trapping Regulations

    Trapping Regulations You may trap wildlife for subsistence uses only within the seasons and harvest limits in these unit trapping regulations. Trapping wildlife out of season or in excess of harvest limits for subsistence uses is illegal and prohibited. However, you may trap unclassified wildlife (such as all squirrel and marmot species) in all units, without harvest limits, from July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2016. Subsistence Trapping Restrictions When taking wildlife for subsistence purposes, ● Take (or assist in the taking of) furbearers by firearm trappers may not: before 3:00 a.m. on the day following the day on which airborne travel occurred. This does not apply to a ● Disturb or destroy a den (except any muskrat pushup trapper using a firearm to dispatch furbearers caught in or feeding house that may be disturbed in the course of a trap or snare. trapping). ● Use a net or fish trap (except a blackfish or fyke trap). ● Disturb or destroy any beaver house. ● Use a firearm other than a shotgun, muzzle-loaded ● Take beaver by any means other than a steel trap or rifle, rifle or pistol using center-firing cartridges, for the snare, except certain times of the year when firearms taking of a wolf or wolverine, except that: may be used to take beaver in Units 9, 12, 17, 18, 20E, ■ You may use a firearm that shoots rimfire 21E, 22 and 23. See Unit-specific regulations. cartridges to take wolf and wolverine under a ● Under a trapping license, take a free-ranging furbearer trapping license. You may sell the raw fur or tanned with a firearm on NPS lands.
  • 2020 January Scree

    2020 January Scree

    the SCREE Mountaineering Club of Alaska January 2020 Volume 63, Number 1 Contents Mount Anno Domini Peak 2330 and Far Out Peak Devils Paw North Taku Tower Randoism via Rosie’s Roost "The greatest danger for Berlin Wall most of us is not that our aim is too high and we Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes miss it, but that it is too Peak of the Month: Old Snowy low and we reach it." – Michelangelo JANUARY MEETING: Wednesday, January 8, at 6:30 p.m. Luc Mehl will give the presentation. The Mountaineering Club of Alaska www.mtnclubak.org "To maintain, promote, and perpetuate the association of persons who are interested in promoting, sponsoring, im- proving, stimulating, and contributing to the exercise of skill and safety in the Art and Science of Mountaineering." This issue brought to you by: Editor—Steve Gruhn assisted by Dawn Munroe Hut Needs and Notes Cover Photo If you are headed to one of the MCA huts, please consult the Hut Gabe Hayden high on Devils Paw. Inventory and Needs on the website (http://www.mtnclubak.org/ Photo by Brette Harrington index.cfm/Huts/Hut-Inventory-and-Needs) or Greg Bragiel, MCA Huts Committee Chairman, at either [email protected] or (907) 350-5146 to see what needs to be taken to the huts or repaired. All JANUARY MEETING huts have tools and materials so that anyone can make basic re- Wednesday, January 8, at 6:30 p.m. at the BP Energy Center at pairs. Hutmeisters are needed for each hut: If you have a favorite 1014 Energy Court in Anchorage.
  • Programming Suggestions for Alaskan Adventures

    Programming Suggestions for Alaskan Adventures

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 342 591 RC 018 581 AUTHOR Miner, Todd TITLE First Steps to the Last Frontier: Programming Suggestions for Alaskan Adventures. PUB DATE Oct 91 NOTE 9p.; In: Proceedings of the International Conference and Workshop Summaries Book of the International Association for Experiential Education (19th, Lake Junaluska, NC, October 24-27, 1991); see RC 018 571. PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -- Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Adventure Education; *Outdoor Activities; *Recreation; *Tourism; *Travel IDENTIFIERS *Alaska; *Wilderness ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of trip programming in klaska for those seeking a low-cost wilderness adventure. Alaska is a land of glaciers, mountains, lakes, rivers, forests, and wildlife. Safety is a major concern when traveling in Alaska. A local guide or outdoor educator can assist with safety and logistical planning. Travelers should plan to spend at least 2 weeks in Alaska. July and August are the most popular months to visit the state. Lodging, rentals, and some fresh foods are more expensive than in the rest of the country, although gas, outdoor equipment, and food staples are about the same as in the rest of the country. Public transportation includes the Alaska Railroad, buses, airlines, and the Alaska Marine Highway System. The paper lists specific low-cost wilderness trips in the following areas:(1) backpacking and ski touriAg;(2) trekking and ski touring;(3) mountain biking;(4) climbing and alpine ski touring;(5) river running and flatwater touring; and (6) sea kayaking. The paper recommends 26 trips, with a brief description and the number of days to be allotted for each.
  • Chugach National Forest Wilderness Area Inventory and Evaluation

    Chugach National Forest Wilderness Area Inventory and Evaluation

    Chugach National Forest Wilderness Area Inventory and Evaluation Overview of the Wilderness Area Recommendation Process As part of plan revision, the responsible official, the forest supervisor, shall “identify and evaluate lands that may be suitable for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System and determine whether to recommend any such lands for wilderness designation” (36 CFR 219.7(c)(2)(v), effective May 9, 2012). Forest Service directives (FSH 1909.12, Chapter 70) for implementing the 2012 Planning Rule provide further guidance on how to complete this process in four steps: (1) Identify and inventory all lands that may be suitable for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System (2) Evaluate the wilderness characteristics of each area based on a given set of criteria (3) The forest supervisor will determine which areas to further analyze in the NEPA process (4) The forest supervisor will decide which areas, if any, to recommend for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System This report provides documentation for the inventory and evaluation steps of this process, and is divided into two sections. The first section provides information about the inventory process and results. These results also include a description of the current conditions and management for vegetation, wildlife, fish, recreation, and access to the Chugach National Forest as they are related to wilderness character. This description is intended to provide a big-picture view of national forest resources and serve as a foundation for the evaluation section. The second section provides an area by area evaluation of wilderness characteristics found in the inventoried lands.
  • Alaska Range

    Alaska Range

    Alaska Range Introduction The heavily glacierized Alaska Range consists of a number of adjacent and discrete mountain ranges that extend in an arc more than 750 km long (figs. 1, 381). From east to west, named ranges include the Nutzotin, Mentas- ta, Amphitheater, Clearwater, Tokosha, Kichatna, Teocalli, Tordrillo, Terra Cotta, and Revelation Mountains. This arcuate mountain massif spans the area from the White River, just east of the Canadian Border, to Merrill Pass on the western side of Cook Inlet southwest of Anchorage. Many of the indi- Figure 381.—Index map of vidual ranges support glaciers. The total glacier area of the Alaska Range is the Alaska Range showing 2 approximately 13,900 km (Post and Meier, 1980, p. 45). Its several thousand the glacierized areas. Index glaciers range in size from tiny unnamed cirque glaciers with areas of less map modified from Field than 1 km2 to very large valley glaciers with lengths up to 76 km (Denton (1975a). Figure 382.—Enlargement of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) image mosaic of the Alaska Range in summer 1995. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration image mosaic from Mike Fleming, Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska. The numbers 1–5 indicate the seg- ments of the Alaska Range discussed in the text. K406 SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD and Field, 1975a, p. 575) and areas of greater than 500 km2. Alaska Range glaciers extend in elevation from above 6,000 m, near the summit of Mount McKinley, to slightly more than 100 m above sea level at Capps and Triumvi- rate Glaciers in the southwestern part of the range.
  • Snoquera Landscape Analysis Draft Environmental Assessment

    Snoquera Landscape Analysis Draft Environmental Assessment

    United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Snoquera Landscape Analysis Draft Environmental Assessment Snoqualmie Ranger District, Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, King and Pierce Counties, WA December 2018 For More Information Contact: Snoqualmie Ranger District 902 SE North Bend Way North Bend, WA 98045 (425) 888-1421 Cover Picture: Snoquera Falls, WA. Photo Credit: Julie Okita The name Snoquera originates from the amalgamation of "Snoqualmie" and "Emergency Relief Appropriations" (ERA) Act of 1935 - part of Roosevelt's New Deal programs. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form.
  • Draft Plant Propagation Protocol

    Draft Plant Propagation Protocol

    Plant Propagation Protocol for Gentiana glauca ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/GEGL.pdf (2) TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Gentianaceae (1) Name Common Name Gentian Family (1) Species Scientific Name Scientific Gentiana glauca Pall. Name Varieties No Varieties Recognized Sub-species No Sub-species Recognized Cultivar Not available Common Dasystephana glauca (Pall.) Rydb. Synonym(s) Entianodes glauca (Pall.) Á. Löve & D. Löve (1) Common Pale Gentian, laucus Gentian, Inky Gentian, Smooth Alpine Gentian Name(s) (5) Species Code GEGL (as per USDA Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range (1) (1) Ecological Western mountains, valleys, and coasts (1) distribution Climate and 1890-2350 m (2) Moist environments and seepage areas (2) elevation range Local habitat They are commonly found in meadows and grow next to Engelmann spruce (Picea and engelmannii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), willow (Salix spp.), mountain heather abundance (Phyllodoce spp., Cassiope tetragona), sedges (Carex spp.), dwarf bilberry, mosses , and lichens (2) Plant strategy Forb/herb (1) type / successional stage Plant Perennial herb (8) doesn’t get higher than 6 in tall. (9) characteristic s PROPAGATION DETAILS Some information listed in this section is from a similar plant, marked as follows, *Sourced from Gentiana andrewsii Griseb ** sources from Gentiana L. spp. Gentian Ecotype Not Available Propagation Plants Goal Propagation Seed Method Container Stock Type Time to Grow Not Provided Target Outplant in early to late spring, mature plants can be out planted during a cold frame Specifications (winter) as long as you cover the plant with a material that diffuses light (10)* Propagule Not Provided Collection Instructions Propagule Single chambered capsules, seeds are flat, a palish tan color, and irregularly wrinkled (2) Processing/Pr opagule Pre-Planting In order for faster germination, treat seeds with gibberellic acid.
  • SOLIDAGO BRENDIAE ABSTRACT a New Species of S

    SOLIDAGO BRENDIAE ABSTRACT a New Species of S

    Semple, J.C. 2013. A new species of Triplinerviae goldenrod in eastern Canada (Asteraceae: Astereae): Solidago brendiae . Phytoneuron 2013-57: 1–9. Published 21 August 2013 ISSN 2153 733X A NEW SPECIES OF TRIPLINERVIAE GOLDENROD IN EASTERN CANADA (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE): SOLIDAGO BRENDIAE JOHN C. SEMPLE Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 [email protected] ABSTRACT A new species of Solidago is described from collections made in Maritime Canada. Fernald (1915, 1950) treated some of these plants as S. lepida var. elongata , which is native to far western North America. Comparison of these entire to sharply and coarsely serrate narrower leaved specimens that are sparsely hairy to glabrate with S. canadensis and the broader leaved and sometimes more hairy specimens of the S. lepida complex from Quebec, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island indicate that Fernald was correct in recognizing two closely related races native to the Canadian Maritimes that are similar to the mostly western S. lepida, but they are treated here as varieties of S. fallax. Fernald was incorrect in thinking that the narrower leaved race belonged in S. elongata . These three eastern taxa are diploid while the S. lepida infrequently occurring in the Maritimes is hexaploid. All four taxa are usually more stipitate- glandular and have more leafy inflorescences with ascending branches than in sometimes similar S. canadensis . The following new name and combinations are proposed: Solidago brendiae Semple, sp. nov. , Solidago fallax (Fernald) Semple, comb. et stat. nov. , and Solidago fallax var. molina (Fernald) Semple, comb. nov. KEY WORDS : Solidago brendiae , Solidago canadensis , Solidago elongata , Solidago fallax , Solidago lepida , biogeography, Canada Fernald (1915) described two new varieties of Solidago lepida DC., var.
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)

    South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24

    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24

    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying