SAHEL RESILIENCE LEARNING (SAREL) RISEApril 2013 Baseline Survey Report March 2016 (Revised version) This document was prepared for the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by The Mitchell Group, Inc. (TMG). This document was prepared for the United States Agency for International Development, Contract No. AID-625-C-14-00002 Sahel Resilience Learning (SAREL) Project. Prepared by: The Mitchell Group, Inc. with the support of the Institut de Management Conseils et Formation and SAREL Senior M&E Consultant, Dr. John McCauley Principal contacts: Steve Reid, Chief of Party, SAREL, Niamey, Niger, [email protected] Lans Kumalah, Program Coordinator, TMG, Inc., Washington, DC, lansk@the- mitchellgroup.com Implemented by: The Mitchell Group, Inc. 1816 11th Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 Tel: 202-745-1919 The Mitchell Group, Inc. SAREL Project behind ORTN Quartier Issa Béri Niamey, Niger SAHEL RESILIENCE LEARNING PROJECT (SAREL) RISE BASELINE SURVEY REPORT MARCH 2016 (revised version) DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ______________________________________________________ vi LIST OF FIGURES _____________________________________________________ ix LIST OF ACRONYMS ___________________________________________________ x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ________________________________________________ xi SUMMARY OF BASELINE INDICATOR OUTCOMES _________________________ vi 1. INTRODUCTION____________________________________________________ 1 1.1 Overview of the RISE Initiative ____________________________________ 2 1.2 Overview of the SAREL Project ___________________________________ 5 1.3 Overview of the Baseline Study ___________________________________ 6 2. METHODOLOGY ___________________________________________________ 8 2.1 Data Collection ________________________________________________ 8 2.2 Exploitation of the Data Collected ________________________________ 16 3. HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES __________________________________ 19 3.1 Demographic Characteristics of Surveyed Population _________________ 19 3.2 Household Characteristics ______________________________________ 22 3.3 Home Features and Construction_________________________________ 27 3.4 Drinking Water Supply _________________________________________ 29 3.5 Types of Toilets Used by Households _____________________________ 30 3.6 Livestock Headcount __________________________________________ 30 3.7 Farm Lands _________________________________________________ 31 3.8 Livelihoods __________________________________________________ 34 4. HOUSEHOLD POVERTY ____________________________________________ 40 4.1 Prevalence of Poverty in RISE Areas______________________________ 40 4.2 Depth of Poverty in RISE Areas __________________________________ 44 4.3 Summary of Prevalence and Depth of Poverty _______________________ 47 4.4 Asset Ownership _____________________________________________ 48 4.5. Average Value of Household Assets ______________________________ 48 5. HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION ______________________________________ 51 5.1 Moderate and Severe Hunger ___________________________________ 51 5.2 Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) in the RISE Areas ___________________55 5.3 Prevalence of Stunted Children Under 5 ___________________________ 59 iv 5.4 Prevalence of Underweight Children under 5 ________________________ 61 5.5 Household Dietary Diversity _____________________________________ 63 5.6 Share of Children Receiving a Minimum Acceptable Diet ______________ 64 5.7 Share of Exclusively Breastfeeding in Children under 6 Months _________ 65 6. COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE AND RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE SHOCKS _____ 67 6.1 Communities Demonstrating Improved Governance __________________ 67 6.2 Communities DemonstratingImproved Climate Shock Management ______ 68 6.3 Shock and Household Recovery Strategies _________________________ 71 6.4 Individuals Engaged with Local Power Structures ____________________ 83 6.5 Households with Income from Non-Agricultural Sources _______________ 84 7. WOMEN'S ROLES _________________________________________________ 88 7.1 Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index________________________ 88 7.2 Share Supporting Equal Access for Women ________________________ 92 7.3 Share of Women Reporting Effective Participation in Decisions _________ 93 8. CLEANLINESS AND SANITATION ____________________________________96 8.1 Households with Improved Shource of Drinking Water ________________ 96 8.2 Households with Soap-and-Water Handwashing Stations ______________ 98 8.3 Households Using Improved Sanitation Systems____________________ 100 9. CONCLUSION ___________________________________________________ 102 APPENDIX A. Methodological Guidelines for Measuring Indicators ______________ 103 APPENDIX B. WHO Height and Weight Standards __________________________ 142 APPENDIX C. Baseline Survey Questionnaires _____________________________ 165 Household Questionnaire ___________________________________________ 166 Grender Questionnaire _____________________________________________ 205 Household Food Consumption Survey & Child Anthropometry Questionnaire ___ 217 Villlage Questionnaire ______________________________________________ 239 APPENDIX D – List of Sample Villages ____________________________________ 261 APPENDIX E – Scope of Work for the RISE Baseline Survey ___________________ 266 v LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Sampling Weights for Households and Communities__________________ 15 Table 3.1: Population Distribution by Sex ___________________________________ 19 Table 3.2: Average and Median Age by Sex _________________________________ 20 Table 3.3: Relationship to Head of Household _______________________________ 21 Table 3.4: Marital Status of the Population __________________________________ 22 Table 3.5: Household Size ______________________________________________ 23 Table 3.6: Distribution of Heads of Households by Selected Characteristics ________ 24 Table 3.7: Local Language Literacy _______________________________________ 26 Table 3.8: Foreign Language Literacy______________________________________ 26 Table 3.9: Number of Rooms and the Overcrowding Rate ______________________ 27 Table 3.10: Wall-Building Materials for Dwelling Structures _____________________ 28 Table 3.11: Roof-Building Materials for the Main Housing ______________________ 28 Table 3.12: Flooring Materials in Dwelling Structures __________________________ 29 Table 3.13: Main Source of Drinking Water Supply____________________________ 29 Table 3.14: Water Collection Average Time in Minutes _________________________30 Table 3.15: Average Number of Livestock Owned by Households ________________ 31 Table 3.16: Types of Farm Lands Worked by Surveyed Households ______________ 32 Table 3.17: Breakout of Farm Lands by Type ________________________________ 32 Table 3.18: Size of Household Farm Lands in RISE Zone ______________________ 33 Table 3.19: Mode of Acquisition of Land in the RISE Zone (count)________________ 33 Table 3.20: Mode of acquisition of land in the RISE zone (percentage) ____________ 34 Table 3.21: Main Activities by Age Group ___________________________________ 36 Table 3.22: Contribution of Agricultural & Non-agricultural Activities to Revenues ____ 38 Table 4.1: Prevalence of Poverty by Stratum ________________________________ 42 Table 4.2: Poverty Prevalence Rate by Sex of the Head of Household ____________ 43 Table 4.3: Prevalence of Poverty by Marital Status of the Head of Household _______ 44 Table 4.4: Depth of Poverty by Stratum ____________________________________ 45 Table 4.5: Depth of Poverty by Sex of the Head of Household ___________________ 46 Table 4.6: Expenditures and Poverty ______________________________________ 47 Table 4.7: Household Assets Possessed ___________________________________ 48 Table 4.8: Average Value of Household Assets ______________________________ 50 vi Table 5.1: Prevalence of Household Hunger _________________________________52 Table 5.2: Prevalence of Hunger by Stratum ________________________________ 53 Table 5.3: Prevalence of Household Hunger by Sex of the Head of Household ______ 53 Table 5.4: Hunger by Marital Status of the Head of Household __________________ 54 Table 5.5: Connection between Household Poverty and Hunger _________________ 55 Table 5.6: Poverty and Hunger by Sex of the Head of Household ________________ 55 Table 5.7: Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) Rate _____________________________ 57 Table 5.8: Global Acute Malnutrition and Poverty _____________________________ 58 Table 5.9: Correlation between Child Malnutrition and Household Poverty __________58 Table 5.10: Global Acute Malnutrition Rates in RISE Zone by Ethnic Group ________ 59 Table 5.11: Prevalence of Stunting in Children under 5 ________________________ 60 Table 5.12: Prevalence of Underweight Children under 5 _______________________ 62 Table 5.13: Household Dietary Diversity ____________________________________ 64 Table 5.14: Share of Children Receiving a Minimum Acceptable Diet _____________ 65 Table 5.15 Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Children under 6 Months ______ 66 Table 6.1: Share of Targeted Communities Demonstrating Good Governance ______ 68 Table 6.2: Communities Demonstratiing Climate Risk Management Capability ______ 69 Table 6.3: Principal Practices Adopted in Surveyed Villages to Adapt to Climate Change (times cited) ________________________________________________