Working Paper No. 473 Chinese Statistics: Output Data
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Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11 -
Undermining Freedom of Expression in China the Role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google
UNDERMINING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN CHINA The role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google Amnesty International ‘And of course, the information society’s very life blood is freedom. It is freedom that enables citizens everywhere to benefit from knowledge, journalists to do their essential work, and citizens to hold government accountable. Without openness, without the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, the information revolution will stall, and the information society we hope to build will be stillborn.’ KofiA nnan, UN Secretary General Published in July 2006 by Amnesty International UK The Human Rights Action Centre 17-25 New Inn Yard London EC2A 3EA United Kingdom www.amnesty.org.uk ISBN: 187332866 4 ISBN: 978-1-873328-66-8 AI Index: POL 30/026/2006 £5.99 CONTENTS Executive summary 4 1. Freedom of expression 8 1.1 A fundamental human right 8 1.2 Internet governance and human rights 8 2. Human rights responsibilities of companies 10 2.1 Responsibilities of Internet hardware and software companies 11 3. The human rights situation in China: an overview 13 3.1 The crackdown on human rights defenders 13 3.2 Curtailment of freedom of expression 14 3.3 Internet censorship in China 16 4. The role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google 17 4.1 Mismatch between values and actions 17 4.2 Contravening their principle that users come first 23 4.3 Uncovering their defences 23 4.4 From denial to acknowledgement 26 5. Recommendations for action 28 EXEcutIVE SuMMARY Amnesty International has produced many reports documenting the Chinese government’s violations of human rights.1 The expansion of investment in China by foreign companies in the field of information and communications technology puts them at risk of contributing to certain types of violation, particularly those relating to freedom of expression and the suppression of dissent. -
One Year After the Nobel Peace Prize Award to Liu Xiaobo” ______
Tuesday, December 6th, 2011 CECC Hearing: “One Year After the Nobel Peace Prize Award to Liu Xiaobo” _______ Testimony of Harry Wu Executive Director of Laogai Research Foundation & Laogai Museum It has been one year since Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and now, just as then, he is still in jail. In 1960 I too was put in China’s Laogai prison camps because of my ideas, and I was there for 19 years. Fifty years later, China’s regime has not changed how it handles dissenting opinions. I hope that today’s hearing will draw renewed attention to Liu’s case and remind the world what China does to those who dare to talk peacefully about democracy. Many people know that Liu was sentenced on charges of “inciting subversion”, but what crime did he really commit? Over the past few years, Liu has sent over 260 articles to our Observe China website for publication, and has also written on countless other overseas websites. His verdict mentioned several “subversive” articles by name, including three articles published on the Observe China website, including: “Can It Be That the Chinese People Deserve Only ‘Party-led Democracy’?”, “The Many Aspects of CPC Dictatorship”, and “Changing the Regime by Changing the Society”. Observe China is blocked by the “Great Firewall” and is inaccessible to most mainland Chinese Internet users. How does the CCP block controversial articles, while at the same time tracking their writers and readers? We have American technology companies to thank for this, and ultimately, for the arrest of great thinkers like Liu Xiaobo. -
Working Conditions and Worker Rights in China: Recent Developments
WORKING CONDITIONS AND WORKER RIGHTS IN CHINA: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 31, 2012 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 76–387 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, SHERROD BROWN, Ohio, Cochairman Chairman MAX BAUCUS, Montana FRANK WOLF, Virginia CARL LEVIN, Michigan DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California EDWARD R. ROYCE, California JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TIM WALZ, Minnesota SUSAN COLLINS, Maine MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JAMES RISCH, Idaho MICHAEL HONDA, California EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS SETH D. HARRIS, Department of Labor MARIA OTERO, Department of State FRANCISCO J. SA´ NCHEZ, Department of Commerce KURT M. CAMPBELL, Department of State NISHA DESAI BISWAL, U.S. Agency for International Development PAUL B. PROTIC, Staff Director LAWRENCE T. LIU, Deputy Staff Director (II) CO N T E N T S STATEMENTS Page Opening statement of Hon. Christopher Smith, a U.S. Representative from New Jersey; Chairman, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ....... 1 Brown, Hon. Sherrod, a U.S. Senator from Ohio; Cochairman, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ........................................................................ 3 Kernaghan, Charles, Executive Director, Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights ...................................................................................................... 6 Li, Qiang, Executive Director and Founder, China Labor Watch ...................... -
十六shí Liù Sixteen / 16 二八èr Bā 16 / Sixteen 和hé Old Variant of 和/ [He2
十六 shí liù sixteen / 16 二八 èr bā 16 / sixteen 和 hé old variant of 和 / [he2] / harmonious 子 zǐ son / child / seed / egg / small thing / 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat / Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 亓 / 等 / 爵 / 位 / [wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4] 动 dòng to use / to act / to move / to change / abbr. for 動 / 詞 / |动 / 词 / [dong4 ci2], verb 公 gōng public / collectively owned / common / international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) / make public / fair / just / Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 亓 / 等 / 爵 / 位 / [wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4] / honorable (gentlemen) / father-in 两 liǎng two / both / some / a few / tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1&frasl / 16 of a catty 斤 / [jin1] (old) 化 huà to make into / to change into / -ization / to ... -ize / to transform / abbr. for 化 / 學 / |化 / 学 / [hua4 xue2] 位 wèi position / location / place / seat / classifier for people (honorific) / classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十 / 六 / 位 / 16-bit or 2 bytes) 乎 hū (classical particle similar to 於 / |于 / [yu2]) in / at / from / because / than / (classical final particle similar to 嗎 / |吗 / [ma5], 吧 / [ba5], 呢 / [ne5], expressing question, doubt or astonishment) 男 nán male / Baron, lowest of five orders of nobility 亓 / 等 / 爵 / 位 / [wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4] / CL:個 / |个 / [ge4] 弟 tì variant of 悌 / [ti4] 伯 bó father's elder brother / senior / paternal elder uncle / eldest of brothers / respectful form of address / Count, third of five orders of nobility 亓 / 等 / 爵 / 位 / [wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4] 呼 hū variant of 呼 / [hu1] / to shout / to call out 郑 Zhèng Zheng state during the Warring States period / surname Zheng / abbr. -
Forced Labor in China Roundtable Congressional
FORCED LABOR IN CHINA ROUNDTABLE BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 22, 2005 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 22–613 PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:09 Aug 08, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 D:\DOCS\22613.TXT China1 PsN: DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa, Co-Chairman SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas DAVID DREIER, California GORDON SMITH, Oregon FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia JIM DEMINT, South Carolina JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania MEL MARTINEZ, Florida ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama MAX BAUCUS, Montana CARL LEVIN, Michigan DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS STEPHEN J. LAW, Department of Labor PAULA DOBRIANSKY, Department of State DAVID DORMAN, Staff Director (Chairman) JOHN FOARDE, Staff Director (Co-Chairman) (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:09 Aug 08, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 D:\DOCS\22613.TXT China1 PsN: DEIDRE C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS Wu, Harry, founder and Executive Director, Laogai Research Foundation, Washington, DC ................................................................................................... 2 Fiedler, Jeffrey L., President, Food and Allied Service Trades Department, AFL–CIO, co-founder, Laogai Research Foundation ........................................ -
Classicide in Communist China
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 67 Number 67 Fall 2012 Article 11 10-1-2012 Classicide in Communist China Harry Wu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wu, Harry (2012) "Classicide in Communist China," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 67 : No. 67 , Article 11. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol67/iss67/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wu: Classicide in Communist China 102 Number 67, Fall 2012 Classicide in Communist China Harry Wu Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has known only one form of government: the authoritarian communism of Mao Zedong. Although China has undergone 30 years of major social and economic transitions, from a political standpoint, the fundamental system of dictatorship established by Mao Zedong has not changed. Why? Because China’s leaders are deeply afraid of falling from power and allowing real freedom, democracy, and human rights to flourish. The Party of Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao is the party of Mao Zedong. We cannot just forget the crimes committed against humanity over the course of its 60-year history. The world rightfully remembers the tragedy of the Holocaust where around 20 million were killed. But many in the West do not realize that genocide has taken place on an even greater scale in the People’s Republic of China. -
Sino-Tibetan Relations 1990-2000: the Internationalisation of the Tibetan Issue
Sino-Tibetan Relations 1990-2000: the Internationalisation of the Tibetan Issue Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie dem Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften und Philosophie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Tsetan Dolkar aus Dharamsala, Indien 29 Februar 2008 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dirk Berg-Schlosser Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Wilfried von Bredow Sino-Tibetan Relations 1990-2000: the Internationalisation of the Tibetan Issue Submitted by Tsetan Dolkar Political Science Department, Philipps University First Advisor: Professor Dr. Dirk Berg-Schlosser Second Advisor: Professor Dr. Wilfried von Bredow A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences and Philosophy of Philipps University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science Philipps University, Marburg 29 February 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement vi Maps viii List of Abbreviations xi PART I A GLIMPSE INTO TIBET’S PAST Chapter 1 Tibet: A Brief Historical Background 1 1.1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.2 Brief Historical Background 4 1.1.2.1 Tibetan Kings (624-842 AD) and Tang China (618-756 AD) 4 1.1.2.2 The Buddhist Revolution in Tibet (842-1247) and the Song Dynasty (960-1126) 8 1.1.2.3 The Sakya Lamas of Tibet (1244-1358) and the Mongol Empire (1207-1368) 10 1.1.2.4 The Post-Sakya Tibet (1337-1565) and the Ming China (1368-1644) 11 1.1.2.5 The Gelugpa’s Rule (1642-1950) and the Manchu Empire (1662-1912) 13 1.1.2.6 Tibet in the Twentieth Century 19 -
Language and Politics During the Chinese Cultural Revolution: a Study in Linguistic Engineering
LANGUAGE AND POLITICS DURING THE CHINESE CULTURAL REVOLUTION: A STUDY IN LINGUISTIC ENGINEERING A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the University of Canterbury by Ji Fengyuan ? University of Canterbury 1998 CONTENTS Abbreviations vi Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 I PRELUDE 1. linguistic Engineering: Theoretical Considerations 1.1 The Language of Speech and the Language of Thought 8 1.2 Sapir, Whorf and the Categories of Thought 11 1.3 Concepts, Schemas and World View 24 1.4 Primitive Affective and Associational Processes 31 1.5 Code, Context and Relevance Theory 49 1.6 A Framework for Multi-factorial Persuasion: Information Processing and the Elaboration Likelihood Model 61 1.7 Timeless Theories and Empirical Case Studies 64 2. Linguistic Engineering before the Cultural Revolution 2.1 Origins of Linguistic Engineering in China 66 2.2 The Institutional Basis of linguistic Engineering 72 2.3 Formulae, Codability and Processing Efficiency 81 2.4 The Language of Class Analysis 84 2.5 Language, Love and Revolution 98 2.6 The Discourse of Collectivization 101 2.7 Discourse of the Great Leap Forward: From Martial Language to Disillusionment 103 2.8 Emerging Mao Worship: Prelude to the Cultural Revolution 110 2.9 Linguistic Engineering in China before the Cultural Revolution: an Assessment 117 ii II THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION 1966-68: MASS MOBILIZATION, LANGUAGE AND INTERPRETATION 3. Context and Interpretation: Mao's Manipulation of Meaning 3.1 Background to the -
Sweatshop Conditions in the Chinese Toy Industry
S. HRG. 110–1127 SWEATSHOP CONDITIONS IN THE CHINESE TOY INDUSTRY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE COMMERCE, TRADE, AND TOURISM OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 25, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 74–106 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 08:26 May 11, 2012 Jkt 074106 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\74106.TXT SCOM1 PsN: JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Chairman JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia TED STEVENS, Alaska, Vice Chairman JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota TRENT LOTT, Mississippi BARBARA BOXER, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas BILL NELSON, Florida OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine MARIA CANTWELL, Washington GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada MARK PRYOR, Arkansas JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware JIM DEMINT, South Carolina CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri DAVID VITTER, Louisiana AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARGARET L. CUMMISKY, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel LILA HARPER HELMS, Democratic Deputy Staff Director and Policy Director CHRISTINE D. KURTH, Republican Staff Director and General Counsel PAUL NAGLE, Republican Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE COMMERCE, TRADE, AND TOURISM BYRON L. -
Yahoo! Inc.’S Provision of False Information to Congress
YAHOO! INC.’S PROVISION OF FALSE INFORMATION TO CONGRESS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 6, 2007 Serial No. 110–129 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 38–820PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS TOM LANTOS, California, Chairman HOWARD L. BERMAN, California ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DAN BURTON, Indiana Samoa ELTON GALLEGLY, California DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD SHERMAN, California DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois ROBERT WEXLER, Florida EDWARD R. ROYCE, California ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York STEVE CHABOT, Ohio BILL DELAHUNT, Massachusetts ROY BLUNT, Missouri GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado DIANE E. WATSON, California RON PAUL, Texas ADAM SMITH, Washington JEFF FLAKE, Arizona RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri MIKE PENCE, Indiana JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee JOE WILSON, South Carolina GENE GREEN, Texas JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas CONNIE MACK, Florida RUBE´ N HINOJOSA, Texas JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas DAVID WU, Oregon TED POE, Texas BRAD MILLER, North Carolina BOB INGLIS, South Carolina LINDA T. -
Him Mark Lai Papers, 1778-[On-Going] (Bulk 1970-1995)
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7r29q3gq No online items Finding Aid to the Him Mark Lai Papers, 1778-[on-going] (bulk 1970-1995) Processed by Jean Jao-Jin Kao, Yu Li, Janice Otani, Limin Fu, Yen Chen, Joy Hung, Lin Lin Ma, Zhuqing Xia and Mabel Yang The Ethnic Studies Library. 30 Stephens Hall #2360 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-2360 Phone: (510) 643-1234 Fax: (510) 643-8433 Email: [email protected] URL: http://eslibrary.berkeley.edu © 2003 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Finding Aid to the Him Mark Lai AAS ARC 2000/80 1 Papers, 1778-[on-going] (bulk 1970-1995) Finding Aid to the Him Mark Lai Papers, 1778-[on-going] (bulk 1970-1995) Collection number: AAS ARC 2000/80 The Ethnic Studies Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Contact Information: The Ethnic Studies Library. 30 Stephens Hall #2360 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-2360 Phone: (510) 643-1234 Fax: (510) 643-8433 Email: [email protected] URL: http://eslibrary.berkeley.edu/ Collection Processed By: Jean Jao-Jin Kao, Yu Li, Janice Otani, Limin Fu, Yen Chen, Joy Hung, Lin Lin Ma, Zhuqing Xia and Mabel Yang Date Completed: May 2003 Finding Aid written by: Jean Jao-Jin Kao, Janice Otani and Wei Chi Poon © 2003 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Him Mark Lai Papers, Date: 1778-[on-going] Date (bulk): (bulk 1970-1995) Collection number: AAS ARC 2000/80 Creator: Lai, H. Mark Extent: 130 Cartons, 61 Boxes, 7 Oversize Folders199.4 linear feet Repository: University of California, BerkeleyThe Ethnic Studies Library Berkeley, California 94720-2360 Abstract: The Him Mark Lai Papers are divided into four series: Research Files, Professional Activities, Writings, and Personal Papers.