201608 Hiragana and Katakana worksheets

ひらがな カタカナ

1. Three types of letters ··········································· 1 ＿ 2. Roma-ji, Hiragana and Katakana ·························· 2 3. Hiragana worksheets and quizzes ························ 3-9 4. The rules in Hiragana···································· 10-11 5. The rules in Katakana ········································ 12 6. Katakana worksheets and quizzes ··················· 12-22

Japanese Language School, Tokyo, Japan

Meguro Language Center

TEL.: 03-3493-3727 Email: [email protected] http://www.mlcjapanese.co.jp

Meguro Language Center

There are three types of letters in Japanese.

1. Hiragana (phonetic sounds) are basically used for particles, words and parts of words. 2. Katakana (phonetic sounds) are basically used for foreign/loan words. 3. Kanji (Chinese characters) are used for the stem of words and convey the meaning as well as sound.

Hiragana is basically used to express 46 different sounds used in the Japanese language. We suggest you start learning Hiragana, then Katakana and then Kanji. If you learn Hiragana first, it will be easier to learn Katakana next. Hiragana will help you learn Japanese pronunciation properly, read Japanese beginners' textbooks and write sentences in Japanese. Japanese will become a lot easier to study after having learned Hiragana. Also, as you will be able to write sentences in Japanese, you will be able to write E-mails in Hiragana. Katakana will help you read Japanese menus at restaurants. Hiragana and Katakana will be a good help to your Japanese study and confortable living in Japan.

To master Hiragana, it is important to practice writing Hiragana. Revision is also very important - please go over what you have learned several times.

1

Meguro Language Center

＿ Roma-ji, Hiragana and Katakana A I U E O - a あ ア i い イ u う e え o お K ka か kｉ き ku く ke け ko こ S sa さ shｉ し su す se せ so そ T ta た chｉ ち tsu つ te て to と N na な nｉ に nu ぬ ne ね no の H ha は hｉ ひ fu ふ he へ ho ほ M ma ま mｉ み mu む me め mo も Y ya や yu ゆ yo よ R ra ら ri り ru る re れ ro ろ W wa わ ワ o を ヲ - n,m ん ン “n” before b, m and p becomes “m” wichi is pronounced like “m” in “sample”. n m Ｇ ga が gi ぎ gu ぐ ge げ go ご Ｚ za ざ ji じ zu ず ze ぜ zo ぞ Ｄ da だ ji ぢ zu づ de で do ど Ｂ ba ば bｉ び bu ぶ be べ bo ぼ P pa ぱ pｉ ぴ pu ぷ pe ぺ po ぽ

kya きゃ kyu きゅ kyo きょ sha しゃ shu しゅ sho しょ cha ちゃ chu ちゅ cho ちょ nya にゃ nyu にゅ nyo にょ hya ひゃ hyu ひゅ hyo ひょ mya みゃ myu みゅ myo みょ rya りゃ ryu りゅ ryo りょ gya ぎゃ gyu ぎゅ gyo ぎょ ja じゃ ju じゅ jo じょ bya びゃ byu びゅ byo びょ pya ぴゃ pyu ぴゅ pyo ぴょ Foreign words representation by Katakana she che je tsa ァ tse tso fa ァ fi ィ fe fo ti ィ dhi ィ dyu wi ィ we wo quo va ヴァ vi ヴィ ve ヴ vo ヴ

2

Meguro Language Center Printing

② あ あ あ あ あ a ① ③ あ あ ① ② い い い い い i い い ① う う う う う u ② う う ① え え え え え e ② え え ② ③ お お お お お o ① お お

② ③ か か か か か ka ① か か ③ ① き き き き き ki き ②き

① く く く く く ku く く

① ③ ② け け け け け ke け け

① こ こ こ こ こ ko ② こ こ

[QUIZ] Write the following words in hiragana.

1. aka (red) 5. ie (house)

2. ao (blue) 6. kaki (oyster)

＿ 3. aki (autumn) 7. okii (big)

4. eki (station) 8. ue (on top)

3

Meguro Language Center Simillar ② さ さ さ さ さ Hiragana sa ① →き き さ さ ① し し し し し shi し し ② す す す す す su ① す す ③ ② せ せ せ せ せ se ① せ せ

① そ そ そ そ そ so そ そ

そ OK [QUIZ]

1. asa (morning) 3. shio (salt)

2. osushi (o-sushi) 4. osake (sake)

すし

② ① た た た た た ta ③ た た④ ② ち ち ち ち ち →さ さ chi ① ち ち つ つ つ つ つ tsu つ ①つ

① て て て て て te て て

① と と と と と to ② と と

[QUIZ]

1. ashita (tomorrow) 3. tokei (watch)

2. chikatetsu (subway) 4. kutsu (shoes)

4

Meguro Language Center

② ① ③ な な な な な →た na な な④

① ② に に に に に ni に に③ ① ② ぬ ぬ ぬ ぬ ぬ nu ぬ ぬ ① ね ね ね ね ね ne ② ね ね ① の の の の の no の の

[QUIZ]

1. kono neko (this cat) 3. sono inu (that dog)

2. nani (what) 4. niku (meat)

③ ha は ①は ② は は は は は →け *wa ひ ひ ひ ひ ひ hi ひ ①ひ

① ふ ふ ふ ふ ふ ② fu ③ ④ ふ ふ へ へ へ へ へ he へ ①へ

② ④ ① ほ ほ ほ ほ ほ ho ③ ほ ほ →けは

[QUIZ] ■ Note that the particle WA is represented by は, the E is represented by へ．

1. fune (ship) 3. hito (people)

2. hoshi (star) 4. hako (box)

5

Meguro Language Center

③ ① ま ま ま ま ま ma ② ま ま

① ② み み み み み mi み み

② む む む む む mu ① ③ む む ① ② め め め め め →ぬ me め め ① も も も も も →ま mo ② も ③も

[QUIZ]

1. ame (rain) 3. mushi (insect)

2. namae (name) 4. Moshi moshi (Hello)

③ ② や や や や や ya ① や や ① ② ゆ ゆ ゆ ゆ ゆ yu ゆ ゆ

② ① よ よ よ よ よ →ま yo よ よ

[QUIZ]

1. yasumi (day off) 3. fuyu (winter)

2. yuki (snow)

■ Note that u― and o― are represented by adding う.

＿ ＿ 1. yumei (famous) 3. kino (yesterday)

＿ ＿ ＿ 2. yofuku (Western clothes) 4. kuko (airport)

6

Meguro Language Center

① ら ら ら ら ら →ち ra ② ら ら ① ② り り り り り →い ri り り ① る る る る る ru る る ① ② れ れ れ れ れ →ね re れ れ ① ろ ろ ろ ろ ろ →る ro ろ ろ

① わ わ わ わ わ →ねれ wa わ わ ② ② ① を を を を を o を を③ particle ① ん ん ん ん ん n, m ん ん

[QUIZ] ■ Note that the particle O is represented by を, not お．

1. kore (this) 5. kuro (black)

2. sore (that) 6. kuruma (car)

＿ 3. Sayonara (Goodbye) 7. watashi (I)

4. hon (book) 8. Sumimasen (I’m sorry.)

[QUIZ] Similar characters (Write the following characters in hiragana.)

a/o ki/sa chi/ra ta/na

me/nu i/ri ma/mo ru/ro

ke/ha/ho wa/re/ne

7

Meguro Language Center ga が が が [QUIZ]

gi ぎ ぎ ぎ 1. mado (window) gu ぐ ぐ ぐ ge げ げ げ 2. mada (not yet) go ご ご ご 3. sugoi (great) za ざ ざ ざ

＿ ji じ じ じ 4. Arigatogozaimasu. (Thank you.) zu ず ず ず ze ぜ ぜ ぜ 5. denwa (telephone) zo ぞ ぞ ぞ 6. Komban wa. particle da だ だ だ

ji ぢ ぢ ぢ 7. shimbun (newspaper) zu づ づ づ de で で で 8. tomodachi (friend) do ど ど ど ＿ 9. ginko (bank) ba ば ば ば bi び び び 10. chizu (map) bu ぶ ぶ ぶ be べ べ べ bo ぼ ぼ ぼ pa ぱ ぱ ぱ pi ぴ ぴ ぴ pu ぷ ぷ ぷ pe ぺ ぺ ぺ po ぽ ぽ ぽ

8

Meguro Language Center

kya きゃ きゃ gya ぎゃ ぎゃ kyu きゅ きゅ gyu ぎゅ ぎゅ kyo きょ きょ gyo ぎょ ぎょ

sha しゃ しゃ ja じゃ じゃ shu しゅ しゅ ju じゅ じゅ sho しょ しょ jo じょ じょ

cha ちゃ ちゃ nya にゃ にゃ chu ちゅ ちゅ nyu にゅ にゅ cho ちょ ちょ nyo にょ にょ

hya ひゃ ひゃ bya びゃ びゃ hyu ひゅ ひゅ byu びゅ びゅ hyo ひょ ひょ byo びょ びょ

pya ぴゃ ぴゃ mya みゃ みゃ pyu ぴゅ ぴゅ myu みゅ みゅ pyo ぴょ ぴょ myo みょ みょ

rya りゃ りゃ ryu りゅ りゅ ryo りょ りょ

[QUIZ]

＿ ＿ ＿ 1. Tokyo 4. shumatsu (weekend)

＿ 2. jusho (address) 5. shashin (photo)

3. Ja, mata. (See you.) 6. shukudai (homework)

9

Meguro Language Center

The rules in Hiragana

(1) Long vowels

＿ ① a is represented by adding あ. ＿ ＿ ＿ okasan (mother) おかあさん、 mama (so-so)

＿ ② ii and i are represented by adding い. ＿ oniisan (older brother) おにいさん、 ojiisan/oji san (grandfather)

＿ ③ u is represented by adding う. ＿ ＿ yugata (early evening) ゆうがた、 chugoku (China) ＿ taifu (typhoon)

＿ ④ e is represented by adding え in the words of Japanese origin. ＿ onesan (older sister) おねえさん

⑤ ei is written in えい in the words of Chinese origin. ＿ Eigo (English) えいご、 yumei (famous)

sensei (teacher) 、 gakusei (student)

＿ ⑥ o is represented by adding う. ＿ ＿ ＿ sayonara さようなら、 byoin (hospital) 、 kyo (today) ＿ ＿ Domo arigatogozaimasu.

⑦ Ｉn some words it is traditionally written in お. ＿ ＿ ＿ oki おおきい、 to (ten) 、 tori (street)

(2) Double consonants

Double consonants (kk, pp, ss, and tt) are represented by small っ. As small っ indicates a one-syllable pause, the mouth prepares for the pronunciation of the next syllable.

＿ gakko (school) がっこう、 kippu (ticket) 、 kitte (stamp)

Chotto matte kudasai. (Just moment, please.)

Gambatte kudasai. (Go for it. Good luck.)

10

Meguro Language Center

(3) ji and zu are usually written in じ and ず. In few cases, they are traditionally written in ぢ and づ.

sanji (3:00) 、 jisho (dictionary) chizu (map) 、 mizu (water)

(4) wa using as a particle is written in は, not わ.

＿ ＿ Kyo wa doyobi desu. (Today is Saturday.) きょうは どようびです。

Watashi wa nihonjin desu. (I’m Japanese.)

Watashi wa nihonjin dewa arimasen. (I’m not Japanese.)

(5) o using as a particle is written in を, not お.

Osake o nomimasu. (I drink sake.) おさけを のみます。

Sore o misete kudasai. (Please show me that.)

Kore o kudasai. (Please give me this one.)

(6) e using as a particle is written in へ, not え.

Shibuya e ikimasu. (I’m going to Shibuya.) しぶやへ いきます。

Doko e ikimasuka. (Where are you going?)

＿ ＿ Kyoto e ikimasu. (I’m going to Kyoto.)

11

Meguro Language Center

Katakana in used in the following ways

(1) For words of foreign origin (2) For onomatopoeia ex. ワンワン wanwan (bowwow) (3) For the names of some animals and insects (4) For the emphasis of some words ex. それはです。

The rules in Katakana

(1) Long vowels are represented by a dash, “―.” (2) Double consonants (kk, pp, ss, tt etc.) are represented by small tsu, .

Printing ① ア ア ア ア ア a ② ア ア ① イ イ イ イ イ i ② イ イ ① ③ ウ ウ ウ ウ ウ u ② ウ ウ ① エ エ エ エ エ ② e ③ エ エ ② ① オ オ オ オ オ o ③ オ オ

12

Meguro Language Center ② カ カ カ カ カ ka ① カ カ ③ ① キ キ キ キ キ ki ② キ キ ① ② ク ク ク ク ク ku ク ク ① ② ケ ケ ケ ケ ケ ke ケ ケ③ →ク

① コ コ コ コ コ ko コ ②コ

ga ガ ガ ガ gi ギ ギ ギ gu グ グ グ ge ゲ ゲ ゲ go ゴ ゴ ゴ

[QUIZ]

＿ 1. kukki (cookie) 3. kikku (kick)

＿ ＿ 2. koku (coke) 4. keki (cake)

13

Meguro Language Center ② ③ サ サ サ サ サ sa ① サ サ ① シ シ シ シ シ shi ② シ ③シ

① ス ス ス ス ス su ② ス ス ② セ セ セ セ セ se ① セ セ ① ② ソ ソ ソ ソ ソ so ソ ソ za ザ ザ ザ ji ジ ジ ジ zu ズ ズ ズ ze ゼ ゼ ゼ zo ゾ ゾ ゾ

[QUIZ]

＿ ＿ 1. suki (ski) 4. sakka (soccer)

＿ 2. gasu (gas) 5. sosu (sauce)

＿ ＿ 3. soseji (sausage) 6. kuizu (quiz)

14

Meguro Language Center

① ② タ タ タ タ タ →ク ta ③ タ タ ③ ① チ チ チ チ チ chi ② チ チ ① ② ③ →シ tsu ツ ① te ② テ③ ① to ② ト da ダ ダ ダ ji ヂ ヂ ヂ zu de do

■ ji and zu are usually written in and .

■ An aid to the (shi) and (tsu), remembrance and distinction. Hiragana Katakana

1 shi 2 し シ3 シ

1 2 3 tsu つ

Keep in mind the equivalent hiragana, し(shi) and つ(tsu).

[QUIZ]

＿ 1. tekisuto (textbook) 4. chizu (cheese)

＿ ＿ 2. suteki (steak) 5. takushi (taxi)

＿ ＿ 3. dezato (dessert) 6. sh itsu (sheet)

15

Meguro Language Center ② na ①ナ →サ

① →エ ni ②ニ

① →ス nu ② ヌ ① ② ④ ne ネ③

① no ノ

[QUIZ]

＿ 1. tenisu (tennis) 3. noto (notebook)

2. nekutai (necktie) 4. tsuna (tuna)

16

Meguro Language Center

① ② ha ハ ② ① →セエ hi ヒ

① →ウ fu フ

he ①ヘ

② ① ho ③ ④ ホ ba bi bu be bo pa pi pu pe po

[QUIZ]

＿ ＿ ＿ 1. pasupoto (passport) 5. hita (heater)

2. pasuta (pasta) 6. basu (bus)

＿ 3. kop i (copy) 7. sutoppu (stop)

＿ ＿ 4. supido (speed) 8. sabisu (service)

17

Meguro Language Center

① →ア ma ②マ

① → mi ② ③ミ

① mu ム②

① me ②メ →サ

③ ① mo ② モ

[QUIZ]

＿ ＿ 1. hamu (ham) 6. mota (motor)

＿ 2. memo (memo) 7. messeji (message)

3. gamu (gum) 8. tomato (tomato)

4. maiku (mike) 9. chimu (team)

5. shisutemu (system)

② ya ① ヤ

① →コ yu ② ユ

① yo ② ③ ヨ

[QUIZ]

＿ ＿ 1. yotto (yacht) 3. yuza (user)

2. taiya (tire)

18

Meguro Language Center

① ra ② ラ

① ② →ソ ri リ

① ② ru ル

① re レ ② ro ① ③ロ

[QUIZ]

＿ 1. ruru (rule) 6. taoru (towel)

＿ ＿ 2. toire (toilet, bathroom) 7. erebeta (elevator)

＿ ＿ 3. kurisumasu (Christmas) 8. esukareta (escalator)

＿ ＿ 4. garikku (garlic) 9. kareraisu (curry rice) ＿ 5. meruadoresu (e-mail address) 10. makudonarudo (McDonald’s)

19

Meguro Language Center ② ワ ワ ワ ワ ワ →ク wa ワ ①ワ ウ

① ヲ ヲ ヲ ヲ ヲ o ② ヲ ヲ

① ン ン ン ン ン →ソ n, m ン ②ン ■ Katakana ヲ is not used in modern living.

■ An aid to remembrance and distinction the (so) and ン(n,m). Hiragana Katakana

1 2 so そ ソ ソ

1 n, m ん ン2 ン

[QUIZ]

＿ 1. resutoran (restaurant) 6. hambagu (hamburg steak)

＿ 2. ressun (lesson) 7. sosu (sauce)

3. ranchi (lunch) 8. wain (wine)

[QUIZ] Similar characters (Write the following characters in katakana.)

shi/tsu n/so ku/ta ma/a nu/su sa/na/me ku/fu/u/wa se/hi/e/ni/mi

20

Meguro Language Center

kya キ キ gya ギ ギ kyu キ キ gyu ギ ギ kyo キ キ gyo ギ ギ

sha シ シ ja ジ ジ shu シ シ ju ジ ジ sho シ シ jo ジ ジ

cha チ チ nya chu チ チ nyu cho チ チ nyo

hya bya hyu byu hyo byo

pya mya pyu myu pyo myo

rya tsa ァ ァ ryu tse ェ ェ ryo tso ォ ォ

she シェ シェ je ジェ ジェ che チェ チェ quo クォ クォ

va ヴァ ヴァ fa ァ ァ vi ヴィ ヴィ fi ィ ィ ve ヴェ ヴェ fe ェ ェ vo ヴォ ヴォ fo ォ ォ

wi ウィ ウィ ti ィ ィ we ウェ ウェ di ィ ィ wo ウォ ウォ dyu

21

Meguro Language Center

[QUIZ]

＿ 1. sukejuru (schedule)

＿ 2. chokoreto (chocolate)

＿ 3. menyu (menu)

＿ 4. dizunirando (Disneyland)

＿ 5. remonti (lemon tea)

6. chekku (check)

＿ 7. kompyuta (computer)

＿ 8. orenjijusu (orange juice)

＿ 9. infomeshon (information)

＿ 10. shampu (shampoo)

22