DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis of Path Loss Models at 3.3Ghz to Determine Efficient Handover in Wimax

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis of Path Loss Models at 3.3Ghz to Determine Efficient Handover in Wimax International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 7, July - 2014 Analysis of Path Loss Models at 3.3GHz to Determine Efficient Handover in Wimax Sonia Sharma Sunita Parashar M. Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering Engineering H.C.T.M, Kaithal, Haryana, India H.C.T.M, Kaithal, Haryana, India ABSTRACT - Wimax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for signal reduces due to interaction between electromagnetic Microwave Access and operate in 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, 3.3GHz, waves and environment. Path loss models uses set of 3.5GHz (licensed) and 5.8GHz (unlicensed) frequency bands. mathematical equations and algorithms for prediction of path Path loss models can be used to find Received Signal Strength loss values. Such models are categorized into three categories (RSS) which is an important factor in deciding handover. If RSS i.e. deterministic (uses physical law leading propagation of is less than a particular threshold value then handover decision is to be taken. For our analysis we have taken Free space waves), Empirical (based on measurements and observations) Propagation, ECC-33, COST 231 Hata, COST 231 W-I and SUI and stochastic (uses series of random variables) models. In models compared w.r.t. different environment (high density, our study we use only empirical models which are described medium density and low density) and different height of as follow. receiving antenna (2m, 6m, and 10m). Then RSS value are calculated in three environment and comparing RSS with A.) Free-space path loss model particular threshold we determine which of these models is This model is used for finding path loss when there is suitable for avoiding number of handover. line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver. Equation for finding path loss is given [1] by: Keywords: ECC-33, SUI, COST 231 Hata, COST 231 W-I, RSS, Handover PL(dB) 20log 10(d) 20log 10( f ) 32.45 (1) I. INTRODUCTION Where, f is frequency of signal in MHz, d Is distance One of important feature of wimax is to provide support from transmitter in km. for mobility and handover is one of important factorIJERT inIJERT B.) COST 231 Hata model mobility support. So it is required that handover process in COST 231 Hata model is introduced as an extension of wimax be efficient. Number of handover depends on the size Hata model. This model cannot be used for measurement on of the cell if size of cell is small then number of handover 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz, but correction factors are taken to will increase which in turn increase load on network and predict the path loss in this higher frequency range. The basic handover delay. RSS is very useful in deciding for handover, path loss equation [1] for this COST-231 Hata Model can be received signal strength can be calculated using path loss expressed as: values for different propagation models. Path loss is reduction in signal strength when it is transmitted in from of PL(dB) 46.3 33.9log 10( f ) 13.82log 10(hb) electromagnetic waves between transmitter and receiver and measured in decibel (dB). In this paper our aim is to compare ahm (44.9 6.55(hb))log 10(d) cm (2) free space path loss, ECC-33, COST 231 Hata, COST 231 Where, d is distance between transmitter and receiver in W-I and SUI model in different environment and with (km), f is signal frequency (MHz), hb is height of different receiver antenna height, determining model with minimum path loss in each environment, calculating RSS transmitter antenna (m), cm is correction factor its value is from path loss values, finding model with RSS greater than a 0dB for suburban and rural area and 3dB for urban area. ahm threshold value such model can be adopted to minimize For urban area is given as: number of handover (frequent handover). ahm 3.20(log 102(11.75hr)) 4.79 (3) Section 2 gives a brief introduction of path loss models that for, f 400MHz we have taken for our study. Section 3 gives our simulated results and analysis (using MATLAB). Conclusions are ahm For suburban and rural area is given as: drawn in section 4. ahm (1.11log 10( f ) 0.7)hr (1.5log 10( f ) 0.8) II. PATH LOSS MODELS (4) Electromagnetic waves are used for transmitting Where, hr is height of receiver antenna in m. information between transmitter and receiver. Strength of IJERTV3IS070080 www.ijert.org 45 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 7, July - 2014 C.) COST 231 W-I Model PL(dB) A 10 log 10(d / d 0) Xf Xh S for, d d0 (15) This is COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model and used as an extension of COST Hata model. It is used for frequencies Where, d is distance between transmitter and receiver in that are above 2000MHz. path loss in case of LOS condition km, Xf is correction factor for frequencies above 2GHz, Xr between transmitter and receiver is given by [1]: is correction factor for receiving antenna height in meter, S is correction factor for shadowing, its value in urban is 10.6, 9.6 PL(dB) 42.64 26log 10(d) 20log 10( f ) (5) in suburban and 8.2 in rural area. In case of NLOS condition path loss is: A 20log 10(4d 0 / ) (16) PL(dB) L0 LRTS Lmsd (6) Where, is wavelength in meter and d 0 is reference Where, L0 is attenuation in free space and given as: distance of 100 meter. Path loss exponent is given by: 0 10 10 L 32.45 20log (d) 20log ( f ) (7) a bhb (c / hb) (17) RTS is rooftop to street diffraction. L Here hb is height of transmitter antenna in meter. a, b, c are LRTS 16.9 10log 10(w) 10log 10( f ) constants. Value of constants a, b and c is given in table 1 for different terrain 20log 10(Hm) Lori (8) Hm hroof hb and Lori is given as follow: Table 1: Parameter of SUI model [3] Lori 10 0.345 for 0 35 2.5 0.075( 35) for 35 55 Parameter A B C a 4.6 4.0 3.6 4 0.114( 55) for 55 90 b 0.0075 0.0065 0.005 (9) c 12.6 17.1 20 Lmsd is multi screen diffraction loss. Frequency correction factor and correction factor for receiver Lmsd lbsh ka kd log 10(d) kf log 10( f ) antenna height are given by: Xf 6.0log 10( f / 2000) (18) 9log 10( f ) 9log 10(B) for Lmsd 0 Xh 10.8log 10(hr / 2000) for type A and B 0 for Lmsd 0 (10) Xh 20.0log 10(hr / 2000) for type C (19) lbsh 18log 10(1 hb) for hb hroof Where, f is frequency in MHz and hr is receiver antenna 0 hb hroof (11) IJERTheight in meter. IJERT E.) ECC-33 Model ka 54 0.8hb , for hb hroof and International Telecommunication Union extended Hata- d 0.5km Okumura model up to 3.5GHz. Such extended model is known as ECC-33 model i.e. Electronic Communication 54 0.8hb(dist / 0.5), for hb hroof and Committee. In such model path loss is given by equation [4]: d 0.5km (12) PL(dB) Afs Abm Gb Gr (20) kd 18 hb hroof 18 -15(hb/hroof) hb hroof (13) Where, Afs is attenuation in free space in dB, Abm is basic kf 4 0.7( f / 925 1) for suburban areas median path loss in dB, Gb is gain factor for transmitter 4 1,5( f / 925 1) for urban areas (14) antenna height in dBm, Gr is gain factor for receiver antenna where, w is street width in meter and B is building to building height in dBm. These factors are given as follow: distance in meter. Afs 92.4 20 log 10(d) 20 log 10( f ) (21) D.) SUI (Standard University Interim) Model Abm 20.41 9.83log 10(d) 7.894 log 10(f) SUI model is used in frequency band of 2.5GHz to 2.7GHz. But their use on higher frequencies is possible by 9.56( log 10(f))2 (22) introducing correction factors. SUI models are divided into Gb log 10(hb / 200) three types of terrains namely A, B and C. Type A is related with maximum path loss and is also known as urban area. [13.958 5.8(log 10(d))2 (23) Type C is related with minimum path loss and also known as Gr [42.57 13.7 log 10( f )] rural area. Type B is related with suburban area. The basic path loss equation [3] is given by: [log 10(hr) 0.585] (24) IJERTV3IS070080 www.ijert.org 46 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 7, July - 2014 Where, d is distance between transmitter and receiver in km, f is frequency in GHz, hr is receiver antenna height in meter, hb is transmitter antenna height in meter. F.) Received signal Strength (RSS) calculation: This is power of radio signal received from base station. If received signal strength is below a threshold point then handover process is to be initiated to maintain ongoing communication. Equation used to measure RSS from path loss for various model is given as: RSS PT GT GR PL CL (25) Where, RSS is receiver signal strength in dBm, PT is transmitter power in dBm, GR is receiver antenna gain, GT is Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparison of Propagations Models in Mobile Telecommunication Systems
    “1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)” in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrës on June 2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA Comparison of Propagations Models in Mobile Telecommunication Systems Ivana Stefanovic1, Hana Stefanovic1 1College of Electrical Engineering and Computing Applied Science, Belgrade Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Wireless channels are subject to random fluctuations in received signal power arising from multipath propagation and shadowing arising from the multiple scattering conditions. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the statistical modeling and characterization of these different effects, resulting in a range of models for wireless channels which depend on the particular propagation environment and underlying communication scenario. The comparative analysis of different theoretical and empirical propagation models, such as Okumura, Hata, COST-231 Hata, and Longley-Rice, is given in this paper. After a brief introduction and description of these models, we present some numerical results using MATLAB and RadioWORKS. INTRODUCTION Radiowave propagation through wireless channels is a complicated phenomenon characterized by different effects such as reflection, diffraction and scattering phenomenon. An exact mathematical description of this effects is either too complex for tractable communication system analysis, although considerable efforts have been devoted to the statistical modeling and characterization of wireless channels. In this paper we will characterize the variation in received signal power over distance due to path loss and shadowing. Path loss is caused by dissipation of the power radiated by the transmitter as well as effects of the propagation channel. Path loss models generally assume that path loss is the same at the given transmit-receive distance, which means that path loss model does not include shadowing effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Andfine Tuning Empirical Pathloss Models At
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Comparison and Fine Tuning Empirical Pathloss Models at 1800MHZ and 2100MHZ Bands for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia By Esayas Andarge Advisor Dr. -Ing. Dereje Hailemariam A Thesis Submitted to the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Telecommunications Engineering October, 2018 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Comparison and Fine Tuning Empirical Pathloss Models at 1800MHZ and 2100MHZ Bands for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia By Esayas Andarge Approval by Board of Examiners _____________________________ ____________ Chairman, School Graduate committee Signature Committee Dr. -Ing. Dereje Hailemariam ____________ Advisor Signature ______________________________ ____________ Internal Examiner Signature _____________________________ ____________ External Examiner Signature Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis is my original work, has not been presented for a degree in this or any other university, and all sources of materials used for the thesis have been fully acknowledged. Esayas Andarge ______________ Name Signature Place: Addis Ababa Date of Submission: _______________ This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisor. Dr. -Ing. Dereje Hailemariam ______________ Advisor’s Name Signature 3 Abstract Pathloss models play a very important role in wireless communications in coverage planning, interference estimations, frequency assignments, Location Based Services (LBS), etc. They are used to estimate the average pathloss a signal experience at a particular distance from a transmitter. Inaccurate propagation models may result in poor coverage, poor quality of service or high investment cost.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Radiowave Propagation Model for Hilly Areas
    International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering Volume 4, Issue 2, ISSN (Online): 2249–071X, ISSN (Print): 2278–4209 Development of a Radiowave Propagation Model for Hilly Areas Famoriji J. Oluwole, Olasoji Y. Olajide Abstract – Achieving optimal performance is a paramount III. THE COST-231 HATA MODEL FOR URBAN concern in wireless networks. One of the strategies is to use wireless empirical models to predict wireless link quality ENVIRONMENT factors such as path loss and the received power in any given transmission domain with irregular terrain. Measurement The COST-231 Hata wireless propagation model was results of signal strength in UHF band obtained in Idanre devised as an extension to the Hata-Okumura model and Town of Ondo State Nigeria were validated against the Hata model as reported by Abhayawardhana et al.,[3]. theoretical estimations. Okumura-Hata model, COST231- The COST-231Hata model is designed to be used in the Hata model and Egli model applicable for path loss frequency band from 500 MHz to 2000 MHz. It also prediction in area with high hill were examined. These models predictions were compared with predictions from contains corrections for urban, suburban and rural (flat) measurements taken in Idanre to determine the path loss environments. [3] also noted that ”although this models’ prediction error for each model. Consequently, modified frequency range is outside that of the measurements, its COST231-Hata model was developed for path loss prediction simplicity and the availability of correction factors has in the hilly areas. The model developed has 6.02% error seen it widely used for path loss prediction at this which made it applicable for hilly areas (Idanre).
    [Show full text]
  • Calculation of the Coverage Area of Mobile Broadband Communications
    Calculation of the coverage area of mobile broadband communications. Focus on land Antonio Martínez Gálvez Master of Science in Communication Technology Submission date: March Terje Røste, IET Supervisor: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Problem Description The task is to study the principles and models for calculating transmission loss in radiopropagation in mobile systems for land. Recent models are Okumura et. al [1], COST 231 [2], Bullingtons model [3], Epstein and Peterson's model [4], Picquenards model [5] and a modification of Walter Hill [6]. Another option is to look at Radar Ray Trace models. One must choose to proceed with one or two of these principles in a deeper studium. Furthermore can study Teleplan ASTERIX program (which is made available to the department) for prediction of transmission loss and describe how this program may be further developed with improved models. If time permits can simple modification of ASTERIX performed and tested. It focused on the frequency ranges 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz. Assignment given: 31. August 2009 Supervisor: Terje Røste, IET Abstract This thesis aims to provide information about what different propagation prediction models must be the adequate ones for the radio planning of an LTE network. In the initial phase, a study of different propagation models was done mainly over COST231 and ITU-R P. Recommendations, emphasizing over the ones for diffraction over rounded obstacles and paths over sea as a recommendation from Teleplan AS. Matlab code is also presented since it was tried to test the convenience of the use of ITU-R P.1546 over sea paths and to compare Lee Model with ITU-R P.526 for rounded obstacles.
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation Path Loss Model in Cell Phone System
    Syrian Private University Faculty of Informatics & Computer Engineering Propagation Path Loss Model in Cell Phone system A Senior Project (Phase II) Presented to the Faculty of Computer and Informatics Engineering In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of Bachelor of Engineering in Communications and Networks Under the supervision of Dr. Eng.: Ali Awada Project prepared by Nawras Zaytona Bushra Farhat Samah Safaya Aghyad Alsosi Year: 2014/2015 All Copyrights reserved for SPU University© Acknowledgments We would like to thank our University (Syrian Private University) College of Computer and Informatics Engineering, and also our Academic staff. We present our Project as a Recognition of the effort which everyone did. Greeting to all four college flags and thanks to gave help Dr. Ali Skaf Dr. Samaoaal Hakeem Dr. Ahmad Al Najjar Dr. Hassan Ahmed Dr. Wael Imam Dr. Musa Al haj Ali Dr. Raghad Al najem Dr. Sameer Jaafar Dr. Ghassan Al nemer Dr. FadiIbraheem Dr. Wissam Al khateb Dr. Anwar Al laham 2 Dedication 3 أهدي هذا العمل إلى : مﻻك السماء على اﻷرض . زهرة التضحية وزنبقة احلنان مجاُل احلياة وأروع ما ُخلق .إىل ابتساميت وسعاديت أمي أطيب القلوب وأصدق الرجال . مشوخ العز وصمود اجلبال صاحب العطاء وعنوان الصرب و الوفاء . إىل أخي وصديقي أبي اﻻبتسامات اجلميلة وكربياء اﻷنوثة وروعة احلنان أخواتي ربي ُع خريفي وشتاءُ صيفي . أنوثتها اخلجولة وكربياء ذاهتا ُُميزة وُُمَيز‘‘ بأنين أملكها . نبض قليب وسر تفاؤيل . إىل عشقي اﻷبدي حبيبتي بييت الكبري وذكريات مقعد الدراسة . ضحكات أصدقائي وأيام الطفولة اجلميلة أساتذيت وجامعيت...التاريخ املشرف واحلضارة العريقة إىل أخويت وأهلي إىل القلعة الصامدة وطني المجروح إىل رجال العز وليوث اﻷرض و محاة العرض .
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Propagation Modeling on 433 Mhz
    Radio propagation modeling on 433 MHz Ákos Milánkovich1, Károly Lendvai1, Sándor Imre1, Sándor Szabó1 1 Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3-9. 1111 Budapest, Hungary {milankovich, lendvai, szabos, imre}@hit.bme.hu Abstract. In wireless network design and positioning it is essential to use radio propagation models for the applied frequency and environment. There are many propagation models available for both indoor and outdoor environments; however, they are not applicable for 433 MHz ISM frequency, which is perfectly suitable for smart metering and sensor networking applications. During our work, we gathered the most common propagation models available in scientific literature, broke them down to components and analyzed their behavior. Based on our research and measurements, a method was developed to create a propagation model for both indoor and outdoor environment optimized for 433 MHz frequency. The possible application areas of the proposed models: smart metering, sensor networks, positioning. Keywords: Radio propagation model, 433 MHz, smart metering, positioning 1 Introduction We are accustomed to use various wirelessly communicating devices, which possess different transmission properties according to their application areas. There are devices operating at high bandwidth in short range, but can not percolate walls. On the contrary, other devices can penetrate all kinds of materials for long distances, but operate on lower bandwidth. The transmission properties of these various technologies – beyond transmission power and antenna characteristics – are principally determined by the operating frequency range of the system. In addition, the operating frequency determines the amount of attenuation for the technology, caused by different media. The ability of calculating the signal strength in a given distance from the transmitter is severely important in case of network planning, because such a model helps us to determine where to place the devices, so that the system operates properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Machine Learning-Based Path Loss Models for Heterogeneous
    MACHINE LEARNING-BASED PATH LOSS MODELS FOR HETEROGENEOUS RADIO NETWORK PLANNING IN A SMART CAMPUS POPOOLA, SEGUN ISAIAH Matriculation Number: 16PCK01420 B.Tech. Electronic and Electrical Engineering (LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria) July, 2018 MACHINE LEARNING-BASED PATH LOSS MODELS FOR HETEROGENEOUS RADIO NETWORK PLANNING IN A SMART CAMPUS POPOOLA, SEGUN ISAIAH Matriculation Number: 16PCK01420 B.Tech. Electronic and Electrical Engineering (LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING (M.ENG) DEGREE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING July, 2018 ii ACCEPTANCE This is to attest that this dissertation is accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Engineering (M.Eng) degree in the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Mr. J. A. Philip …………………………………….. (Secretary, School of Postgraduate Studies) Signature & Date Prof. A. H. Adebayo …………………………………….. (Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies) Signature & Date iii DECLARATION I, POPOOLA, SEGUN ISAIAH (16PCK01420), declare that this M.Eng dissertation titled “Machine Learning-Based Path Loss Models for Heterogeneous Radio Network Planning in a Smart Campus” was carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. AAA. Atayero of the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University Ota,
    [Show full text]
  • OPTIMIZATION of RF PROPAGATION MODELS for COGNITIVE RADIO Anirban Basu1, Dr
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 OPTIMIZATION OF RF PROPAGATION MODELS FOR COGNITIVE RADIO Anirban Basu1, Dr. Prabir Banerjee2, Prof. Siladitya Sen3 1M. Tech, Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering, HITK, West Bengal, India 2Professor(HOD), Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering, HITK, West Bengal, India 3Associate Professor, Dept. of Electronics and communication Engineering, HITK, West Bengal, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Radio propagation models mainly focus on accommodating the increasing number of services and realization of path loss. Radio propagation models are applications in wireless environment. Now Radio empirical in nature and developed based on large collection of propagation models are an empirical formulation for data for the specific scenario. The aim of this paper is to study characterize the radio wave propagation as a function of of different path loss propagation models in radio distance between transmitter and receiver antenna, function communication at different frequency band. Like Log normal of frequency and function of other condition. RF Propagation shadowing model SUI model, Hata model, Okumura model, models [9] are used in network planning, particularly for COST-231 model and which is best suited for the Cognitive conducting feasibility studies & during initial deployment. So radio based on which it can analyze the available Spectrum in in Cognitive radio RF propagation models [6] are so the licensed spectrum band. Here we also try to find the important that’s help to find proper transmission channel correction factor for Log normal shadowing model as it does depending on the various factors like path loss, scattering, not directly depend on frequency parameter.
    [Show full text]
  • ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL of GRADUATE STUDIES Context
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Context-Aware Mobile Phone Based City Guide By: Ayenew Yifru Argaw A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Science April, 2013 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies College of Natural Sciences Department of Computer Science Context-Aware Mobile Phone Based City Guide By: Ayenew Yifru Argaw Approved By: Members of the Examination Board: 1. Dejene Ejigu (Ph. D.), Advisor __________________ 2. Yaregal Assabie (Ph.D.),Examiner __________________ 3. ___________________________ ______________________ 4. ____________________________ _____________________ Context-Aware Mobile Phone Based City Guide Acknowledgement I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Dejene Ejigu, for his guidance, and advice throughout this thesis. His eagerness and encouragement has always inspired me to accelerate towards the completion of the work. I would also like to thank all my instructors at the Department of Computer Science, for their personal commitment and contribution to the success of the graduate program. I would also like to thank my friends, Andinet, Misganaw, Shewangzaw and Siraj, who always shared those harsh and gladly events with me and the same is true for the years to come. In Parallel I would like to express my hearty respect to Meseret Assefa who supports me with relevant resources and materials. Finally, I thank my family for years of encouragement. I am sure that no one will be happier or prouder to see me complete this course of study than my parents. I Context-Aware Mobile Phone Based City Guide Dedication To my mother Zeneb Adamu.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiowave Propagation and Antennas for Personal Communications
    Radiowave Propagation and Antennas for Personal Communications Third Edition For a complete listing of the Artech House Mobile Communications Library, turn to the back of this book. Radiowave Propagation and Antennas for Personal Communications Third Edition Kazimierz Siwiak Yasaman Bahreini a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record of this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record of this book is available at the British Library. ISBN 13: 978-1-59693-073-5 Cover design by Igor Valdman © 2007 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including pho- tocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my family for their support and guidance, my mom for teaching me patience, and my dad for teaching me perseverance. —Yassi Moim Rodzicom Janowi i Bronislawie – Kai Contents Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the Third
    [Show full text]
  • A Gis Based Uhf Radio Wave Propagation Model for Area Within 25Km Radius from OSRC Transmitting Antenna
    International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 5, May - 2014 A Gis Based Uhf Radio Wave Propagation Model for Area Within 25km Radius From OSRC Transmitting Antenna K. L. Omolaye, P. O. Omolaye, G. A. Akpakwu, Dept of Geographical Information Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Dept of Electrical and Electronics System and Remote Sensing, Engineering, Engineering, Federal University of Technology, University of Agriculture , University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Akure, Nigeria. Makurdi, Nigeria. Makurdi, Nigeria. Abstract- For effective network coverage across different terrain The wireless communication has drawn attention as a and landcover, accurate prediction model is required. Radio wave result of drastic change in technology and the demand for the models are essential tools for predicting wave propagation quality products and services over the years. From the characteristics in a particular environment. This paper investigates transmitter, radio propagation takes different propagation path signal strength using Geospatial Technology which was applied to to the receiver and it depends on the interaction with UHF radio wave propagation within 25km radius from Ondo State Radiovision Corporation Transmitting Antenna. Five major routes interfering object along the path of propagation. In radio wave within the study area were considered and signal strength propagation, there are interactions between waves and measurements were carried out at interval of 1km across different environment attenuates the signal level which causes path loss land cover type and terrain variations. Three empirical models and finally limits coverage area. This is simply because (Okumura-Hata, COST-Hata and Egli model) were considered for propagation characteristics of radio wave such as fading, path the study due to their system parameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of an Sdr Based Aerial Base Station
    OPTIMIZATION OF AN SDR BASED AERIAL BASE STATION Steffy Ann Mathews Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2017 APPROVED: Kamesh Namuduri, Major Professor Murali Varanasi, Committee Member Mark Thompson, Committee Member Shengli Fu, Chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering Costas Tsatsoulis, Dean of the College of Engineering Victor Prybutok, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Mathews, Steffy Ann. Optimization of an SDR Based Aerial Base Station. Master of Science (Electrical Engineering), August 2017, 74 pp., 7 tables, 29 figures, 31 numbered references. This thesis proposes a design of a rapidly deployable GSM base station that provides voice and data communication and it is interoperable with the existing network infrastructure. The prototype is based on software defined radios and makes use of IEEE 802.11 unlicensed wireless Radio Frequency band for backhaul link and an open source GSM implementation software. The prototype is evaluated in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight environments to measure the quality of the received signal strength and coverage area. The setup is then optimized to increase the quality of service. It is observed that in environments with limited obstacles the base station covers a larger area with good quality of service. On the other hand, when the environments are filled with obstacles the coverage area decreases along with the quality of service due to interference and fading. It is concluded that in order to achieve strong received signals and larger coverage area the transmit power needs to be increased. Copyright 2017 By Steffy Ann Mathews ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr.
    [Show full text]