Оригинален научен труд Original Scientific Article

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE GASTEROMYCETE FUNGI - ORDERS AND Sclerodermatales IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Mitko KARADELEV1, Katerina RUSEVSKA1 & Kristina STOJKOSKA2

1Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, P.O. Box 162, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, the Repub- lic of Macedonia 2Macedonian mycological society, Mycological laboratory, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Arhimedova 5, P.O.Box 162, 1000 Skopje, the Republic of Macedonia

ABSTRACT

Karadelev M., Rusevska K. & Stojkoska K. (2008): Distribution and ecology of the Gasteromycete fungi - orders Phallales and Sclerodermatales in the Republic of Macedonia. Proceedings of the III Congress of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with International Participation, 06-09.10.2007, Struga. Special issues of Macedo- nian Ecological Society, Vol. 8, Skopje. This is the first paper on systematic research on the gasteromycetes belonging to orders Phallales and Scle- rodermatales in the Republic of Macedonia. Within the researches in the Republic of Macedonia 15 species have been recorded: ruber, caninus, hadriani, P. impudicus, Astraeus hygrometricus, Pisoli- thus arhizus, Scleroderma areolatum, S. bovista, S. cepa, S. citrinum, S. meridionale, S. polyrhizum, S. septentri- onale, S. verrucosum and Sphaerobolus stellatus. The following four species are new for Macedonia: Phallus had- riani, Scleroderma bovista, S. cepa and S. polyrhizum. Two species are part of the Preliminary Red List of Macro- mycetes in the Republic of Macedonia - and . Pisolithus arhizus is a species from Appendix I of Bern Convention.

Introduction ner1939; Sylejmani 1980; Tortić 1988; Karadelev et al., 2002b; Rusevska & Karadelev 2004) and Spha- Systematic research on orders Phallales and erobolus stellatus (Karadelev et al. 2003a.). Sclerodermatales in the Republic of Macedonia has not been conducted up till now and there are rela- Materials and methods tively few mycological papers concerned only with individual species of these orders. Publications mak- The sources of this paper are exsiccates de- ing reference to individual species are as follows: posited in different collections, research notes of the Astraeus hygrometricus (Pilát & Lindtner 1939; present authors. The previously published data are Tortić & Cekova 1975; Sylejmani 1980; Tortić 1988, also included so as to have the complete list of these Karadelev & Stojanovska 2002-2003; Rusevska & groups of fungi, while the most unpublished data are Karadelev, 2004.), Clathrus ruber (Pilát & Lindt- from the period of 2000th to date. Some of the spec- ner, 1939; Sylejmani 1980; Tortić 1988; Karade- imens, as mentioned above, have been preserved at lev 2000a; Karadelev et al. 2003a), Mutinus cani- the Botanical Department, Faculty of Science in Za- nus (Pilát & Lindtner 1939; Sylejmani 1980; Tortić greb, and in the National Collection of Fungi (FUN- 1988, Karadelev et al. 2002b; Rusevska & Kara- GI MACEDONICI) at the Institute of Biology, Fac- delev 2004); (Sylejmani 1980; ulty of Natural Science, Ss Cyril and Methodius Tortić 1988; Karadelev 2000d, Karadelev et al. 2002 University in Skopje. The collections in the fungari- a, b, c, 2003b, Karadelev & Rusevska, 2004); Piso- um of the Botanical Department, Faculty of Science lothus arhizus (Tortić 1988, Karadelev et al. 2003b, in Zagreb, have been mostly collected and examined Karadelev & Rusevska, 2004); Scleroderma areola- by M. Tortić. All other species without any fungar- tum (Karadelev et al. 2003b; Karadelev & Rusevs- ia marks in the text have been collected and deter- ka, 2004); S. citrinum (Karadelev 2000d; Karadelev mined by the present authors. et al. 2003b, 2004a); S. verrucosum (Pilát & Lindt- The identification of the species has been done

208 Distribution and ecology of the Gasteromycete fungi - orders Phallales and Sclerodermatales... according to Jülich (1984), Breitenbach & Kränz- is, 26.02.2007, exs. MAK 07/6850; Kozarnik, 200 lin (1986), Pegler et al. (1995), Hansen & Knuds- m, meadow in Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum ori- en (1997), Calonge (1998), Krieglsteiner (2000) and entalis, 03.01.2006, leg. Karadelev; around Kuca- Dähncke (2001). In a few cases, the names of the lat, 200-300 m, Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum ori- species have been modified according to Index Fun- entalis, 02.01.2003, leg. Karadelev; road to Pogana, gorum 2005 and http://www.mycobank.org/Myco- 250 m, meadow, 10.07.1983, exs. MAK 83/7729; Taxo.aspx. The species are reported alphabetically. 350-370 m, dry grassy places, 06.09.1983, exs. Under each fungal species data of geographical dis- MAK 83/7728; Ranavec, 400 m, Querco coccifer- tribution, altitude, forest association, substrate, data ae-Carpinetum orientalis, 23.08.2006, leg. Kara- source and previous publications­ are provided. dalev; Demir Kapija: Kaludjerska Chuka, 600 m, Marks and abbreviations: meadow, 21.05.2005, exs. MAK 05/4908; road to leg. - legator (collector) Chelevec vill, Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum orien- exs. - collections in which the dried material talis, 10.12.2005, exs. MAK 05/5511; Dobra Voda (exsiccatum) is deposited Mt: above Jagol Dolenci vill., Radilica, meadow in Ref. - references (sources of records of the Quercetum frainetto-cerris, 25.10.2007, exs. MAK taxon) 07/8228; Jagol Dolenci vill., meadow in Quercetum vill. - village frainetto-cerris, 850 m, 24.10.2007, leg. E. Mura- Mt - mountain ti; Popovjane vill., Quercetum-frainetto-cerris, 750- BSRS - Biology students research society 800 m, 05.12.2007, exs. MAK 07/8549; Galichica * - new species for the Republic of Macedonia Mt: Trpejca vill., exs. MAK 05/7977; Gevgelija: Davidovo vill., meadow, 08.10.1998, leg. Karade- Resultes lev; Miravci vill., Argacho, 300 m, Querco coccifer- ae-Carpinetum orientalis, 22.05.2005, leg. BSRS; 1. Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan (Fig. 1) near Negorci vill., 80-200 m, Querco coccifer- Collection: BEO, herb. Karadelev, herb. ae-Carpinetum orientalis, 09.04.2005, exs. MAK Sylejmani, MAK, PRM, SKO, ZA. 05/4832; Gradishki Planini Mt: Kolitsko vill., 700 Ref.: Pilát & Lindtner 1939; Tortić & Cek- m, oak forest, 09.2005, exs. MAK 05/911; Jablani- ova 1975; Sylejmani 1980; Tortić 1988, Karadelev ca Mt: above Gorna Belica vill., Dupka, 1550-1750 & Stojanovska 2002-2003; Rusevska & Karadelev m, beech forest, 10.07.2006, exs. MAK 06/5817; be- 2004. tween Gorna Belica vill. and Vevchani vill., 1400- substrate: soil 1200 m, meadow, 11.07.2006; below Gorna Bel- Bistra Mt: Lazaropole vill., footpath to St. ica vill., Jankov Kamen, 1300 m, beech forest, Gjorgija church, 1300 m, beech forest, 08.08.2005, 11.07.2006; Krstec, 1650 m, pasture, 12.07.2006, exs. MAK 05/5221; Sretkovo vill., 1000 m, beech leg. BSRS; Jakupica Mt: beech forest, 12.10.2007, forest, 25.05.2007, exs. MAK 07/6887; Bogdan- exs. MAK 07/8009; Gorno Vranovci vill., mead- ci: 150 m, Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum ori- ow, 800 m, 08.11.1998, exs. MAK 98/6531; vicin- entalis, 12.12.2005, exs. MAK 05/5512; Bolo- ity of Kichevo: 800 m, oak forest (Quercus frai- van, above Strelishte, 200 m, Querco coccifer- netto), 10.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5329; Kochani: ae-Carpinetum orientalis, 26.05.2007, exs. MAK dam Gratche, (above artificial lake Kochansko Eze- 07/6896; 24.11.2007, leg. Karadelev; Gjavato vill., ro), r. Velika Reka, 500 m, Querco-Carpinetum ori- Gjurov Dol, 60 m, Coccifero-Carpinetum oriental- entalis, 22.04.2007, leg. BSRS; Kozhuf Mt: Hu-

Fig. 1 Astraeus hygrometricus Fig. 2 • Clathrus ruber ■ Pisolithus arhizus

Proceedings of the III Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia 209 Mitko KARADELEV et al. ma vill., 09.1983, exs. MAK 83/7731; Poljana na Aramiite, 10.09.1983, exs. MAK 83/7730; near 2. Clathrus ruber P. Micheli: Pers. (Fig. 2) r. Stara Reka, azonal vegetation, 18.07.2005, exs. Collection: BEO, herb. Sylejmani, MAK. MAK 05/5136; Marjanska Planina, Petkova Niva, Ref.: Pilát & Lindtner 1939; Sylejmani 1980; 300 m, pasture, 06.04.2007, leg. Ljupčo Melovs- Tortić 1988; Karadelev 2000a; Karadelev et al. ki; Konjsko vill., meadow, 600 m, 25.10.2007, leg. 2003a. Karadelev; vicinity of Kumanovo: D’lga vill., 650- substrate: soil 700 m, Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedoni- Katlanovo: St. Bogorodica Monastery, cum, 12.03.2003, leg. Stole Stojanov; Staro Nago- 200m, Querco-Carpinetum orientalis, 23.10.2002, richane, Algunja vill., deciduous forest (Quercus, exs. MAK 02/2874; r. Pchinja (Kumanovo): Bis- Crataegus), 04.2007, exs. MAK 07/6655; Mariovo limska Klisura, leg. Stole Stojanov. (Prilep): road to Vitolishte vill., oak forest (Quer- cus trojana), 11.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5422; Oso- 3. Mutinus caninus (Huds.: Pers.) Fr. (Fig. 3) govski Planini Mt: Kalin Kamen, 1650 m, pasture, Collections: MAK, herb. Sylejmani, PRM. 09.05.2004, exs. MAK 04/4032; Stanci vill., 900- Ref: Pilát & Lindtner 1939; Sylejmani 1980; 970 m, deciduous forest (Carpinus, Betula, Fagus), Tortić 1988; Karadelev et al. 2002b; Rusevska & 13.05.2007, exs. MAK 07/6706; Ponikva, between Karadelev 2004. Ivkov Preslap and Panagjur, 1550-1600 m, edge of substrate: soil beech forest, 11.07.2007, exs. MAK 07/8434; Pas- Bistra Mt: Lazaropole vill., footpath to adzhikovo, beech forest, 1100 m, 20.10.2007, exs. Sokolica, 1300-1400 m, deciduous forest (Fagus, MAK 07/8118; Pelister Mt: Kazhani vill., 1000 Corylus, Quercus), 06.08.2006, exs. MAK 06/5931. m, Pinus nigra plantings with Quercus cerris and Q. frainetto, 19.04.2002, leg. Karadelev; Prespa: 4. * Vent.: Pers. (Fig. 4) Slivnica vill., 1050 m, oak forest, 21.04.2002, leg. Collection: MAK. Karadelev; above Mite Bogoevski children‘s resort, substrate: soil 950 m, oak forest (Quercus pubescens, Q. frainetto), Kumanovo: Staro Nagorichane vill., 09.07.2006, exs. MAK 06/5834; vicinity of Skopje: 25.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/799; Negotino: Iljo Kuchkovo vill., above St. Gjorgija monastery, 400 Vilarov agriculture combinat‘s plantations, vine- m, meadow with Juniperus oxycedrus, 24.02.2007, yard, 04.11.2002, exs. MAK 02/2998; Osogovs- exs. MAK 07/6640; below Kozhle vill. (between r. ki Planini Mt: Krupishte vill., Populus nigra plant- Pcinja and r. Vardar), meadow in Juniperus excel- ings, 21.10.2007, exs. MAK 07/8048; vicinity of sa forest, 19.10.2007, exs. MAK 07/8028; Skopska Skopje: around Markov Manastir, 400 m, Quer- Crna Gora Mt: above Chucher-Sandevo vill., 600 co-Carpinetum orientalis, 26.11.2006, exs. MAK m, degradated oak forest (Querco-Carpinetum ori- 06/304; Valandovo: around monastery St. Gjorgi- entalis), 06.10.1998, leg. Karadelev; Ljubanci vill., ja, 200 m, Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum orienta- Zgurovci, 800 m, meadow, 02.10.2005, exs MAK lis, 30.11.2005, leg.: Marija Dorolojkova. 05/5436; Ljubanci vill., above St. Nikola monastery, 800 m, meadow, 24.04.2006, exs. MAK 06/1244; 5. Phallus impudicus L.: Pers. (Fig. 4) Sveti Nikole: Pavleshenci vill., 500-550 m, oak for- Collection: MAK, herb. Karadelev, herb. ���Sy- est, 11.2004, exs. MAK 04/4362; lejmani.

Fig. 3 • Mutinus caninus ■ Sphaerobolus stellatus Fig. 4 ■ Phallus hadrianii •Ph. impudicus

210 Зборник на трудови од III Конгрес на еколозите од Македонија Distribution and ecology of the Gasteromycete fungi - orders Phallales and Sclerodermatales...

Fig. 5 • Scleroderma areolatum ■ S. bovista Fig. 6 ■ S. cepa • S. citrinum

Ref.: Sylejmani 1980; Tortić 1988, Karade- yard, 08.06.2007, exs. MAK 07/7150; Skopska Cr- lev 2000d, Karadelev et al. 2002a, b, c, 2003b, Ka- na Gora Mt: above Chucher-Sandevo vill., 600 m, radelev & Rusevska, 2004. degradated oak forest (Querco-Carpinetum orienta- substrate: soil lis), 06.10.1988, exs. MAK 98/4331; Ljubanci vill., Bistra Mt: above Lazaropole vill., 1300- around monastery St. Nikola, 800 m, at roadsides, 1400 m, Calmintho grandiflorae-Fagetum, edges of Querco-Carpinetum orientalis, silicate soil, 01.08.2004, leg. BSRS; Lopushnik, Lopushnik, be- 11.09.2005, exs. MAK 05/5164; Zgurovci, meadow, low Kočo Racin Monument, 1500-1600 m, beech 09.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5506. forest, 06.08.2006, exs. MAK 06/5920; Bogdanci and vicinity: Stojakovo vill., arable land, 10.1992, 7. Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb. (Fig. 5) leg. Karadelev; Jakupica Mt: Kitka Mt: above Gor- Collection: MAK. no Kolichani vill., 700-900 m, Quercetum frainetto- Ref.: Karadelev et al. 2003b; Karadelev & cerris, 19.10.1998, leg. Karadelev; Kozhuf Mt: be- Rusevska 2004; tween Visoka Chuka and Golema Poljana, 1200-1300 substrate: soil m, Festuco heterophyllae-Fagetum, 10.07.1996, Dobra Voda Mt: above Jagol vill., Quer- leg. Karadelev; above r. Stragarnica, 1000 m, beech cetum-frainetto-cerris, 01.11.2007, exs. MAK forest, 17.07.1998, exs. MAK 98/4528; near Asan 07/8552; Jakupica Mt: Orashche vill., 800-900 m, Cheshma, 800 m, beech forest, 10.07.2004, leg. Ka- Quercetum frainetto-cerris, 15.07.1999, exs. MAK radelev; Osogovo Mt: Ponikva, 1570-1480 m, beech 99/2293; Osogovski Planini Mt: Konopnica vill., forest, 12.07.2007, exs. MAK 07/8439; Shar Plani- 1100 m, oak and beech forest, 03.09.2002, exs. na Mt: Popova Shapka, 1600 m, Calmintho gran- MAK 02/4202; Festuco heterophyllae-Fagetum, diflorae-Fagetum, 04.07.1993, exs. MAK 93/1598; 03.09.2002, leg. Danijela Mitovska; Pelister Mt: vicinity of Skopje: Vodno, near Krushopek vill., around Trnovo vill., 1200 m, Festuco heterophyl- 800 m, deciduous forest, 16.10.2005, exs. MAK lae-Fagetum, 26.05.2002, leg. M. Karadelev; Ro- 05/5262; tino vill., 1000 m, pasture, 26.10.2004, exs. MAK 6. Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.: Pers.) Rauschert 04/4954; Skopska Crna Gora Mt: Ljubanci vill., (Fig. 2) near St. Nikola monastery, 800 m, Querco-Carpine- Collection: BEO, MAK. tum orientalis, 09.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/545; road- Ref.: Tortić 1988 - published as P. tinctorius sides 01.2007, exs. MAK 07/7984; vicinity of Sko- (Mich. ex Pers.) Cooker et Couch (syn. P. arenari- pje: Vodno, near Krushopek vill., 800 m, deciduous us Alb. et Schw.), Karadelev et al. 2003b, Karadelev, forest, 16.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5300. Rusevska 2004. substrate: soil 8. *Scleroderma bovista Fr. (Fig. 5) Bistra Mt: above Ehloec vill., 700 m, oak for- Collection: MAK. est (Quercus cerris), 14.10.2006, exs. MAK 06/6099; substrate: soil Bogdanci: Pogana, 300 m, meadow, 30.10.1987, Bogdanci: Bolovan, 250 m, Juglando-Pla- exs. MAK 87/7737; Galichica Mt: between Ote- tanetum orientalis, 11.11.2006,exs. MAK 06/330; shevo and Kale, 900-1000 m, Quercetum troja- Jablanica Mt: below Gorna Belica vill., 1300 m, nae, 08.10.1988, leg. Karadelev; Gevgelija: Mirav- beech forest, 16.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5304; Ko- ci vill., meadow in Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum zhuf Mt: above Oreovica vill., 850 m, 19.07.1998, orientalis, 08.10.1988, leg. Karadelev; Probishtip: exs. MAK 98/4525; Smrdliva Voda, 800 m, beech

Proceedings of the III Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia 211 Mitko KARADELEV et al. forest, 23.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/788; Osogovski substrate: soil Planini Mt: Konopnica vill., 1100 m, Festuco het- Bogdanci: 150 m, 12.12.2005, Querco cocci- erophyllae-Fagetum, 14.07.2003, leg. Danijela Mi- ferae-Carpinetum orientalis, exs. MAK 05/5505. tovska; Pelister Mt: Gjavato, 1000 m, Abieti-Fage- tum, 09.10.2001, exs. MAK 01/168. 12. *Scleroderma polyrhizum J.F. Gmel.: Pers. (Fig. 7) 9. *Scleroderma cepa Pers.: Pers. (Fig. 6) Collection: MAK. Collection: MAK. substrate: soil substrate: soil Bogdanci: around Kuchalat, 200-300 Galichica Mt: Trpejca vill., 22.10.2005, exs. m, Querco cocciferae-Carpinetum orientalis, MAK 05/800, Pelister Mt: Gjavato, 1000 m, Abieti- 02.01.2003, exs. MAK 03/4749; Dobra Voda Mt: Fagetum, 09.10.2005, exs. MAK 01/5503; Skopje: above Jagol vill., 850 m, meadow in Quercetum Gazi Baba, Botanical Garden (Faculty of Natural frainetto-cerris, 24.10.2007, exs. MAK 07/8229; Science and Mathematics), 250 m, park, 20.10.2006, Kichevo: Rashtanski Pat, meadow, 06.11.2007, exs. exs. MAK 06/6180; Skopska Crna Gora Mt: MAK 07/8354; Skopska Crna Gora Mt: Ljubanci Ljubanci vill., around monastery St. Nikola, 800 vill., Zgurovci, 800 m, forest edges (Querco-Carpin- m, roadsides, grassy place, 11.09.2005, exs. MAK etum orientalis), 02.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5508; 05/5161; vicinity of Tetovo: 11.2007, exs. MAK meadow, 09.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/1199; between 07/8355. monastery St. Nikola and Zgurovci, 800, roadsides, 02.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5507. 10. Scleroderma citrinum Pers. (Fig. 6) Collection: MAK. 13. Scleroderma cf. septentrionale Jeppson (Fig. Ref.: Karadelev 2000d, Karadelev et al. 7) 2003b, 2004a; Collection: MAK. substrate: soil substrate: soil vicinity of Bogdanci: 150 m, meadow, Skopska Crna Gora Mt: Ljubanci vill., 05.07.1989 exs. MAK 89/4709; Dobra Voda Mt: above monastery st. Nikola, oak forest with Cas- between Tuin vill. and Popovjani vill., 800-1100 m, tanea plantings, 800 m, 29.08.2006, exs. MAK oak forest, 10.10.2002, exs. MAK 02/7981; Kozhuf 06/5993. Mt: Konjsko vill., meadow, 05.10.1996, leg. M. Ka- radelev; Nidze Mt: r. Prava Reka, 1400 m, Fago- 14. Scleroderma verrucosum Bull.: Pers. (Fig. 8) Pinetum sylvestris, 16.07.2002, exs. MAK 02/5498; Collection: herb. Sylejmani; PRM; MAK. Skopje: Gazi Baba, 300 m, oak forest, 18.10.2006, Ref.: Pilát & Lindtner1939; Sylejmani 1980; exs. MAK 06/6291; Skopska Crna Gora Mt: Tortić 1988; Karadelev et al., 2002b; Rusevska & Ljubanci vill., above St. Nikola monastery, 800- Karadelev 2004 - misappl. - published as S. areo- 900 m, edge of oak forest (Quercus and Carpinus), latum). 29.10.2006, exs. MAK 06/6268; Tetovo: 450 m, substrate: soil yard, 11.10.2006, exs. MAK 06/6069. Demir Hisar: Smilevo vill., meadow, 06.11.2004, exs. MAK 04/4776; Galichica Mt: Grad- 11. Scleroderma cf. meridionale Demoulin & ishte, 800 m, roadsides, grassy place, 10.11.2005, Malenç. (Fig. 8) exs. MAK 05/5324; Pljuska, 1000m, Quercetum frai- Collection: MAK netto-cerris, 15.09.2006, exs. MAK 06/7265; vicin-

Fig. 7 • S. polyrhizum ■ S. septentrionale Fig. 8 ■ S. meridionale • S. verrucosum

212 Зборник на трудови од III Конгрес на еколозите од Македонија Distribution and ecology of the Gasteromycete fungi - orders Phallales and Sclerodermatales... ity of Kichevo: 800 m, oak forest (Quercus frainet- cies known from three localities: Jakupica Mt. (Syle- to), 10.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/5336; Kumanovo: jmani 1980; Tortić 1988), Vodno Mt. (Pilát & Lindt- Skachkovce vill., 500-700 m, Querco-Carpinetum ner 1939), Pelister Mt. (Karadelev et al. 2003a). orientalis, 18.11.2002, exs. MAK 02/3032; Ogra- Two localities, Katlanovo (oak forest) and Bislims- zhden Mt: Suvi Laki, 1200 m, mixed forest (Pinus, ka Klisura are new (Fig. 2). According to Karadelev Quercus, Fagus), 23.10.2005, exs. MAK 05/4303; (2000a) this species is a part of the Preliminary red Skopje and vicinity: Gazi Baba, Botanical Gar- list of the macromycetes in the Republic of Macedo- den (Faculty of Natural Science and Mathemat- nia, in the category of particularly rare or rare spe- ics), 250 m, park, 22.05.2007, exs. MAK 07/6864; cies. 19.06.2007, exs. MAK 07/7650; Matka, 250-300 m, Mutinus caninus grows in rich soils, parks Querco-Carpinetum orientalis, 25.10.1998, leg. M. and gardens, fruiting in autumn (Calonge, 1998) Karadelev; Skopska Crna Gora Mt: Ljubanci vill., and according to Pegler et al., 1995 grows also on r. Ljubanska Reka, 800 m, roadsides, 18.09.2005, soil in damp, deciduous woodland, decaying stumps exs. MAK 05/1170; above St. Nikola monastery, and rarely on rotting wood. In Macedonia is known 800-900 m, deciduous forest (Carpinus, Cornus, mainly from beech forests at three localities (Pilát & Corylus), 23.09.2007, exs. MAK 07/7987; around Lindtner, 1939; Sylejmani, 1980; Tortić, 1988; Ka- monastery St. Nikola, 800 m, oak forest, 08.01.2006, radelev et al. 2002b; Rusevska & Karadelev, 2004), exs. MAK 06/5504; between monastery St. Nikola a data from Bistra Mt (deciduous forest) is a new and Zgurovci, 800 m, oak forest, 19.03.2006, leg. K. one. This species is incorporated in the Preliminary Rusevska; Zgurovci, 800 m, 02.10.2005, exs. MAK red list of the macromycetes in Macedonia, in the 05/5448. category of particularly rare or rare species (Karade- lev, 2000) (Fig. 2). 15. Sphaerobolus stellatus Tode: Pers. (Fig. 3) Phallus hadriani grows in rich soil of parks Collection: MAK. and gardens with fruiting in autumn and is wide- Ref.: Karadelev et al. 2003a. spread in (Calonge, 1998). In Macedonia it substrate: Alnus, Asparagus acutifolius is recorded from five localities in oak forests, Popu- Prespa Lake: island Golem Grad, 900 m, lus nigra plantings and vineyard. According to these Pruno webbii-Juniperetum excelsae, dry stem of As- data it is rare species, which is published in this pa- paragus acutifolius, 09.10.2000, exs. MAK 00/4643; per for the first time (Fig. 2). Strumica: near Koleshino vill., 300 m, Periplo- Ph. impudicus grows in rich soils of forests co-Alnetum glutinosae, fallen branches of Alnus, and gardens, also among needle litter in spruce for- 02.10.2002, exs. MAK 02/3632. ests, but also in hardwood forests, with fruiting in autumn. This is common species, primarily at col- Discussion line elevations (Breitenbach & Kränclin, 1986) and according to Krieglsteiner (2000) it is distributed From the total number (23 species) of these from lowland to high-mountain zone. This species is orders known in Europe, within the researches in the recorded from seven localities, two of them are new Republic of Macedonia, 15 species have been re- (vicinity of Skopje and Osogovski Planini Mt), be- corded. tween 150 and 1700 m altitude. (Fig. 2) Astraeus hygrometricus grows in sandy Pisolithus arhizus grows in sandy soils, asso- soils, in mixed forests and fields, showing a great ciated with broad-leaved and coniferous trees, with ability of adaptation to any type of ecology, being fruiting all the year, after the rains. It is common in common in Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (Calonge, (Calonge, 1998). According to Pegler et al. (1995) 1998) but is very rare in Britain (Pegler et al., 1995). this cosmopolitan species occurring in mycorrhizal According to Krieglsteiner (2000) its distribution in associations with woody plants and Krieglstein- Europe is from Mediterranean area to South Eng- er (2000) cited Pinus, Picea, Cedrus, Quercus, Fa- land, Scandinavia and Ukraina. It forms gus as mycorrhizal partners. This species is known with deciduous and coniferous trees, in Central Eu- from few localities in Macedonia (Karadelev & Sto- rope especially with Betula and Pinus. In Macedonia janovska, 2002-2003). According to the current da- it is widespread, but not common species. It is ob- ta it is very common species, known from many lo- served at eight localities, five of them are new. This calities. (Fig. 1). species is incorporated in Appendix I of Bern Con- Clathrus ruber grows in rich soils, under vention, and should be protected in future. (Fig. 2) broad-leaved trees with fruiting in autumn; it is Scleroderma areolatum is abundant in the widely dispersed on the Iberian and Balearic geog- northern and central Europe and becoming more raphy, with a special preference for coastal regions and more rare towards to the south, where it is re- (Calonge, 1998). According to Pegler et al. (1995) in placed with S. verrucosum (Calonge, 1998). Accord- Britain is rare species. In Macedonia is also rare spe- ing to Pegler et al. (1995) is widespread, but occa-

Proceedings of the III Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia 213 Mitko KARADELEV et al. sional throughout the British Isles. As mycorrhizal available so far it is not rare species. (Fig. 3) partners Krieglsteiner (2000) cited oak, beech and Sphaerobolus stellatus grows on rotten other trees. In the Republic of Macedonia it has been wood and decomposing plant remains in forests, al- noted at one locality - Bistra Mt. (Karadelev et al. so on dung. It is distributed in Europe, from Sicil- 2003b) and six are new, mainly in oak and beech for- ian to North Cape and Greenland (Jülich, 1984) and ests. (Fig. 3) according Pegler et al. (1995) this is widespread in Scleroderma bovista grows in chalky soil Britain. It is known from one locality - Pelister Mt. in meadows, fields and mixed forests. According (Karadelev et al. 2003a) and two localities are new Krieglsteiner (2000) mycorrhizal partners for this records: island Golem Grad (on Asparagus acutifo- species are follows: oak, linden, pine, cedar and lius) and Koleshino vill. – Strumica (on Alnus). (Fig. probably other trees. This widespread species in 2). Macedonia is registered in southern and eastern part. It is observed at five localities and according data Conclusions till now the conclusion of its distribution can not be drawn. (Fig. 3) Of the total number of 23 species of these Scleroderma cepa grows in sandy soils, both orders known in Europe, within the researches in in open areas and forests. It is widespread in Iberi- the Republic of Macedonia, the following 15 spe- an Peninsula and Balearic Islands (Calonge, 1998). cies have been recorded: Astraeus hygrometricus, According to Krieglsteiner (2000) it is rare in Cen- Clathrus ruber, Mutinus caninus, Phallus hadriani, tral Europe and mainly distributed in Western Eu- P. impudicus, Pisolithus arhizus, Scleroderma areo- rope. In Macedonia is registered on five localities, latum, S. bovista, S. cepa, S. citrinum, S. meridion- in grassy places, published in this paper for the first ale, S. polyrhizum, S. septentrionale, S. verrucosum time. (Fig. 3) and Sphaerobolus stellatus. The following four spe- Scleroderma citrinum grows in acid or san- cies are new for the Republic of Macedonia: Phal- dy soils, in coniferous and broad-leaved forests. lus hadriani, S. bovista, S. cepa and S. polyrhizum. This common and widespread species in Europe, in Two species (Scleroderma cf. meridionale and Scle- Macedonia is known from one locality – Bistra Mt. roderma cf. septentrionale ) need further investiga- (Karadelev 2000d, Karadelev et al. 2003b, 2004a) tions. Two species are part of the Preliminary Red and seven are new records. (Fig. 3) List of the Macromycetes in the Republic of Mace- Scleroderma cf. meridionale is a typical donia - Clathrus ruber and Mutinus caninus. Piso- Mediterranean species, reported in Iberian Peninsu- lithus arhizus is a species from Appendix I of Bern la and Balearic Islands, , Italy and Morocco Convention. (Calonge, 1998). Whereas it is registered at one lo- cality and there is only one old example, more field References research and laboratory analyses are necessary. Scleroderma polyrhizum grows in sandy Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. (1986). Fungi of soil, under Quercus and Pinus, forming mycorrhizal Switzerland 2. Verlag Mykologia, Luzern, pp associations. According to Calonge, 1998 it is com- 412. mon in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, Calonge, D.F. 1998. Flora Mycologica Iberica. Vol. 3. but it is rare in Britain and is known from Southern, Geburger Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, and from Europe, particularly around Stuttgart. the Mediterranean region (Pegler et al., 1995). This Dähncke, R. M. (2001). 1200 Pilze. AT Verlag / az is a new species for the mycobiota of the country, re- Fachverlage, Aarau, Schweiz. pp 1178. corded in oak forests in following localities: Bog- Hansen, L. & Knudsen, H. (eds.) 1997, Nordic ma- danci, Dobra Voda Mt., Kichevo and Skopska Crna cromycetes. 3. Heterobasidioid, Aphyllop- Gora Mt, with vertical distribution in lowland and horoid and Gasteromycetoid Basidiomyce- submontane zone. (Fig. 3) tes. Nordswamp, Copenhagen, pp 444. Scleroderma cf. septentrionale is problem- http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp atic species, observed at one locality, for which are http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx need further laboratory analyses. Jülich,W. (1984). Die Nichtblaterpilze, Gallertpil- Scleroderma verrucosum grows on rich and ze und Bauchpilze. Kleine Kryptogamenflora sandy soil, in deciduous woodlands, parkland, oc- Bd.II, b/1. Stuttgart. pp 628. casionally on rotting wood. It is common and wide- Karadelev, M. & Rusevska, K. (2004). Eco-taxono- spread species in Europe, from Mediterranean area mic research of fungi on Bistra Mountain. to Arctic Circle. In Macedonia it is observed in var- Proceedings of II Congress of Ecologists of ious associations: mixed forest, oak forests, beech the Repub­lic of Macedonia with International forests, roadsides, parks. It is registered at nine lo- Participation. Skopje, Vol. 6, pp. 393-397. calities, seven of them are new. According to data Karadelev, M. & Stojanovska, D. (2002-2003). Di-

214 Зборник на трудови од III Конгрес на еколозите од Македонија Distribution and ecology of the Gasteromycete fungi - orders Phallales and Sclerodermatales...

versity of star-like Gasteromycetes in the Re- Biol. Stud. Res. Soc., Skopje, 2, 79-87. (in public of Macedonia. God. zb. Biol. 55/56: Macedonian) 29-41. (in macedonian) Karadelev, M., Nastov, Z. & Rusevska, K. (2002). Karadelev, M. (2000). Preliminary Red List of Mac- Qualitative and quanti­tative investigation of rofungi in the Republic of Macedonia. Eu- macromycetes on Ograzden Mountain. Bull. ropean Council of Conservation of Fungi, Biol. Stud. Res. Soc., Skopje, 2, 89-92. (in Newsletter, 10: 7-11. Macedonian) Karadelev, M. (2000). Preliminary red list of macro- Karadelev, M., Rusevska, K. Miteva, S. & Stojko- fungi in the Republic of Macedonia. Europe- ska, K. (2003). Qualitative and quantitative an Council of Conservation of Fungi, News- inves­ti­gation of fungi on Bistra Mountain. letter 10, 7-11. Bull. Biol.Stud. Res. Soc, Skopje, 3, 33-37. Karadelev, M. (2000). Qualitative and quantitative (in Macedonian) investigation of macromycetes (Basidiomy- Krieglsteiner, G. J. (2000). Die Großpilze Baden- cetes and Ascomycetes) in the ass. Calamint- Wurttembergs. Band 2, Stuttgart: Eugen Ul- ho grandiflorae-Fagetum in Nati­o­nal Park mer GmbH & Co. pp 620. “Mavrovo”. Proceedings of the symposium Pegler, D.N., Læssø, T. & Spooner, B.M. 1995. Bri- “Soils and their exploitation”, Maced. Acad. tish puffballs, earthstars and stinkhorns. Roy. Sci. Arts, Skopje. 135-142. (in macedonian) Bot. Gard., Kew. Karadelev, M., Kost, G. & Rexer, K.H. (2003). ����Mac- Pilát, A. & Lindtner, V. (1939). Ein Beitrag zur romycetes diversity in Pinus peuce forest in Kenntnis der Basidiomyceten von Südserbi- the Republic of Macedonia. Atti����������������� del III Con- en II. Glasn. Skop. nauč. drustva, 20: 1-11. vegno Nazionale di Studi Micologici “I Fun- Pilát, A. & Lindtner, V. 1939. Ein Beitrag zur Kennt- ghi del Monte Amiata”. Piancasta���������������������gnaio,­ Ita- nis der Basidiomyceten von Südserbien II. – ly, pp. 32-47. Glasn. Skopsk. Naučn. Društva, 20: 1-11. Karadelev, M., Miteva, S. & Stojkoska, K. (2004). Rusevska, K. & Karadelev, M. (2004). Eco-taxo- Humano-toxic macromy­ ­ce­tes in the Repub- nomic research into macromycetes on Vodno lic of Macedonia. Proceedings of II Congress Mountain. Mycol. Monten. VII: 53-63. of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia Rusevska, K. & Karadelev, M. 2004. Eco-taxonom- with International Participation. Skopje, Vol. ic researches into macromycetes on Vodno 6, pp. 472-478. Mountain. – Mycol. Monten., 7: 53-63. Karadelev, M., Nastov, Z. & Rusevska, K. (2002). Sylejmani, S. (1980). Mikoflora u dvije љ���������������������umske aso- Qualitative and quantitative investigation of cijacije na planini Jakupici. Magistarski rad. macromycetes on Shar Planina Mountain. Tortić, M. & Cekova, M. (1975). The higher fungi of Bull. Biol. Stud. Res. Soc., Skopje, 2, 71-78. Jakupica Mountain. God. zb. Biol.-Prir.-mat. (in Macedonian) fak. Skopje. 27/28: 213-219. Karadelev, M., Nastov, Z. & Rusevska, K. (2002). Tortić, M. (1988). Materials for the mycoflora of Qualitative and quanti­tative investigation of Macedonia. Maced. Acad. Sci. Arts, Skopje. macromycetes on Jakupica Mountain. Bull.

Proceedings of the III Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia 215 Mitko KARADELEV et al.

ДИСТРИБУЦИЈА И ЕКОЛОГИЈА НА ГАСТЕРОМИЦЕТИ ОД РЕДОВИТЕ �������PHALLA- LES И SCLERODERMATALES ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА

Катерина РУСЕВСКА1, Кристина СТОЈКОСКА2 и Митко КАРАДЕЛЕВ1

1Институт за биологија, Природно-математички факултет, П.Фах 162, Архимедова 5, 1000 Скопје, Република Македонија 2Македонско миколошко друштво, Миколошка лабораторија, Природно-математички факултет, Архимедова 5, П.Фах 162, 1000 Скопје, Република Македонија

Резиме

Ова се први податоци за систематски истражувања на гастеромицети од редовите Phallales и Sclerodermatales во Република Македонија. Со цел да се презентира комплетна листа на видови во трудот се вклучени и пртходно објавени податоци, додека најголем дел од необјавените податоците се од истражувања вршени од 2000 година до денес. Од вкупно 23 вида регистрирани во Европа со истражувањата во Република Македонија се регистрирани следните 15 вида: Astraeus hygrometricus, Clathrus ruber, Mutinus caninus, Phallus hadriani, P. impudicus, Pisolithus arhizus, Scleroderma areolatum, S. bovista, S. cepa, S. citrinum, S. meridionale, S. polyrhizum, S. septentrionale, S. verrucosum и Sphaerobolus stellatus. Следните четири вида се нови за Р. Македонија: Phallus hadriani, Scleroderma bovista, S. cepa и S. polyrhizum. За видовите Scleroderma cf. meridionale и Scleroderma cf. septentrionale се потребни дополнителни истражувања. Видовите Clathrus ruber и Mutinus caninus се ставени во Прелиминарната црвена листа на габи во Република Македонија, како посебно ретки или ретки видови габи. Видот Pisolithus arhizus е предложен за заштита во Апендикс I од Бернската конвенција.

216 Зборник на трудови од III Конгрес на еколозите од Македонија