75. Dio 56.34.2: kai\ meta\ tau&tav ai# te tw=n propato&rwn au)tou= kai\ ai( tw=n a!llwn suggenw=n tw=n teqnhko&twn, plh\n th=v tou= Kai&sarov o#ti e)v tou\v h#rwav e)sege&grapto, ai# te tw=n a!llwn (Rwmai&wn to=n kai\ kaq' o(tiou=n prowteusa&ntwn, a)p' au)touu= tou= (Rwmu&lou a)rca&menai, e)fe&ronto.

76. Dio 56.34.1.

77. Suet, Aug. 100.2.

78. Cf. Deipnosophistai 197A-202B; E.E. Rice, The Grand Procession of Ptolemy Philadelphus, ( --, 1983); H. von Hesberg, "Temporäre Bilder oder die Grenzen der Kunst. Zur Legitimation frühhellenistischer Königsherrschaft im Fest," JdI 104 (1989) 61-82.

79. J.-C. Richard, "Recherches sur certains aspects du culte impérial: les funérailles des empereurs romains aux deux premiers siècles de notre ère," ANRW II.16.2 (1978) 1122-1125.I: "Idéologie funéraire et idéologie triomphale." On the possible contribution of Etruscan imagery, see P. Holliday, "Processional Imagery in Late Etruscan Funerary Art," AJA 94 (1990) 73-93.

80. Vell. Pat. 2.39.2 (supra n. 24).

81. Dio 56.34.2: mentions specifically the figures of ethne acquired by Pompey the Great: ta& te e!qnh pa&nq' o#sa prosekth&santo, e)pixwri&wv sfi&sin w(v e#kasta a)ph?kasme&na e)pe&mfqh; cf. Tac., Ann. 1.8.1.

82. R.R.R. Smith, "The Imperial Reliefs from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias," JRS 77 (1987) 88- 138.

83. On the Erechtheum caryatids, see B. Ridgway, Fifth Century Styles in Greek Sculpture (Princeton Univ. Press, 1981) 105-108; E. Schmidt, Geschichte der Karyatide. Funktion und Bedeutung der menschlichen Träger- und Stützfigur in der Baukunst. Beitrräge zur Archäologie 13 (Würzburg 1982); rev. A. Linfert, BonnJbb 185 (1985) 730-33. On the significance of the forum Augustum caryatids, see H. Drerup, "Architektur und Toreutik in der griechischen Frühzeit," RömMitt 5 (1952) 26- ; Capitolium 4 (1930) 157-89; G. Giglioli, "Le copie romane delle 'Caryatidi' del 'Eretteo nel 'Porticus' del For di Augusto," RömMitt 62 (1955) 155-59, pl.s 54-60. Cf. the Comments by D. Rupp (supra n. 14).

84. B. Wesenberg, "Augustusforum und Akropolis," JdI 99 (1984) 161-85. On Augustan repairs to the Erechtheum, see Wycherly (supra n. 51) 150 and n. 11.

85. Platner Ashby ---.

86. Dio 53.27.2-3: [Agrippa] to& te Pa&nqeion w)nomasme&non e)cete&lese: prosagoreu&etai de\ ou#tw ta&xa me\n o#ti pollw=n qew=n ei)ko&nav e)n toi=v a)ga&lmasi, tw=? te tou= !Arewv kai\ tw=? th=v )Afrodi&thv, e!laben, w(v de\ e)gw\ nomi&zw, o#ti qoloeide\v o@n tw=? ou)ranw=? prose&oiken. h)boulh&qh me\n ou}n o( )Agri&ppav kai\ to\n Au!gouston e)tau=qa i(dru=sai, th&n te tou= e!rgou e)pi&klhsin au)t=? dou=nai: mh\ decame&nou de\ au)tou= mhde&teron e)kei= me\n tou= prote&rou Kai&saros, e)n de\ tw=? prona&w? tou= te Au)gou&stou kai\ e(autou= a)ndria&ntav e!sthse.

87. NH 36.38: "Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis: in columnis templi eius caryatides probantur inter pauca operum, sicut in fastigio posita signa, sed propter altitudinem loci minus celebrata."

88. On the implications of the Pantheon for the deification of Agustus, see F. Coarelli, "Il Pantheon, l'apoteosi di Augusto e l'apoteosi di Romolo," AnalRomeInstDan Suppl. 10 (1983) 41- 46.

89. J. Borchhardt, Die Bauskulptur des Heroons von Limyra. Das Grabmal des lykischen Königs Perikles (Berlin 1976); cf. IstMitt 17 (1967) 151-67.

90. H. Lauter, Die Architektur des Hellenismus (Darmstadt 1986) 221, 251, fig. 73b: Rhodes, grave at Ayia Triadha.

91. Ergon (1987) (Athens 1988) 45-50, col. pls. 45, 48; pls. 46, 47, 49. The throne is 2.01 m tall, and is decorated with lions and griffins, sphinxes, and and has a back supported by caryatids and painted with Hades and Persephone in a chariot.

92. Cf. Pausanis 5.11.1-8 on the Zeus Olympios.

93. Schmid (supra n. 80) ...

94.

95.

96.

97.

98=old 116. L. Cozza, "Ricomposizione di alcuni rilievi di Villa Medici," Bolletino d'Arte 43 (1958) 107-111; G. Koeppel (infr n. 101): 98-101 #12.

99. Sources in Platner-Ashby 441: the hastae and ancilla of Mars were kept there. Supr n. ... On the connecgion between the two areas, see Aurea Templa 86 n. 51. Platner-Ashby 34-35: "Arcus Augusti"; Nash 92-101: "Archus Augusti." See recen discussion by E. Nedergaard, "Zur Problematik der Augustusbögen auf dem Forum Romanum, Kaiser 224-239.

100. J. Fears, "The Theology of Vicotry at : Approqaches and Problems," ANRW II.17.2 (1981) 736-826.

101. Koeppel, "Die historischen Reliefs der römischen Kaiserzeit, I. Stadrömische Denkmäler unbekannter Bauzugehörigkeit aus augusteischer under julisch-claudischer Zeit," BonnJbb 183 (1983). L. Cordischi, "Sul problema dell'Ara Pietatis Augustai e dei rilievi ad essa attributi," Archeologia Classica 37 (1985) 238-65, esp. 248-9, pls. 33.2, 34.1-2. Other teples, of course, had acroteria in the form of Victories. refers to a statue of on the roof of the temple of Concord in Rome which was struck by lightning: 26.23.4.

102. Supra n. 29.

103. Supra n. 34.

104. Suet. Aug. 29.1-3; Dio 55.1.

105. Weinstock 131-32. Augustus celebrated a triple triumph on three successive days for his victories in Dalmatia, Actium, and Alexandria: Suet., Aug. 22.

106. Dio (55.10) refers to statues of bronze, while mentions marble figures (Aug. 35.1). See discussion by Anderson, who suggests that both materials were used: HTIF 82.

107. J. van der VIn, "The Return of the Roman Ensigns from Parthis," BABesch 56 (1981) 117- 33. Captured barbarian leaders wer also forced to take oats of peace at the : Suet., Aug. 21.2.

108. Dio 55.10; see discussion in HTIF 94-95.

109. E.g., , who erected arches to Drusus and Germanicus (HTIF 97; Tac., Ann. 2.64.1; CIL VI.911=ILS 31199); W.D. Lebeck, "Die postumen Ehrenbögen under der Triumph des Drusus Caesar," ZPE 78 (1989) 83-91. A colossus of Augustus was erected in the northwest hall of the forum by Tiberius or Claudius (HTIF 74-75). The base of the colossus survives: F. Coarelli, Roma, 1980, 106; Martial, Epig. 8.44.6-7; Lugli (...) 263 fig. 72 (base), 264, 265 fig. 74 (base), 265-66. Lugli, however, argues a Tiberian dedication;' Giovenale disputes this. It has been suggested that the original colossus is copied in the Primaporta Augustus. See also the recent article by Menichetti (supra n. 40). C. Vermeule suggests that the hound accompanying "Tiberius" on the breastplate of the Primporta Augustus is an allusion to the dog which accompanied Alexander on his campaigns: rev. of N. Hannestad, Roman Art and Imperial Policy, Jutland Archaeological Society Publications 19 (Aarhus Univ. Press 1986), in BonnJbb 187 (1987) 747 ref. to p. 55.

110. Cf. R. Albert, Das Bild des Augustus auf den frühen Reichsprägungen (Speyer am Rhein 1981), who underscores the importance of as Victrix.

111. Platner-Ashby 568-569: Victoria, ara. The proposal was made that at the funeral of Augustus, the statue of Victory from the be carried in the funeral procession: Suet., Aug. 100.2.

112. Fears (supra n. 95) 808 n. 3888: CIL IX.5811.

113. Images 34 fig. 25a.

114. Kaiser Augustus 373-374 Cat. #6 (with bibliography).

115. Kaiser Augustus 394-396 Cat. #223 (with bibliography).

115b -- JGY does not know what this refers to. See discussion in Fisarek, The Imperial Cult in the Later West (1987) 111-18, pls. XI, XIIa, XIII-XVII.

116. Supra n. 64. See BMCRE I.153 #41-43, 156, pl. 28.6, 9; 29.14.

117. M. Lauria, "De ara Victoriae virginibus Vestalibus," StDocHistlur 50 (1984) 235-280.

119. C. Simpson, "The Birth of Claudius and the Date of the Dedication of the Altar Romae et Augusti at Lyon," Latomus 46 (1987) 586-92. old 118-102 are meant to be moved to n. 63, but JGY doesn't see how they fit there: 118. Suet., Caes. 84.1; Dio 54.35.4. A curtain was hung over the corpse, which has been discussed in Weinstock 351-53; cf. Taylor 80. Augustus also set up a bronze statue of with a star on his forehead in the temple of Venus Genetrix: Dio 45.7.1-2. 119. Dio 54.35.4: When Octavia, sister of Augustus, died in 11 B.C., her body lay in state in the temple of Divi Iulii. Later, Drusilla, deified sister of Caligula, was given a statue in the temple of Venus Genetrix equal in size to that of the goddess. 120. Dio 59.11.2. She was also given a gold statue in the . old 121 is meant to be moved to n. 65, but JGY doesn't see how it fits there: 121. S. Weinstock, "The Image and the Chair of Germanicus," JRS (1957) 144-54.

120. Cozza (supra n. 16) 109; Koeppel (supra n. 101) 101 #12, figure 18.

121. A horizontal band along the upper edge of fragment with the temple façade has been flattened with a point for insertion of the relief into the façade of the Villa Medici. Similar tool marks are visible where the lower half of the right corner column has been cut away, as well as at the bottom of the temple façade where a section of the steps has been removed. The left corner column of the temple façade, contained on a section of the relief inserted separately into the Villa Medici, has been removed entirely. These areas of reworking are visible on casts of the relief fragments; in the Villa Medici, some stucco additions to the reliefs remain.

122. G. Andres, The Villa Medici in Rome (Garland Publishing, Inc., New York and London, 1976) 232-33, 250-53.

123. G. Mancini, "Roma," NotSc 1925, 232-34.

124. H. Laubscher, "Arcus Novus und Arcus Claudii: Zwei Triumphbögen an der Via Lata in Rom," GxuottNachr 197.3 (1976) 5-44 (69-108); T. Buttrey, "The Daes of the Arches of 'Diocletian' and Constantine," Historia 32 (1983) 375-83.

125. Doubts were raised by M. Torelli, Typology and Structure of Roman Historical Reliefs (Univer. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1982) 77-78. His suggestion, that the temple on the relief instead representsw a temple to divus Augustus on the Palatine, has not received wide acceptance. See, e.g., the reviews by T. Hölscher, Gnomon 56 (1984) 740-44; J. Pollini, AJA 87 (1983) 572-73; R. Smikth, JAS 73 (1983) 225-228.

126. Two statues in front of the corner columns occur on coins illustrating the temple of Augusta, dedicated in the forum romanum in A.D. 10 by Tiberius. The sestertius issues commemorating the temple were not minted until 37/8: BMCE I.137 #116, 139 #132-134, pl. 24.14, 25.407. J. Kent, Roman Coins (New York 1978) 281 #163, pl. 46 #163; P. Hill, "The Temple of Concordia on sestertii of Tiberius," NCirc 86 (1978) 66. On the temple of Concordia and its dynastic associations, see TDAR 138-140; L. Richardson, "Concordia and COncordia Augusta: Rome and Pompeii," Parola del Passato 33 (1978) 260-72; C. Gasparri, Aeges Concordiae Augustae (Rome, 1979); B. Kellum, "Pro miraculo: Augustus' Dedication of Four Obsidian Elephants in he Temple of Concord," AJA 91 (1987) 280-81; T. Pekáry, "Tiberius und der Tempel der Concordia in Rom," RömMitt 1966-67, 105-33; M. Flory, "Sic exempla parantur: Livia's Shrine to Concordia and the Porticus Liviae," Historia 33 (1984) 309-30; N. Purcell, "Livia and the Womanhood of Rome," Proc. of the Cambridge Philosophial Society 212 (1986) 78-105; G. Hafner, "Aedes Concordiae et Opimia," ArchAnz 1984, 591-96; G. Becatti, "Opere d'arte greca nella Roma di Tiberio," ArchCl 25-26 (1973-74) 18-57; B. Levick, "Concordia at Rome," in Scripta nummaria Romana. Essays Presented to H Sutherland (London 1978) 17-33; Aurea Templa 28, 32, 34, 62, 67.

127. Dupondius, mint of Rome: BMCE II.384 I, pl. 74.6 (rev. only).

128. Koeppel (supra n. 122) 100 #12, figs. 10-16.

129. Examples in the visual arts include the Ara Pacis (infra n. 133) and the Sorrento base: G. Rizzo, "Baso di Augusto," BullCom 60 (1932) 7-109; La base di Augusto (Naples 1933). For illustrations, see M. Guarducci, "Enea e Vesta," RömMitt 78 (1971) 93-118, esp. 90-91, pls. 64, 66-69; Augustus.

130. See F. Coarelli (supra n. 81). Cf. Suet., Aug. 7.2, on the proposal to call Octavian "Romulus" before he accepted the title of Augustus.

131. T. Wiseman, "Cyele, Virgil and Augustus," in Poetry and Politics in the Age of Augustus (Cambridge Univ. Press 1984) 117-28.

132. F. Schippa, "Una dedica all Vittoria dalla casa di Augusto al Palatino," RendPontAcc 53-54 (1980/1-1981/2) 283-95; T. Wiseman, "The Temple of Victory on the Palatine," Antiquaries Journal 61 (1981) 35-52, repr. in Roman Studies. Literary and Historica. (Francis Cairns Publications 1987) 187-204.

133. The immense bibliography on the Ara Pacis Augustae has been summarized recently by G. Koeppel, "Official State Reliefs of the City of Rome in the Imnperial Age. A Bibliography," ANRW II.12.1 (1982) 483-86; "Die historischen Reliefs der römischen Kaiserzeit, V. Ara Pacis Augustae, Teil I," BonnJbb 187 (1987) 101-57; "Teil 2," BonnJbb 188 (1988) (forthcoming).

134. The case for an Ara Pietatis Augustae was argued by R. Bloch: "L'Ara Pietatis Augustae," MélRome 56 (1939) 81-120 (reprinted in M. Cagiano de Azevedo, Le antichitá di Villa Medici, Rome 1951, 3-31). G. Picard has suppported the attribution: "L'Ar romain sous le règene de Claude, l'art officiel, l'Ara Pietatis," REL 59 (1981) 318-23. G. Koeppel has raised objections to the existence of an altar of this name: "Die 'Ara Pietatis Augustae': Ein Geisterbau," RömMitt 89 (1982) 453-55.

135. M. Torelli (supra n. 128) 76, equates the Ara Pietatis with the Ara Gentis Iuliae. There is no evidence, however, that the Romans called altars of the imperial cult by more than one name.

136. Koeppel (supra n. 98) #13.

137. CIL VI.2035.

138. The suggestion that the reliefs celebrate Augustus as divus was raised as long ago as 1907 by Sieveking: "Die Valle-Medici Reliefs gehören ... zu einem Denikmal, das den Divus Augustus verherrlichte, wie die Ara Pacis den lebenden Kaiser," "Zur Ara Pacis Augustae," ÖJh 10 (1907) 190.