Agarwood ( malaccensis)

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

Aquilaria malaccensis – CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015

 CITES Trade Database analysis has been conducted between 1996 and 2015, A. malaccensis was first listed on CITES Appendix II in 1994 there are two years’ that has not been included in analysis. Trade does also occur at the genus-level and has not been included in analysis.  Re-export figures have been removed from analysis in the instance to prevent duplication  Both importer-reported figures and exporter-reported figures have been included within the assessments, however working under the assumption that importers report the number of permits used whereas exporters can report on the number of permits issued and therefore create discrepancies between reported figures.  Most trade for each species occurs in kilograms, for species in which there is considerable trade in live specimens this has also been included. The assessments include the top three commodities exported in kilograms, the top three exporters and the top three importers.

Importer-reported figures

Figure 1. Importer-reported figures for Aquilaria malaccensis (from the CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015).

 The top four commodities exported in kilograms were chips, powder, medicine and timber.  The top three exporters in chips in kilograms: (1,926,701 kg), (1,090,342 kg) and (271,489 kg). exported chips in grams which converts to 14,501 kg, all from artificially propagated sources. o Malaysia and Indonesia dominated the trade in A. malaccensis chips of which the majority were sourced from the wild: Malaysia (1,926,070 kg) and Indonesia (1,058,697 kg). Similarly, all exports of chips in kilograms from Singapore were sourced from the wild. o The top three importers of chips were Singapore (2,324,467 kg), United Arab Emirates (483,367 kg) and Saudi Arabia (483,367 kg)  The top three exporters of powder in kilograms: Malaysia (280,600 kg) all sourced from the wild, Indonesia (150,029 kg) of which 143,629 kg was wild-sourced and Singapore (21,458 kg) of 19,601 kg was sourced from the wild. o The top three importers of powder in kilograms: Viet Nam (214,500 kg), Singapore (138,311 kg) and Saudi Arabia (76,629 kg)  The top three exporters of timber in kilograms: Indonesia (76,181 kg), Malaysia (36,796 kg) and Viet Nam (5,539 kg). o Indonesia: 75,681kg of timber was wild-sourced and the remaining 500kg was from artificially propagated sources. o The top three importers of timber in kilograms: Singapore (68,579 kg), Macau (15,440 kg) and China (14,645 kg).

Live Specimens

Figure 2. Live trade in Aquilaria malaccensis (from the CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015).

Importer-reported figures – Live Trade  A total of 3,146 live specimens of A. malaccensis were imported between 1996 and 2015; 2,996 specimens were sourced from the wild and the remainder were from artificially propagated sources.  Malaysia was the largest exporter during this period, exporting a total 3,090 specimens, 2,990 of which were wild sourced.  The largest importer of A. malaccensis was Brunei Darussalam, importing a total of 2,990 wild specimens.

Exporter-reported figures – Live Trade  There is a dramatic difference between live trade reported from importers and exporters for A. malaccensis which could be due to the assumption that importers will report on the number of permits used and exporters can report on the number of permits issued, not all of which will be utilized.  A total of 84,105 live specimens of A. malaccensis were exported between 1996 and 2015, 84,095 of which were from artificially propagated sources.  The largest exporter during this period was , exporting a total of 81,740 live specimens, all from artificially propagated sources. The remainder of live specimens were exported from Malaysia and 10 specimens were exported from Brunei Darussalam.  The largest importer was Malaysia, importing a total 81,750 live specimens, followed by Brunei Darussalam importing 1,400 specimens, almost all were from artificially propagated sources.

Exporter-reported figures

Figure 3. Exporter-reported figures for Aquilaria malaccensis (from the CITES Trade Database Analysis 1996 – 2015).

 The top three commodities exported using exporter-reported figures were: chips, powder and timber pieces.  A total of 4,423,944 kg of chips were exported between 1996 and 2015 of which 3,651,176 kg were wild sourced. o The largest exporters of chips in kilograms was Indonesia (2,329,951 kg), almost all of which were sourced from the wild, followed by Malaysia (1,262,757 kg) all sourced from the wild and Bangladesh (731,471 kg) most of which was sourced from artificially propagated . o Singapore was the largest importer of chips in kilograms (2,621,054 kg) followed by the United Arab Emirates (690,070 kg) and Saudi Arabia (576,705 kg).  A total of 489,663 kg of powder was exported between 1996 and 2015 of which 386,318 kg was sourced from the wild. o The largest exporter of powder was Indonesia (297,118 kg) followed by Bangladesh (98,314 kg) and Malaysia (75,000 kg). o The largest importers of powder were Singapore (125,270 kg), Saudi Arabia (112,200 kg) and Taiwan (102,758 kg).  A total of 184,278 kg of timber pieces were exported between 1996 and 2015, of which 166,685kg were sourced from the wild. Only three countries exported A. malaccensis timber pieces. o Indonesia was the largest exporter (154,755 kg) followed by Viet Nam (16,455 kg) and Malaysia (13,068 kg). o The largest importers of timber pieces were Taiwan (70,774 kg) followed by Singapore (58,089 kg) and Macau (23,935 kg).