EIA for BMDE Development well in Baramura Field, Tripura

Final EIA Report

Prepared for:

ONGC

Prepared by:

SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd.

August, 2015

EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Final EIA Report

EIA for BMDE, Development Well in Baramura Field, Tripura M/s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

For on and behalf of SENES Consultants India Ltd Approved by Mr. Mangesh Dakhore

Signed by NABET-QCI Accredited EIA Coordinator for Offshore & Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration Position held Development and Production Date August 2015

The EIA report have been undertaken in compliance with the approved TOR issued by MoEF vide letter no. F. No. J-11011/313/2012- IA II (I) dated 22nd March, 2013.Information and content provided in the report is factually correct for the purpose and objective for such study undertaken.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 i ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Declaration by Experts contributing to the “EIA for BMDE Development well in Baramura Field, Tripura.” I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator EIA Coordinator Name: Salil Das Name: Mangesh Dakhore Signature and Date: April’14-March’15 Signature and Date: March’15 – June’15

Contact Information: SENES Consultants India Pvt Ltd. IIIrd Floor, Tower B, Logix Technopark, Plot No. 5, Sector 127, Noida, UP

Functional Area Experts:

Involvement (period Sl No Functional Areas Name of expert/s Signature & Date & tasks) 1. Air Pollution (AP), Air Debanjan quality monitoring and Bandyopdhyay modelling (AQ), Noise April’14 - March, 2015 quality (NV) and Land use expert (LU)

2. Risk Assessment Expert Mangesh Dakhore April’14 - March, 2015

3. Socioeconomic Expert Ranjit Mukherjee April’14 - March, 2015

4. Air quality monitoring and Indrani Ghosh modelling (AQ), Noise April’14 - March, 2015 quality (NV),Ecology and Biodiversity (EB) Expert

5. Landuse Expert Dibyendu April’14 - March, 2015 Chakraborty

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 ii ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization

I, MAINAK HAZRA, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the “EIA for BMDE Development well in Baramura Field, Tripura”. I confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Name: MAINAK HAZRA Designation: DIRECTOR

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: SENES CONSULTANTS INDIA PVT LTD. NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/RA016/040 on 11th August, 2014

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 iii ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Abbreviations

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BOP Blow out Preventor Cd Cadmium CGWB Central Ground Water Board COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board Cr Chromium CSR Corporate Social Responsibility Cu Copper DFO Divisional Forest Officer DG Diesel Generator DO Dissolved Oxygen EC Environmental Clearance EGIG European Gas Incident Group EGIG European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMC Environment Management Cell EMP Environment Management Plan EPIs Environmental Performance Indicators EQIs Environmental Quality Indicators ERT Emergency Response Team ETP Effluent Treatment Plant GCS Gas Compressor Station GCS Group Gathering Station GLC Ground Level Concentrations HC Hydrocarbon HFL High Flood Level HDPE High Density Polyethylene HSD High Speed Diesel HSE Health, Safety and Environmental ITOPF International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources KLD Kilo Liter per Day

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 iv ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

KW Kilo Watt LEL Lower Explosive Limits LFL Lower Flammability Limit LOC Level of Concern LOC Level of Concern MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheets NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories NELP New Exploration Licensing Policy NH National Highway NIHL Noise Induced Hearing Loss NOx Oxides of Nitrogen NRSA National Remote Sensing Agency O&G Oil & Gas OCS Oil Collection Station OGP Oil and Gas Producers ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited OREDA Offshore Reliability Data OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Pb Lead PM Particulate Matter PMP Petroleum & Mineral Pipelines PPAP Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan PPE Personnel Protective Equipments QCI Quality Council of India QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment RADD Risk Assessment Data Directory RF Reserved Forest RFCC Residual Fluid Catalytic Cracking SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SOPs Safe Operating Procedures SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPL Sound Pressure Level

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 v ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

SWMP Storm Water Management Plan TDS Total Dissolved Solid TSS Total Suspended Solids UEL Upper Explosive Limits UKOPA UK Onshore Pipeline Operators Association VOC Volatile Organic Compound WBM Water Based Mud WLS Wild Life Sanctuary WMP Waste Management Plan WOAD Worldwide Offshore Accident Databank

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 vi ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Executive Summary

INTRODUCTION ONGC is to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for a single development well in Baramura Field in Tripura. The development and testing of hydrocarbons, constructing GCS and laying pipeline for hydrocarbon transportation proposed in Tripura is included under activities specified in Schedule (Activity 1b) of the new EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006. It requires Environmental Clearance (EC) is a pre-requisite from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). SENES Consultants India Pvt Ltd – a NABET-QCI accredited firm has been entrusted with the task of preparing the EIA report for the proposed activities due to development drilling of wells BMDE in Boramura field in Tripura by ONGC. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Field Locations and Accessibility Baramura Field is concentrated in the Northern part of Tripura. National Highway-44 (NH- 44) is the lifeline of Tripura that begins from Sabroom in South and runs Northward through major towns and muffassils like Manu Bazaar, Santir Bazaar, Udaipur, Bisramganj, Bishalgarh, Hafania. It takes a turn from Agartala in the West towards Shillong in the East through Jirania and Teliamura. Different roads branching from this highway is used for accessing the different fields. The only airport in the State is at Singerbhil 12 km North-West of Agartala City that caters to the domestic sector.

EXISTING ACTIVITY IN THE BLOCK Baramura, is a producing field of ONGC. LAND LEASE Development Well Drilling A total of 1.7ha of land is required for drilling each development well. The process of land acquisition differs with ownership. The proposed drilling point lies in the Baramura Debatamura Reserve Forest. Forest Land & Forest Clearance Land belonging to the Forest department is acquired for diversion through necessary permission i.e forest clearance. If land forms a part of the patta land granted to tribals as per The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the adequate permission is obtained as per the Forest Rights Act, 2006. However, as per Amendment issued in Oct, 2014, no forest rights are likely to be recognized in case of plantations notified as forests less than 75years prior to Dec 2005 and located in villages

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 vii ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura having no recorded population of Scheduled Tribes as per 2001, 2011 Census, even if the process stipulated in the FRA 2006 Act is initiated and completed. Approach Road Construction The land required for building approach road to the wells is bought from the private owners or leased from the Government authorities. The roads are handed over to the community once the drilling phase is completed. Human Settlement and R&R Issue R&R issues are not applicable to this project as habitations are not falling in the proposed site, which lies in forested area. PROJECT ACTIVITIES The proposed activity for a typical development well drilling involves  Well site preparation, construction of access roads,  Well drilling and testing.  Site closure and decommissioning of wells not indicative of potential hydrocarbon reserves. The above activities will be completed within a time schedule of 6 months. The water consumption, generation of drill cuttings and drilling fluid is determined by depth and type of well. It is estimated that the wells will be drilled till a minimum depth of 2400- 2500m for which 900-1000m3 water will be consumed; 250-300m 3 of drill cutting and 1000- 1250 m3 of drilling fluid will be generated. It has been decided that uniform water-based mud system will be used during drilling of the wells. Eco-friendly synthetic based mud will be used only where water-based mud will not be suitable. Cuttings will then be stored in the HDPE lined pits and after completion of the drilling activities, cuttings will be tested for the content of hazardous nature. Based on nature of the drill cuttings, final disposal pathway will be finalized by ONGC. Drill cuttings and drill mud will be treated as per G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 to render them harmless. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES The study area shows that the ambient air quality resembles rural settings where the parameters monitored (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SOx) doesnot deviate from National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The mean values of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons ranged between 6-14 ppm and 2-5 ppm, respectively. The ambient noise measured does not exceed the stipulated daytime and night time Standard for Residential Areas. North Baramura range lies in West Tripura, Khowai and Sipahijala District and is almost 47 km (avg. ht. 200m to 500m) in length. This field is mainly comprises of low relief structural hills with moderate slopes that are highly dissected and ridges with moderate slope and thus falls under high physiographic zone. The entire field is covered by dense to moderate forest

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 viii ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura with some very small settlements in between. Entire field including the proposed well location comes on Baramura-Deotamura Ridge having elevation of 255.55msl to 357.77msl. Groundwater occurs in shallow aquifers under unconfined, semi-confined and confined conditions. Primary survey shows that Tribal people living in the hilly areas are using spring water for drinking and domestic purposes. In the foothill areas, people arrest the spring water by constructing seasonal / permanent bund and use that water for irrigation purpose and sometimes for drinking and domestic purposes also. Groundwater is primarily tapped by tube wells from depths ranging mostly between 35-70 m. The primary monitoring of ground water at twelve locations reveals the presence of iron. The ease of abstraction of groundwater increases as one travels from the hills to the flatlands. The rainfed ephemeral channels arising from the higher elevation drains. Major rivers Howrah and Khowai are located on left and right of the hill range. Water sampled collected from Khowai and Howrah rivers conform to the B, C, D and E class of CPCB Water Use Criteria. A total of 158.77 sq.km (98.50%) land lies in Boramura-Deabatamura Reserve Forest. Land under settlement is 1.43sq.km (0.89%). This hill ranges forms a source for several first order stream that are mostly seasonal. A road network connecting with NH-44 forms the major lifeline through this Field covering an area of 0.46 sq.km (0.28%). Waterbodies are scarce and distributed in 0.194 sq km area (0.12%) of land across the Field. A railway track runs through 0.11sq km in the Field. The land is dotted with brick fields comprising an area of 0.021sq km (0.01%). The presence of agriculture area is low, covering only 0.012 sq. km (0.01%). The soil samples collected from different landuses like agricultural land, forest land, rubber plantation area and horticultural land. The result reveals their very strongly acidic nature (pH ranges from 4.45 to 6.43) with low phosphorus content. The recorded forest area of the state is 6294 sq km, which constitutes 60.02% of its geographical area. The Reserved Forest (RF) constitute 66.33%, Protected Forest (PF) 0.03% and Unclassed Forest constitute 33.64%. The natural forest is mainly located in the Boramura and Gojalia field. The natural vegetation in the study area resembles the Cachar Tropical Evergreen Forests (I/I/IB/C3), Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests (I/I/3/3C/C3), Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests, Dry Bamboo Brakes (I/I/3C/2SI) and Secondary Moist Bamboo Brakes (I/I/2/2B/2SI). Livestock like cattle, buffalo, goat sheep, duck, and pig are reared for dairy products, meat, egg and for agriculture purpose. Majority of cattle and buffalo are of the local variety. Backyard poultry farms are mostly common in this area; however, some commercial poultry farms are also recorded in the district. Tripura is the 2nd smallest state in terms of area, but the 2nd most populous state in the North Eastern Region. Although the state is small with a population of only over three million, the social composition of the population of Tripura is diverse. In particular, around

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 ix ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura one-third of the population comprises people belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. The baseline study primarily focused on only one village i.e. Khamtingbari which is an Autonomous District council village located within the 1km radious of the BMDE well, falling within the Boramura Gas field. This ADC village has five wards i.e. Ganthalang Para, Authuthangpara, Belphun, Sinaikani and Khamtingbari. Mr. Anil Deb Barma is the Chairman of this ADC. Khamtingbari has the population of 1653 and total household number is 378. The household size of this village is 4.37. 100 % ST population was reported by the ADC member in this village. According ADC office, the literacy rate in Khamtingbari is 75% which is lower than the state literacy rate of Tripura (87.2%). Male and female literacy of this village is 78% and 70% respectively. The total working population in this village is 31%. Among them 92% are agricultural labor and 8% are belongs to other worker category. A major population in Khamtingbari village is either involved in agricultural crop cultivation or involved in horticulture in individual level or community level as a source of their livelihood. Study area mainly comprises of mono cropped land. People of this region also earn their livelihood by producing Pineapple, Jackfruit, Banana, orange etc in individual level or community other than paddy supported by the MNREGA scheme. Accelerated Rural Water Supply (ARWS scheme) is the major source of supply drinking water. Khamtingbari village have health sub center at ADC level without the presence of doctor. Villagers have to visit nearest town i.e. Jaliamura Hospital and Teliamura Hospital to avail the medical facility. Among the study area three junior basic schools i.e. Ganthalan J.B. School, Hochimin J.B. School, Khamting J.B. School and one senior basic school i.e. Amarjoti H.B. school present. ICDS is present in the village. For higher education student have to go to the nearest town. NH-44 is the major road connecting the study area with Agartala, which is being used by the local people as a route of transportation. Pucca paved road is present in almost every village. The public transport system is yet to reach its highest efficacy since there is no public transport system in most of the sampled villages. Villagers depend on the private auto or jeep. The summary findings of the consultations carried out have been discussed below:  Drinking water is the major problem as per the community. Majority of local people meets their water requirement through ARWS Scheme but water supply is very irregular and supply water for only two hour in the day. Besides, tube well, ring well, mini deep tube well and tanker supply of drinking water help the people to meet their requirement. People wanted to get some help from ONGC in terms of drinking water.  Local people Khamtingbari where ONGC is operating for several years, expressed their concern about the safety of producing wells, which was not safely barricaded for

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 x ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

the sake of local people and children. Local people also reported a blowout incident from a gas producing well last year but no damaged had occured due to this incident as it was located far away from the village.  Villagers of previously operating villages of ONGC also reported that village roads are becaming unusable due to heavy vehicle of ONGC. ONGC do not take any action to repair the road after several request.  ONGC also take some initiative for the villagers to give them training and equipment support for their alternative livelihood. Under this program some of villagers of operating village get support in terms of training and equipment (Swing machine). Villagers wise to participate in such activate more and more and request ONGC to organize such activity frequently.  Villagers also said that ONGC also support the local poor student by providing them study material, which is helping them a lot. IMPACT PREDICTION The potential impacts arising due to the Project activities were assessed in terms of their severity, extent and duration. The significance of all the impacts outlined; in normal condition; can be reduced to low scale by adopting best practices, while adhering to the guidelines as issued by CPCB, OISD and other regulations. Yet, the major concerns arising out of drilling in Tripura are:  Abstraction of groundwater for the project as the majority of the wells are proposed in hilly areas where availability of drinking water is a problem  Slope failure due to approach road and site construction  Overflowing of pits in hilly areas as the drainage channels arise from the hilly regions  Dust and noise emission on approach roads especially for settlements that lie close to the proposed wells There are few benefits anticipated due to the proposed project:  Improved access to few localities  Job and business opportunities for the local people ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Site-specific Environment Management Plans (EMP) has been developed to prevent and mitigate significant adverse impacts. The mitigation measures will be implemented by ONGC for the proposed project. The summary of the EMP is given below: 1. Use of appropriate engineering controls and rehabilitation of sensitive receptors to minimize impacts of air and noise emissions

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xi ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2. Manage drill cuttings, wastewater, hazardous waste and other wastes in accordance with G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 3. Investment in flood prevention/ control infrastructure measures to reduce effect on project and on surrounding agricultural areas 4. Optimal usage of natural resources, raw material. Especially, groundwater should be abstracted from aquifers deeper than the one in existing use to prevent over extraction of groundwater 5. Suggested Control measures to manage transportation impacts on people PUBLIC CONSULTATION Public hearing was conducted on 13th February, 2015 at Khamtingbari Panchayet Office, near Baramura Thermal Power Plant, Khowai District. This meeting was held as ONGC proposes to drill 1 development well in this district. The major concern reflected from the local people was scarcity of water and power supply in this region. The people were notified of the meeting through a notice in five leading newspaper including one in English (The Telegraph) and in four daily regional newspaper (Dainik Sambad, Daily Desher Kotha, Syandan and Ajkal) on 19th January, 2015. This meeting was held as ONGC proposes to drill 1 development well in this district. The major concern reflected from the local people was scarcity of water and power supply in this region. All concerns raised during the public hearing have been responded at the time of public hearing to the best of satisfaction of the locals. Public hearing concerns are assessed and addressed in relevant sections of the Final EIA report and also summarized in Section 6.3 of Chapter 6.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xii ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Table of Contents Executive Summary ...... vii 1 Introduction ...... 7 1.1 Background ...... 7 1.2 Objective of the study ...... 7 1.3 Scope of the study ...... 8 1.4 Structure of the EIA report ...... 8 2 Project Description...... 14 2.1 Overview of the Project ...... 14 2.2 Objectives and benefits of proposed Drilling Activity ...... 14 2.3 Developoment Plan ...... 14 2.4 Site Location and Description ...... 15 2.4.1 Location and Accessibility ...... 15 2.5 Salient Features ...... 16 2.6 Field setting ...... 20 2.6.1 Boramura Field ...... 20 2.7 Well locations and Environmental Settings ...... 22 2.7.1 Location of Wells ...... 22 2.7.2 Environmental Settings of the Wells ...... 24 2.8 Development Well Drilling ...... 24 2.8.1 Project Schedule ...... 25 2.8.2 Site preparation and Access Road Construction ...... 25 2.8.3 Drilling of and testing of well ...... 28 2.8.4 Well Decommissioning ...... 33 2.9 Utilities and Resource Requirements ...... 34 2.9.1 Power requirement and generation ...... 34 2.9.2 Fuel Consumption, Supply and Storage ...... 34 2.9.3 Water Requirements ...... 34 2.10 Pollution Sources and Characterization ...... 37 2.10.1 Noise and Vibrations ...... 37 2.10.2 Air Emissions ...... 38 2.10.3 Liquid wastes ...... 38 2.10.4 Effluent Generation, Treatment and Disposal ...... 39 2.10.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Streams ...... 39

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 1 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.11 Drilling Hazards ...... 40 2.12 HSE Policy ...... 40 2.13 Project Cost ...... 40 2.13.1 Development Well Drilling ...... 40 3 Description of the Environment ...... 41 3.1 Physical Environment ...... 41 3.1.1 Climate & Meteorology ...... 41 3.1.2 Ambient Air Quality ...... 44 3.1.3 Ambient Noise Quality ...... 50 3.1.4 Topography ...... 52 3.1.5 Geology and Hydrogeology ...... 55 3.1.6 Ground Water Resources ...... 56 3.1.7 Ground Water Quality ...... 57 3.1.8 Drainage ...... 64 3.1.9 Surface water quality ...... 65 3.1.10 Land-Use and Land Cover ...... 69 3.1.11 Soil Quality ...... 72 3.1.12 Soil Quality of Pineapple Plantation Area ...... 74 3.1.13 Natural Hazards ...... 75 3.2 Biological Environment ...... 78 3.2.1 Introduction ...... 78 3.2.2 Methodology ...... 78 3.2.3 Terrestrial Ecosystem ...... 79 3.2.4 Aquatic Ecosystem ...... 85 3.2.5 Agricultural Diversity ...... 86 3.2.6 Livestock ...... 87 3.3 Socioeconomic Environment ...... 87 3.4 Methodology ...... 88 3.5 General Socioeconomic Profile ...... 88 3.5.1 Demographic Profile ...... 90 3.6 Basic Amenities and Infrastructure ...... 91 3.7 Cultural and historical sites ...... 94 4 Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 95

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 2 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

4.1 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 95 4.1.1 Impact Criteria and Ranking ...... 95 4.1.2 Impact Significance ...... 96 4.2 Impact Assessment ...... 100 4.2.1 Visual Impacts & Aesthetics ...... 100 4.2.2 Impacts on Air Quality ...... 101 4.2.3 Impact on Noise Quality ...... 108 4.2.4 Potential Impact Transport and Traffic ...... 111 4.2.5 Potential Impact on Land Use ...... 112 4.2.6 Impact on Soil Quality ...... 113 4.2.7 Impact on Topography & Drainage ...... 115 4.2.8 Impact on Surface Water Quality ...... 117 4.2.9 Impact on Hydrogeology & Ground Water Quality ...... 118 4.2.10 Impact on Biological Environment ...... 119 4.2.11 Impact on Socioeconomic Environment ...... 121 4.2.12 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety ...... 123 5 Environment Management Plans ...... 127 5.1.1 Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan (PPAP) ...... 127 5.1.2 Waste Management Plan ...... 132 5.1.3 Storm Water Management Plan ...... 137 5.1.4 Site Closure Plan ...... 137 5.1.5 Wildlife Management Plan ...... 139 5.1.6 Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan ...... 140 5.1.7 Occupational Health & Safety Management Plan ...... 142 5.2 EMP Budget ...... 143 5.3 Public Hearing ...... 154 5.4 Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 158 5.5 SOCIAL ACTION PLAN: ...... 166 6 Disclosure of Consultants ...... 167

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 3 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

List of Tables

Table 1-1 : Compliance to MoEF ToR ...... 9 Table 2-1: Boramura Field Boundary ...... 15 Table 2-2: Salient Features of a Typical Development Well ...... 16 Table 2-3: Geo co-ordinate of the wells ...... 22 Table 2-4: A Typical Project Schedule for One Well ...... 25 Table 2-5: Power Requirement of Exploration/Development of wells ...... 34 Table 2-6: Water Requirement Per Well ...... 35 Table 2-7: Construction Equipment Noise Levels ...... 38 Table 2-8: Liquid Wastes Generated during Drilling and their Disposal ...... 39 Table 2-9: Waste Streams Generated during Drilling and Their Disposal ...... 39 Table 3-1: Rationale for choosing Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station ...... 45 Table 3-2: Source of noise in ONGC fields ...... 50 Table 3-3: Ground water Resource of Tripura, 2008 and 2009 ...... 56 Table 3-4: Ground water resource of West Tripura ...... 57 Table 3-5: Ground water monitoring location selection criteria ...... 58 Table 3-6: Groundwater Monitoring Results ...... 61 Table 3-7: Major Drainage present in Six ONGC Gas field ...... 64 Table 3-8: Surface water monitoring location selection criteria ...... 67 Table 3-9: Surface Water Quality Results ...... 69 Table 3-10: Soil sampling location selection criteria ...... 73 Table 3-11: Soil Analysis Result ...... 74 Table 3-12: Significant earthquakes of Tripura ...... 76 Table 3-13: Flood history of Tripura ...... 77 Table 3-14: Scheduled Animal Species in the Study Area ...... 85 Table 4-1: Impact Prediction Criteria ...... 96 Table 4-2: Criteria based Significance of Impacts ...... 97 Table 4-3: Impact Identification Matrix ...... 99 Table 4-4: Input Parameters Considered for Monitoring ...... 103 Table 4-5: Predicted GLCs for Air Pollutants ...... 104 Table 4-6: Impact Significance Matrix (with mitigation) ...... 125 Table 5-1: Environmental Management Matrix ...... 128 Table 5-2: Waste Management Plan ...... 133 Table 5-3: Tentative Budget for EMP Implementation ...... 143

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 4 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Table 5-4: ONGC Tripura Asset- CSR Budget for Financial Year 2014-15 ...... 146 Table 5-5: ONGC Tripura Asset- CSR Budget for Financial Year 2013-14 ...... 147 Table 5-6: Responses addressed to the Public Concerns/Comments that arose during Public Hearing in Khowai District ...... 154 Table 5-7: Environmental Management Matrix ...... 155 Table 5-8: Proposed Monitoring Requirements of the Project ...... 159 Table 5-9 Social Action plan ...... 166

List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Regional Setting Map of Fields in Tripura ...... 17 Figure 2-2: Field Location Map on Satellite Imagery ...... 18 Figure 2-3: Field Accessibility Map ...... 19 Figure 2-4: Field Setting Map of Boramura Field ...... 21 Figure 2-5: Well and GCS Location Map ...... 23 Figure 2-6: Environmental Setting Map of BMDE ...... 24 Figure 2-7: Typical Drilling Rig Configuration...... 29 Figure 2-8: Drilling Waste Management ...... 31 Figure 2-9: Typical Drilling Fluid Circulation System ...... 32 Figure 2-10 Water Balance Diagram ...... 36 Figure 3-1 Wind rose diagram for a pre-monsoon season ...... 43 Figure 3-2: Location of Air, Noise, Meteorology and Traffic Monitoring Locations within the ONGC – Boramura Gas field ...... 47

Figure 3-3: Average PM 10 Values at the Monitoring Locations ...... 48

Figure 3-4: Average NO2 Values at the Monitoring Locations ...... 49 Figure 3-5: Average SO2 Values at the Monitoring Locations ...... 49 Figure 3-6: Day and Night Time Equivalent Noise Levels ...... 52 Figure 3-7: Topography of Barmura Field...... 54 Figure 3-8: location of Groundwater, Surface Water and Soil Monitoring Locations within Baramura Gas Field In Tripura ...... 63 Figure 3-9: Drainage Map Of Baramura GAS Fields In TRIPURA ...... 66 Figure 3-10: Percentage Land Use-Land Cover Distribution of Baramura Field ...... 71 Figure 3-11: Percentage of Landcover Distribution of Boramura Field ...... 72 Figure 3-12: Ecological Sensitivity Map ...... 83

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 5 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Figure 4-1: Predicted NOx concentration plot (2 X 750 KW DG Set) ...... 106

Figure 4-2: Predicted PM10 concentration plot (2 X 750 KW DG Set) ...... 107 Figure 4-3: Predicted HC concentration plot ( 2 X 750 KW DG Set) ...... 108 Figure 4-4: Noise Attenuation Plot ...... 111 Figure 5-1: Environment Management Measures at Drill Site ...... 136

List of Photos

Photo 2-1: Natural vegetation at Boramura ...... 22 Photo 2-2: Production wells at Khamtingbari ...... 22 Photo 2-3: Way towards BMDE well ...... 22 Photo 2-4: Horticultural activity through MNREGA ...... 22 Photo 3-1 : Community consultation in selected villages in Boramura Gas field ...... 94

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 6 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

1 Introduction

1.1 BACKGROUND Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) is the leader in Exploration and Production (E&P) activities in India contributing 72% of India’s total production of crude oil and 48% of natural gas. ONGC has established more than 7 billion tonnes of in place hydrocarbon reserves in the country. In fact, six out of seven producing basins in India have been discovered by ONGC. The Tripura-Cachar region forms a part of folded foredeep sedimentary prism of the Assm- Arakan orogenic belt. This province lies between the Indian plate in the West and Burmese Plate in the East. In the NorthWest, it lies against Shillong Plateau and in the Northeast it protrudes towards Himalayan arc. Southwards, the basin extends upto Tripura. The area is composed of structures, viz. Batchia, Langtarai, Haragaj, Machhlitum, Khubal, Sakhan that are gas bearing. The explorations of these structures have been explored in 1972 and commercial production has begun since 1975. Presently, ONGC is to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for a single development wells in Baramura Field in Tripura. The development and testing of hydrocarbons is proposed in Tripura is included under activities specified in Schedule (Activity 1b) of the new EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006. Thefore, obtaining Environmental Clearance (EC) is mandatory from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) before initiating the project activities. ONGC has submitted Form-1 of the EIA Notification, along with a draft Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA study to MoEF. MoEF has issued an approved ToR vide letter No. F. No. J- 11011/313/2012-IA II (I) dated 22nd March, 2013. The approved ToR is attached as Annexure 1.1 and is in compliance with ToR presented in Table 1.1.

SENES Consultants India Pvt Ltd – a NABET-QCI accredited firm has been entrusted with the task of preparing the EIA report for the proposed activities in Baramura Gas Field of Tripura by ONGC. Additionally, as a part of ONGC’s Corporate HSE Policy, an EIA study will play an important role in formulating appropriate environmental management response for the proposed development activities in the project. In this perspective SENES strove to fulfill the Project objectives delineated in the section below.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objectives of the EIA study are as follows:  To establish the prevailing environmental and socio-economic condition of the Baramura fields of Tripura;  To assess environmental and socioeconomic impacts arising out of the proposed development activities;

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 7 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

 To recommend appropriate preventive and mitigation measures to eliminate or minimize pollution, environmental and social impacts during the life-cycle of the project, ensuring compliance with environmental laws and regulations as applicable;  To identify and propose alternative corrective measures in terms of good practices that may help in minimizing environmental or socio-economic impacts due to the project;

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The basic scope for this study involves conducting an EIA study to understand the environmental and social impacts arising due to the activities of the Project and recommend suitable preventive/mitigative measures through the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The scope for the study finalized in ToR has been summarized below:  Undertake reconnainasence survey for collection of primary and secondary information on environmental and social setting;  Conduct public consultation;  Assess environmental and social impacts; and  Formulate environmental monitoring and management plan and supervision of the onsite monitoring program as per plan;

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT The EIA report documents results and findings of the EIA study conducted by SENES. The subsequent sections of the report present description of project activities, environmental and social baseline scenario, impact and risk assessment that might arise during the lifecycle of the Project. Environmental Management Plan along with mitigation measures has been put forth to combat the adverse impacts on the environment. The content of the report is structured as follows: Executive Summary Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Description of the Project Chapter 3: Description of the Environment Chapter 4: Impact Assessment Chapter 5: Quantitative Risk Assessment Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan Chapter 7: EIA Preparers List of annexure forms a part of the draft EIA report which, has been incorporated at the end of the report as an easy cross-reference.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 8 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 1-1 : COMPLIANCE TO MOEF TOR Sl. ToR Points Issued Addressed at EIA No. 1. Executive summary of a project Has been provided in the beginning of the report Pg. (vii – xii) 2. Project description, project objectives and project Project description, objectives and benefits is benefits. given in Sec 2.2 (Pg. 14) 3. Site details within 1 km of the each proposed Site details within 1 km of each proposed well well, any habitation, any other is given in Section 2.6.1 and 2.6.2 on Pg. 21-23 installation/activity, flora and fauna, approachability to site, other activities including agriculture/land, satellite imagery for 10 km area. 4. Details of forest land involved in the proposed Application for diversion of 1.839 ha has been project. A copy of forest clearance letter, if made to the Conservator of Forest & Nodal applicable. Officer, FCA, Govt of Tripura, Agartala on 19th April, 2012- (Annexure 2.1) 5. Permission from the State Forest Department The proposed drill site lies in Reserve regarding the impact of the proposed plant on the Forest. ONGC has made an application for surrounding National Park/Wild life Forest land diversion. The site does not fall Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if in any Protected Area or it’s Eco-sensitive any. Approval obtained from the State/Central Zone Government under Forest (Conservation Act, 1980) for the forestland shall be submitted. 6. Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted There are no Critically polluted area within area as per Notification dated 13th January, 2010, 10km of Block boundary if applicable. 7. Does proposal involves rehabilitation and The proposal does not require any resettlement? If yes, details thereof. rehabilitation and resettlement. Detail given in Sec 2.7.2 on Pg. 26 8. Environmental Clearance for the existing ONGC is in process of seeking certified wells/unit, if any, issued by the Ministry, compliance reports from the RO of MoEF, and Consent to Operate and Authorization accorded the status will be updated to the EAC before / by the TPCB alongwith point wise compliance during the appraisal meeting report. Latesst photographs of existing area to be provided. 9. Details of project cost. Cost of Project is given in Sec 2.13 on Pg. 40 10. Details of facilities (GCS, OCS, disposal of GCS exists at Baramura Gas Field. produced water, treatment facility etc) to be Sec 2.3 on Pg. 14 developed/has been developed for the project. 11. Environmental considerations in the selection of Based on geological considerations, the the drilling locations for which environmental environmental considerations will be to clearance is being sought. Present any analysis propose the sites away from settlements and suggested for minimizing the foot print giving easy access to the proposed site as far as details of drilling and development options applicable. considered. The environmental considerations are given in Sec 2.6.1 on Pg. 20 12. Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for The baseline of air water (ground and surface) one season leaving the monsoon season in an and soil in Sec 3.1.2 (Pg. 44), 3.1.7 (Pg. 57)& area of 10 km radius with centre of Oil Field as 3.1.9 (Pg.65) and 3.1.11 (Pg. 72) respectively

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 9 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. ToR Points Issued Addressed at EIA No. its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells. (i) Topography of the project site. Topography is given in Sec.3.1.4 (Pg. 52) (ii) Ambient Air Quality monitoring at 8 Provided in Sec. 3.1.2 (Pg. 44) locations for PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, Methane and non-methane HC. (iii) Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical Provided in Sec. 3.1.11 (Pg. 72) properties) at the areas located at 5 locations. (iv) Ground and surface water quality in the Provided in Sec 3.1.7 (Pg. 57) & 3.1.9 (Pg. 65) vicinity of the proposed wells site. (v) Climatology and Meteorology including wind Provided in Sec 3.1.1 (Pg. 41) speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall relative humidity etc. (vi) Measurement of Noise levels within 1 km Provided in Sec 3.1.3 (Pg. 50) radius of the proposed wells. (vii) Vegetation and land use; Animal resources Provided in Sec 3.2.3 (Pg. 79), 3.2.4 (Pg. 85), 3.2.5 (Pg. 86), 3.2.6 (Pg. 87) and 3.1.10 (Pg. 69) 13. Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation. Incremental GLC given in Table 4.5 in 4.2.2 (Pg. 104) 14. Potential environmental impact envisages during Potential Environmental Impacts envisaged various stages of project activities such as site during various stages of Project activities is activation, development, operation/ maintenance given in Chapter 4. (Pg. 95 - 126) and decommissioning. 15. Actual source of water and ‘Permission’ for the ONGC intends to buy water from authorized drawl of water from the Competent Authority. vendor or drill borewell and extract water as Detailed water balance, waster water generation given in detail in Ch.2 Section 2.9.3 (Pg. 35 and discharge. and 37 ) 16. Noise abatement measures and measures to Block is not located in Coastal Area. Noise minimize disturbance due to light and visual abatement measures and measures due to light intrusions in case coastally located. and visual intrusion are given in 4.2.3 on Pg. 108 and 4.2.1 on Pg. 100 17. Treatment and disposal of waste water. The treatment and disposal of wastewater is given in Sec Sec 5.1.2 Pg. 133 18. Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation. The treatment and disposal of solid waste generation in Sec 5.1.2 Pg. 133 19. Disposal of spent oil and loose. The spent oil and loose will be sold to authorized Vendors Refer in Sec 5.1.2 Pg. 133 20. Storage of chemicals and diesel at site. The chemicals and diesel will be stored in an enclosed covered as given in Sec. 2.8.3 Pg. 30 21. Commitment for the use of WBM only Water based mud will only be used as given in Sec.2.8.3 Pg. 29. But eco-friendly synthetic mud will also be used if required after informing the State PCB.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 10 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. ToR Points Issued Addressed at EIA No. 22. Mud make up and mud and cutting disposal – all The recycled mud wil be tested for its options considered shall be listed with selective viscosity, density and pH before rendering it as option. spent mud. The spent mud and mud cutting will be initially stored in the HDPE lined pits and disposed according to its toxicity. The process is described in Sec. 2.8.3 Pg. 298-30 23. Hazardous material usage, storage accounting The usage, storage accounting and disposal is and disposal. given in Sec. 5.1.2 Pg. 133 24. Disposal of packaging waste from site. The packaging waste will be given to the local vendors. Refer Sec.5.1.2 Pg. 133 25. Oil spill emergency plans in respect of recovery/ Oil spill emergency plan is given in Sec. 5.1.2 reclamation. Pg. 133

26. H2S emissions control. Earlier exploration shows the absence of H2S in these Blocks. Though a H2S contingency plan exists for ONGC that will come into action on detecting H2S at any stage of drilling. 27. Produced oil handling and storage. The GCS facility in Baramura has the capacity to process the condensates. These condensates are then sent to facilities where they are used as lubricants or sold off. 28. Details of scheme for oil collection system along Not Applicable as the producing wells will with process flow diagram and its capacity. only produce gas. 29. Details of control of air, water and noise NA pollution in oil collection system. 30. Disposal of produced/formation water. Produced water will be generated in the proposed GCS. This water will be treated at the installed ETP and then discharged as per GSR 546 Rules. Formation water will be injected into injection wells as given in Sec 4.2.8 Pg. 118 31. Whether any burn pits being utilized for well test Burn pits will not be utilized. operations. 32. Restoration and decommissioning plans which Restoration and decommissioning plans given shall include mud pits and wastage restoration in Sec 2.8.4 Pg. 33-34 also and documentation and monitoring of site recovery. 33. Measures to protect ground water and shallow Measures to protect groundwater and shallow aquifers from contamination. aquifers given in Sec. 4.2.9 Pg. 118 34. Risk assessment and disaster management plan Risk assessment and disaster management plan for independent reviews of well designed has been separately uploaded on MoEFCC construction etc. for prevention of blow out. website. 35. Safety plan to be included for the tea worker in ONGC will prepae a safety plan in the nearby areas. consultation with the tea workers. Safe evacuation of these tea workers will be ensured in emergency situations.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 11 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. ToR Points Issued Addressed at EIA No. 36. Environmental management plan. Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Framework given in Chapter 5 Pg. 127 - 166 37. Documentary proof of membership of common Facility not available in Tripura disposal facilities, if any. 38. Details of environmental and safety related Regular health check up of ONGC personnel documentation within the company including conducted as per ONGC HSE Policy. documentation and proposed occupational health Surveillance safety programs carried at regular and safety Surveillance Safety Programme for all intervals and documented. personnel at site. This shall also include monitoring programme for the environmental. 39. Total capital and recurring cost for Refer in Table 5.3 (Pg. 143 – 145) environmental control measures. 40. A copy of Corporate Environment Policy of the A copy of Corporate Environment Policy given ONGC as per the Ministry’s O.M. No. J- in Box 5.1 in Chapter 5 Sec 5.4 Pg. 146 11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry’s website. 41. Any litigation pending against the project and or No, Not Applicable any direction/order passed by any court of law against the project. If so details thereof. 42. Public hearing issues raised and commitments Public Hearings was conducted on 13th Feb, made by the project proponent on the same shall 2015 in Khowai district. be included separately in EIA/EMP Report in the Issues raised during the Public Hearing and the form of tabular chart with financial budget for relevant commitments made by ONGC are complying with the commitments made. tabulated in section 6.3 of this EIA report

43. A tabular chart with index for point-wise ToR has been provided in Chapter 1, Table compliance of above TORs. 1.1 The following general points should be noted: (i) All documents should be properly indexed, page numbered. (ii) Period/date of data collection should be clearly indicated. (iii) Authenticated English translation of all material provided in Regional languages. (iv) The letter/application for EC should quote the MOEF file No. and also attach a copy of the letter. (v) A copy of the letter received from the Ministry should be also attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report. (vi) The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues in this letter. The index of the final EIA-EMP report must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where the above

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 12 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. ToR Points Issued Addressed at EIA No. issues have been incorporated. (vii) While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the proponents and instructions for the consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006- IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry should also be followed. (viii) ‘Certificate of Accreditation’ issued by the QCI to the environmental consultant should be included.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 13 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2 Project Description

2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT The Tripura Cachar field comprises of fold belts of long linear, subparallel, closely spaced N- S trending anticlines separated by broad synclinal troughs. Tripura is a major gas producing field where exploration began in 1972 with commercial production from 1975. ONGC has struck with success in 9 fields of Baramura, Rokhia, Agartala Dome, Gojalia, Tichna, Sonamura, Kunjaban, Sundulbari and Khubal during exploration. Presently, ONGC intends to develop a single well in Baramura Field to harness gas to augment supply. ONGC has obtained a ToR for obtaining Environmental Clearance for 30 development wells, GCS and pipelines in Tripura. Amongst 30 development wells, five have been proposed in the same field of Baramura. Moreover, one location of one proposed development well BMDF lies on the same surface location as BMDE. Since both the study conducted simultaneously, the present study of BMDE forms a subset of the larger study containing five wells in Baramura Field.

2.2 OBJECTIVES AND BENEFITS OF PROPOSED DRILLING ACTIVITY ONGC proposes to develop a single well in Boramura, Tripura. These activities have been proposed with few objectives that reap benefit to the society at large. Project Objectives Objectives of the proposed drilling activities are summarized below:  To drill, evaluate and extract hydrocarbons’ prospects safely  To construct facilities for hydrocarbon processing and transportation Project Benefits ONGC expects to augment the production of hydrocarbons in the present scenario of growing demand of oil and gas in the country. The produced gas will be used in North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Ltd. (NEEPCO) to generate power in Tripura. The neighboring villagers will be able supplement their livelihood through direct or indirect means. The proposed project will also result in the improvement of existing infrastructure.

2.3 DEVELOPOMENT PLAN Baramura GCS BMDE is proposed to be connected to the already existing Baramura GCS to maintain supply to existing consumer. Baramura field is an exposed structure located at a distance of about 30 km east of Agartala town. The structure is affected by a number of transverse faults, which played an important role in gas migration and entrapment, dividing the field into different blocks. The field has

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 14 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura been put on trial production in 1975 through BM# 1 and is on commercial production since 1986. Producing gas wells are very old and in many wells the gas flow ceased due to water loading problem. Even after Work over job and water shut off job, production is predicted to decline. Considering the commitment to fulfil the existing consumer demand and also to maintain gas supply rates, it is necessary to generate more production potential wherever possible, through development drilling.

2.4 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

2.4.1 Location and Accessibility Boramura Field is concentrated in the Northern part of Tripura. The regional settings of the Field and location of the fields are shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. National Highway- 44 (NH-44) - the lifeline of Tripura that begins from Sabroom in South and runs Northward through major towns and muffassils like Manu Bazaar, Santir Bazaar, Udaipur, Bisramganj, Bishalgarh, Hafania. It takes a turn from Agartala in the West towards Shillong in the East through Boramura, Jirania, Telimura and further East. The only airport in the State is Singerbhil 12 km North-West of Agartala City that caters to the domestic sector. Teliamura station is the closest station on the NorthEast Frontier Railway linne connecting Agartala with Lumding. The accessibility to the field is shown in Figure 2.3. The Field Boundary is given in Table 2.1.

TABLE 2-1: BORAMURA FIELD BOUNDARY Latitude Longitude Vertex Remarks Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec. A 23 55 16.24 91 34 11.02 IV IV

– B 23 40 00.00 91 36 13.47

It includes 10.746 C 23 40 00.00 91 32 51.42 km2 area of 4 km. existing ML blocks Baramura Baramura D 23 55 16.24 91 30 48.98 Extention Extention

Area: 150.255 sq. 150.255 Area: A 23 55 16.24 91 34 11.02

Boramura Field This is an elongated Field located across West Tripura, Khowai and Gomati district, approximately 30km East of Agartala City. The Field is 155.25 sq km in size and stretches 95km in length and 13 km in width. It comprises of the Boramura Debatamura hill range that is aligned North-South. This field is accessible through NH-44 connecting Agartala with Shillong. The railway line connecting Agartala with Lumding (a section of North-East Frontier Railways) crosses the Field. There is a tunnel where the railline passes through the Boramura range. Teliamura railway station on the east of the Block is the closest railway station.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 15 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.5 SALIENT FEATURES The water consumption, generation of drill cuttings and drilling fluid is determined by depth and type of well as presented in Table 2.2.

TABLE 2-2: SALIENT FEATURES OF A TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT WELL

Water Drill Type of Well Depth of Well Drilling Fluid Consumption Cutting 3 3 3 Development 2400-2500 m 900-1000m 250-300m 1000-1250m

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 16 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-1: REGIONAL SETTING MAP OF FIELDS IN TRIPURA

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 17 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-2: FIELD LOCATION MAP ON SATELLITE IMAGERY

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 18 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-3: FIELD ACCESSIBILITY MAP

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 19 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.6 FIELD SETTING The fields are located across West and South Tripura (Figure 2.4). This part of Tripura is characterized by steep sloping and slightly dissected high relief structural hills and ridges. The key physical features of each field are given below:

2.6.1 Boramura Field This field is part of Boramura-Debatamura Hill ranges are aligned North-South. The highest peak of the range is Saisum Chhip (269.44 meters) located about 500m away from Lungphungbari. This range is covered with natural vegetation and constitutes the Boramura- Debatamura Reserve Forest. Howrah river originates from this hilly range. This was the first gas field to be discovered in Tripura. Boramura Thermal Power plant is located in the Block. ONGC has existing production well and a GCS in this field and further proposes to drill a single development well in this field. There are few settlements that are sparsely located like Khamtingbari, Lungphunbari and Bonkumari. The residents of these villages are indigenous tribals. Jhum cultivation practiced earlier in these areas has been replaced with horticultural plantation of pineapple and citrus fruits. Rainwater fed streams at the foothills of the hilly range forms a source of water supply for the local people. No critically or severely polluted area is located within 10 km of the proposed Fields.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 20 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-4: FIELD SETTING MAP OF BORAMURA FIELD

SENES/K-20233/Aug 2015 21 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Photo 2-1: Natural vegetation at Boramura Photo 2-2: Production wells at Khamtingbari

Photo 2-3: Way towards BMDE well Photo 2-4: Horticultural activity through MNREGA

2.7 WELL LOCATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS

2.7.1 Location of Wells The proposed well sites were selected based on environmental considerations viz. by avoiding locations that are sensitive, i.e. ecological habitats, settlements, schools/ hospitals, water bodies etc. Primarily, the wells have been proposed in areas that are used for rubber plantation. The geo co-ordinate of the wells along with their names and types proposed to be explored and developed in the Block is given in Table 2.3

TABLE 2-3: GEO CO-ORDINATE OF THE WELLS

Sl No Location Well Name Latitude Longitude 1 Boramura Field BMDE 23°49'30.29" 91° 33' 40.79"

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 22 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-5: WELL AND GCS LOCATION MAP

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 23 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.7.2 Environmental Settings of the Wells The environmental settings and land use of the well – BMDE is provided in Figure 2.6.

Baramura Field A single development well has been proposed for drilling in this Field. The well lies in Boramura-Debatamura Reserve Forest. BMDE The proposed development well is located in the naturally vegetated area of the Reserve Forest (Figure 2-6). An unmetalled road branches from a road, that connects the scattered settlements of Khamtingbari nestled on small hill tops with NH-44, and winds into the jungle beyond the existing wells site of BRM-1 and 1b.An approach road of 30m will be required to be built to access the proposed site of BMDE.

FIGURE 2-6: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING MAP OF BMDE

2.8 DEVELOPMENT WELL DRILLING The project activities related to drilling of development well has been outlined in the following sections in the above sequence.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 24 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.8.1 Project Schedule The lifecycle of project activities for the Developmental Drilling Project has been divided into 3 distinct phases and each of them is described in detail in the subsequent sections. The project schedule for different phases of the project is shown in Table 2.4 below. The dates provided for future activities are estimated based on the planned schedule at the time of writing this EIA and may be subject to change. The Project schedule of the commissioning and decommissioning of the development wells will be the same except the lifecycle of the development wells will be prolonged for few years until the hydrocarbon is exhausted.

TABLE 2-4: A TYPICAL PROJECT SCHEDULE FOR ONE WELL

Sl. MONTHS Activity NO 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Approach Road & Site Development

2 Drilling & Testing Activity

3 Site Closure and Decommissioning

2.8.2 Site preparation and Access Road Construction Site preparation will involve all activities required to facilitate the transport and operation of the drilling rig and associated equipments and machineries. The different stages involved in site preparation are described as follows:  Site selection  Land lease  Construction of approach road  Construction of drill site  Rig mobilization and rigging up  Installation of support facility

Site selection The major consideration for the site selection is geological formation. The locations were selected by ONGC’s geology department. A preliminary site survey had been undertaken by the ONGC drilling team. Suitable drilling locations were selected based on the physical (terrain and access) and technical suitability. Based on above geological consideration, the following environmental considerations were adopted during selection of drill site  Away from organized human habitats.  Easy access to area of interest

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 25 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Land Lease A total of 1.7ha of land is required for drilling each development well. The process of land acquisition differs with land ownership. The drilling point, once identified by the sub-surface geology team of ONGC, is handed over to the Land Acquisition Department, ONGC. The land acquisition team surveys the land around the drilling point and identifies the stakeholders. The drilling point can be shifted at a radius of maximum 500m if it is proposed on school/settlements, hospitals, etc. The land acquisition process is completed through the Land Acquisition Collector or the District Magistrate. If the land belongs to the private individual, initially it is taken at lease for three years. If the drilled location indicates presence of hydrocarbon, it is bought after paying proper compensation through the Government authorities. In case, the presence of hydrocarbon is not indicated the land is restored and returned to the landowners. In situations, where the land belongs to the Government authorities, the land is acquired by taking a long term lease. Land belonging to the Forest department is acquired for diversion through necessary permission i.e forest clearance and if the land forms a part of the patta land granted to tribals as per The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, then adequate compensation is also paid for livelihood impacted apart from value of land before the land is diverted. However, as per Amendment issued in Oct, 2014, no forest rights are likely to be recognized in case of plantations notified as forests less than 75years prior to Dec 2005 and located in villages having no recorded population of Scheduled Tribes as per 2001, 2011 Census, even if the process stipulated in the FRA 2006 Act is initiated and completed. The land required for building approach road to the wells is bought permanently from the private owners or leased permanently from the Government authorities. The roads are handed over to the community once the drilling phase is completed. Forest Land & Forest Clearance Forest land will be required for drilling of the well proposed in Boramura, ONGC has already applied for the permission from the Forest department for pursuing the activities in the Boramura-Debatamura Reserve Forest (Annexure 2.1). Human Settlement and R&R Issue The existing land use map and ground verification clearly shows that only non habited land will be utilized for construction of drill sites. No human settlement will be affected by proposed activity and no human settlement area also would be required to rehabilitate. In case of these fields in Tripura, R&R issues are not applicable to this project.

Construction of Drill Site The following sub-activity will be carried out for construction of new drill sites: Fencing: The proposed well site will be duly fenced to a height of about 2 m using chain link and barbed wires to restrict unlawful entry into the site.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 26 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Top Soil Scraping: The depth of the top soil of the entire drill site will be gauged scraped and stored in designated top soil storage site for future use (site reclamation and rehabilitation). Construction of Drill Platform Once the top soil removal process is completed, the entire drill site will be elevated, leveled and compacted. Drill sites may require filling of earth to elevate the drilling platform based on local topography and High Flood Level (HFL). Quantity of fill material required for each drill sites depends upon the site elevation and HFL. Fill material will be met from excavated material from slope cutiing required for drill site. Pits will be required for storage of mud, drill cutting, waste water, formation water, etc. These are as follows:  Construction of cellar pit 3m X 3m X 3 m for installation of well head and BOP  Construction of 1 HDPE lined pit of dimensions 30’X 33’X 5’ m at well site for temporary storage and disposal of drill cutting and waste mud  Construction of 3 HDPE lined pit of dimensions 30’X 33’X 5’, 38’X 33’X 5’, 23’X 20’X 5’and for temporary storage and disposal of drilling wash water  Septic tanks and Soak pits will be constructed at the drill site to dispose the faecal waste and domestic wastewater and sewage, respectively.  Construction of Bunds & Storm Water Drains: The soil excavated from the pits will be used to build a raised bund/embankment bordering the periphery of the drill site. A storm water drain is constructed before the bund. Oil-water separator and silt-trap will be constructed at one end of the storm water drain.  Construction of Drill Pad: A flat rectangular/square drilling site (pad) of 15X15 m (approximate) at site to facilitate drilling and testing of hydrocarbons will be required. Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) will be used for the construction of foundation system. For the construction of a drill site, a total of about 100 tonnes of cement, 100 tonnes of sand, and 100 tonnes of stones will be procured from local dealers.

Rig Mobilization and Rigging up A rig building process will follow the site preparation activities. This process involves transport of rig and auxiliary equipments, assembling of various rig parts and equipment to drill a well. The rig including auxiliary equipments and camp facilities will be transported in approximately 60 trailer loads. Once the drilling rig is assembled, thorough rig inspection will be carried out to check equipment working capability and quality standards. The rig will have various allied equipments like mud tanks, mud pumps, compressors, fuel tank, DG sets etc. Well spudding is the start of drilling activity. Cellar Pit will be drilled to a desired depth based on well design. After drilling Cellar Pit, it will be cased with a pipe and this process is called “Casing”. Casing provides support to hole wall and secures hole section. Other than that, it isolates problematic hole sections such as loss zones, shale sections, over pressurized formations etc. After running casing, space between hole wall and “Casing” will be

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 27 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura cemented. This process of drilling and casing the hole section continues until the final well depth (2500- 3000m) is achieved. Lengths and diameters of each section of the well are determined prior to drilling and are dependent on the geological conditions through which the well is to be drilled. Once each section of the well is completed, the drill string is lifted and protective steel pipe or casing lowered into the well and cemented into place.

Installation of Support Facility To support the drilling operation, the following systems and services will be included at the rig package:  Environmental Protection – Blow Out Prevention (BOP) system, wastewater treatment unit, cuttings handling equipment.

2.8.3 Drilling of and testing of well The exploitation of hydrocarbons requires the construction of a conduit between the surface and the reservoir. This is achieved by the drilling process. The well will be drilled using a standard land rig or a “Mobile Land Rig” with standard water based drilling fluid treatment system. This rig will be suitable for drilling up to the desired depth of 2500-3000 meters as planned for the project. The typical configuration of a Drilling Rig is shown in the Figure 2.7. Drilling is a temporary activity which will continue for about 60-120days for each well in the block. The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations are completed, and if sufficient indications of hydrocarbons are noticed while drilling, the well is tested by perforation in the production casing. This normally takes 2-3 days. If the well is found to be a successful hydrocarbon bearing structure, it is sealed off for future development, if any.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 28 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-7: TYPICAL DRILLING RIG CONFIGURATION

Additionally, there will be other ancillary facilities like drilling mud system, ETP, Cuttings disposal, drill cementing equipment etc. and utilities to supply power (DG sets), water, fuel (HSD) to the drilling process and will be set up as a part of the project.

Mud System and Cuttings During drilling operations a fluid known as drilling fluid (or ‘mud’) is pumped through the drill string down to the drilling bit and returns between the drill pipe –casing annulus up to surface back into the circulation system after separation of drill cuttings /solids through solids control equipment. Drilling fluid is essential to the operation and helps in controlling downhole pressure, lift soil/rock cuttings to the mud pit, prevent cuttings from settling in the drill pipe, lubricate, cool and clean the drill bit amongst other functions. Drilling Mud: It has been decided that uniform water-based mud system will be used during drilling of the wells. Unlike an oil-based mud system, usage of water-based mud will not

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 29 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura pose higher risk of contamination to subsurface formations and will be easy to dispose of the fluid and cuttings. The ingredient of water based drilling fluid is given in Annexure 2.2. The special additives and their functions in water-based drilling fluids are presented in Annexure 2.3. Eco-friendly synthetic based mud will be used for drilling where water-based mud will not be suitable. Drill Cuttings: Mud used during the operation will flush out formation cuttings from the well hole. These cuttings will be separated from the drilling mud by thoroughly washing. Cuttings will then be stored in the HDPE lined pits and after completion of the drilling activities, cuttings will be tested for hazardous nature and based on nature of the drill cuttings, final disposal pathway will be finalized by ONGC. The total amount of cuttings produced during the entire drilling period is projected to be about 250-300 m3. Once the cuttings have been separated, the drilling fluid will be reused or processed after further treatment in a system designed to remove suspended solids that are too fine for mechanical separation in solids control package producing inlet particles called ‘flocs’. The flocs will be removed in the decanting centrifuges and the resultant sludge disposed off in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) lined pits. The cleaned waste water will also be stored in HDPE lined pits and disposed off, after testing and any necessary treatment, to meet the regulatory requirements. The whole process by which the drilling fluid will be reused during the drilling operation is commonly known as a “closed loop system.” This system is ideal for drilling operations in sensitive environments as it cuts down immensely on the total water consumption for the formulation of drilling mud and also saves on the consumption of chemicals. Figure 2.8 shows the schematic layout of the drilling waste management. Figure 2.9 shows the drilling fluid circulation system which is designed to enable the drilling fluid to be recycled and maintained in good condition throughout the operation. Various components of the drilling mud will be selected carefully to be able to provide desired properties to the mud. Mud chemicals will be added to the uniform mud system to adjust the mud properties and ensure fluid loss control/circulation, lubricity, shale inhibition, pH control and pressure control in the well during drilling. Storage of Chemicals: Chemicals required for the preparation of drilling fluid will be centrally stored in Jorhat. Additionally, some chemicals will also be stored in the drill site. The storage area will be paved and bunded and will be provided with a shed.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 30 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Drilling Operation

Drilling mud Drill cuttings plus separation in shale drilling mud shaker

Water based drilling mud reused

HDPE lined pit

Drill cutting washing

Disposal after testing & Washed waste water to treatment to meet regulatory HDPE lined waste water pit requirement

FIGURE 2-8: DRILLING WASTE MANAGEMENT

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 31 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-9: TYPICAL DRILLING FLUID CIRCULATION SYSTEM

Cementing Programme Cementing is a necessary aspect of drilling oil and gas wells. Cement is used to  Secure/support casing strings  Isolate zones for production purposes  Solve various hole problems Cementing generally utilizes Portland Cement (API Class G Oil Well Cement) with various additives in small quantities as accelerators/retarders, density adjusters, dispersants, fluid loss additives, anti gas migration additives, etc.

Well Testing Between drilling operations for different zones, logging operations are undertaken to provide information on the potential type and quantities of hydrocarbons present in the target formations. Technicians employed by an ONGC/specialist Logging Service Company will be entrusted with the job of well logging. Logging instruments (sensors) will be attached to the bottom of a wire line and lowered to the bottom of the well. They are then slowly brought back, the devices reading different data as they pass each formation and recording it on graphs, which can be interpreted by the geologist, geophysicist and drilling engineer. There are no emissions to the environment associated with wire line logging operations. The radioactive source required for well logging operations will be kept in specially designed container.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 32 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.8.4 Well Decommissioning

Well Abandonment On completion of activities, the development wells will be either plugged and connected with flowlines or suspended. In the event of a decision to suspend the well, it will be filled with a brine solution containing very small quantities of inhibitors to protect the well. The well will be sealed with cement plugs and few wellhead equipment (Blind Flange) left on the surface (Cellar). After the development activities the well will be sealed with a series of cement plugs, all the wellhead equipment will be removed leaving the surface clear of any debris and site will be restored.

Site Closure and Decommissioning After completion of the drilling activity, partial de-mobilisation of the drilling rig and associated infrastructure will be initiated if ONGC does not strike gas after drilling at the required depth. As discussed earlier, well testing may be carried out immediately after the drilling is completed. The complete de-mobilisation of the facilities at site will happen after well-testing has been completed. This will involve the dismantling of the rig, all associated equipments and the residential camp, and transporting it out of the project area. It is expected that demobilization phase will last about 10-15 days and will involve the transportation of materials, equipments and other materials from site to bring it back to original condition. It is estimated that about 60 truckloads will be transported out of site during this period. Subsequently, following steps will be typically involved to restore and rehabilitate the area:  The wellhead and all casing string will be cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m (10 ft) below ground level.  All concrete structures will be broken up, and the debris disposed off as per the regulatory requirements.  Drill cuttings and drill mud will be treated as per G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 to render them harmless.  Drilling wastewater including drill cuttings wash water shall be collected in HDPE lined disposal pit, evaporated and treated and shall comply as per G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005.  All fencing and access gates will be removed.  All pits whose contents will show regulatory compliance for on-site disposal, at the time of site closure, will be backfilled and closed out as per the legal requirements.  Restoration of unusable portion of the access track, removal of pilings

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 33 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Site Restoration All abandoned drill sites will be restored back to its near original condition. After decommissioning of site, it will be de-compacted and the embanked top soil will be overlain on the de-compacted site with certain moisture conservation measures and seeding of leguminous plant for restoration of soil nutrient level naturally.

2.9 UTILITIES AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS Development drilling programme requires the following common facilities:

2.9.1 Power requirement and generation The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works which require power. The electricity requirement for the project activities is high and continuous once drilling begins. Hence the dependency is more on DG sets. Moreover the power requirement is for a small period of 5-6 months where the intensive period lasts only for 45-60 days. The power requirement will be met by using the six AC-SCR Diesel Generator Sets of 750 KW throughout the project period. The exhaust stacks of the DG sets are likely to vent the emissions. The power requirement at different stages of activities is given in Table 2.5.

TABLE 2-5: POWER REQUIREMENT OF EXPLORATION/DEVELOPMENT OF WELLS Activity Power requirement No. of DG set

During site construction AC-SCR DG set of 750 KW 1

During drilling operation AC-SCR DG set of 750 KW 2 operable and 1 standby Lighting and other power AC-SCR DG set of 750 KW 1 requirement

2.9.2 Fuel Consumption, Supply and Storage It is estimated that about 1-1.5 KLD diesel per day will be required to power the off-road construction equipment and vehicles during site preparation phase. During the drilling phase, consumption about 6 KLD of Diesel will be required. Out of this, a major part, about 85% will be consumed by the rig and about 15% will be required for the campsite. Fuel will be supplied onsite by local supplier through mobile tankers. Fuel in excess approximately 42 KL (7 days reserve) will be stored at onsite storage facility as per Petroleum Rules, 2002. In case the storage exceeds the threshold limits specified in the Petroleum Rules, 2002, ONGC will comply with the relevant provision of such rules.

2.9.3 Water Requirements Approximately 5 KLD water will be required for construction and 3KLD for workers during construction phase. The daily water consumption during drilling and testing of wells will be 28 m3/day. A total of 15m3/d will be used for mud preparation, 10m3/d for rig washing and 3m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking. The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart from washings and domestic

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 34 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura use. While the former two activities consume the majority of water requirement, the water requirement for domestic use is very less.

Water Source and Permission Water will be sourced from contractors after validating their permission from concerned authorities. The water requirement per well is shown in Table 2.6.

TABLE 2-6: WATER REQUIREMENT PER WELL Description Quantity Total Water Requirement for Drilling Phase (KL) 1000-1200 No. of Days on well 45-60 Average drilling water consumption per day (KLD) 20

A provision for storage of about 125 KLD of water (5 days water requirement during peak period) will be made on site. Potable water requirement at site will be met through packaged drinking water. The water balance diagram is provided at Figure 2.10.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 35 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 2-10 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 36 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2.10 POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERIZATION

2.10.1 Noise and Vibrations Noise will be emitted from drill site during site preparation, drilling and decommissioning phases. The major noise generating operations from the proposed activity during drilling, testing are operation of rotary drilling equipment as part of rig, diesel engines for power generation, mud pumps and operation of vehicles. Noise during the site preparatory phase will primarily be contributed by heavy construction machinery operating on site and vehicular sources for constructing the facilities for wells, GCS and pipeline. Average noise emission ranges for different types of construction machinery are provided in Table 2.7.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 37 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 2-7: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE LEVELS Sound Level At Operator (in decibels) Equipment Range Earth Moving Equipment Front End Loader 85-91 Back Hoe 79-89 Bull Dozer 89-103 Roller 79-93 Truck 89-103 Material Handling Equipment Concrete Mixer <85.0 Crane/Hydra <85.0 Derrick 97-102 Air Compressors 35-38 Source: British Columbia, “Construction Noise,” Workers Compensation Board of BC

2.10.2 Air Emissions Air emissions from point sources expected from the proposed drilling will be mainly from combustion of diesel in the diesel engines and power generators which will be operated to meet power requirement of the drilling rig and the campsite. The principal pollutants will comprise of Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur and Nitrogen Dioxides (SO2 and NO2) and other Hydrocarbons (HC). The quantity of diesel consumed during drilling will be in order of 6 KL /day/drilling site. Additionally, the flaring and burning of oil during the testing of well and from GCS will also lead to the release of some pollutants including un-burnt hydrocarbons to the atmosphere. Some fugitive emissions of dust and air pollutants from vehicular exhaust will also happen during the project lifecycle, mostly during the construction and decommissioning activities. Additionally, there will be re-entrainment of dust from the approach road leading to the site mainly during the dry season. Analysis of natural gas generated earlier from the wells at Fields in Tripura Basin reveals that hydrogen sulfide is not present here. If hydrogen sulfide is found then appropriate measures will be taken as outlined in the safety protocol and in accordance to Industrial Best Practice.

2.10.3 Liquid wastes During the drilling operations, drilling wastewater generated (approximately 9 m3 per day) as a result of rig wash and dewatering of spent mud and washing of drill cuttings will be treated and reused and recycled. Effluents from, floor washings, pump, seal leakages, spillages will comprise of chemical ingredients of drilling fluid thereby rendering effluent to be polluted. The characteristics of drilling and wash wastewater will be primarily dependent on type and

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 38 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura composition of drilling fluid used for drilling. As ONGC is proposing the use of water-based drilling mud, the potential for contamination of such waste water is significantly lower. The drilling wastewater will contain spent drilling fluid generated as a result of washings. The rig wash water and drilling wastewater generated is proposed to be collected in a wastewater pit (constructed at the drilling site. Domestic waste water generated (about 1.6 m3 per day for the drilling camp) will be treated through a soak pit/septic tank arrangement. The quantities of the liquid wastes, their characteristics and anticipated disposal methods are given in Table 2.8.

TABLE 2-8: LIQUID WASTES GENERATED DURING DRILLING AND THEIR DISPOSAL Waste Type Quantity Disposal Drilling and Wash The water will be adequately treated in an ETP to 1000 m3 per well wastewater ensure conformance to the GSR 546 Rules 1.6 m3 per day from Domestic wastewater Septic tank followed by soak pit drilling site

2.10.4 Effluent Generation, Treatment and Disposal The drilling waste water around 1000 m3 will be generated during the entire drilling period from rig wash and dewatering of spent drilling mud. To ensure that effluent from the project comply with the waste water discharge standards as mentioned in the G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005, a mobile Effluent Treatment Plant will be installed. The plant would be capable of handling 125m3/day of drilling effluents. Domestic waste water generated (about 1.6m3 for the drilling camp) will be treated through a soak pit/septic tank arrangement.

2.10.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Streams The different solid and hazardous waste streams generated during drilling and their disposal methodology has been presented in Table 2.9.

TABLE 2-9: WASTE STREAMS GENERATED DURING DRILLING AND THEIR DISPOSAL Waste Type Quantity Characteristics Disposal Kitchen Waste 10 – 20 kg Organic waste Will be stored in compost pits on daily per day (Non HW) basis. Drill Cuttings 250-300 m3/ well Mainly Inert material Drill cuttings will be disposed off in a Consisting of shales, well designed pit lined with impervious liner located on site as per G.S.R 546 sands and clay; about (E) dated 30th August 2005 1% of drilling mud. (Non HW) Waste Drilling Barite, Bentonite and The mud will be tested for hazardous Mud 1000 m3 Traces of contaminants and will be disposed as per (Fluid) Heavy metals (HW) G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 Acid – Lead 2 – 3 Lead – Acid (HW) Will be recycled through the vendors Batteries Batteries per supplying acid – lead batteries as required under the Batteries drilling of

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 39 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Waste Type Quantity Characteristics Disposal well (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001. Oily waste- 0.3 m3 Used & Waste oil Will be collected in metal drums kept in used oil & spent secured dyked area & disposed as per Used Oil rules in approved used oil Oil and loose 5-10 Kg recycling facility Recyclables viz. Depending on - Proper segregation and storage of packaging wastes, usage recyclable waste in designated bins paper, plastic, onsite. Recyclables will be periodically packaging wastes sold to local waste recyclers.

2.11 DRILLING HAZARDS Loss of well control / blow-out, fire, explosion and oil spills are the major potential hazards associated with drilling for oil and gas. Effective response plans to foreseeable emergencies will be developed by ONGC and communicated to the project teams. A risk assessment to be carried out as part of this EIA will also contribute towards identification of hazards, risks and formulating management plans for emergency response, blowout, oil spills.

2.12 HSE POLICY ONGC is committed to protecting environment, health and safety of the people who may be affected, directly or indirectly by its operations. The Drilling Management System (DMS) framework lays down the corporate Health, Safety and Environment Policy for the entire organization and the range of operations it undertakes as a part of oil and gas exploration. The overall corporate health environmental safety policy of ONGC may be supplemented by a local policy document whenever so required. It is understood that ONGC will try to formulate a local site level policy taking from the parent corporate policy of ONGC to adequately address the environmental impacts of the proposed drilling projects in Tripura through the DMS.

2.13 PROJECT COST

2.13.1 Development Well Drilling Based on ONGCs previous experience of drilling in the area, cost for drilling for of a single well (including well site construction and site decommissioning) and cost of laying of flow- line (approximate 4km) to the nearest GCS will be approximately INR 20.52 crores.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 40 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

3 Description of the Environment

This chapter describes the existing environmental settings around the proposed one development well namely BMDE located in Baramura Gas Field and its immediate surroundings. The northern part of this block falls in the Khowai dist. and southern portion comes in Gumati dist. However, the BMDE well is located in South- Western part of Khowai dist. The description of existing environmental setting includes the physical environment comprising air, water and land components, noise, the biological environment, and socio- economic environment. Attributes of the physical environment like air, water, soil, and noise quality in surrounding area were assessed primarily through monitoring and analysis of samples collected from field. Air, traffic and noise primary monitoring was carried out by Cleenviron Private Limited (CPL), Rourkela (a NABL certified laboratory); water and soil monitoring were conducted by Mitra S. K Pvt. Ltd (also a NABL certified laboratory). All monitoring at field were undertaken under the guidance and supervision of SENES personnel during pre monsoon season of 2014. Information about geology, hydrology, prevailing natural hazards like floods, earthquakes etc. have been collected from literature reviews and authenticated information made available by government departments. Surveys were carried out to understand and record the biological environment prevailing in the area and the same was verified against published information and literature. The socioeconomic environment has been studied through consultations with various stakeholders in the villages within Baramura-gas fields. Additionally, socioeconomic data have been obtained from the Census of India reports. To conduct the baseline survey to describe existing environmental setting, area that is adjacent to BMDE well and falls within the field boundary of Baramura Field was taken as study areas. If any deviation or expansion was made in study area in any section for better understanding of existing environmental settings, the same has been mentioned in the subsequent section of this chapter. The study area to establish the baseline environmental scenario is shown in Figure 3-1.

3.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.1.1 Climate & Meteorology Climate and meteorology of a place can play an important role in the implementation of any developmental project. Meteorology (weather and climate) plays a key role in understanding local air quality as there is an essential relationship between meteorology and atmospheric dispersion involving the wind speed/direction, stability class and other factors. The state of Tripura enjoys a typical climate with variation ranging from sub–tropical to temperate

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 41 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura conditions in hilly areas. Thus all these blocks fall under the 1humid sub tropical climate zone with warm seasons.

Seasons The climate of Tripura exhibits a strong seasonal rhythm. The following are the well-defined seasons of the region:  Pre-monsoon : March-May  Monsoon : June- September  Post-monsoon : October- November  Winter : December- February Based on the analysis of meteorological data of IMD station at A.D. Nagar, the temperature profile, rainfall pattern relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction of the region have been discussed below2.

Temperature The3 temperature of the State shows a declining trend from west to east. This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase of height in eastern part of Tripura and increase in distance from Bay of Bengal. The summer in the state of Tripura is intense. Cold weather starts from about the end of November when the temperature of both day and night decreases steadily. January is the coldest month of the year. The highest4 temperature recorded from the monitoring conducted by IMD at A.D. Nagar weather monitoring station, Agartala during pre-monsoon was 39.5⁰C and the minimum temperature recorded during this period was 12.7⁰C.

Relative Humidity The relative humidity of the state stays at higher side throughout the year. In summer, the relative humidity lies between 50 to 74 percent where as during rainy season it goes beyond 85 percent. The maximum and minimum relative humidity is 85 percent and 57 percent in the month of July and January respectively5.

1 Tripura State Pollution Control Board Report 2 Automatic Weather Station (AWS, Virtual Electronics Company; Serial No.AWS – 4) was used for meteorological study 3 State of Environment Report of Tripura, 2002. 4 Tripura Disaster Management, Govt. of Tripura, website: http://sdmtripura.nic.in/tripuradm.htm 5 “Tripura Towards Prosperity” Government of Tripura, Dept. of Agriculture, March 2011 - http://agri.tripura.gov.in/links/sov.pdf

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 42 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Rainfall Analysis of rainfall pattern is of great importance since after rainfall the runoff from different areas through narrow rain-fed drainage channel, get discharged into eventually big streams or in rivers. The rainfall pattern in Tripura varies not only from place to place but also between seasons. Tripura experiences very heavy rain from June to September/October from the South West Monsoon. The rainfall is at higher side at southern and northern side of the state of Tripura6. Winter seasons in Tripura are mostly dry. The annual average rainfall of the State is 212.27 cm. with on an average, 92 numbers of rainy days. The IMD data collected from A.D. Nagar showed that total rainfall for the pre-monsoon season, 2014 was 75mm.

Wind Speed and Wind Direction The wind speed and wind direction of an area influences the dispersal of pollutants from a point and non point sources. As the proposed drilling and testing activities involve the operation of both point (DG sets), line and non point pollutant emissions sources, analysis of wind speed and direction data is considered important for predicting the air quality impacts based on pollutant dispersion. Primary meteorology monitoring: Analysis of premonsoon primary meteorology monitoring conducted has been furnished below.The wind direction is from South East to North West and the maximum wind speed recorded is between 3.0 – 4.0m/sec

FIGURE 3-1 WIND ROSE DIAGRAM FOR A PRE-MONSOON SEASON

6 http://tsac.tripura.gov.in/tsac/index.html 7 Tripura Disaster Management Authority, website: http://tdma.nic.in/V_Flood.htm

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 43 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

3.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Primary monitoring of the existing air environment was undertaken in Baramura-gas field to establish existing ambient air quality within the proposed field. Location of the proposed BMDE well and the predominant wind direction was given importance in selection of the ambient air quality sampling stations as any gaseous and particulate emissions from the project activities will disperse based on the predominant wind directions and affect the receptors located at downwind. The analyzed values for the pre project ambient air environment can be compared during and after the completion of project activities to find out deterioration in local air quality if any. The major sources of air emission at this field will be likely to come out from hydrocarbon exploration and production of gas, existing GGS, vehicular movement, and emission from adjacent areas etc. During field survey, burning of remnants of previous crop-cycle on the slope of small and denuded hillock was observed and this practice was done for soil preparation for next cycle of ‘Jhum’ cultivation. This site was observed infrequently in some portions of this field. Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted in four different locations present either inside of Baramura block or adjacent to the BMDE well site. Khamtingbari was the only village present within a kilometer of the well site that lies in the upwind of the proposed site. As per earlier experience, the maximum ground level concentration found by running two DG set will vary from 2 to 3 km depending primarily on wind speed. As BMDE lies on the slope towards North-East, the monitoring locations have been kept in the North East. Hawaibari in East is the closest village. The villages in the North-West of the well site does not have electrical points to support the functioning of air quality samplers. Hence, sampling was conducted only at four monitoring locations. The monitoring was conducted during pre- monsoon season, 2014 and the scope of this monitoring was to capture existing ambient air quality at BMDE well and its adjacent area. Parameters such as PM10, SO2, NO2, methane hydrocarbon, non methane hydrocarbon, VOC were monitored in compliance with approved ToR obtained from MoEF. Secondary information and field survey revealed that DG set emissions and release of hydrocarbons from wells during construction and operation phase will be two major sources of pollutants. Beside these, activities associated with ONGC well construction such as site preparation activity, movement of vehicles on earthen road, fugitive emission from vehicular movement, flaring activity etc. will also contribute certain amount of pollutants in ambient air around well location. Moreover, presence of existing wells in the block, Gas Gathering stations, Gas Compressing station, Gas based thermal power plant, brick fields, ‘Jhum’ cultivation activity during pre-monsoon season in the block are also releasing substantial amount of air pollutants. All these pollutants from different sources will travel and affect the nearest human settlements and their direction of dispersion solely depends on prevailing wind direction that changes from season to season. Thus in Baramura blocks, ambient air quality monitoring stations are placed in both upwind and downwind direction of well cluster at closest settlements.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 44 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

The ambient air monitoring station located to the upwind direction of BMDE well was being selected to assess the existing level of pollutants present in the ambient air contributed from emission sources located in the upwind to the sampling location. The sampling location that were located at downwind direction of BMDE well were selected to assess the existing air quality of that area which will likely to be impacted from the air pollutants that may come out from activities pertaining to the well development and from sources located at upwind. The result of this monitoring can be compared with the air quality after initiation of project activity to assess any deterioration in the ambient air of sampling locations. Apart from the aforesaid reasons of selecting an ambient air quality monitoring station, other criteria are availability of electricity, accessibility etc. To comply with the ToR procured from MoEF, all the baseline ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within an area of 10 km radius with centre of oil field as its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells of a block. Rationale for choosing ambient air quality monitoring station has been incorporated in Table: 3-1.

TABLE 3-1: RATIONALE FOR CHOOSING AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATION Ambient Air Ambient Air Name of the Quality Rationale for selecting the sampling Quality Sampling Field Sampling location Location Location ID Boramura AQ1 BM Para This location was the closest settlement with electricity as well as with access road which will be likely to be impacted from development and operation of BMDE well. AQ2 West Hawaibari The closest settlement that was located at the East of proposed well BMDE. This village and its neighboring location may get affected from the spreading of air pollutants that may come out from proposed project activity in horizontal direction. This location had electricity connection. AQ3 Khamtingbari This monitoring station was selected as it was a settlement on the upwind direction to well no BMDE with electricity. Moreover, as the wind direction will change with season, this location will also act like a receptor at downwind direction to proposed well cluster during post-monsoon season. AQ 4 Bonkumari This was the closest settlement at less than 1km distance from Barmura Gas Thermal Power Plant in upwind direction. This air quality monitoring station would be able to identify the presence of pollutants (hydrocarbons and VOCs), if any, coming out from Baramura Gas Thermal Power Plant.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 45 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Air quality monitoring was carried out during the pre monsoon months of 2014. The number of monitoring stations and parameters (PM10, SO2, NO2, methane hydrocarbon, non methane hydrocarbon, VOC) for monitoring were based on the approved ToR obtained from MoEF. Monitoring was conducted 24 hours a day twice a week for PM10, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen di oxide (NO2), and once a week for Volatile Organic Carbon (VOCs), methane and non methane hydrocarbon. A respiratory dust sampler (APM 460 DX, Envirotech Instruments Pvt. Ltd; Sl No. 17-DATE-E-2001) was used for sampling of PM10, SO2 and NO2. Benzene sampler (AAS 172, Ecotech Instruments Sl. No. 10-A-01) was used for sampling of VOC, methane and non-methane hydrocarbon. The ambient air quality locations are shown in Figure 3-2 rationale for selection of the monitoring locations is presented in Table 3.1. Sampling methodology Determination of MHC, NMHC and VOC: The analysis requires drawing a fixed-volume portion of the sample air at a low flow rate through a glass-bead filled trap that is cooled to approximately -1860C with liquid argon. The cryogenic o trap simultaneously collects and concentrates the NMOC (either via condensation or adsorption) while allowing the methane, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. to pass through the trap without retention. After the fixed-volume air sample has been drawn through the trap, a helium carrier gas flow is diverted to pass through the trap, in the opposite direction to the sample flow, and into a Flame Ionization Detector (FID). When the residual air and methane have been flushed from the trap and the FID baseline re-stabilizes, the cryogen is removed and the temperature of the trap is raised to approximately 900 C. The organic compounds previously collected in the trap revolatilize due to the increase in temperature and are carried into the FID, resulting in a response peak or peaks from the FID. The area of the peak or peaks is integrated, and the integrated value is translated to concentration units. The concentrations of various pollutants were processed for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, minimum concentration, maximum concentration and percentile values. A summary of ambient air quality results is presented in Table 3-2 and the detailed results are presented in Annexure 3-1.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 46 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-2: LOCATION OF AIR, NOISE, METEOROLOGY AND TRAFFIC MONITORING LOCATIONS WITHIN THE ONGC – BORAMURA GAS FIELD

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 47 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Interpretation of Air Quality Results

3 The average of 24 hourly PM 10 at the monitoring locations ranged between 43.59 μg/ m at B 3 M Para to 59.9 μg/ m at Bonkumari (Figure 3.3). The average PM10 concentrations were observed to be in compliance to the NAAQS (100 μg/m3) at all air quality monitoring locations. The sources of PM10 in these villages were wood burning stoves, vehicular movement on village roads as well as on NH 44 (West Hawaibari), windblown dusts from open land, burning of bricks in brick field (B. M. Para), and vehicular exhaust. The lower values recorded at the station were primarily due to rural set up of the Field.

FIGURE 3-3: AVERAGE PM 10 VALUES AT THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Nitrogen di-Oxide (NO2):

3 The average NO2 values at the monitoring locations were observed in the range of 15.43 μg/ m at B.M. Para to 20.67 μg/m3 at West Hawaibari (Figure 3-4). The average values complied 3 with the NAAQS (80 μg/m ) specified for nitrogen dioxide. Low values of NO2 can be attributed to the primarily rural setting of the Field. Major source of NO2 emission were vehicular exhaust, burning of fuel at domestic level etc.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 48 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-4: AVERAGE NO2 VALUES AT THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sulfur di-oxide (SO2): A sulfur dioxide concentration at all the locations varied between 4.25 at Khamtingbari to 3 5.17 μg/m at West Hawaibari (Figure 3.5). Low values of SO2 can be attributed to the primarily rural setting of these blocks. Major source of Sulfur di-oxide in these villages was emission from vehicles used for village level transportation.

FIGURE 3-5: AVERAGE SO2 VALUES AT THE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Methane and Non- Methane Hydrocarbon: Mean values for methane and non methane hydrocarbons at the sampling stations varied between 6 ppm (atBonkumari) to 11 ppm (at Khamtingbari) and 2 ppm (at Bonkumari) to 3 ppm (at B.M. Para, Khamtingbari, West Hawaibari) respectively. Higher methane and non-

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 49 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura methane hydrocarbon values could be attributed to the presence of paddy field, vehicular emission especially from village transport system etc. Volatile Organic Carbon (VOCs): Average values of VOC in these points were ranged between 0.2 ppm at B.M. Para to 0.5 ppm at B M Para. Presence of VOC in ambient air could also be attributed to incomplete combustion of fossil fuel used in vehicles – both roaming on NH 44 and on village road and presence of leakage in natural gas distribution systems.8 It is estimated that vegetation contributes about 90% of the total biogenic VOC emissions (Guenther et al., 1995). Tropical areas such as the study area are regarded as dominant source of biogenic volatile organic compounds emission (BVOC). 9Research studies carried out by School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi show Total VOC emission rate between (2 – 63.4 μgC g‐1 h‐1 ) from tropical Indian plant species. Hence, the VOC concentration in the study area may also be attributed to the biogenic sources.

3.1.3 Ambient Noise Quality The ambient noise monitoring was conducted during pre monsoon season of 2014 at locations within six ONGC-Gas fields. Baseline monitoring was conducted to assess existing noise level in nearest human settlements to the proposed well locations that might get affected from noise generation due to drilling and other activities pertaining to project. Existing sources of noise in all six ONGC Fields has been incorporated in the Table 3-2.

TABLE 3-2: SOURCE OF NOISE IN ONGC FIELDS Sl. Name of the Existing Noise source No. Field 1 Baramura The proposed BMDE well will be located within forest area. However, monitoring locations that were selected for noise monitoring were BM Para – with noise sources like movement of vehicles from NH 44, village market place, movement of vehicles from local brick fields, schools; West Hawaibari – with no major noise sources except movement of vehicles on NH 44; Khamtingbari – with no major noise source; Bonkumari – with no existing major source of noise.

Noise monitoring was conducted at four locations present either inside of the block (Khamtingbari, Bonkumari) or habitations that are likely to be impacted from proposed project activity located outside the block (West Hawaibari and B.M. Para). Major factors that were considered during selection of the noise monitoring stations were, distance between BMDE well from nearest settlements which are likely to be impacted from project activity, presence of any anthropogenic activity in the block that can interfere with the noise that will be generated from project activity, prevailing wind direction and possibility of natural

8 http://www.air-quality.org.uk/04.php 9 http://www.atmospolres.com/articles/volume2/issue1/apr-11-009.pdf

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 50 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura attenuation of noise due to distance from source, presence of vegetation and hillocks etc. To comply with the approved ToR, these noise monitoring locations were selected within one km radius of proposed well or based on the availability of human settlements that are likely to be impacted. Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements in dB (A) were recorded for every hour continuously for 24 hours at 15 minutes interval for the monitoring stations and equivalent noise levels in the form of Leq day and Leq night were computed. The results obtained were compared with the standard specified in Schedule III, Rule 3 of Environmental Protection Rules10. The ambient noise quality monitoring locations within the study area are shown in Figure 3-2 and selection of the stations has been presented in Table 3.2.

Interpretation of Noise Quality Results The daytime noise level varied from 40 dBA reported at Hawaibari to 43.7dBA in Khamtingbari, below National Standard for Residential Areas of 55dBA at daytime. The night time noise level varied from 37.3dBA at Hawaibari and Khamtingbari to 40.3dBA at Bonkumari Village located adjacent to NH-44 and BM Para. The noise level reported at night time is less than National Standard for Residential Areas of 45dBA at nighttime. The ambient noise quality monitoring locations within the study area are shown in Figure 3.6 and the detail result has been presented in Annexure 3.2.

10 Sound Level Meter: SL 4001, Lutron & SLM 100, Envirotech CPL-4, 11

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 51 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-6: DAY AND NIGHT TIME EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVELS

3.1.4 Topography

Topography The state of Tripura resides in the North-East corner of India and lying between the latitude of 22o56'N to 24o32'N and longitude 91o09'E to 92o20'E. Tripura covers an area of approximately 10,491 sq-km (4051 sq-mile). The state shares state boundary with Assam and Mizoram in the east (53 and 109 km respectively) and international boundary – with Bangladesh (839 km.) General altitude of the state differs between 15m to 750m from MSL. The physiography of Tripura tends to flatten towards west. The longitudinal valleys are juxtaposed in between the numerous hillocks and undulating surfaces. Agricultural activities occur in the fertile soil of these valleys. Series of parallel hill-ranges running north to south divide the state into broad parallel valleys, consisting of undulating hillocks covered with jungle & meandering streams. The range of hills rises from the plains of Sylhet in Bangladesh at the north and proceeds southwards until they join the Chittagong hill tracts in the east. Principal ranges of western part of the state are Baramura - Deotamura and Atharamura ranges. A brief description of these ranges is as follows11: 1. North Baramura- Deotamura Range: North Baramura range lying in West Tripura, Khowai and Sipahi Jala District and almost 47km (avg. ht. 200m to 500m) in length. The South Baramura and Deotamura hill ranges are located completely in South Tripura and Gomati districts. Deotamura is the principal hill range of South Tripura dist. with a length of 85 Km. 2. Atharamura Range: It starts from South Tripura District, and enters in Khowai district. A portion of this range also enters in Gomati district. The highest peak is Niungnawra (481m). On the basis of contour the state can be categorized in three groups.12 They area: 1. High Physiographic Zone (Hills): Almost the entire North and Dhalai Districts are having high physiography. High physiography areas i.e. Baramura and Atharamura ranges are also present in West Tripura, Khowai, Part of Sipahijala, Gomati and South Tripura dist.

11 Forest Management Plan, Sadar div., Bagafa Div., Khowai Div., Gumti Div., Udaipur Div and Teliamura Div. 12 Tripura State Pollution Control Board - http://tspcb.tripura.gov.in/envplan.htm.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 52 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2. Medium Physiographic (Undulating land) Zone: It is mainly present in North Tripura District. However, undulating land is also present in western and southern districts of Tripura. 3. Low Physiographic Zone (Plains): Low physiographic area is present in West and South districts. A portion of North Tripura district also has low physiographic zones. Structurally, the State of Tripura represents the western fringe of the typical ‘ridge and valley’ structural province of the late tertiary fold mountain belt, commonly known as the Indo-Burma Ranges (Purbachal Range).

Topography of ONGC Gas Blocks: Baramura field is located in western part of Tripura. Entire Tripura, which is a part of North- Eastern Ranges and Brahmaputra Valley, has been divided in ten topographic units. This gas blocks is a combination of four different types topographic units. A brief description of this gas fields are as follows13: This field is mainly comprises of low relief structural hills with moderate slopes that are highly dissected and ridges with moderate slope and thus falls under high physiographic zone. Flat topped denuded hills with moderate to gentle slope and with moderate dissect are present at south-east part of this field. The entire field is covered by dense to moderately forest with some very small settlements in between. Entire field including the proposed well location comes on Baramura-Deotamura Ridge having height of 255.55m to 357.77 m. Thus this field comes under high physiographic zone. Many narrow ephemeral streams are coming down from the foothills and hillocks and flows towards master stream or rivers. Physiography of this block is shown in Figure: 3-7. In this block, human settlements are located mainly on the flat or moderately flat terrains. However, small conglomerations of human settlements are present on the flat top as well as on the slope of hillocks. Fruit farming is in practice in slope of hillock and also in moderately flat terrain.

13 Report “State Level Perspective Plan for Watershed Development in Tripura under Integrated Watershed Management Projects (I.W.M.P)” by Govt. of Tripura, Dept of Agriculture, Directorate of Horticulture & Soil Conservation

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 53 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-7: TOPOGRAPHY OF BARMURA FIELD

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 54 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

3.1.5 Geology and Hydrogeology

Geology: The major geomorphic element observed in Tripura is north-south running parallel hill regions and intervening valleys. The hills are tightly folded anticlines with broad synclinal valleys. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary formations ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent14. In Tripura, the loamy soil type facilitates the percolation and infiltration of water from the surface into the ground water regime. Moreover, presence of sand stone facilitates the movement of water under the ground as well and acts as storage of water. It indicates that soil profile and nature of the bedrock helps runoff water to move into the ground water regime from recharge zone.

Hydrogeology In the state of Tripura, the ground water occurs in shallow aquifers under unconfined and semi – confined to confined conditions. Fine to medium grained sand stones form the principal aquifer. In major part of the state, ground water occurs under unconfined condition in shallow depth. Ground water occurs under confined condition within shallow depths in small isolated zones. Aquifer system of the area is divided into two types, viz, shallow aquifer within 50 m bgl and deep aquifer between 50 to 300 m bgl. As per CGWB Report, 2008, the wells are constructed within a depth range of 6 to 171 m bgl. Discharge of the wells varies from 0.01 to 2.00 lit/sec during pre-monsoon period and from 0.02 to 2.5 lit/sec during post-monsoon period. Three types of hydro-geological formations identified in the state of Tripura and they are as follows: Alluvial formation with thickness varies between 10-15 m and occurs along the bank of rivers and water can be extracted through dug well and ordinary hand pumps; Dupitila formation with thickness from 10-15m and nearly horizontal in disposition and it has low permeability and low storage capacity due to high clay content. It indicates that the water yielding capacity from this type of formation is very low; Sand stone of Tipam formation constituted the principle aquifer of this area and it consists of sub rounded fine to medium grained, friable sandstone with intercalated clay. Tipam formation is found in valleys of Tripura. The permeability of this formation is much higher than Dupitila and Surma sandstone.

14 Ground Water Information Booklet North Tripura and South Tripura District, Tripura – Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resource, 2012 and State of Environment Report of Tripura, 2002.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 55 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

These formations divide the state into three main hydrogeological zones15. The first one is confined to central part of Agartala-Udaipur, Khowai-Amarpur, Ambasa, Kailasker, Kumarghat and Dharam Nagar syncline valley; where the yield prospects are good. Fine to medium grained sand stones form the principal aquifer. The second one is confined to unconfined aquifers of moderate regional extent with yield prospect of 50-100 m3/hr. This zone extends bordering the hill ranges i.e. the marginal part of Agartala-Udaipur, Khowai- Amarpur, Kamapur-Ambasa, Kailaskar-Kumarbagh and Dharam Nagar valleys. The third zone, comprising moderately thick discontinuous aquifers with yield prospects less than 50m3/hr, is located in the intermountain and smaller valleys. These areas are mostly occupied by argillaceous formations belonging to Surma series Besides this, 16springs or seepage zones are also present in the state. Tribal people living in the hilly areas are using spring water for drinking and domestic purposes. In the foothill areas, people arrest the spring water by constructing seasonal / permanent bund and use that water for irrigation purpose and sometimes for drinking and domestic purposes also. Moreover, it has been also observed during field survey that villagers made ‘kaccha’ wells having depth of 15-30 ft at the foot-hills of small hillocks. This water is being used in both domestic and agricultural purposes. It indicates that the recharge area of such ground water sources are located on the top of the adjacent anticline hillocks. Loamy soil with medium permeability facilitates the accumulation of water and moisture in the narrow valleys. Artesian zones also occur in the state of Tripura and local people are mainly using these wells for drinking and domestic purpose. Artesian belt has been delineated in West of Tripura and the yield of such wells are found to be in the order of 1 to 3 cubic meter /hr. High auto flow discharge of 54 cubic meter/hr is observed in Khowai valley.

3.1.6 Ground Water Resources Groundwater in the state of Tripura is primarily used for agricultural activities, drinking and other domestic purposes. Groundwater is primarily tapped by tube wells from depths ranging mostly between 35-70 m. A decadal (1999 to 2009) study conducted by CGWB Ground water depth also varies during pre monsoon and post monsoon period. Details of this variation have been furnished in Table 3-3.

TABLE 3-3: GROUND WATER RESOURCE OF TRIPURA, 2008 AND 2009

Parameter Tripura Major Water Bearing Formation Tipam Sandstone

Pre-monsoon depth to water level during 2008 1.42 – 8.14 m bgl

15 Ground water Scenario of Tripura – Central Ground Water Board. 16 USEPA: http://www.epa.gov/region1/students/pdfs/ww_well.pdf; Tripura State Pollution Control Board : http://tspcb.tripura.gov.in/gwater.htm; CGWB Ground Water Information Booklet, 2012.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 56 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Parameter Tripura Post-monsoon depth to water level during 2008 1.20 – 5.10 m bgl

Annual Replenishable Ground water Resource during 200917 2.97 BCM

Net Annual Ground Water Availability during 2009 2.74 BCM

Annual Ground Water Draft during 2009 0.16 BCM

Stage of Ground Water Development during 2009 6 % Bgl = Below Ground Level; BCM = Billion Cubic Meter

Regional Ground Water Resource Prior to the division of West Tripura district, the current location of BMDE well was a part of undivided West Tripura. As stated in Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2009 by Central Ground Water Board, the estimation of ground water resource has been furnished below in Table 3-4.

TABLE 3-4: GROUND WATER RESOURCE OF WEST TRIPURA Parameter West Tripura The annual replenishable ground water resources 113095 ham Net ground water available 101785 ham Net annual ground water draft 10415 ham Stage of ground water development 10% Projected demand (upto 2025) for use of ground water in domestic 10526 ham and irrigation sector Projected demand (upto 2025) for use of ground water for irrigation 84125 ham purpose ham = hectare meter.

3.1.7 Ground Water Quality Primary monitoring of ground water quality was considered important in order to understand the probable impacts of the proposed project activities on the sub surface aquifers. Potential pollution of subsurface and unconfined aquifers may occur due to improper casing and cementing of well leading to infiltration or seeping of drilling chemicals or mud into nearby aquifer. Contamination of aquifers may also occur from disposal of drilling waste and mud in an open/unpaved pit.

17 http://cgwb.gov.in/gw_profiles/st_tripura.html

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 57 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Ground Water Sampling Points: Deep drilling will be required for the construction of the proposed wells and this process may affect shallow aquifers, from which local people extracts water for irrigation, drinking and other domestic purpose. Water requirement for the proposed project activity will be met by constructing bore well at BMDE well location. During selection of a ground water sampling point the main factors considered were the availability of potential ground water sourcing locations for the proposed project activities i.e. for site preparation and to fulfill domestic requirements of workers and availability of dug well/ bore well/ hand pumps that is being used as ground water source by the settlements residing in close proximity to the BMDE well site. A monitoring network consisting of 3 locations for groundwater was selected and representative sampling was carried out at each of the locations (Figure 3-8). The rationale for selecting these sampling locations has been incorporated in Table 3-5.

TABLE 3-5: GROUND WATER MONITORING LOCATION SELECTION CRITERIA Ground water Sampling location Rationale for selecting the sampling location sampling location ID BM Para GW1 BM Para is located in a moderately low, flat land than proposed BMDE location and also on the downhill slope; the ground water quality of that area is likely to be affected from activities associated to proposed BMDE well. During sampling it had been revealed that, this tube well supplies potable water throughout the year. The depth of this tube well was 40-50 ft. West Hawai Bari GW2 This sampling location is located near to proposed well location BMDE and on the downhill slope. During sampling it had been revealed that, this tube well supplies water throughout the year but the water was non-palatable as odor and as communicated by local people during consultation that higher level of iron was present. The depth of this tube well was 40- 50 ft. Khamtingbari GW3 This sampling location point is located near to well location BMDE. The sample was collected from Panchayat supply. This water was supplied to the community after iron removal.

So, a total of 3 nos. ground water samples were collected from wells, shallow and deep tube wells of the study area comprising of B.M. Para village, West Hawaibari village, and Khamtingbari village. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and results compared with IS: 10500 drinking water standards to identify and interpret any deviation in the statutory limits set for parameters under this standard. Details of these sampling locations have been showed in Figure 3-8 and for reference, the ground water quality results have been incorporated in Table 3-6.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 58 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Interpretation of Ground Water Quality Results Turbidity: Analysis of ground water showed that turbidity values for samples taken B.M. Para was within acceptable limit as per IS: 10500. However, turbidity values exceeded in sample taken from West Hawaibari (3.6 NTU) and Khamting Bari (2.4 NTU). However, ground water quality of all the aforesaid villages is within the permissible limit of standard. During ground water sampling, consultation with local villagers of West Hawaibari revealed that the water of tube well, where from the sample was taken, was not being used as drinking water due to presence of odor. Chlorides and Total Dissolve Solids: As per IS: 10500 standards, acceptable limit of chloride is 250 mg/l while the permissible limit of the said parameter (in absence of alternate source) is 1000 mg/l. However, with chloride concentration above 250 mg/l, the water will render a salty taste which may be considered as objectionable in terms of human consumption for drinking purpose. The chloride concentration in the ground water samples of the study area villages have been found to be well within the acceptable limit of stipulated standard (IS: 10500) ranging from 9.50 mg/l at Khamtingbari village to 45.59 mg/l at West Hawaibari village. The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in ground water is a measure of its suitability for domestic use. In general, TDS values at 500 mg/l or below is considered to be acceptable for drinking purpose being specified under IS: 10500 drinking water standard. The TDS values for the ground water samples analyzed vary in the range of 56 mg/l in B.M. Para village to 210 mg/l in Khamtingbari. Total Hardness: Hardness of water is considered to be an important parameter in determining the suitability of water for domestic uses particularly washing. Hardness of water is correlated to the presence of bivalent metallic ions viz. calcium and magnesium. Total hardness values for the ground water samples analyzed ranged between 25.2 mg/l at B.M. Para village to 134.40 mg/l at Khamtingbari. The acceptable limit for total hardness was 200 mg/l specified under IS: 10500. It indicates that results of total hardness analysis in ground water samples were within the acceptable limit. Moreover, the hardness values recorded at each ground water monitoring station was found to be in correlation with the calcium and magnesium ions analyzed for such samples. The concentration of calcium and magnesium ions was found to be within both acceptable and permissible limits specified for the aforesaid parameters as per IS: 10500 standards. Iron and Fluoride: Iron is considered to be an important ground water parameter since at higher concentration it interferes with laundering operations and imparts objectionable stains.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 59 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Analysis of ground water showed that iron values for samples taken from West Hawaibari (16.01 mg/lit) and Khamting Bari (1.91 mg/lit) have exceeded the acceptable limit as per standard i.e. 0.3 mg/lit. At West Hawaibari, consultation with local people during ground water sampling revealed that villagers were unable to use the tube well water for drinking purpose due to presence of iron. Moreover, it has been mentioned in Tripura Ground Water Information Booklet – North and South Tripura District, 2012 that iron as a chemical constituent is present in aquifer at more than permissible limit. High Iron content recorded at the groundwater is probably due to local geological features of the area. Fluoride contents in the ground water samples was found only in sample taken from West Hawaibari village ( 0.21 mg/lit) and it was in compliance to the acceptable and permissible limit (in absence of alternative source) of the potable drinking water standard of 1.0 mg/l and 1.5mg/l respectively. Heavy Metals: The monitoring results showed that the concentration of heavy metals is found to be within permissible limit as per IS: 10500 standards. Coliforms: Coliform are indicators of contamination from sewage and faecal matter. Coliforms were present in all collected samples and the presence in the concentration of <2 MPN/100 ml in samples taken from BM Para, 5 MPN/ 100 ml in sample taken from Khamtingbari; 32 MPN/100ml at West Hawaibari. However, faecal coliform were not detected in all the collected samples. Absence of faecal Coliform in the samples did conclusively reveal the absence of faecal contamination, though positive results of Coliform test values were recorded for all the samples. This could be attributed to the presence of non-cemented sewage channels near all the tube wells.The low coliform count in rivers can be attributed to the presence of flowing water.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 60 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 3-6: GROUNDWATER MONITORING RESULTS Required Permissible Limit In Sl. No. Test Parameters Unit (Acceptable The Absence Of BM Para West Hawaibari Khamtingbari Limit) Alternative Source Sample ID GW1 GW2 GW3 1. pH at 26⁰ C 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 6.52 6.72 7.07

2. Colour Hazen 5 15 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 3. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 4. Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1.0 3.6 2.4 Total Hardness as 5. mg/l 200 600 25.2 121.8 134.4 CaCO3 6. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 5.04 28.56 28.56 7. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 100 3.02 12.1 15.12 8. Alkalinity mg/l 200 600 8 124 140 9. Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250 1000 18.99 45.59 9.5

10. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200 400 <1.0 7.2 5.4

11. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 No relaxation 6.78 <0.5 <0.5 12. Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 13. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 - 0.16 16.01 1.91 14. Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0 1.5 <0.1 0.21 <0.1 15. Zinc as Zn mg/l 5 15 <0.02 <0.02 0.14 Phenolic 16. Compound as mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 C6H5OH 17. Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

SENES/K-20233/Aug 2015 61 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Required Permissible Limit In Sl. No. Test Parameters Unit (Acceptable The Absence Of BM Para West Hawaibari Khamtingbari Limit) Alternative Source Sample ID GW1 GW2 GW3 Hexavalent 0.05 (for Total 18. mg/l No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Chromium as Cr+6 Chromium) Total Dissolved 19. mg/l 500 2000 56 210 150 Solids Shall not be Total Coliform 20. (MPN/100ml) detectable in any - <2 32 5 Organism 100 ml sample Shall not be 21. Faecal coliform MPN/100ml detectable in any - Absent Absent Absent 100 ml sample

SENES/K-20233/Aug 2015 62 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-8: LOCATION OF GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER AND SOIL MONITORING LOCATIONS WITHIN BARAMURA GAS FIELD IN TRIPURA

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 63 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

3.1.8 Drainage The state of Tripura is gifted with surface water resources. Entire drainage system in the state of Tripura is rain-fed and ephemeral in nature. Surface run off during rainy season introduces water into dry or almost dry narrow streams from elevated land. Governed by the topographic gradient and soil types, these streams meet with other streams to form a canal or larger stream. Subsequently all such streams fall in a large river. All major rivers originate from hill ranges and show a typical drainage pattern called trellis drainage, except a few instances of dendrite pattern.

Drainage pattern of Baramura blocks: Out of ten major riverine system of Tripura, the study area is included under the catchment of two major rivers of Tripura namely Haora River and Khowai River. Ephemeral channels from North Baramura range are flowing from east to west as per the topography and meet with the main course of Haora River. On the other hand, ephemeral channels originated from eastern part of North Baramura ridge are coming under the watershed of Khowai River and discharges their content in the river by flowing from west to east, guided by gradient. A detail of these two rivers has been furnished in Table 3-7.

TABLE 3-7: MAJOR DRAINAGE PRESENT IN SIX ONGC GAS FIELD Annual Flow (in Name of Total Basin Origin and flow thousand cubic- the river area (sq-km) meter) Haora This river is approximately 70 km long and 570 36032 River18 originated from Baramura Range. The flow is from east to west towards Bangladesh. Agartala Dome block is located to the south of this river. Khowai This river is approximately 117 km long and 1378 115854 River originated from Longtharai Range. From there it flows towards North-west and then northerly via Khowai town to Bangladesh

All these rivers and their tributaries, narrow streams originated from elevated topography, are passing through the area having loamy soil. During monsoon season, the flow and the velocity of water in all theses ephemeral rivers increases and induces erosion along two banks of the river. During rain, surface run off from elevated topography carries huge amount of sand and other coarse particles to the river bed. The carrying capacity of the river channel gets decreased due to this and causes flood in these rivers. Sand carried by surface runoff during rainy season gets deposited on the fertile agricultural lands adjacent to river channel (Source: Forest Management Plan, 2012-2013). Drainage pattern prevail in Baramura gas blocks is as follows19:

18 State of Environment Report of Tripura, 2002;

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 64 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Baramura field: This block is located on Baramura-Deotamura ridge. During rainy season, surface runoff from hillocks and elevated landmass forms narrow streams. Theses narrow streams meet with each other and forms relatively larger stream which finally falls in the river. Stream and river originate from this block follows dendritic drainage pattern and their direction of flow is east to west. From the north-west part of this block, narrow streams form Dondra River. Another big river of the state, namely Haora River derives from two main rain-fed streams. At the west to the block, Dondra River meets as a tributary of Haora River. On the other hand, ephemeral streams from eastern slope of North Baramura ridge meets with Khowai river at eastern side of the field. Third order narrow rain-fed channels become either dry or almost stagnant during summer and the same has been observed during field visit. Irrigation canals serve as either third or second order stream and discharge their contents in the large rivers. The surface water channels within the field are primarily used for irrigation purpose – by making second order stream or water intake points, bathing purpose, washing of cloths and utensils and for catching fish. Surface run-off and discharge of drilling wastewater from the proposed wells located close to these channels have the potential to affect the water quality of these channels. The drainage map of the study area is presented in Figure 3-9

3.1.9 Surface water quality Primary monitoring of surface water quality was given importance during scoping of the EIA study as the effluent generated during the exploratory and development well drilling operations are likely to be discharged to nearby surface water bodies/natural drainage channels/rivers after ensuring that it meets prescribed norms of CPCB. Further, an effort has been made to establish the baseline quality of the existing major watersheds and sub watersheds (comprising the major drainage of the study area) to identify any possible contamination due to any current industrial activities.

Surface Water Sampling Points Surface water samples were collected from two surface water sampling locations. Location of BMDE well, direction of slope of the Baramura ONGC fields, micro as well as macro- water shed as well as drainage pattern, availability of surface water channel that are likely to be impacted from the discharge that may occur from BMDE well side or from the activities related to the development of this well side etc. were considered during selection of sampling points of surface water. Moreover, all the third order i.e. micro water channels are the part of local micro water shed as well as constituting units of major river’s watershed and are governed by the gradient and discharging their contents in relatively larger channels which finally meets with larger rivers or streams. Thus all the samples were collected from rivers

19 tsac.tripura.gov.in/tsac

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 65 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-9: DRAINAGE MAP OF BARAMURA GAS FIELDS IN TRIPURA

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 66 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura that had flow during sampling period. Representative samples were collected from Khowai River and from tributary of Haora River for surface water quality assessment. The rationale for selecting these sampling locations has been incorporated in Table 3-8.

TABLE 3-8: SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOCATION SELECTION CRITERIA Surface water Sampling sampling Rationale for selecting the sampling location location ID location Khowai River SW1 In the Boramura block, the ephemeral streams that belong to the near Teliamura watershed of river Khowai flows from west to east through Rail Bridge northern Baramura ridge. The proposed well will be located on the top of the ridge. It indicates that impact which will be exerted in this ephemeral streams from well development and operation activities will finally affect river Khowai. Thus it is important to know the current status of this river’s water quality. Moreover, all these streams are coming through agricultural land, before meeting with river Khowai. Major activity around sampling point is agriculture. Few brick fields are also located at the upstream of the sampling point. Tributory of SW2 In Boramura block, the ephemeral streams that are part of the Haora River water shed of Haora River are flowing from east to west through (Dhani River) northern Baramura ridge. It indicates that impact which will be exerted in this ephemeral streams from well development and operation activities will finally affect river Dhani – a major tributary of Haora river and eventually to river Haora. Thus it is important to know the water quality of this tributary. Few brick fields at upstream and unorganized bathing ghats at downstream of sampling location are present.

Water sampling and analysis20 was done following CPCB standard guidelines for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure 3-8. So, surface water samples were collected from all major water channels of the study area i.e. Khowai River, tributary of Haora River Samples were collected to understand the surface water quality of study area and to assess potential impact on them which may arise from well development. Surface water quality was finally assessed against water quality criteria as per CPCB guidelines for water resources. Results of surface water samples have been discussed below and incorporated in Table 3.9 for reference.

Interpretation of Surface Water Quality Results The pH of the surface water samples varied from 6.98-7.19, which could be attributed mainly due to the dissolved substances and the geology of the area. The DO levels at all the locations exhibited values ranging from 3.9-6.7 mg/l indicating favorable conditions for the growth and

20 http://www.cpcb.nic.in/latest/guidelines-water.doc

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 67 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura reproduction of normal population of fish and other aquatic organisms in the these river channels. BOD values in all the surface water samples were detected at concentration below 3.00 mg/l. Such low BOD values confirmed the presence of low concentrations of biochemically oxidizable organic matter in these river channels. The COD values of all the monitoring stations were ranged between less than 12 -16 mg/lit. The higher COD was found in the Tributary of Haora River i.e. in Dhani River. The higher value of COD can be attributed to the addition of agricultural runoff in the main river channel from adjacent areas. Electrical conductivity values of the samples ranged between 150 millisiemens/ cm in Dhani River to 201 millisiemens/ cm in Khowai River, which could be attributed mainly due to addition of runoff from the areas present on the either bank of river channel. Sodium Absorption Ratio varied between 0.60-0.69. Free ammonia contents of all the samples were found to be less than 0.1 mg/l. The total Coliform count of the surface water samples varied between 860 MPN/100ml in Dhani River (Tributary of Haora River) to 316 MPN/100ml Khowai River. The presence of contaminants in the form of oil and grease in all surface water sources was found to be negligible. Iron content in all the surface water sample varies from 3.10 mg/l in Khowai River to 4.08 mg/l in Tributary of Haora river i.e. in Dhani River whereas chromium content was found to be negligible (<0.01mg/l). The toxic organic component, phenol, was also found be below detectable limit (<0.001 mg/l) in all the surface water samples. Detailed surface water analysis results have been provided at Table 3-9. As discussed in the previous section the river from which samples were taken and analyzed were primarily used for irrigation, bathing, cleaning and for catching fish. The analyzed values of the samples after comparing with the CPCB Water Use Criteria (Anneure 3.3) justifies their use in compliance to water use criteria. It indicates that the water quality of these water channels conform the quality of - B Class of water i.e. suitable for outdoor bathing; C class of water i.e. the water of these river channel can be taken as drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection; D class of water i.e. suitable for fisheries and E class i.e. suitable for irrigation and industrial use.21

21 Central Pollution Control Board – Water Quality Criteria : http://cpcb.nic.in/Water_Quality_Criteria.php

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 68 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 3-9: SURFACE WATER QUALITY RESULTS SL. Khowai Near Tributory of Hoara Test Parameters Unit No. Teliamura ( Dhani River) Sample ID SW1 SW2 1. Temperature 0C 31 31.5 2. Free Ammonia mg/l <0.1 <0.1 3. pH at 260C - 7.19 6.98 4. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.7 3.9 5. BOD (3 days at 270C) mg/l 2.6 2.9 6. COD mg/l 12 16 7. Electrical Conductivity at µs/cm 201 150 250C 8. Sodium Absorption Ratio - 0.69 0.6 9. Boron as B mg/l <1.0 <1.0 10. Oil & Grease mg/l <1.4 <1.4 11. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 124.3 94 (TDS) 12. Total Suspended Solids mg/l 50.2 184.8 (TSS)

13. Dissolved Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.19 <0.15

14. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.23 0.54 15. Chlorides as Cl mg/l 7.6 11.4

16. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 5.6 5.4 17. Iron as Fe mg/l 3.1 4.08 18. Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.1 <0.1 19. Phenolic compound as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 C6H5OH 20. Total Coliform Organism MPN/100ml 316 860

3.1.10 Land-Use and Land Cover The landuse and landcover of each of the study area is given below. Toposheet (1:250000 scale), Sattelite imagery and field based ground truthing was interpreted to assess the landuse and landcover of each Field (Figure 3.10 and 3.11).

Boramura Field A total of 158.77 sq.km (98.50%) land lies in Boramura-Deabatamura Reserve Forest. Land under settlement is 1.43sq.km (0.89%). This hill ranges forms a source for several first order stream that are mostly seasonal. A road network connecting with NH-44 forms the major

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 69 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura lifeline through this Field covering an area of 0.46 sq.km (0.28%). Waterbodies are scarce and distributed 0.194 sq km (0.12%) of land across the Field. A railway track runs through 0.11sq km of the Field. The land is dotted with Brick Fields comprising an area of 0.021sq km (0.01%).The presence of agriculture is low, covering only 0.012 sq. km (0.01%).

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 70 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-10: PERCENTAGE LAND USE-LAND COVER DISTRIBUTION OF BARAMURA FIELD

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 71 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-11: PERCENTAGE OF LANDCOVER DISTRIBUTION OF BORAMURA FIELD

3.1.11 Soil Quality High rainfall in Tripura induces chemical weathering of rocks and acts as one of the main factors of soil formation. However, heavy rain also causes rapid erosion of soil and bed rocks. The soil type of the state of Tripura can be classified in five major groups. They are reddish yellow brown sandy soils, red loam and sandy loam soils, older alluvial soils, younger alluvial soils and lateritic soils. Among these soil categories, reddish yellow brown sandy soil covers approximately 33 percent of the total geographic area and distributed along north- south axis of Tripura. Red loam and sandy loam soil covers 43.07 percent of total soil cover in state of Tripura. This soil type is associated with forest ecosystem and rich in nutrients. Older alluvial soil type covers 10 percent of total soil cover in Tripura and found mainly in river terraces and in high plains. Approximately 9 percent of the state’s soil cover is constituted by younger alluvial soil. This type of soil is confined to the flood plains of river such as Khowai, Gumti etc. This nutrient rich soil type is composed of clay loam and loam. Approximately 5 percent of the state’s total soil cover comes under “lateritic soil” which is very poor in nutrient content. This can be recognized along the western boundary of the state of Tripura. Soils of Tripura have been grouped into five soil reaction classes viz. extremely acidic (<4.5 pH)-10%, very strongly acidic (4.6-5.0)-26%, strongly acidic (5.1-5.5) - 54% and medium (5.6-6.0)-8% and slightly acidic (6.1-6.5)-2%.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 72 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Soil characteristic of Baramura gas fields: Soil of ONGC gas field namely Baramura field is very strongly acidic (pH ranges from 4.6 to 5.5). This area is constituted by loamy soils. It indicates that texture of soil of all the fields includes very fine sand and finer textures of clay. Predominant soil-sub groups present in this field is – deep fine loamy soil with either fine sand or coarse particles and has clay fraction of 18 -35 percent (by wt.); deep to moderately deep loamy skeletal soil with particles having size of > 2 mm (35 to 90 percent by wt.). Cultivation of other crops, fruits and vegetables is in practice in moderately flat narrow agricultural lands as well as in gentle hill slopes and on flat hill top area. ‘Jhum’ cultivation is in practice in hill slopes but in small patches. In the state of Tripura, agricultural land is present only in the narrow valleys and thus of great importance. Implementation of the proposed project activity may lead to the temporary change/loss of soil fertility at the drilling site. The understanding of soil quality therefore assumes significance considering the block soil fertility characteristics and also given the responsibility of the proponent to restore the site back to its original condition following decommissioning. Therefore effort has been made to establish the soil quality of this ONGC gas fields especially the area that is present at the neighborhood of proposed BMDE well through primary monitoring study as discussed in the section below

Primary Soil Sampling and Analysis The soil characteristics within the study area, especially the physical quality and fertility of the soil have been characterized by analyzing the representative soil samples collected from two locations. Out of these two representative soil samples, one was collected from forest land and one from pineapple and other fruit plantation area. The soil sampling locations for the proposed BMDE ONGC well were selected on the basis of existing land cover within the block. The rationale of selecting soil sampling locations has been incorporated in Table 3-10 and sampling locations is shown in Figure 3-8.

TABLE 3-10: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION SELECTION CRITERIA Sampling Soil sampling Block Name location Rationale for selecting the sampling location location ID Khamting Bari Boramura S1 Fruit farming in small patches was observed (Pineapple during field visit. These small fruit farming plantation) locations are present in all portions of this block. To assess the soil quality of the fruit farming areas near to this proposed well location , this sampling point was selected. Khamting Bari S2 Major portion of this block comes under forest (Forest land) land. To know the soil quality of the forest land of this block, sample had been collected.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 73 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Interpretation of Soil Analysis Results

Soil Quality of Forest Land The texture of soil sample collected from Forest Lands located at Khamtingbari was clayey and with sand percentage of 14.9% and the silt percentage was 7.5. The clay percentage is much higher in Khamtingbari 77.6 % and the pH level of this representative sample was 4.85 which indicate the acidic nature of soil. The nitrogen content of this sample was 285.36 mg/kg and this can be attributed to presence of thick decomposed to semi-decomposed litters on the forest soil. The EC value of this soil samples were 61.19 microsiemens/cm. The micronutriens like iron was found in sample taken from Khamtingbari was 10.95 mg/kg; concentration of copper was 5.16 mg/kg; concentration of zinc was 37.74 mg/kg; concentration of manganese was 341.9 mg/kg. It indicates that this forest soils are extremely rich in manganese and other micro nutrients which can be attributed to the nature of regional geology. The total organic carbon value in soil samples taken from Khjamtingbari was 1.33 %. The SAR values of the samples collected from Khamtingbari was 0.045.

3.1.12 Soil Quality of Pineapple Plantation Area Fruit farming on moderate slopes of small hillocks present in Baramura block is being practiced not only for daily consumption but also as a part of livelihood. Banana, pineapples are two mostly common fruits that are being cultivated in this area side by side. Texture wise this soil was clayey in nature with 70.8 % of clay and 13.5 % of sand content. pH of this soil was 4.96 which indicates acidic nature of soil and suitability for pineapple plantation instead of it’s clayey nature22. The conductivity of the soil was 19.48 microsiemens/cm and available nitrogen content was 460.88 mg/kg. The levels of other cations in this sample were: Calcium - 419.87 mg/kg, Magnesium – 314.91 mg/kg and lower Sodium – 40 mg/kg. Chloride value of this soil was 398.86 mg/kg. Level of micronutrients in this soil sample such as iron was 315.05 mg/kg, copper was 27.16 mg/kg, zinc was 7.58 mg/kg and manganese was 744.47 mg/kg. SAR value for this soil sample was 0.089mg/kg. Detailed soil quality analysis results have been provided at Table 3.11 and provided in Table 3.11 for reference.

TABLE 3-11: SOIL ANALYSIS RESULT

Khamting Bari (Pineapple Khamting Bari LOCATION plantation area) (Forest Land)

Sample ID S1 S2 Parameter Unit Texture Clay Clay Moisture % 23.74 21.09

22 http://www.pineappleindia.com/Pineapple-Farming.html

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 74 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Khamting Bari (Pineapple Khamting Bari LOCATION plantation area) (Forest Land)

Sample ID S1 S2 Parameter Unit Sand % 13.5 14.9 Silt % 15.7 7.5 Clay % 70.8 77.6 OM % 2 2.29 Sp.Gravity 2.26 2.31 pH(I:2.5) at 26 deg c 4.96 4.85 EC(1:2.5) at 25 deg c us/cm 19.48 61.19 Av.N mg/kg 460.88 285.36 Av.P mg/kg 8.38 <3 Av.K mg/kg 160 80 Ca mg/kg 419.87 419.79 Mg mg/kg 314.91 314.84 Cl mg/kg 398.86 66.48 SO4 mg/kg 55.15 17.1 TOC % 1.16 1.33 Fe mg/kg 315.05 10.95 Cu mg/kg 27.16 5.16 Zn mg/kg 7.58 37.74 Pb mg/kg 5.2 <5 Mn mg/kg 744.47 341.9 B mg/kg <0.25 <0.25 Na mg/kg 40 20 SAR 0.089 0.045

3.1.13 Natural Hazards Natural hazards such as earth quake, flood, drought, cyclone etc. cause destruction of human life and properties. A natural calamity and disaster during the life cycle of the project may exert significant effects on the project activity, project function and also inhibits the availability of resources for the project. The access to the project site may also get disturbed through disruption of transportation links. Major natural calamities pertaining to the state of Tripura are furnished below:

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 75 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Seismicity & Earthquakes The State of Tripura comes under the most severe seismic zone in the country, namely, Zone V of seismic Zoning Map of India (Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2000). A large number of moderate to large magnitude earthquakes have occurred within the State boundary as well as within 100 km distance around it. Major and significant earth quakes have been furnished in Table 3-1223:

TABLE 3-12: SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKES OF TRIPURA Date/ Year Location of Remarks of Quake Epicentre within 18 km of An earth quake of M 7.5 occurred, caused massive destruction in the district town permanent infrastructures and lives. The old royal palace at 1869 of Dharmanagar Udaypur got destroyed form this earth quake. An earthquake took place in the state and adjacent areas of which In Shillong magnitude M 8.7. This was one of the most powerful earthquakes 12th June Plateau, near in the Indian sub-continent. The quake wreaked havoc across the 1897 Rangjoli, Assam present states of Tripura, Assam and Meghalaya. Srimangal area experienced an earth quake with a magnitude of M 1918 N.A. 7.6 1930 Dubri An earth quake took place with a magnitude of M 7.1 An earth quake hit mainly the northern part of Tripura and it was originated from Indo-China boarder region. The magnitude of this 15th Indo-China earth quake was 8.5 Richter. It was the 6th Largest earth quake of Aug,1950 Border Region 20th century. An Earthquake of magnitude 6.3 Richter occurred within North Tripura district caused damage to the buildings and other 1950 N.A. infrastructures According to the records of the Indian Meteorological Department, 1970 to 41 earthquakes of 5.6 or lower magnitude have occurred within the 2000 N.A. coordinates 23.00º-25.00ºN and 91.00º-93.00ºE

23 Source: 1. Tripura Disaster Management Authority, Tripura India http://tdma.nic.in/V_EARTHQUACK.htm

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 76 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Date/ Year Location of Remarks of Quake Epicentre 2013 In the state of little tremor felt in the southern part of the state and the epicenter Mizoram of which was located at Mizoram

It indicates that all the proposed well will be located in one of the most severe seismically active zones of the country.

Flood: 750 km2 of land area of Tripura is considered to be flood prone. Nearly all the rivers are rain- fed and are prone to flood. The State is bestowed with a relatively high average annual rainfall of 192.724 cm with average number of rainy days at 92. Normally rain arrives in the State in late April and continues up to October. However, the intensity of rainfall increases during the months of June to September. Higher rainfall, that occurs during this period causing floods in low lying areas and erosion of land. Tripura, in the past witnessed worst form of disasters by disruption of means of communications caused due to damage of roads and bridges and also blockage of roads due to landslides. Flash flood is also a common phenomenon during rainy season. The Flood zones of Tripura have been shown in the figure 3-1125. In last twenty years two major flood events occurred in the state of Tripura – One in 1999 and another in 2004 causing huge economic loss. The Historic records of major flood events have been incorporated in Table 3-13.

TABLE 3-13: FLOOD HISTORY OF TRIPURA26 Year Affected Areas Total Damage 1999 South Tripura, Gomati, Sipahijala, and West Tripura 498.50 million INR districts 2004 Two flood events occurred in June and September, N.A. 2004.Entire state of Tripura, especially Gomati and South Tripura and North Tripura

It has revealed from the Flood Hazard Maps of Tripura in State Disaster Management Plan (Draft) 2012-13 prepared by Tripura Disaster Management Authority and Revenue Dept, Govt. of Tripura that the proposed well BMDE will be located in flood prone area of the North Baramura Range and likelihood of experiencing flash flood is present.

24 Tripura State Disaster Management Authority . http://tdma.nic.in/V_Flood.htm 25 State Disaster Management Plan (Draft) 2012-2013

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 77 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Drought: Drought is an infrequent calamity in the state. However, it normally occurs in the State of Tripura due to delayed rainfall in the months of April-May. Deficient rainfall in those months results scarcity of drinking water as ground water level go down. The impact of dry spell hampers most on agricultural activities. It also adversely affects the Pisciculture, Sericulture and Tea plantations resulting to production loss in these sectors. Some historic draught events occurred in the state of Tripura has been furnished below: Induced27 by extremely low rainfall, drought occurred in the year 1988 and in the year 1999. Summer vegetables, paddy, sesamum, maize, etc were among the crops that had been damaged. Most affected districts were West Tripura, South Tripura and Gomati District.

3.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Introduction The proposed development well is located in namely Baramura Field of Tripura. This gas field is located in Khowai district of Tripura. The State is located in the Bio-geographic zone of 9B-North-East Hills and is extremely rich in bio-diversity, which is getting increasingly threatened. Situated in the Indian sub-region of Oriental Zoo-geographic region, local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with floral and faunal components of Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The primary objectives of the biological environment study are:  Assess the vegetation types  Identify common flora & fauna in the study area  Ascertain Rare and endangered floral and faunal species (if any)  Evaluate wildlife habitat of the area and assess impact of the proposed project on wildlife & their habitats.  Assess impact of the proposed project on agriculture and domestic livestock.

3.2.2 Methodology

Desktop Review and Reconnaissance Survey A desktop review (published document, etc.) was conducted to determine the forest area (Toposheet and Satellite imagery), vegetation type (Champion and Seth, 1962), floral and faunal assemblage in the study area. A site reconnaissance visit was conducted on 27th to 30th March 2014 to identify different ecological habitats, sensitive ecological habitat and also to identify the targeted study area for baseline survey.

27 Droughts: http://www.tripurainfo.com/info/ATripura/Natural-Disasters.htm

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 78 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Baseline Survey Baseline survey was carried out to determine the existing ecological conditions and was designed to fill any data gaps, and to facilitate an adequate assessment of the project’s impacts upon ecology and the development of appropriate mitigation measures. Baseline survey was conducted on 24th to 28th April, 2014 for habitat survey, flora & faunal assemblage, in the study area. Baseline survey has two part- (i) Secondary data collection and (ii) Primary Survey.

Secondary Data Collection Secondary baseline data regarding sensitive ecological habitat (National Park, Sanctuary, Ecological Sensitive Area, Migratory Corridor, etc.), flora & fauna in the study area, forest cover was collected from Forest Working Plans; and other publish and unpublished documents. Stakeholder consultations (Forest Department, Local People, Panchayat, etc) were also carried out to understand the major flora & fauna in the study area, pressure on forest resources, presence of any Schedule I species.

Field Survey Primary survey was carried out the targeted study area for habitat (terrestrial and aquatic), floral and faunal survey (terrestrial and aquatic). Special attention was paid to those areas, which will be directly impacted by proposed well drilling activities.

3.2.3 Terrestrial Ecosystem

Forest Resources The recorded forest area of the state is 6294 sq km, which constitutes 60.02% of its geographical area. The Reserved Forest (RF) constitute 66.33%, Protected Forest (PF) 0.03% and Unclassed Forest constitute 33.64%28. The forest cover in the state, based on interpretation of satellite imagery of January 2009 is 7977 sq. km which is 76.04% of the total geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the state has very dense forest 1.04%, moderately dense forest 44.67%, open forest 30.33%, scrub 0.69% and non- forest 23.27%29.

Forest Land for Proposed Activity The well lies in the vegetated land of Boramura-Debatamura Reserve Forest. Shannon Wiener Index: To analyse the Phytosociological significance of the study area, the primary baseline survey was carried in Boramura Debatamura Reserved Forest. The phyto- sociological analysis was only conducted for tree species.

28 FSI, 2011 29 FSI 2011

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 79 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

The major tree species recorded from these forests were Schima wallichii , Shorea robusta, Terminalia bellirica, Litsea cubeba, Swietenia maagoni, Syzygium cumini, Albizia procera, Cassia fiustula etc. To enumerate the Important Value Index (IVI) of the exclusive tree species recorded from the Reserved Forest, Relative Frequency; Relative Abundance; Relative Density were calculated. The results from the analysis from the Reserve Forest are presented in Annexure 3.4 From the analysis, it is found that, Schima wallichii has the highest IVI index in Boramura Debatamura RF with 22.8 followed by Shorea robusta 13.4, Artocarpus chaplasha 11.8, Litsea cubeba with 11.5 and Terminalia bellirica 10.2. From the analysis it was drawn that Schima wallichii, Terminalia species and Albizia species are the most valuable tree species in this forest area. The Shannon-Wiener Index (H) provides the status of how evenly the species are distributed as wells as it gives clear picture of the abundance of the species in a particular community. The higher “H” values states the more diverse communities. From the above analysis the value of “H” found to be 3.8. It indicates that the presence of a variety of species uniformly in this Reserved Forest. Blessed with high rainfall, humidity and nutrient rich soils, the forests of the State usually are in very high productivity zones in terms of species diversification.

Floral Diversity in the Field Important flora in the gas field are Schima wallichi, Syziguim cuminii, Albizia procerra, Artocarpas chaplasa, Lagerstromia parviflora, Alstonia scholaris, Dillenia pentagyna, careya arborea, Lannea grandis, Amoora wallichii, Cedrella toona, Sapium baccatum, Trewia nudiflora, Grewia microcos, Odina wodier, Garuga pinnata, etc. Bamboo: Bamboo plays a very vital role in the economy of the State as it serves the artisan & non-artisan users of the state. A total of 19 species of bamboo are reported in the state. Species of bamboo found in Tripura are Barak (Bambusa balcooa), Bari (Bambusa polymorpha), Mritinga (Bambusa tulda), Muli (Melocanna baccifera), Kai (Bambusa nutans), Paora (Bambusa teres), Rupai (Dendrocalamus longispathus), Dolu (Neohuzeaua dullooa), Makal (Bambusa pallida), Pecha (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), Kailyai (Oxytenanthera nigrociliata), Kanak kaich (Bambusa offinis), Lanthi bans (Dendrocalamus strictus), Tetua (Bambusa spp.), Ish (Bambusa spp.), Jai (Bambusa spp.), Bombash (Bambusa spp.), Sairil/Wadu bamboo (Melocalamus compactiflorus), Bosai (Bambusa spp.) Muli and Mrittika Bamboo are found abundantly in Boramura Field. Cane: A total of six (6) cane species are reported from Tripura (C. viminalis, C. floribundus, C. tenuis, C. leptospadix, C. guruba, C. erectus). However, no estimates on the existing growing stock of aforesaid cane species are available. Medicinal plants resource: Tripura has one of the oldest, richest & most diverse cultural traditions associated with use of medical plants. There are large number of village based herbal medicines practitioners who have traditional knowledge of herbal home remedies of ailments & nutrition. So far about 266 species of medicinal plants (68 trees, 39 shrubs, 71 herbs and 88 climbers) have been identified and documented

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 80 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Plant Diversity: During the terrestrial plant survey, about 151 numbers of plant species was recorded, which includes trees, bamboos, canes, shrubs, herbs, climbers, grasses & reeds. The detailed listing of floral species recorded in the study area is given in Annexure 3.5

Endemic, Threatened & Endangered Floral Species The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 prohibits picking, uprooting, damaging, destroying, acquiring or collecting six species of plants from forest land and any area specified, by notification, by the Central Government [Clause 17A of Chapter IIIA (Protection of Specified Plants), page 346 of Handbook Vol. 1]. The six species are: Beddome’s cycad (Cycas beddomei), Blue Vanda (Vanda coerulea), Kuth (Sassurea lappa), Ladies slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum spp.), Pitcher plant (Nepenthes khasiana), Red Vanda (Rananthera imshootiana). The research on status of flora identifying 379 species of trees, 320 shrubs, 581 herbs, 165 climbers, 16 climbing shrubs, 35 ferns, 45 epiphytes and 4 parasites (Total 1,545 taxa) reveal that there are 50 plants species restricted to Tripura and its neighbouring States. Out of them 7 are endemic and 18 are rare plants. Angiopteris evecta, a fern and Gnetum montanum, a giant climber belonging to Gymnosperm are two rare species but occur in profusely in Trishna Sanctuary. Primitive and endangered tree ferns (Cyathia spp.), are found in South Tripura. There are 24 species of orchids of which and Dendrobium has the highest species diversity (14 species). Endangered orchids like Blue vanda (Vanda caerulea) and Red vanda (Renunthera imschootiana) are found in the state. None of these species is recorded in the proposed well sites during the EIA.

Wildlife Habitat A habitat survey was carried out in Baramura field. This region is home to a number of various mammalian fauna like Gaur, Golden langur, Leopard, Golden Cat, Sloth bear, Hollock Gibbon, slow loris, capped langur, Phayre’s langur, stump-tailed macaquae and pig- tailed macaque, Sambar, Barking deer, etc. Wildlife in Tripura is given protection through a network 4 Wildlife Sanctuaries namely Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS), Gumti WLS, Trishna WLS and Roa WLS. Boramura field doesnit lie within ten kilometer of any wildlife sanctuary. Important Bird Area (IBA): The State has four wildlife sanctuaries, namely Gumti, Trishna, Sipahijala and Roa. Only two protected areas are identified as IBAs, Gumti and Trishna. Out of which only Trishna IBA is located within 10 km of Gojalia field. Tripura is one of the states of India where very little is known about birds. It is a completely Data Deficient State. Both the IBAs fall in the Eastern Himalayas Endemic Bird Area (EBA 130) (Stattersfield, et al. 1998).

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 81 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Twenty one birds are listed in this EBA as restricted range species. Many species are likely to occur in Gumti and Trishna wildlife sanctuaries. Two threatened birds, the White Winged Duck Cairina scutulata and the Green Peafowl Pavo muticus were reportedly present in the part; however, there is no recent report (A. U. Choudhury pers. comm. 2004). He has reported only one vulnerable species, the Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus and two near threatened species- Datar (Anhinga melanogaster) and Great Pied Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) in IBA.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 82 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 3-12: ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY MAP

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 83 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Elephant Habitat; A small herd of nine elephants occurs in Tilbhum, Longai and Patharia hill Reserved Forests of southern Assam, adjoining area of Tripura and Bangladesh (Sylher area). There are no elephant habitat within 10km of the Boramura Field. Primate Habitat: Seven primate species have been documented in Tripura out of a total 15 found in India. Of these primates slow loris and stumped tailed monkeys have become rare. Phayre’s leaf monkey (locally known as ‘Chashma Banar’), has a very restricted distribution in India, and is found in the Boramura Field of Tripura Carnivores: The lesser carnivores like, jungle cat (Felis chaus) the large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), the Indian fox (Vulpes bengalensis), the common mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) etc. was reported in the Field. Faunal Diversity Mammals: Mammals within the study area are represented by 18 species of mammals. The checklist of mammals in the study area is given in Annexure 3.6 There is no record of large herbivores and large carnivores in the oil fields. Among mammalian species, Langures, Bear, Jackal, Pangolin, Wild Boar, Jungle Cat, Indian Civet Cat, Fishing Cat, etc are reported in the oil fields. Avifauna: Avifauna in the study area are represented by Grey-bellied Tesia, Blyth’s Kingfisher, Bluethroated Barbet, Bay Woodpecke, Maroon Oriole, Black-naped Oriole, Grey Treepie, Black-winged Cuckoo Shrike, Short-billed Minivet, White-throated Bulbu, Black Bulbul and Grey Peacock Pheasant, Lesser Adjutant Stork, White Winged Wood duck, White cheeked Hill Partridge, Black-browed Leaf Wabler, Green Imperial Pigeon, Purple wood or Pale capped Pigeon etc. A total of 45 species of avi-fauna were recorded from the forest area. The detailed checklist of avi-fauna in has been presented in Annexure 3.7 Herpitofauna: Review of available literature J. Majumder, et al., (2012)30 reported 55 species of herpetofauna belonging to 39 genera and 15 families from Tripura. Out of which, 18 species were snakes, 17 species of lizards, 3 species of turtles and 17 species of amphibians. Twenty six species are new record for the state. Twenty four species were enlisted in IUCN Red List category. The study also mentioned about the threats to herpetofauna. Major threats for herpetofauna of the state were the jhum cultivation in the hilly areas, forest destruction for fodder and fuel wood collections, habitat fragmentation, illegal logging, hunting for ethno medicinal preparations, excessive use of agrochemicals and pesticides in agricultural fields. In addition elimination of forested areas and extensive rubber plantation

30 Joydeb Majumder, et al, 2013, Documentation of herpetofaunal species richness in Tripura, northeast India, NeBIO, Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2012, 60-70

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 84 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura throughout the state of Tripura will pose threat to the herpetofauna due to modification of their foraging and breeding grounds. In the study area 11 species of reptiles and 6 species of amphibian was reported. The detailed checklist of reptiles and amphibians has been presented in Annexure 3.8 and 3.9 respectively.

Endemic, Endangered & Threatened Fauna The non- forest area and forest area form the habitat of some endangered and threatened species which are listed in the Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and amendment in 1991. About 10 species of Schedule I species were recorded from the study area. (Refer Table 3.15).

TABLE 3-14: SCHEDULED ANIMAL SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREA

Wildlife Schedule Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name A. Schedule I

A.1 : Mammals

A.1.1 Felis bengalensis Leopard Cat

A.1.2 Felis marmorata Marbled Cat

A.1.3 Felis temmincki Golden Cat

A.1.4 Helarctos malayanus Sun Bear

A.1.5 Manis pentadactyla aurita Chinese Pangolin

A.1.6 Nycticebus coucang Slow Loris

A.1.7 Panthera pardus Leopard

A.1.8 Prebystis pileatus Capped Langur

A.2 Birds

A.2.1 Anthracocerus albirustris Indian pied hornbill

A.2.2 Bucerus bicornis Great pied hornbill

3.2.4 Aquatic Ecosystem

Aquatic Habitat There are numerous rivers and streams of Tripura support a rich diversity of inland wetland habitats. According to the National Wetland Atlas, Tripura there are 432 Wetlands in Tripura covering an area of 14559 ha. These wetlands vary in site from 2.5 ha. and above. All these wetlands falls in following 6 (six) categories- Lakes/ponds, Oxbow lakes, Waterlogged

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 85 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

(seasonal), Reservoirs, Tanks and Waterlogged31. Besides the above wetlands, there are large numbers of water harvesting structures in different Forest Divisions which also qualify as wetland areas. These wetlands also support diverse birds and fish species. There are no lakes, reservoirs in the oil fields. Following aquatic ecological groups has been studied.

Macrophytes Aquatic vegetation is observed in pond, cut-off meanders, waterlogged, tank/pond wetland types. The most dominant macrophytes are Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Ipomea aquatica, Lemna minor, Najas graminea, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia natans, Trapa natans, Typha angustifolia, Utricularia striatula and vallisneria spiralis. A total of 25 species of aquatic macrophytes were recorded from these aquatic ecosystems (Annexure 3.10).

Fishes & Fisheries Fish is widely available in the still (Bills / Ponds) and flowing water bodies (Rivers/Nalas), reservoir of this region. Freshwater fish species in the wetlands of Tripura has been well represented. More than 47 species have been reported from the Lakes/ponds, Oxbow lakes, Waterlogged (seasonal), Reservoirs, Tanks and Waterlogged, commercially important among them being Aorichthys aor, Channa marulius, C. punctatus, Mastacembelus pancalus, M. guentheri, Puntius stigma, P. ticto, P. sarana, Xenentodon cancila, Amblypharyngodon mola, Chanda ranga, Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus, Notopterus notopterus, Tor tor and Labeo gonius. Besides, the Indian and exotic carps, viz., Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio, have been introduced successfully in the reservoir. Catla-rohu and rohu-catla hybrids are also reported from the reservoir. 35 species of fishes were reported from the study area that is given in Annexure 3.11.

3.2.5 Agricultural Diversity Most of the rural poor living in and around the forest is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. The terrain of Tripura consists of hilly land (tillas) and flat lands (Lungas). Most of the rice cultivation takes place in the lunga lands that may extended to the forest areas. Among the tribal population occupying the forest for centuries jhuming or shifting cultivation has become social custom. The major cropping systems of these districts are rice based cropping system, plantation based cropping system, horticultural crop based cropping system and forest. Rice is grown mainly as mono crop or double crop, rice in sequence with vegetable / oilseed. There are systems of intercropping like areca nut, banana, pineapple, potato, French bean etc. The

31 National Wetland Atlas, Tripura; Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, 2010

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 86 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura district is suitable for growing fruits like areca nut, banana, pineapple, jackfruits, guava and citrus.

3.2.6 Livestock Livestock like cattle, buffalo, goat sheep, duck, and pig are reared for dairy products, meat, egg and for agriculture purpose. Majority of cattle and buffalo are local variety. Backyard poultry farms are mostly common in this area; however, some commercial poultry farms are also recorded in the district. Livestock use agriculture field during the off-season as a seasonal grazing field, and their source of drinking water is surface water (ponds and stream). As the proposed drilling site is in forest area and there is no water body, therefore due to the proposed project there will be no direct impact on domesticated animals. But due to discharge of waste water from the drilling activity the nearby surface water (stream) that may get chemically polluted and affect one of the drinking water resources for domesticated animals

3.3 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT A socio economic assessment of the positive and negative impacts on the people likely to be directly and indirectly affected by the project was conducted along with other studies during the EIA. The assessment facilitated an understanding of the needs, demands, preferences, capacities and constraints of the people in the vicinity of the project operation. It was undertaken primarily to enhance the understanding of other relevant factors such as social organizations and networks, livelihood patterns, social infrastructure etc. The assessment attempts to predict and evaluate future impacts of project upon people, their physical and psychological health and well-being, their economic facilities, cultural heritage, lifestyle and other value system and also helped in prioritizing ONGC’s commitment towards the CSR initiatives. Inputs from the social assessment into the design phase facilitated in:  Tracking potential adverse effects over different time frames and different activities  Reviewing options to eliminate such negative impacts through design changes or mitigate them through specific social protection or mitigation measures  Reviewing options to extend or enhance benefits for the population in the vicinity of the project site. This section deals with the baseline socio-economic environment of the proposed development well i.e. BMDE in Boramura Gas Field, in the State of Tripura with respect to ONGC’s proposed development well drilling activity. The following section discusses the methodology used for the socio-economic assessment. The subsequent sections discuss the baseline profile of the district and the villages within the study area. The information provided has been primarily derived from the secondary sources (Census of India). In addition primary information was also collected during the discussions at the villages with the local community members. The village-wise secondary data (obtained from Census,

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 87 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

2011) has been taken into consideration for analyzing the socio-economic profile in a comparative manner for the six gas field.

3.4 METHODOLOGY The social assessment was primarily based on the analysis of the secondary data obtained from the census survey 2011 and Community consultations. Following tools were used for gathering information and validating secondary data after considering nature of project operation and understanding the demographic characteristic of the area:

Study Area Demarcation The local communities which would primarily be affected were identified based on the location of the tentative drilling operations as proposed by ONGC. The villages were selected within 1-2 km radius of the proposed well location considering the fact that there might be potential impacts on the socio-economic-cultural and environment of the local communities residing in these villages. For further assessment of socioeconomic issues and impacts on different stakeholders, detailed consultations with the community were planned in these villages. The discussions focused on the issues of population/demography, education profile, medical facilities and amenities like drinking water, transport and communication and also on primary and secondary occupation of the villagers.

Community Consultations Consultations with community are a continuous process that was carried in the EIA process and would be continued during the construction and operation phases of the project. Issues like land and resource damage, social disturbance, severance and increased congestion, noise and air pollution, employment opportunities, need for development of basic infrastructure, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities in the villages located in 1-2 Km periphery were discussed during the consultations so that they can be adequately addressed through the environment management plans. The consultations also helped in developing preliminary understanding of the requirement of social development initiatives, which are required in the project village and may be undertaken as part of the ONGC’s CSR activity.

3.5 GENERAL SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE This EIA deals with one proposed development well i.e. BMDE in Boramura Gas field located in West Tripura District of state of Tripura. Tripura is the 2nd smallest state in terms of area, but the 2nd most populous state in the North Eastern Region. Although the state is small with a population of only over three million, the social composition of the population of Tripura is diverse. In particular, around one-third of the population comprises people belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. For administrative convenience and decentralization of power Tripura which had once been a single district only is now divided into altogether eight districts, twenty three subdivisions and forty five rural development blocks. Besides, a special feature of the state is the vibrant

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 88 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura existence of an Autonomous District Council (ADC) for tribal based on 6th schedule of the Indian constitution. The ADC in Tripura encompasses 68.10% of the state's total geographical territory.

Tribal of Tripura Tripura a hilly State in the North-Eastern region of India is the homeland of different tribes. Altogether there are 19(nineteen) tribes in the State. They could be divided into 2(two) major groups as (i) Ab-original and (ii) Immigrants. All the aboriginal tribes have been migrated in this territory from a place in-between Tibbet, up hills of Burma like Arakan Hills Tracts and Shan State and adjacent to China. Aboriginal tribes are Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Noatia, Lusai, Uchai, Chaimal, Halam, Kukis, Garos, Mog and Chakma. Other tribes like Bill, Munda, Orang, Santal, Lepcha, Khasia, Bhutias are the immigrant tribes came and settled here for economic reasons. Most of them are Central Indian Tribes and came from Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. Some of these tribes are however Northern-Frontier tribes came from Bhutan, Meghalaya, Sikkim and North Bengal. Chakmas and Mogs are Arakan Tribes entered Tripura through Chittagang Hills Tracts. Linguistically tribes of Tripura could be divided into 3(three) groups (i) Bodo Groups, (ii) Kuki-Chin Groups and (iii) Arakan Groups. Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Uchai and Noatias are Mongoloid tribes and belong to Bodo linguistic group of tribes. Kukis, Lusai and most of the tribes under Halam tribes are linguistically belongs to Kuki-Chin group and speak in Kuki- chin language. Mog and Chakmas speak in Arakan Language. By religion, most of the Tripura tribes follow Hinduism. But Lusai-Kukis are mostly Christian. Chakmas and Mogs follow Buddhism. As of 2011 Census, the state had 3,671,032 residents with a density of 350 persons per sq. km., constituting 0.3% of the country's population. Scheduled tribes, form about 30 per cent of Tripura's population. The Kokborok-speaking Tripuri people are the major group among 19 tribes and many subtribes; Bengali people form the ethno-linguistic majority in Tripura. Together with the neighboring nation of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, it makes up the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The population of the state has increased at the decadal growth rate of 14.8% between 2001-2011whereas Total number of Households increased from 664334 in 2001 to 855556 in 2011 (increased by 28.8%). The 2001 Census represents the sex ratio of Tripura is 960 (in 2001 it was 948), all India it is 943. The Schedule Cast Population is 17.8% of total population. Sex ratio was 962 in 2001 now in 2011 is 959 and the Schedule Tribe Population is 31.8% of total Population. Sex ratio was 970 in 2001 now in 2011 it is 983 (for rural 982 and urban 1017). Sate literacy rate is 87.22% (against 73.19% in 2001) 4th in India. Male-Female Literacy gap is decreased significantly. Female literacy increased from 64.9 in 2001 to 82.7 in 2011. 40% of total populations in Tripura are workers. Total workers increases by 26.7% (1159561 in 2001 to 1469521 in 2011). Percentage of Main workers to total workers is 73.3% and Percentage of Marginal workers to total workers is 26.7%. 20.1% of the total workers are cultivators and number of cultivators as main worker decreases by 2.2% (252343 in 2001 to 246707 in 2011). 24.1% of

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 89 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura the total workers is agriculture labourers and also number of Agriculture labourers as main activity increases by 19.8% (168519 in 2001 to 201863 in 2011). 2.8% of the total workers are household industry workers. Total Population with household industry as main activity decreases by 3% (19896 in 2001 to 19296 in 2011). 53 percent of total workers are other workers. Population of workers engaged in other activity increases by 29.2% (471534 in 2001 to 609153 in 2011). They are mainly salaried personnel, self-employed & involved in non-agricultural activities etc. The West Tripura district of Tripura comprises of 3 administrative sub divisions i.e. Sadar, Jirania, Mohanpur. The administrative divisions are further subdivided into 9 nos. R.D. Blocks i.e. Mohanpur, Hezamara, Jirania, Mandwi, Dukli, Lefunga, Old Agartala, Belbari, Bamutia. The geographical area of West Tripura district is 10486 sq. km. The total population of the district as per 2001 census is 1,530,531 which has increased to 1,724,619 indicating a decadal growth of 12.50%. The present decadal growth rate is lower than that of the previous decadal rate of 18.29%in 1991-2001 and 32.53% 1981-1991. The sex ratio has improved from 953 (Census 2001) to 964 (Census 2011) while the population density has increased to 576 (2011) from 505. The literacy rate of the district was 77.82% in 2001 which has increased to 88.91% in 2011 (Male: 92.91% and Female: 84.76%). In fact the literacy rate of the female population has increased at a rate higher (which was 70.24% previously) than that of the male population (which was 85.02% previously).

3.5.1 Demographic Profile The study area socio economic assessment and community consultation was limited in the villages located within 1-2 km radius around which are directly or indirectly most impacted by the project. Only one village i.e. Khamtingbari which is an Autonomous District council village located within the 1km radious of the BMDE well within the Boramura Gas field. These villages are primarily selected based on reconnaissance surveys, census data information, topo sheet maps, understanding of the project and professional judgment. ONGC proposes to drill 1 development wells i.e. BMDE in Boramura gas field. This proposed well location in this field is located within the forest. Only one village which is close to the proposed well location is Khamtingbari.

Village Khamtingbari is an ADC village in Mandai R. D. block of West Tripura District. This ADC village has five wards i.e. Ganthalang Para, Authuthangpara, Belphun, Sinaikani and Khamtingbari. Mr. Anil Deb Barma is the Chairman of this ADC. The demographic profile in terms of total population, household size, sex-ratio of the selected villages in the block has been summarized in the sections below.

Population and Household Size Khamtingbari has the population of 1653 and total household number is 378. The household size of this village is 4.37.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 90 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Scheduled Caste (SC) & Scheduled Tribes (ST) 100 % ST population was reported by the ADC member in this village.

Education & Literacy The study of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to have an understanding whether the proposed project can utilize skilled human resources available within the area. According ADC office, the literacy rate in Khamtingbari is 75% which is lower than the state literacy rate of Tripura (87.2%). Male and female literacy of this village is 78% and 70% respectively.

Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern

The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the study since depending on the existing situation one can predict the impact of the project activity on the economy of the region. The total working population in this village is 31%. Among them 92% are agricultural labor and 8% are belongs to other worker category. A major population in Khamtingbari village is either involved in agricultural crop cultivation or involved in horticulture in individual level or community level as a source of their livelihood. Study area mainly comprises of mono cropped land. People of this region also earn their livelihood by producing Pineapple, Jackfruit, Banana, orange etc in individual level or community other than paddy supported by the MNREGA scheme.

3.6 BASIC AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Drinking Water facilities The Census data reveals that drinking water facility exits in all the villages. There are different type of drinking water facility available in study are. Accelerated Rural Water Supply (ARWS scheme) is the major source of water. Under this scheme drinking water facility installed in ADC level and it’s cater water through pipeline to 60% of villagers in average of this ADC. As in general iron content in ground water is high in Tripura, one Iron filtration unit also provided with thin ARWS scheme. Other than ARWS, people collects drinking water from 4 mini deep tube well installed by ADC in different location. Other than drinking water people also depends on the above mention facility for their daily activity. Villagers also use Howrah river water for their domestic purpose. Other than Howrah river surface water body in the villages is very less in number.

Medical Facilities Medical facilities are one of the basic service indicators which need to be studied so as to know the quality of life in the area. Khamtingbari village have health sub center ADC level.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 91 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

But doctor is not present there. Villagers have to go to nearest town i.e. Jaliamura Hospital and Teliamura Hospital to avail the medical facility.

Educational Facilities The study area possesses necessary educational infrastructure to cater to the educational needs of the both rural population. Among the study area three junior basic schools i.e. Ganthalan J.B. School, Hochimin J.B. School, Khamting J.B. School and one senior basic school i.e. Amarjoti H.B. school present. ICDS is present in the village. For higher education student have to go to nearest town.

Transport & Communication NH-44 is the major road connecting the study area with Agartala and is being used by the local people as a route of transportation. Pucca paved road is present in villages. The public transport system is yet to reach its highest efficacy since there is no public transport system in village. Villagers depend on the private auto or jeep. The post and telegraph facility is available within 5 to 10 km from all sample villages.

Market Facilities The study on availability of market place not only tells the buying power of the common people but also gives an inner sight of services it provides for the attainment of a better living. Khamtingbari villages do not have market facility. For market place, villagers solely depend on urban places or towns or of adjacent areas namely Agartala, Tusindari bazaar. etc. There are only some shops present with in the village.

Power Supply Electricity is available in all study area villages through a stable 220V electricity supply adequate for domestic, agricultural and other purposes.

Post and Telecommunication In this era of telecommunication, access to mobile phone is within every bodies reach. All villages from sample study area have the access to post- office and other private courier services.

Community Consultation Public consultation was carried out with the objective of finding out about people's views and opinion on issues relating to the project, its operations and also to the peripheral development. In this backdrop, extensive public consultations were conducted during the socio economic assessment as part of EIA study. Suggestions were also received from participants on managing of project functions so that it does not have any adverse impacts on the community living in the area adjoining the project, better targeting community development programs, ensuring community involvement and cooperation in the operation of

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 92 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura the project. The feedback from the continued consultation will facilitate the project in developing strategies to address these issues in consensus with the communities residing around the project. Community consultations in this project are mainly carried out the village located in 1-2 km periphery of proposed development well location of 6 gas field. The summary findings of the consultations carried out have been discussed below:  Majority of the houses in the village have electrical connections. However frequent power failures were reported by the locals during the consultation.  Drinking water is the major problem as per the community. Majority of local people meets their water requirement through ARWS Scheme but water supply is very irregular and supply water for only two hour in the day. Other than that tube well, ring well, mini deep tube well and tanker supply of drinking water help people to meet their requirement. People want to get some help from ONGC in terms of drinking water.  Sanitation is also a major concern of the locality as most of houses do not have the facility of latrine. Local people also wish to have some support from ONGC to provide community facility in the villages.  During the public consultations the household members expressed their concern about the health facilities. Villagers lived near to the town are not faced problem but people who are lived in hills and far away from the town faced huge problem.  Majority of the people in the area are cultivators and paddy is the major agricultural produce. Apart from paddy cultivation, horticulture (Mainly fruit cultivations) also common. Many people are engaged in public and private organizations in the urban areas etc.  It was reported during consultations that all parents send their children to the primary school. Almost every village has a primary school; however, percentage of students pursuing higher education is comparatively less.  Local people of Khamtingbari villages where ONGC is operating for several years, expressed their concern about the safety of producing wells as it is not safely barricaded from the local people and especially from children  Villagers of Khamtingbari also appreciated the ‘Varishthajana Swasthya Sewa Abhiyan’ activity and Eye camp organized by the ONGC in which senior citizen of villages get medical support on weekly basis.  ONGC also take some initiative among the villagers to give them training and equipment support for their alternative livelihood. Under this program some of villagers of operating village get support in term of training and equipment (Swing

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 93 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

machine). Villagers wise to participate in such activate more and more and request ONGC to organize such activity frequently.  Villagers also said that ONGC also support the local poor student by providing study material which is helping them a lot.  The proceeding of the Public Meetings held in Boramura Field is given in Annexure 3.12

3.7 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SITES There are no designated archaeological sites within five districts of Tripura. As is typical of rural India settlements, each village in the Field has some cultural sites or sites of religious significance, like temples, mosques, graveyards etc. Some of them are of significance for the community. Sometimes their significance is related during specific seasons/or time of the year.

Consultation In Khamting Bari Consultation In Khamting Bari

Photo 3-1 : Community consultation in selected villages in Boramura Gas field

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 94 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

4 Environmental Impact Assessment

The impact assessment section of the EIA study systematically identifies, characterizes and evaluates the potential impacts arising out of the project and prioritizes them through a semi- quantitative system so that they can be effectively addressed by Environment Management Plans. Potential environmental impacts may arise out of various sequential activities (as discussed in Section 2.6 of this report) to be undertaken as part of proposed project development drilling and development drilling operations, GCS and laying of pipeline.

4.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY An environmental impact identification matrix has been developed to present an overview of possible interactions between project aspects and components of the environment which may get affected. The matrix structure takes into account physical, biological and socioeconomic components of the environment on one axis (X axis) and activities / aspects of the proposed development well drilling project on the other side (Y axis). Aspects (based on phases of activities like pre-drilling activities, drilling, decommissioning and potential accidental events) and impacts on environmental components that have been taken into consideration were in line with standard environment management system terminology. Environmental and socioeconomic components were identified based on reviewing of applicable legislation and baseline environment, site reconnaissance visits, discussions with stakeholders and SENES’ professional judgment. Potential environmental and socio-economic impacts that may result from any of the identified project aspects has been identified in a matrix based on activity-component interaction and has subsequently been used to develop an impact evaluation matrix that list evaluation scores based on significance criteria delineated in Section 4.1.2.

4.1.1 Impact Criteria and Ranking Once all project environmental aspects were comprehensively identified for the different activities of the project, the level of impact that may result from each of the activity- component interactions has been assessed based on subjective criteria. For this, three key elements have been taken into consideration based on standard environmental assessment methodologies:  Severity of Impact Degree of damage that may be caused to the environmental components concerned;  Extent of Impact : Geographical spread of impact around project location and corridors of activities; and  Duration of Impact: Time for which impact lasts taking project lifecycle into account.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 95 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

These elements have been ranked in three levels viz. 1 (low), 2 (moderate) and 3 (high) based on the following criteria provided in Table 4.1 below:

TABLE 4-1: IMPACT PREDICTION CRITERIA Impact Criteria Ranking Elements Severity Regional impact resulting in long term and/ or medium damage to the 3 natural environment. Major impact on community and occupational health (e.g. serious injury, loss of life) on account of accidental events viz. well blow-outs and related operational activities. Adverse national media attention. Permanent Loss of land/livelihood Local scale impact resulting in short term change and / or damage to the 2 natural environment. Temporary loss of land, livelihood source of affected communities Local scale impact on terrestrial habitat, endangered species, drainage pattern and community resources. Moderate impact on occupation and community health & well being (e.g. noise, light, odour, dust, injuries to individuals) Complaints from the public, authorities and possible local media attention. Limited local scale impact causing temporary loss of some species etc 1 Limited impact on human health and well-being (e.g. occasional dust, odour, light, and traffic noise). Public Perception/Concern Extent Regional scale impact and including impacts to physical, biological and 3 socio-economic environment of the drilling field Largely local level impact limited to a kilometer of the drilling site 2 Impact discernible within 200m in the immediate vicinity of the drilling 1 site Duration The impact is likely to occur during the entire project life cycle and 3 beyond The impact is likely to occur in some phases of project life under normal 2 operating conditions. The impact is very unlikely to occur at any time during project life cycle 1 but may occur in exceptional circumstances.

A positive or beneficial impact that may result from this project has not been ranked and has been depicted in the form of ++.

4.1.2 Impact Significance The significance of impact has been adjudged based on a multiplicative factor of three element rankings. Table 4.2 (below) depicts impact significance in a scale of LOW- MEDIUM-HIGH and will be used for delineation of preventive actions, if any, and

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 96 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura management plans for mitigation of impacts. Impact significance has been determined taking into account measures which have been factored in the design and planning phase of the project. Legal issues have been taken into account, wherever appropriate in the criterion sets, to aid in ONGC’s effort to comply with all relevant legislation and project HSE requirements. Additionally, the results of quantitative impact prediction exercise, wherever undertaken, have also been fed into the process.

TABLE 4-2: CRITERIA BASED SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS

Severity of Impact Extent of Impact Duration of Impact Impact Significance (A) (B) (C) (A X B X C) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 Low 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 2 4 3 1 2 6 1 3 2 6 2 2 2 8 Medium 3 2 2 12 2 3 2 12 2 2 3 12 3 3 2 18 3 2 3 18 High 2 3 3 18 3 3 3 27 - Beneficial Impact - ++

To assist in determining and presenting significance of an impact, an impact evaluation matrix (Table 4.3) has been developed based on the one developed for the impact identification exercise. In addition to ranked weights, significance of impacts has been depicted using colour codes for easy understanding. In case an environmental component be impacted by more than one project activity, higher impact significance ranking has been taken as the significance ranking for subject receptor. Impacts that have been determined to be having high significance ranking of “>12” are considered significant and hence require examination in terms of preventive actions and/or additional mitigation to reduce level of the potential impact. Recommended additional mitigation measures and management plans are presented in Chapter 6. A second evaluation matrix presents significance of impacts after considering that proposed mitigation measures will be implemented (Table 4.8).

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 97 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

The identified impacts are further discussed in detail in the following section with discussion focusing on impacts of higher significance. This is followed by a point wise outline of mitigation measures recommended.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 98 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 4-3: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX

Physical Environment Biological Environment Socio-economic Environment

Environment

quality

Resources erty Fauna Safety species

Land Use Air Quality Soil Quality Productivity

Noise Quality Aquatic Habitat Aquatic Wildlife Habitat Wildlife Surface Surface water Ground quality water Loss of Livelihood Loss of Transport & Traffic Transport Loss of Agricultural Agricultural Loss of Population Influx of Surface Water Surface Water Resources Ground Water Resources

Activity & Visuals Aesthetics Flora & Floral Habitat &Flora Floral Aquatic Flora & Fauna Flora Aquatic Occupational Health & Health Occupational Dust & Noise Discomfort & Noise Dust Threatened & Endangered & Endangered Threatened Local Physiography Drainage & Disruption of Infrastructure of Disruption Conflict on Job opportunity on Job Conflict Community Health & Safety & Health Community Common Prop Common Job & Economic Opportunity Economic Job & A. Pre-Drilling Activities for Well Land acquisition x x x Site clearance and top soil removal x x x x x x x x + Well site & access road construction x x x x x x + x x Storage and handling of construction debris x x x Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries x x x x x x x

Operation of DG set x x x Workforce engagement & accommodation at construction site x x + Consumption of water for construction & domestic use for labourer x x Generation of domestic solid waste & disposal x x x x x x Generation of waste water & discharge from construction activity & labour camp x x x Surface run-off from construction site x x x x x x B. Development Well Drilling & Testing Physical Presence of drill site x Operation of DG sets and machinery x x x x x Operation of drilling rig x x x Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and mud x x x x Generation of process waste water & discharge x x x Surface run-off from drill site x x x x Generation of domestic waste water & discharge x x x Generation of Municipal waste & disposal x x x Workforce engagement & accommodation at drill site x x x + x Flaring during production testing and process upset x x x Accidental events – blow out x x x x x x x x x x x x Accidental events-spillage of chemical & oil x x x C. Decommissioning and Reinstatement of Well Dismantling of rig and associated facilities x x x Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries x x x x Removal of well site construction materials & disposal x x Site Restoration + +

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 99 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT This section discusses the impacts of the project activities (Development drilling, GCS construction and Pipeline laying) on the environmental receptors that stand to get affected adversely by the project. It discusses probable impacts during various phases of the project lifecycle on the environmental and socioeconomic components. Rankings for every activity – component interaction is based on the criterion set earlier and resulting environmental significance with necessary justification that has been recorded below for every set of impacts and the same has been represented in evaluation matrices. In broader context, it is however important to remember that operations related to development well drilling, testing and completion activities also include positive socioeconomic impacts in terms of increase in local business opportunities and on a larger perspective, by providing potential energy security at a national level.

4.2.1 Visual Impacts & Aesthetics

Production Wells Boramura Fields in Tripura is an operating gas field, which has a number of producing wells and GCS. In these Fields, awareness about drilling activity for extraction of gas persists amongst local people. For drilling site preparation nearly 2 acre land will be cleared for construction of all the well locations. During site construction, dust will be generated from transportation of construction material, machinery and personnel, irregular dumping of construction waste, domestic waste from labour camp. These may cause visual and aesthetic impacts. Such impacts are likely to be experienced by communities residing in or traversing through Khamtingbari villages. However taking into account the temporary nature of site preparatory activities and necessary mitigation measures that will be implemented by the proponent with respect to the siting of well locations (use of existing infrastructure etc.), the impact will be of low significance. The wells once drilled will be capped and connected with pipeline to the nearest GCS. The area will be cordoned with iron cage barricades. The visual impacts will be for a long term due to presence of the barricaded wells. The drilling waste and process waste water is likely to be temporarily stored in impervious pits, visual impact in this regard is not envisaged. Visual impact due to the operation of drilling rig and presence of base camp will not be considered significant given the temporary nature of short or long term development activities (about 45-60 days to few years) and provided the well is indicative of any commercial hydrocarbon reserve. The DG sets will be housed in acoustic enclosure but the size of the DG set in the enclosure along with its stack that is continuously emitting is not aesthetically or visually pleasing. The construction of drill pad, drilling of development wells and decommissioning will involve a continuous day and night process, hence the high power lighting (halogen) at night

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 100 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura will be a source of visual discomfort to the residents of nearby settlements. Other than that light generated from flaring events might also be visually discomforting at night. However flaring is likely to be of intermittent in nature, to occur only during process upset and production testing.

Mitigation Measures  All the construction activity will be restricted within the designated area  Dust nuisance from construction site will be suppressed through periodical water spraying ;  On completion of work all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes will be completely removed;  Construction wastes and municipal solid waste temporarily stored at the sites will be transported to the designated disposal site/facility at regular intervals;  Care will be taken to orient the halogens at the construction facility. Excess lighting should not be used.  After decommissioning of rig and associated facilities, drill sites will be restored – drill platform will be removed, pits & garland drains will be filled up, construction material will be buried in the pit;  Site will be restored through laying of top soil

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 1 1

Extent of Impact 2 1

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 4 i.e. Low 2 i.e. Low

4.2.2 Impacts on Air Quality

Development Well BMDE Operation of vehicles and construction machinery Exhaust emissions from operation of construction machinery is likely to contribute to air pollutant load (primarily PM, NO2, SO2, etc.) in the ambient air near well site facilities. However considering localized nature of impacts, temporary (short term for 4 months) nature of construction and drilling activities and during which DG set operation will only be for 45- 60 days, along with necessary mitigation measures that is likely to be adopted by the proponent, the impact is considered to be of low significance.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 101 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Construction material transport, storage and handling During construction phase it is estimated that about 100 tonnes of sand, stones and cement will be required per well site location for road construction/strengthening and site preparatory activities. Fugitive emission is therefore anticipated from transportation, storage and handling by contractor personnel. However, generation of such fugitive dust is likely to be governed by micro-meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction). The condition of transportation road has to be considered as the drilling activity will be carried out in dry season and majority of internal roads are kutcha or in degraded condition. Such impacts will be considered to be medium. However, the construction activity, rig mobilization and decommissioning activity is a temporary and limited movement of project vehicles (5 nos. /well) will take place after adopting mitigation measures, hence the significant impact is therefore reduced to low.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Operation of Diesel Generator (DG) Sets The proposed project will involve the operation of two diesel driven 750 KW generators for drilling of each development wells; additionally one 750 KW generator will be required to meet power demand of camp and other emergency requirements. The operation of DG sets will therefore result in the generation of air pollutants viz. PM, NO2, and HC thereby affecting the ambient air quality. The dispersion of these air pollutants may affect the receptors viz. village settlements located in near vicinity of the well site only under exceptional combination of meteorological conditions. However, considering the temporary nature of drilling phase, wet and humid conditions prevalent in the development block region and provision of adequate DG set stack height for effective dispersion of air pollutants, no significant impact to this regard is envisaged. Additionally the proponent also plans to adopt

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 102 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura and implement necessary mitigation measures as discussed in the subsequent section to effectively address potential air quality impacts from DG set operation. AP-42, which is the compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors has been considered as input paramters for various pollutants emitted from DG sets and GCS flaring. Such factors facilitate estimation of emissions from various sources of air pollution. The following input parameters (Refer Table 4.4) have been considered in the impact prediction modeling undertaken using ISC 3.

TABLE 4-4: INPUT PARAMETERS CONSIDERED FOR MONITORING

Stack Stack Stack gas Emission Rate (g/sec) Emission Stack gas Height Diameter velocity Source temp (K) (m) (m) (m/s) PM NO2 HC 750 KW DG 6 0.3 773 17 0.008 1.3 0.03

Though, ISC3 is a refined model, the model run was carried out based on micro- meteorology to predict air quality impacts for a average 24 hr period that may be caused by peak power utilization at the drill site. The model was run for operation of 750 KW DG set. ISC3 model considers wind towards the direction of flow. Modelling Methodology The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term (ISCST-3) model provides options to model emissions from a wide range of sources that might be present at a typical industrial source complex. The basis of the model is the straight-line, steady state Gaussian plume equation, which is used with some modifications, to model simple point source emissions from stacks. The ISCST-3 model accepts hourly meteorological data records to define the conditions for plume rise, transport, diffusion, and deposition. The model estimates the concentration or deposition value for each source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorology, and calculates user-selected short-term averages.For a steady-state Gaussian plume, the hourly concentration at downwind distance x (meters) and crosswind distance y (meters) is given by:

 2  QKVD  y     5.0exp    2 u      where, zys   y  

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 103 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Q = pollutant emission rate (mass per unit time) K = a scaling coefficient to convert calculated concentrations to desired units (default value of 1 x 106 for Q in g/s and concentration in g/m3) V = vertical term D = decay term

y,z = standard deviation of lateral and vertical concentration distribution (m) us = mean wind speed (m/s) at release height. The Vertical Term includes the effects of source elevation, receptor elevation, plume rise, limited mixing in the vertical, and the gravitational settling and dry deposition of particulate (with diameters greater than about 0.1 microns). The ISC model uses either a polar or a Cartesian receptor network as specified by the user. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the X-axis is positive to the east of the user-specified origin and the Y-axis is positive to the north. The wind power law is used to adjust the observed wind speed, uref, from a reference measurement height, zref, to the stack or release height, hs using power law equation.The plume height is used in the calculation of the Vertical Term”V”. This is the effective release height of the effluent. This is made up of physical stack height and plume rise due to buoyancy or momentum. In this case the plume rise will be controlled by buoyancy. Appropriate plume rise formulations have been used in this model. The effective plume rise for various weather condition and wind speed are used.The method of Pasquill (1976) is used to account for the initial dispersion of plumes caused by turbulent motion of the plume and turbulent entrainment of ambient air.The infinite series term in the above Equation accounts for the effects of the restriction on vertical plume growth at the top of the mixing layer. The Equation assumes that the mixing height in rural and urban areas is known for all stability categories. To predict the incremental concentrations of the pollutants due to the proposed project activities the concentration values for these pollutants estimated during the baseline monitoring was also taken into account (Refer Table 4.5).

TABLE 4-5: PREDICTED GLCS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS Predicted GLC (μg/m3) Predicted GLC (μg/m3) Pollutan Predicted Maximum GLC At At ts (μg/m3) Khamtingbari Bonkumari Increm Increme Incremen Distance Predic ental Basel ntal Predicted tal from Direc ted Baseline Concen ine Concentr GLC Concentr Well tion GLC tration ation ation (km) 2 X 750 KW DG Set

NO2 9.730 18.05 27.78 1.67 18.75 20.42 42.21 1.98 NW (μg/m3) PM 0.059 43.88 43.94 0.01 59.88 59.89 0.26 1.98 NW (μg/m3) HC 0.358 NA NA 0.05 NA NA 0.97 1.98 NW (μg/m3)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 104 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

For spatial mapping of pollutants, the GLCs revealing worst case scenarios were superimposed on land use (5km x 5 km area) of BMDE well. The isopleths of the various pollutants with distance from the sources (DG set) has been given in Fig.4.1-4.4. The baseline air pollutant concentration of AQ Khamtingbari and Bonkumari was considered while determining predicted GLCs. Table 4-5 shows that the predicted GLC Khamtingbari and Bonkumari is far below the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (2009) value given for Residential area (80 μg/m3). The maximum impact of the pollutants will be at approximately 2 km from the well site. There are no settlements at the predicted location of maximum grond level increment.

The incremental value for operation of two DG set will be highest for the pollutant – NOx which is 9.730 μg/m3. This increment is not of much significance and as the DG set will be operated for a limited period of time, hence the significance of impact is considered to be low.

Mitigation Measures:

 All the vehicles should be PUC certified  All vehicles used for transportation of loose and friable materials will not be loaded over the freeboard limit and will be covered.  Water spraying will be done on the access roads to control re-entrained dust during dry season;  Equipment, machinery and vehicles having inbuilt pollution control devices will be considered as a measure for prevention of air pollution at source  Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicles and equipment used for the project will be maintained so that exhaust emissions are low and do not breach statutory limits set for that vehicle/equipment type.  DG set with appropriate stack height will be utilized.  Providing Personnel Protective Equipments (PPEs) like mask to workers at site.  Further mitigation measures on flaring will be given in Sec 6.1.1A

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 3 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 12 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 105 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 4-1: PREDICTED NOX CONCENTRATION PLOT (2 X 750 KW DG SET)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 106 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 4-2: PREDICTED PM10 CONCENTRATION PLOT (2 X 750 KW DG SET)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 107 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 4-3: PREDICTED HC CONCENTRATION PLOT ( 2 X 750 KW DG SET)

4.2.3 Impact on Noise Quality

Development Wells Potential impact on noise quality is anticipated from noise vehicular movement, operation of construction machinery during well site preparation and access road strengthening and operation of drilling rig. Operation of construction machinery/equipments Operation of heavy machinery/equipments and vehicular movement during site preparatory and road strengthening/construction activities may result in the generation of increased noise levels as specified in the Table 2.7.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 108 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

The noise related disturbance is likely to be experienced by communities residing in proximity of the construction site and along material transportation routes. The environmental setting of well site reveals that settlements are not close to the proposed well site. Distance of settlements of Khamtingbari Village varies between 500 m to 750m. Considering the construction phase activities to be of temporary (short and long term) nature with limited daily movement of project vehicles (3-4 nos. vehicle for transportation of personnel and 8-10 nos. for material transport) and adequate mitigation measures viz. equipment maintenance etc. to be implemented by the project proponent, impact is considered to be of medium significance.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 3 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 12 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Operation of drilling rig Operational phase noise impacts are anticipated from operation of drilling rig and ancillary equipment viz. shale shakers, mud pumps and diesel generators. Studies indicated that noise generated from operation of drilling rig generally varies in the range of 88-103 dB(A). Other contributors of high noise level at the development well site include shale shakers, mud pumps and diesel generators. The average equivalent noise levels of drilling rig and ancillary equipment is estimated to 96 dBA. Further, considering drilling to be a continuous operation, noise generated from aforesaid equipments has the potential to cause discomfort to the local communities residing in proximity (within 500m) of the rig facility. Occupational health and safety impacts viz. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is also anticipated on personnel working close to such noise generating equipment. However, considering short duration of drilling period (approx 4 months) and necessary noise prevention and control measures viz. use of acoustic barriers, provisions for proper PPEs, regular preventive maintenance of equipments etc. to be implemented by the-proponent medium significant impact to this regard is envisaged.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 109 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Noise Level Prediction A noise modeling exercise has been undertaken based on standard noise attenuation equations to predict noise levels from drilling rig near sensitive receptors. A noise attenuation plot has been developed considering natural attenuation by distance with noise level predictions only expected to help in planning and decision making. The cumulative noise generated from rig, mud pump, DG and shale Shaker was calculated to be 95.0 dB(A). Noise attenuation equations (without any noise barrier) show that the normal attenuated noise at any receptor points located at a distance of about 100 m and 200 m from the fence-line of the rig, will be in the range of about 75.0 dB(A) and 69.0 dB(A) respectively. In the absence of an acoustic barrier, the predicted noise levels were found to exceed the day time noise standard of i.e. 55 dB (A) leading to discomfort to neighbouring communities. However, with the introduction of a noise barrier at the fence-line with a height of 4 m the noise level may be controlled. This control measure will be enough to decrease noise levels near sensitive receptors at 200m to about 55.98 dB (A). However a detailed noise modelling exercise to look at option of noise reductions will be conducted at the design stage to determine the barrier specifications. The formula for noise calculation is given in Annexure 4.1. The noise attenuation plot with and without acoustic barrier is presented in Figure 4.5 below.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 110 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 4-4: NOISE ATTENUATION PLOT

Mitigation Measures Typical mitigation measures for noise will include the following:  Installation of sufficient engineering control on equipment and machinery (like mufflers & noise enclosures for DG sets and PC pumps) to reduce noise and vibration emission levels at source, carrying out proper maintenance and subjecting them to rigid noise and vibration control procedures.  Re-locating noise sources to less sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding  Providing Personnel Protective Equipments (PPEs) like ear plugs/muffs to workers at site.  Undertaking preventive maintenance of vehicles and machinery to reduce noise levels.  Further mitigation measures will be given in Sec. 6.1.1 B

4.2.4 Potential Impact Transport and Traffic The drill site access roads (i.e. PWD road, village road) are not located on busy vehicular route. The traffic survey data shows that the total vehicles plying in and around the block are low.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 111 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Movement of heavy vehicles is estimated to be about 60 truck/trailer load (from Agartala to the Field) is anticipated during both site construction and decommissioning phases. During drilling phase 5-6 medium to small vehicles will be used for transportation of personnel to the drill sites. Transportation of vehicles during various projects phases particularly during site construction and decommissioning is likely to cause disturbance to the villages in the access routes.NH-44 is the lifeline for accessing the fields. Most of the access road beyond NH-44 in each field is narrow compared to the space required for the movement of the trailors. Further approach till the proposed well sites will be required to be constructed. Hence, access roads need to be widened and strengthened before the commencement of the project and new approach roads need to be constructed that will range from 10m to 1km depending on the position of the well site.. With respect to increase in traffic movement the impact is considered to be of medium significance. The detailed traffic management plan for the proposed developmental drilling activities has been provided at Chapter 6.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

4.2.5 Potential Impact on Land Use Approximately, 1.7ha of forest land under natural forest cover will be required for construction of drill sites of the BMDE well in Boramura. Further land will also be required for approach road construction. Adequate permission from the Forest department will be required for diversion of this land. ONGC has already made an application to the Forest Department for diversion of 1.839ha forest land for drill site, waste pit and approach road. As an afforestation for equivalent number of species that will be felled in a desgnate land required for development drilling is low, hence the impact on the conversion in landuse will be low.

Mitigation Measures

 Obtain necessary permission from the Forest Department and subsequent implementation of permit conditions for the wells lying in Forest Land  Provide adequate compensation to landowners against loss of standing crops in accordance to regulatory requirements viz. Petroleum & Mineral Pipelines (PMP) Act, prevailing Land Acquisition Act, and Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Right, 2006. However, as per Amendment issued in Oct, 2014, no forest rights are likely to be recognized in case of plantations notified as forests less

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 112 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

than 75years prior to Dec 2005 and located in villages having no recorded population of Scheduled Tribes as per 2001, 2011 Census, even if the process stipulated in the FRA 2006 Act is initiated and completed.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

4.2.6 Impact on Soil Quality

Development Wells Potential impact on soil quality is envisaged in the form of increase in soil erosion and loss of soil fertility resulting site clearance and top soil stripping due to well site preparation. Accidental spillage resulting from storage and handling of mud chemicals is potential soil abuser. Soil quality impacts so identified have been assessed and evaluated in the section below. Site clearance and top soil removal As discussed in the baseline Section 3.1.9, the land in and around the well sites is covered with natural vegetation. The depth of the top soil is less than 10cm in uplands/slopes of Tripura. Hence, it is essential to preserve this and use it during restoration. The impact is considered to be temporary as the site will be properly restored by ONGC after sealing the developed well within a cordoned boundary of 50mx150m area. Necessary surface run-off control measures will be adopted by the proponent during construction phase to prevent contamination of adjoining lands from discharge of surface run-off characterized by increased sediment load. The top soil will be stored in mound form and preserved in a manner so that its fertility is maintained. The impact is therefore considered to be of low significance.

The mitigation measures proposed for top soil preservation are as follows:  The top soil will be stored in mound form.  The height of the mound should not be more than 2m  The slope angle should not be more than 30˚  A jute mat will be overlayed on the mound to contain the erosion of top soil  A garland drain will be constructed around the mound to contain the runoff of top soil.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 113 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and drilling mud

3 3 It is estimated that nearly about 250 -300m of drill cuttings and 1000 m of drilling mud is likely to be generated from each well during drilling operation. Improper storage and disposal of process waste on open soil or unlined areas may lead to the contamination of soil onsite and abutting land if not properly managed. The project design takes into account construction of a HDPE lined impervious pits for temporary storage of drill cuttings and drilling fluid respectively and their disposal in accordance with as per G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 in their planning stage. Hence, no significant impact in this regard is envisaged. Further with ONGC committing to the use of water based mud, the drill cuttings and waste drilling mud generated are likely to be non-hazardous in nature and is not anticipated to pose any potential threat to the soil environment. The waste cuttings will be tested and accordingly disposed by ONGC. The impact is therefore considered to be of low significance.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Storage and handling of fuel and chemicals Contamination of soil can result from the project activities if certain operations like storage of chemicals and fuels, spent oil and lubricants are not managed efficiently. Storage of chemicals and fuels, spent lubricants on unpaved surfaces also have potential for contamination of soil. However, considering that appropriate spill prevention and control measures (given in Sec 6.1.1.C) will be implemented by the ONGC the impact is not considered to be of significance.

Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are proposed for reducing impact on soil quality:  Restrict project and related activities during monsoon season;  Carrying out adequate restoration of soil, to the extent possible;

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 114 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

 Implementing adequate sediment control measures to prevent discharge of untreated surface run-off characterized by increased sediment load to adjoining agricultural land.  Ensuring proper storage of drill cutting and chemicals to prevent any potential contamination from spillage.  Implementing appropriate spill prevention and control measures.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

4.2.7 Impact on Topography & Drainage

Development Well BMDE Potential impact on drainage and topography viz. alteration of drainage pattern, water logging etc. are anticipated during well site preparation, widening/strengthening of access roads and restoration of development well facilities. The impact details have been discussed below:

Site preparation and road construction/strengthening Potential impact on drainage is primarily anticipated in the form of disruption of natural drainage pattern during site preparation and approach road construction. The site prepared will be raised to a height determined after studying the height attained by the maximum flood level of past ten-twenty years (The vulnerability of the well to flooding has been given Section 3.1.1.2). This may lead to alteration of onsite micro-drainage pattern leading to potential problems of water logging in the horticultural land and settlements within the vicinity of the drill site. The stability of the hill slops has to be kept in consideration while constructing roads on hill slopes of Boramura, Care has to be taken to prevent alteration of the slope of the land. The significance of the impact will be reduced from medium to low as mitigation measures will be adopted to prevent waterlogging or destabilization of hill slopes.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 115 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Well site restoration Site restoration will be initiated for well site not indicative of any commercially exploitable hydrocarbon reserves. If there is an indication of gas, then a stretch of land 50 x150m with the well head as center will be barricaded. The remaining land will be restored to its original state by laying topsoil and the well being indicative of gas will not be returned to the original owners.Unplanned restoration may lead to the long term disruption in natural drainage pattern and water logging in neighbouring agricultural land abutting the site. The land has to be restored taking into consideration the originally existing contours and pre-dominant slope. The impact is considered to be of low significance as onsite drainage will be taken care of during site restoration.

Mitigation Measure

 Leveling and grading operations will be undertaken with minimal disturbance to the existing contour, thereby maintaining the general slope of site;  Disruption/alteration of micro-watershed drainage pattern will be minimized to the extent possible.  Loss of micro-watershed drainage, if any, is to be compensated through provision of alternate drainage.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 116 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

4.2.8 Impact on Surface Water Quality

Development Well BMDE Impact on surface water quality of natural drainage channels and community water bodies may arise from discharge of contaminated surface run-off, sewage and process waste water generated during various phases of the proposed project. Surface run-off discharge As discussed under Section 4.2.4, site clearance and stripping of top soil during site construction will result in an increase in soil erosion that might lead to an increased silt load when there is surface run-off during rainfall. The hills of Boramura are souces of various first order streams that drain through the slopes. Any waste as drilling waste (cuttings and drilling mud), hazardous waste (waste oil, used oil etc) and chemical storage areas kept on the top of the hill will be washed down with rainfall and contaminate any surface water body on its way. Further the surface run-off problem may be compounded by the unquantified flow of formation water. To prevent these run-offs waste pits (dimensions given in Project Description), storm water drains and tankers that will regularly carry the treated water will be provided during operation phase. Further, the boundaries of the pits will be raised to prevent any runoff. Hence, the pits have to be of sufficient depth to contain the waste fluid and also unprecedented rainfall. Further, the site should be properly restored after the completion of drilling activity. This situation is likely to be more pronounced considering rainfall records of Tripura (Refer section 3.1.2); but, since ONGC will take into account the requirements of compliance standards as per G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 in the designing stage itself, the impact is considered to be of medium significance.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Discharge of drilling mud and waste water It is estimated that nearly about 1000-1250m3 of drilling waste fluid and waste water is likely to be generated during drilling operation. The drilling waste fluid so generated will be characterized by the presence of oil & grease, barites and heavy metal which on discharge to nearby natural drainage channels may lead to possible surface water contamination. However considering usage of water based mud for the proposed project, temporarily storage of drilling waste in an HDPE lined pit and subsequent treatment to ensure conformance with

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 117 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

CPCB Designated Best Use Standards and Oil Drilling & Gas Extraction Industry Standards and guidelines provided by the MoEF under the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 the impact is not considered to be of significance. Mitigation Measures Following mitigation measures will be implemented for water pollution control:  Proper treatment of all wastewater and produced water discharges will be made to ensure that they comply with criteria set by the regulatory body (MoEF and SPCB)  Drainage and sediment control systems at the well site will be efficiently designed  Construction activities viz. stripping, excavation etc during monsoon season will be restricted to the extent possible.  All chemical and fuel storage areas, process areas will have proper bunds so that contaminated run-off cannot escape into the storm-water drainage system.  An oil-water separator will be provided at the storm water drainage outlet, to prevent discharge of contaminated run-off.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

4.2.9 Impact on Hydrogeology & Ground Water Quality Potential impacts on groundwater resources that could arise as a result of the proposed drilling activities include the following:

Ground water extraction Water will be required to meet domestic requirement of operational workforce, drilling mud preparation and flushing of drilling holes will be sourced through vendors who possess relevant permission for water abstraction. If the vendor abstracts water from nearby natural surface waterbody then there will no impact on the groundwater resources. But if the vendor sources it from the ground water then the scenario will alter. As reported earlier in Section 3.1.5, the net groundwater in North Tripura as the least yield in the state. The requirement per well is approximately 1m3/hr. In North Tripura, there is a paucity of water and social consultation reveals that the groundwater table has dropped due to gas extraction, sourcing of groundwater has to be from deeper aquifer that is presently not used by villagers for abstracting drinking water. Drilling is a temporary activity (approx 4months) hence, impact

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 118 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura on ground water resource will be low if ONGC abstains drawing water from the table from which local people draw water.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Storage of drill cuttings and waste drilling mud Possibility of contamination of subsurface and unconfined aquifers may exist if the casing and cementing of the well is not carried out properly leading to infiltration or seeping of drilling chemicals or mud into porous aquifer region. The same is also valid for disposal of drilling waste and mud in an open/unpaved pit. However, the toxicity test of the drill cuttings of nearby wells of Assam Arakan-Assam Basin has shown the absence of any hazardous chemicals. Moreover mitigation measures will be employed thus reducing the impact from medium to low significance.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Mitigation Measures

 Proper engineering controls will be used for drilling and cementing operations  Water based, non hazardous type of drilling mud will be utilized for drilling operation  Drill cuttings & mud will be stored in HDPE lined pits as per GSR Rules 546

4.2.10 Impact on Biological Environment

Development Well BMDE The potential impacts on ecological habitat of the development block region due to proposed development drilling operations are discussed below:

Loss of flora and floral habitat In Boramura Field natural vegetation will be cleared. Further plants lying on the approach road will also be required to be felled. As part of Forest Conservation Act, 1980,

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 119 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura compensatory afforestation will be required for felling tree in the forest land. This will reduce the impact on the loss of flora and floral habit.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low Impact of Fauna & Faunal Habitat Wild animals have not been reported from any of the Fields except for monkeys in Khmatingbari. Few Schedule II animals are prevalent in the Field that has been listed in Chapter 3. As there is no scope of any activity where ecological habitat of any wild fauna is destroyed there is no significant impact on the wild fauna residing in the study area. Elephant corridors are absent in the path of the pipeline hence the pit dug during construction will not be a danger to them. The only fauna to be disturbed will be the organisms inhabiting the soil especially the arthropods, hence much significance is not assigned to them.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 3 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 12 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Impact on Endangered/Threatened Flora and Fauna The project bears no impact on endangered/threatened flora and fauna. Impact on Migratory Corridor & Route There are no elephant corridors within 10km of the Boramura Gas Field as already mentioned in Chapter 3. No other wildlife has been spotted as revealed through public consultation in the study area. Hence no impact on the migratory corridor or route of any wild fauna is envisaged.

Aquatic Habitat, Aquatic Flora & Fauna It has been established in the baseline studies, that existing water quality of the surface water bodies is quite favorable to support diverse range of aquatic fauna and flora. Therefore, in case of any discharge of untreated waste water from development drilling site, it may result in the possible contamination of receiving streams and their ecological habitat. Surface runoff during monsoon from the construction site of the wells has the potential to contaminate

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 120 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura receiving surface water bodies thereby impacting their aquatic ecology. Again, all such process water to be discharged offsite will first undergo adequate treatment to comply with discharge standards of CPCB. Adequate treatment coupled with dilution factor of receiving water bodies will thus significantly contribute in preventing any deleterious effect on the aquatic ecological habitat.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 3 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 12 i.e. Medium 4i.e. Low

4.2.11 Impact on Socioeconomic Environment Development Well BMDE Based on the nature and type of impacts, the assessment has been divided into broad categories namely (i) Adverse impacts and (ii) Positive impacts.

Adverse Impact Effects on Job Opportunity Primary survey and public consultation showed that the local people especially in Khamtingbari desire to work in the ONGC. Involvement of outside workers in proposed activity may possibly create conflict with the local people, as most of the villagers are plantation cultivators, daily labours, small businessmen. Local people are strongly objecting to outsiders being involved in jobs, and demanded that major proportion of workers be deputed from surrounding villages. The impact on job conflict will be low if local villagers are involved thus reducing the medium significance to low.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Effect on Infrastructure: Road network in Tripura is in good state. ONGC has already constructed a metalled road to access the existing development wells in the Reseve Forest. These roads are worn out and need to be mended before drill site construction. Transportation of drilling rig and associated facilities to drill and decommissioning of rig and associated structure will increase traffic movement on the road linking Khamtingbari with NH-44. An

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 121 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura abrupt increase in vehicular fleet may damage road infrastructure if not properly maintained. The strengthening and widening of the existing road will reduce the significance of impact from medium to low.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Dust and Noise Inhabitants residing close to access roads will be affected due to noise and dust generated from vehicular movement during site preparation, setting up of rig and associated facilities, decommissioning of rig and associated facilities. Again, during drilling operation, inhabitants residing close to drill sites (within 200 m) will get affected due to noise and emissions from DG sets and occasional flaring activity. Considering the proximity of human settlement is approximately 500m away from the drill site, temporary nature of activity and adoption of proper mitigation measures, the significance of the impact will be reduced from medium to low.

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Influx of Population Influx of population is anticipated in all stages of the project cycle particularly during both development drilling. The drill site will involve the operation of about 25onsite workers. Hence there might be an impact on the local communities due to the sharing of common resources like space, drinking water, roads, etc. Interaction between workers with villagers of nearby areas might give rise to various issues like conflict of workers with the local population, nuisance caused by workers due to improper sanitation facilities, etc. However, taking into account that workforce is likely to be sourced from nearby villages and adequate sanitation facilities will be provided chances of such conflicts are negligible.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 122 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Cultural & Heritage Site Impact on cultural environment may occur due to site preparation, operation of drilling rig and also during vehicular movement with respect to the proposed exploration activities. There are no designated historical or cultural spots close to the well field on Tripura. Hence, no impact is envisaged on them Work opportunities Site preparation phase will involve certain number of laborers and there is a possibility that local people can be engaged for this purpose. Drilling process will involve a number of skilled and unskilled workers. There is a possibility that local people will be engaged for this purpose to the extent possible and hence improve existing employment scenario of the region. However, most jobs will comprise technical involvement. Hence villagers can possibly be employed only in certain non-technical or casual labor jobs and that too for a limited duration. It is proposed that first preference be given to people whose land is acquired and to their relations. Next preference will be given to the poorer people and subsequently the other villagers.

Impact Significance = ++ i.e. POSITIVE

4.2.12 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge socio-economic implications on individuals, their families and communities. They also have economic impacts in form of direct and indirect costs for society as a whole. Major occupational health risks encountered in proposed drilling activity include noise from drilling activity, operation of heavy vehicles and machinery, handing of chemicals. However, the proponent will adopt necessary control measures through implementation of mitigation measures and provision of proper PPEs to workers operating in aforesaid area to prevent and/or mitigate adverse health related impacts. Hence any possible occupational health impact from exposure to such fugitive dust is not likely to be of major significance.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 123 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

Community Health & Safety: Community health and safety of inhabitants residing close to the drilling site stands to get affected from frequent heavy vehicular movement along village access roads and due to noise from drilling rig operations. Health and safety impact arising from technological emergencies viz. well blow outs, explosions will be dealt separately in the QRA section. Although the aforesaid activities are temporary in nature it may not adversely affect community health and safety in the long term. Mitigation measures will be taken as outlined Sec 6.1.1 A-E to reduce the impacts arising out of project activities and hence significance will reduce from medium to low significance. Few mitigation measures should be adopted to protect the community are as follows  All activities should be under proper fencing  Proper hoardings in English and Bengali language should be displayed during construction to prevent people from encroaching the fenced area or to make them aware of the danger associated with the construction  Pipes will be kept in level ground within proper barricade

Significance w/o Significance with Impact Criteria mitigation measures mitigation measures Severity of Impact 2 1

Extent of Impact 2 2

Duration of Impact 2 2

Total Significance 8 i.e. Medium 4 i.e. Low

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 124 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 4-6: IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MATRIX (WITH MITIGATION)

Physical Environment Biological Environment Socio-economic Environment

ies

Environment

Fauna

Land Use Air Quality Soil Quality Noise Quality tional Health & Safety tional Health Aquatic Habitat Aquatic Habitat Wildlife Surface water quality Surface water Ground quality water Loss of Livelihood Loss of Transport & Traffic Transport Influx of Population Influx of Surface Water Surface Water Resources Ground Water Resources Aesthetics & Visuals Aesthetics Topography and TopographyDrainage and Flora & Floral Habitat &Flora Floral

Activity & Fauna Flora Aquatic Dust & Noise Discomfort & Noise Dust Disruption of Infrastructure of Disruption Conflict on Job opportunity on Job Conflict Community Health & Safety & Health Community Common Property Resources Property Common Job & Economic Opportunity Economic Job & Occupa Loss of Agricultural Productivity Agricultural Loss of Threatened & Endangered spec & Endangered Threatened

Pre-Drilling Activities for Well Land acquisition L L L L Site clearance and top soil removal L L L L L L L L + Well site & access road construction L L L L L L + L L Storage and handling of construction debris L L L Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries L L L L L L L Operation of DG set L L L Workforce engagement & accommodation at construction site L L L + L Consumption of water for construction & domestic use for labourer L L Generation of domestic solid waste & disposal L L L L L L L Generation of waste water & discharge from construction activity & labour camp L L L Surface run-off from construction site L L L L L L L Development Well Drilling & Testing Physical Presence of drill site L Operation of DG sets and machinery L L L L L Operation of drilling rig L L L Storage and disposal of drill cuttings and mud L L L L Storage and handling of fuels and chemicals L Generation of process waste water & discharge L L L L Surface run-off from drill site L L L L L Generation of domestic waste water & discharge L L L L L Generation of Municipal waste & disposal L L L L Workforce engagement & accommodation at drill site L L L + L Flaring during production testing and process upset L L L Accidental events – blow out L L L L L L L L L L L L Accidental events-spillage of chemical & oil L L L Decommissioning and Reinstatement of Wells Dismantling of rig and associated facilities L L L L Transportation of drilling rig and ancillaries L L L L

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 125 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Physical Environment Biological Environment Socio-economic Environment

ies

Environment

Fauna

Land Use Air Quality Soil Quality Noise Quality tional Health & Safety tional Health Aquatic Habitat Aquatic Habitat Wildlife Surface water quality Surface water Ground quality water Loss of Livelihood Loss of Transport & Traffic Transport Influx of Population Influx of Surface Water Surface Water Resources Ground Water Resources Aesthetics & Visuals Aesthetics Topography and TopographyDrainage and Flora & Floral Habitat &Flora Floral

Activity & Fauna Flora Aquatic Dust & Noise Discomfort & Noise Dust Disruption of Infrastructure of Disruption Conflict on Job opportunity on Job Conflict Community Health & Safety & Health Community Common Property Resources Property Common Job & Economic Opportunity Economic Job & Occupa Loss of Agricultural Productivity Agricultural Loss of Threatened & Endangered spec & Endangered Threatened

Removal of well site construction materials & disposal L L L Site Restoration + L + +

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 126 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

5 Environment Management Plans

The Environment Management Plan details out the mitigation measures to be implemented by both ONGC and the Contractors during various stages of development drilling of hydrocarbons, laying of pipelines and GGS construction within the ONGC Tripura Field Block. The following environmental management plans have been formulated in line with the proposed project activities viz. site preparation, development drilling, well testing and decommissioning, pipeline laying and GGS construction.  Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan  Waste Management Plan  Storm Water Management Plan  Site Closure Plan  Wildlife Management Plan  Road Safety and Traffic Management Plan  Occupational Health & Safety Management Plan  Management of Social Issues and Concerns ONGC will ensure communication and implementation of the aforesaid management plans prior to the commencement of site preparation of development well drilling operations, pipeline laying and GGS construction in the Fields. In addition, the mitigation measures for social issues and concerns are also separately presented in this report. An Emergency Response Plan to address technological emergency situations viz. blow outs, fires, oil spill etc. that may arise out of drilling operations has already been discussed in Chapter 5. In cases, where there are possible overlaps, the plans have been cross-referenced to avoid repetition. Additional mitigation measures to ensure effective management of identified environmental aspects during various phases of the proposed project have been discussed under the aforesaid plans in the subsequent sections and summarized in Table 5.1 for ease of reference.

5.1.1 Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan (PPAP)

Scope The Pollution Prevention and Abatement Plan (PPAP) is applicable for and encompasses both construction and operational phase activities for the proposed project which has the potential to adversely impact ambient air and noise quality, surface and ground water quality and soil quality of the Boramura, Agartala Dome Extension III, Manikyanagar, Konaban, Sundalbari, Gojalia Fields of ONGC.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 127 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Purpose The PPAP establishes specific measures and guidelines aimed at effectively addressing and mitigating the air, noise, water and soil quality impacts that may arise as result of well site, GGS construction, access road construction/strengthening, drilling operations and decommissioning/site closure. The plan also details out roles and responsibilities of ONGC and the contractors to ensure effective implementation of the plan.

Mitigation Measures & Strategies The following mitigation measures need to be adopted and implemented by ONGC and its contractors during various phases of the proposed project to prevent and control air emissions (both point and fugitive), high noise generation, soil contamination and fertility loss, contamination of ground water resources and storm water discharge.

TABLE 5-1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MATRIX A. Control of fugitive and point source emissions

Project Phase Mitigation measures Construction  Sprinkling of water on earthworks, material haulage and transportation routes on a regular basis during dry season.  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be subjected to preventive maintenance as per manufacturer norms.  All vehicles utilized in transportation of raw material and personnel will have valid Pollution under Control Certificate (PUC). Vehicular exhaust will be complying with the Bharat Stage III specified emission norms for heavy diesel vehicles.  The top soil generated from site clearance activities will be stored in designated area and stabilized to prevent fugitive dust emissions.

Drilling and well testing,  Flaring will be undertaken in accordance with G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005  Duration of flaring will be minimized by careful planning;  High combustion efficiency, smokeless flare/burner will be used.  An efficient test flare burner head equipped with an appropriate combustion enhancement system will be selected to minimize incomplete combustion, black smoke, and hydrocarbon fallout.  Volumes of hydrocarbons flared will be recorded.  Exhausts of engines on the drilling rig diesel generators will be positioned at a sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions; engines will not be left running unnecessarily.  Preventive maintenance of DG sets will be undertaken as per manufacturers schedule to ensure compliance with Sl No 94 GSR 371(E) dated 17.5.2002.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 128 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project Phase Mitigation measures Decommissioning/Site Mitigation measures to address the air quality impacts resulting from Closure vehicular movement, operation of heavy construction machinery and material handling are similar to those discussed above

B. Control of Noise and Vibration

Project Phase Mitigation measures Construction  Selection and use of low noise generating equipment equipped with engineering controls viz. mufflers, silencers etc  All vehicles utilized in transportation of raw material and personnel will have valid Pollution under Control Certificate (PUC)  All high noise generating equipments will be identified and subjected to periodic preventive maintenance.  No night time operation of vehicles and construction activities will be undertaken.  Engines of vehicles and construction equipment will be turned off when not in use for long periods.  Periodic monitoring of noise levels on site and nearby receptors to ensure compliance with Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules 2000.

Drilling  Installing acoustic enclosures and muffler on engine exhaust of DG sets to ensure compliance with generator noise limits specified by CPCB in accordance with Sl No 94 GSR 371(E) dated 17.5.2002.  Setup effective noise barrier at the fence-line of the site;  Restrict all noise generating operations ,except drilling, to daytime;  Periodic monitoring of noise levels on site and nearby receptors to ensure compliance with Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules 2000. Decommissioning/Site Management measures to address noise impacts with respect to operation Closure of heavy equipments/machinery and movement of vehicles during decommissioning/site closure phase are similar to those discussed in the “Construction Phase” of this section

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 129 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

C. Prevention and Control of Soil Quality Impacts

Project Phase Mitigation measures Construction  Site preparation and road strengthening/widening activities will be restricted within defined boundaries.  Avoid construction activities during monsoon season as moist soil is most susceptible to compaction.  Use appropriate machinery and/or protective boarding during top soil stripping.  Debris and excavated material generated during construction activities will be stockpiled in designated areas onsite. No material will be disposed in adjacent land surrounding the site boundary.  For cleared areas, retain top soil in stockpile where possible on perimeter of site for subsequent re-spreading onsite during restoration.  Provide embankment all around the heap of excavated top soil and cover it with jute mats to avoid erosion by the action of rains/strong winds.  Install and maintain effective run-off controls, including silt traps, straw barriers etc. so as to minimize erosion.  Drip trays to be used during vehicular/equipment maintenance and during refueling operations.  In case of a spill, the spilled soil is to be removed and stored in hazardous waste storage area Drilling  All chemical and fuel storage areas will be designed considering HFL  Fuel and chemical storage areas will be paved and properly bunded. Bunded areas will be designed to accommodate 110% of the volume of spilled material.  Spill kits will be made available at all fuel and chemical storage areas. All spills/leaks contained, reported and cleaned up immediately.  Drip pans/trays will be used in areas identified having spillage potential but not limited to drill rig engine; electric generator engine; pumps or other motors; maintenance areas; fuel transfer areas.  In case of a spill, the spilled soil is to be removed and stored in hazardous waste storage area  Management of drill cuttings, waste drilling mud and waste oil to be made in accordance with G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 (Refer Annexure 6.1).

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 130 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project Phase Mitigation measures Decommissioning/Site  Decommissioning at the end of project life/drilling will have some Closure adverse impacts in terms of increase in soil erosion and would require adequate mitigation measures to minimize any adverse impacts. The mitigation measures will be similar to those outlined for construction phase activities as discussed earlier.  Monitoring of soil quality to be undertaken after drilling of the wells

D. Prevention and Control of Surface Water Quality Impacts

Project Phase Mitigation measures Construction  Minimize clearing and construction activities during monsoon season (as far as practicable).  Construction work close to the streams or water to be avoided during monsoon  During site preparation and construction, surface water run-off to be managed through implementation of proper drainage system with silt trap and sedimentation tank onsite.  Sediment filters and oil-water interceptor will be installed to intercept run-off and remove sediment before it enters water courses.  Regular inspection of surface water drainage/diversion system and sediment controls will be undertaken.

Drilling  Run-off from vehicular wash and chemical storage areas will be limited to closed drainage system provided with an oil-water separator prior to silt trap and sedimentation tank to disposal to nearby drainage channels/surface water bodies. Spill kits will be made available in these areas.  Drip trays will be used during preventive maintenance of vehicles and machinery.  Hazardous chemicals and fuel drum will be stored in bunded and lined area equipped with proper spill control equipment.  Management of drill cuttings, waste drilling mud, waste oil and domestic waste will be made in accordance with G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 (Refer Annexure 6.1) Decommissioning/Site No significant impact to surface water quality can be associated with Closure activities during decommissioning/site closure phase. Any possible impacts that may arise due to surface run-off will be mitigated in manner similar to that discussed during construction phase activities.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 131 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

E. Prevention and Control of Ground Water Quality Impacts

Project Phase Mitigation measures Construction No significant impact on the ground water quality can be associated with the construction phase activities

Drilling  The development wells, GGS and pipeline will be sited at a sufficient distance away from an existing tube well or open well.  Proper casing and cementing of developmental wells will be done to prevent contamination of sub-surface aquifers.  Water based mud to be used as a drilling fluid for the proposed project  Selection of low toxicity chemicals/additives in the preparation of water based mud.  Periodic monitoring of ground water quality will be carried out for village wells located outside the project boundary to assess the level of ground water contamination, if any.  Storage and disposal of drill cutting and waste mud to be made in accordance with G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 (Refer Annexure 6.1) Decommissioning/Site No significant impacts to ground water quality can be associated with Closure activities during decommissioning/site closure phase

5.1.2 Waste Management Plan

Scope The Waste Management Plan (WMP) is applicable for all process and non-process waste streams which are generated during various phases of ONGC’s proposed development drilling of hydrocarbons, pipeline laying and GGS Construction in Boramura, Agartala Dome Extension III, Manikyanagar, Konaban, Sundalbari, Gojalia Fields. The major waste streams covered under this plan includes drill cuttings, waste drilling mud, wash water, kitchen waste and sewage. In addition, waste oil and lead acid batteries generated from the proposed project operations have also been dealt in this plan.

Purpose The WMP establishes specific measures to ensure proper collection, storage, treatment and disposal of the identified process and non-process waste streams in accordance with the applicable national regulations and guidelines32 and also to ensure compliance with ONGC’s

32 “Guidelines for Disposal of Waste – CPCB Oil & Gas Extraction Industry Standard” – EPA Notification [GSR 176(E), April 1996]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 132 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura corporate HSE Policy. The plan also outlines roles and responsibilities of both ONGC and the contractors involved in the implementation of the plan.

Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures need to be adopted and implemented by ONGC and its contractors for the major waste streams identified in the plan.

TABLE 5-2: WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Waste Quantity Mitigation Measure Drill Cuttings 212-225  Drill cuttings separated from drilling fluid will be m3/well adequately washed and temporarily stored and disposed in an impervious pit lined by HDPE.  The drilling cuttings pit will be bunded and kept covered using tarpaulin sheets during monsoon  Periodic monitoring and analysis of drill cuttings will be undertaken to establish its nature and characteristics.  The waste pit after it is filled up will be covered with impervious liner over which a thick layer of native top soil with proper top slope will be provided.  Feasibility study for use of drill cuttings for lining or capping of landfill sites or as a road construction material in consultation with nodal authorities Drilling Mud and 1000 m3  Use of water based mud or eco-friendly synthetic mud as wash water the drilling fluid.  Use of low toxicity chemicals for the preparation of drilling fluid.  Barite used in the preparation of drilling fluid shall not contain Hg>1mg/kg and Cd>3mg/kg  Recycling of drilling mud will be ensured to the maximum extent possible.  Temporary storage of drilling fluid and wash waste water will be done in an impervious pit lined with HDPE.  The drilling fluid pit will be bunded to prevent water overflow during heavy monsoon.  Drilling wash water will be treated through onsite Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to comply with the G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 for reuse and recycling purpose.

“Guidelines for disposal of Solid Waste, Drill Cuttings and Drilling Fluids for Offshore & Onshore Drilling Operation” –MoEF Notification, 30th August 2005

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 133 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Waste Quantity Mitigation Measure Kitchen Waste 10-20 kg/day  The waste will be segregated and stored in designated waste bins.  All such waste bins will be properly labeled and covered.  The kitchen waste will be disposed in nearest municipal dumping site on a daily basis through approved waste handling contractors Waste oil As generated  The hazardous waste (waste and used oil) will be managed in accordance with Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Used oil Rules, 2008.  The hazardous waste will be stored in properly labeled and covered bins located in paved and bunded area.  Necessary spill prevention measures viz. spill kit will be made available at the hazardous material storage area  Storage details of onsite hazardous waste generated will be maintained and periodically updated.  Adequate care will be taken during storage and handling of such waste viz. use of proper PPEs by personnel  The hazardous waste so stored (not more than 3 months) to be periodically sent to State Pollution Control Board registered user and/or waste oil recyclers/ facilities.  Proper manifest as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules to be maintained during storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste. Sewage 2.4 m3/day  The sewage generated will be treated in a combination of per well septic tank and soak pit.  Regular supervision will be undertaken for the domestic waste treatment system to report any overflows, leakage, foul odour etc. Lead Acid Batteries 2-3 batteries  Will be recycled through the vendors supplying lead acid per well batteries as required under the Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001.  Proper logbook will be maintained as per Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001. Recyclables viz. paper, Depending  Proper segregation and storage of recyclable waste in plastic, packaging on usage designated bins onsite. waste etc.  Recyclables will be periodically sold to local waste recyclers.

In addition to the management measures specified for the major waste stream, ONGC will prepare and update periodically a waste management inventory of all waste streams identified for the proposed project. Necessary measure will also be taken by ONGC to incorporate

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 134 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura appropriate waste management and handling procedures in the contractor work document and conduct periodic training of personnel involved in waste handling onsite to ensure proper implementation of the WMP. In this regard, necessary inspection, record keeping, training program and monitoring procedures will be established by ONGC and made operational to achieve proper management of all wastes generated on site. A typical layout of the environment management plans in a well site is given in Figure 5.1. The salient features of measures taken to safeguard the environment are given below:  The drill pad will be concretized  The top soils will be heaped and bounded by a retaining wall  The Waste pits (refer Sec 2.7.2) will be bunded to prevent the overflow of wastewater  ETP will be installed  Oil spill kits will be available near Drill pad and Oil storage area  Fluid and chemicals will be stored in enclosed houses with restricted access  The Hazardous waste will be separated from Non-hazardous waste and stored separately in enclosed area  Recyclable and non-recyclable waste will be collected and stored separately  Sufficient lighting will be provided  A garland drain will be constructed within the external boundary of the site connected to sedimentation tank with oil and water separator

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 135 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

FIGURE 5-1: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES AT DRILL SITE

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 136 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

5.1.3 Storm Water Management Plan

Scope The Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) refers to the proper management of surface run-off generated during monsoons for various phases of activities involved in the project.

Purpose The purpose of Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) is to ensure prevent and control any adverse impact of discharge of storm water from the well site, GGS and road widening/strengthening areas to nearby natural drainage channels and community water bodies. Proper management of storm water runoff will minimize damage to public and private property, reduce effects of development on land, control stream channel erosion, pollution and sediment deposition and also reduce local flooding.

Mitigation Measures

 Storm water from all longitudinal and cross drainage works will be connected to the natural drainage courses.  Necessary measures will be undertaken during construction phase to prevent earth and stone material from blocking cross drainage structures.  Periodic cleaning will be undertaken to cross drainage structures and road drainage system to maintain uninterrupted storm water flow.  Obstructions that may cause temporary flooding of local drainage channels, during construction phase will be removed.  Oil traps will be used to separate oil from runoff water  Sediment control measures in the form of silt traps and sedimentation tank will be provided to treat surface run-off before disposal

5.1.4 Site Closure Plan The site closure plan for will identify all the activities which would be performed during the restoration of a particular site in case the well is not economically viable and no further use of that particular well bore is envisaged. Along with the well site the approach road connecting the well will be restored accordingly. Chronological inventory of activities which would be performed during the closure of the site are detailed in this section The following activities have been considered in the closure plan:  Plugging & Abandonment of well: Close the well head properly to prevent any further leakage

 Decommissioning Phase : Removal of the materials form the site

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 137 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

 Waste/mud pit closure and reclamation  Reinstatement Phase: regeneration of the land  Handover Phase : Returning the land to the original owner

Plugging & Abandonment of well As and when the well will be declared as non productive, plugging of the well will be performed to close and abandon the well to prevent any leakage of oil or gas.

Decommissioning The decommissioning phase includes activities dismantling and removal of surface facilities from the well site and storage in the Material Dumping Area. The activities which are envisaged during this phase are:  Waste Management: clean up the site and remove all waste materials e.g. HDPE liners, any waste material etc. The waste will be dumped in the designated area as per the guidelines of local pollution control board.  Road Restoration: The fill materials should be removed and restore the site or it may be left for further local community use as per the agreement with community.

Waste and mud pit closure and reclamation Following decommissioning and abandonment of the well site the waste and mud pits will be subject to closure through onsite burial of solids in accordance with lease and landowner obligations and with local, state and national regulations. Reclamation of closed pits or any other temporary retaining pits, including reserve pits, will be carried out within a period of one year from well closure/abandonment. All such reclamation activities will be carried out based on the climatic conditions and will be in accordance with reasonable landowner's wishes, and/or resemble and contour of the adjoining lands.

Reinstatement The reinstatement phase includes all activities for preparation of the soil for agriculture use (if the land is an agricultural land before operation) or forest land. Reinstatement of agricultural land  Sub soil preparation: The sub soil would be tilled till a depth of 6” to de-compaction the soil.  Overlaying of Topsoil: The topsoil would be spread evenly on each of the terraces as per the thickness specified by the applicable guidelines.  Top soil preparation: The bio manure will be mixed with the top soil to increase its fertility (if required). Regular water with mulching will be carried out for more effective soil preparation.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 138 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

 If the preserved top soil volume found less than the required volume than make up top soil will be out sourced from soil from pond bottom etc.  Seeding of Soil: Seeds of Leguminous crops would be sown on the plots to continuously improve fertility of the soil.  Testing of fertility: The soil would be tested for fertility as per the standard procedure of ICAR and compared to the fertility values done during the Pre Project Baseline Environment Assessment.  Laying of Plot Dividers: The Plot dividers would be put in place as it was before operation. Sub soil would be used for preparation of the dividers and would be seeded with grass to hold it in place. Reinstatement of Forest land  Forest Diversion proposal to be submitted for construction of wells, pipelines within forest areas. Necessary Forest Clearance in this regard would be undertaken from the State Forest Department. Necessary Compensatory Afforestation charges to be deposited to the Forest Department  The preparation of topsoil and fertility regeneration of topsoil would be same as referred earlier  Forest Department would be consulted for probable site restoration activities  Afforestation program would be undertaken in the area concerned.Selection of plants for plantation would be undertaken based on the species that were cut down at the time of site preparation activities.

5.1.5 Wildlife Management Plan

Scope The proposed development drilling of hydrocarbons, pipeline laying and GGS construction in Boramura, Agartala Dome Extension III, Manikyanagar, Konaban, Sundalbari, Gojalia Fields that may impart potential impact on local plant and animal species close to the drill sites, GGS, pipeline route and access roads within the concerned Fields. The likely impacts of the project activities on the ecological habitat have been addressed in a Wildlife Management Plan prepared to safeguard local floral and faunal component.

Purpose The purpose of Wildlife Management Plan is to minimize the impact on natural habitat and control any adverse impact due to construction of drill site, GGS and pipeline, air and noise pollution from drilling and well testing activities, discharge of untreated waste water from drilling operation, storm water runoff from the well site and road widening/strengthening activities. The Management Plan details out the mitigation measures and strategies to be adopted by ONGC and the Contractors during each phase of the project, at the same time

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 139 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura establishing a monitoring network to investigate the effective implementation of the Management Plan.

Mitigation measures

 The drill site will be properly fenced (chain-linked) to avoid straying of any outsider as well as wildlife;  No temporary electric supply connection line from the grid will be laid for the proposed project activity. All electric requirements will be supplied from the internal DG sets.  Noise Levels at the drill site will be controlled through selection of low noise generating equipment and installation of sufficient engineering controls viz. mufflers, silencers etc.  Movement of heavy vehicles will be restricted at night time  Care would be taken while disposal drill cutting & other drilling waste and discharge of waste water from the drilling site.

The following measures and strategies needs to be adopted to safeguard the natural habitat from the possible impacts resulting from the project and its related activities. An Environment Management Cell (EMC) will be developed for implementation of environmental mitigation & management plan. Forest personnel and veterinary doctor will be taken into the management cell for implementing the wildlife management plan. The environment cell would look after the following measures:

 Any wild animal species if trapped during site development or operation of drilling would be released into suitable habitat;  In case of any accidental injuries to any wild animal by any project related activity, the EMC’s Veterinary Doctor’s help will be taken  All sightings of sensitive species in and around the project site will be reported and adequate steps will be taken with the help of forest personnel to reduce conflict between such animals and project activities or people working at site.  The Environment Compliance Officer will hold training program for all the ONGC employees and sub-contractor on the applicable practice and mitigation measures contained within the Wildlife Management Plan.

5.1.6 Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan

Scope The Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan is applicable to all operation pertaining to ONGC and contractor vehicular movement viz. vehicle involved in the transportation of raw

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 140 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura materials, project and contractor personnel, drilling rig and heavy equipment transportation to well site and decommissioning.

Purpose The Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan outlines specific measures to be adopted and implemented by ONGC to mitigate any potential impact on community health and safety that may arise out of movement of vehicles and transportation of drilling rig and heavy equipments during site preparation, drilling and decommissioning activities.

Mitigation Measures

 Project vehicular movement will be restricted to defined access routes to be identified in consultation with locals and concerned authorities.  Proper signage will be displayed at important traffic junctions along the predefined access routes to be used by construction and operational phase traffic. The signage will serve to prevent any diversion from designated routes and ensure proper speed limits are maintained near village residential areas.  The condition of roads and bridges identified for movement of vehicles and drilling rig will be assessed by ONGC to ensure their safe movement.  Precautions will be taken to avoid damage to the public access routes including highways during vehicular movement.  Safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side roads and property accesses connecting the project road will be provided. Work that affects the use of side roads and existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions.  Parking of project vehicles along village access roads prohibited. Signposted parking facilities will be utilized for such purpose.  Any road diversions and closure will be informed in advance to the villagers who are accessing the defined routes  Traffic flows will be scheduled wherever practicable during period of increased commuter movement.  Personnel will be deployed at major traffic intersection for control of traffic  Clear signs, flagmen & signal will be set up at major traffic junctions and near sensitive receptors viz. schools in discussion with Gram Panchayat and local villagers.  Movement of vehicles during night time will be restricted. Speed limits will be maintained by vehicles involved in transportation of raw material and drilling rig.  A Journey Management Plan will be formulated and implemented to control construction and operational phase traffic.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 141 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

 Routine maintenance of project vehicles will be ensured to prevent any abnormal emissions and high noise generation.  Adequate training on traffic and road safety operations will be imparted to the drivers of project vehicles. Road safety awareness programs will be organized in coordination with concerned authorities to sensitize target groups viz. school children, commuters on traffic safety rules and signage. In addition, ONGC will ensure that all vehicles transporting hazardous substances (fuel oil, chemicals, etc.) will be properly labeled in accordance with the specifications of the Motor Vehicles Rules.

5.1.7 Occupational Health & Safety Management Plan Scope The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) is applicable for all project operations which have the potential to adversely affect the health and safety of contractors’ workers and onsite ONGC personnel. Purpose The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) has been formulated to address the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed project activities viz. construction of well site, GGS, pipeline, development drilling and testing, operation of construction machinery/equipments, storage and handling of fuel and chemicals, operation of drilling rig and associated equipment,. Mitigation Measures

 All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provisions and to the satisfaction of the site Engineer.  Contractor workers involved in the handling of construction materials viz. borrow material, cement etc. will be provided with proper PPEs viz. safety boots, nose masks etc.  No employee will be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day. Provision of ear plugs, ear muffs etc. and rotation of workers operating near high noise generating areas.  Hazardous and risky areas, installations, materials, safety measures, emergency exits, etc. shall be appropriately marked.  All chemicals and hazardous materials storage container will be properly labeled and marked according to national and internationally recognized requirements and standards. Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or equivalent data/information in an

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 142 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

easily understood language must be readily available to workers and first-aid personnel.  The workplace must be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting equipments. Equipments shall be periodically inspected and maintained to keep good working condition.  Health problems of the workers will be taken care of by providing basic health care facilities through health centres temporarily set up for operations base camp.  The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and operated so that no health hazard occurs.  Adequate sanitation facilities will be provided onsite for the operational workforce both during construction and operational phase of the project.  Garbage bins will be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner.  Training programs will be organized for the operational workforce regarding proper usage of PPEs, handling and storage of fuels and chemicals etc. The Environmental Management Plan Matrix for the proposed project has been presented in the Table 5.7.

5.2 EMP BUDGET The tentative budget for implementation of the environmental management plans has been provided below:

TABLE 5-3: TENTATIVE BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

Sl. Budget Particulars of Work No. (in lakh INR) 1 Air Quality Management Plan

Dust suppression through water sprinkling in the internal unpaved roads a. 14.4 (@Rs. 10000 per month x 9 months x 1 year) Maintenance of paved internal road and transport route (budgetary provision b. 0.00 is included in operational cost of drilling) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring -12 monitoring location x 2 weeks per c. 17.28 location x 12 months (@ Rs. 6000 x 16 samples x 12 months ) Stack emission monitoring (@ 5000 per sample x 30 sites x 3DG sets x twice d. 10.80 during drilling) 2 Noise Monitoring

Ambient Noise Monitoring – 32 locations, once in a month a. 9.60 (@Rs. 2500 per location x 32 locations x 12 months) Workplace noise monitoring -7 locations per well, twice during drilling b. 11.20 (@Rs.2500 per location x 32 sites X 7 locations x 2 months)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 143 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. Budget Particulars of Work No. (in lakh INR) 3 Water Quality

Surface Water Quality Monitoring (@ Rs. 6000 x 4 samples from natural a. drainages for four seasons, 2 from ETP and 1 from oil/water separator from 6.72 32 wells once each during drilling) Ground Water Quality Monitoring b. 1.92 (@ Rs. 6000 x 32 samples for 32 wells once during drilling) Soil Quality Monitoring (@ Rs. 6000 x 32 samples x once each after 4 drilling and for emergency sampling during accidental spill over during 5.76 Site construction, drilling) 5 Road Safety & Traffic Management

a. Signage in the transport route & its maintenance (Rs. 100,000 + Rs. 10,000 ) 1.10 Deployment of traffic personnel in sensitive area – 15 persons b. 10.80 (@ Rs. 6000 per month x 12 months x 15 persons ) 6 Surface Runoff & Soil Erosion Control

Two chamber sedimentation tank at each drill site (Budgetary provision is a. 0.00 already included in the infrastructure development cost) 7 Municipal Solid Waste

a. Provision of two chambered covered collection bins at well site – 32 nos 3.00

b. Transport arrangement of waste from well sites to dumping area 4.00

8 Hazardous waste management

Construction of dedicated hazardous storage area and record maintenance a. (construction included under project cost; only maintenance included in this 5.00 budget) Drill Cutting, waste mud and wash water pits; HDPE lined b. 0.00 (budgetary provision in operation cost of drilling) 9 Surface and Ground Water Protection and Management

Surface runoff control measures for chemical storage area, fuel storage area a. 0.00 (budgetary provision is already taken care in earlier section) Paved /impervious storage area for chemical storage area, fuel & lubricant b. storage area (Budgetary provision is already included in the infrastructure 0.00 development cost) Domestic waste water treatment facility through septic tank & soak pits at c. 0.00 the drill sites (budgetary provision in operation cost of drilling) Commissioning and operational cost of ETP (commissioning cost 30 lakhs d. 33.00 for 3 ETP; operational cost Rs. 100000 per well X 30 sites) 10 Occupational Health & Safety Management

Provision of appropriate PPE to all workers and its maintenance a. 0.00 (budgetary provision is included in operational cost of drilling)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 144 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. Budget Particulars of Work No. (in lakh INR) Provision of drinking water, sanitation facility for all workers b. 0.00 (budgetary provision is included in operational cost of drilling) Provision First aid facility (budgetary provision is included in operational c 0.00 cost of drilling) d Provision of Ambulance facility (ONGC has its own ambulance facility) 0.00

e Regular health checkup facility (provided by ONGC for workers) 0.00

f Regular occupational health & safety training 5.00

Total Cost of Implementation of EMP 139.58

11 CSR Activity 2% of profit

Public consultation revealed that there is demand for better road infrastructure, drinking water facilities and health facilities in the area. ONGC will undertake a need assessment for development of infrastructure in the areas that public demanded. The CSR activities of ONGC within the Block will involve; 1. Improvement of road infrastructure 2. Development of surface water based drinking water facilities 3. Provision of health facilities for the local villagers The cost for the CSR activity will be determined after the need assessment studies conducted at the Block.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 145 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 5-4: ONGC TRIPURA ASSET- CSR BUDGET FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 2014-15 Existing Sector in which Name of the Agency/NGO, Postal Project Location Duration Total Fund Fund CSR Project or activity Brief of Project(Y/N) If Sl.No. the project is Address, Phone No. & E-mail address of the Requirement Requirement Targeted Beneficiaries identified Project/Event (Village, District, yes, Year of covered of agency Project for FY 2014-15 State) Approval (INR) Construction of Sports Infrastructure Badarghat, Agartala, DDO Directorate of Youth Affairs, 1 INFRASTRUCTURE Base Office at Dasaratha Tripura(West), Yes, FY 2013-14 243200000 243200000 Peoples and Players. Agartala Stadium,Agartala, Tripura. Tripura Patient and Society for Up-gradation of the Socieity for Tripura Medical College & Hapania,Agartala Tripura Medical College 2 INFRASTRUCTURE Base Office Clinical and Dr.BRAM Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Tripura(West), Yes, FY 2013-14 7,288,000 7,288,000 & Dr.BRAM Teaching Diagnostics facilities Agartala. Tripura Hospital, Hapania, Agartala. Waste Management Sr.Dy.Magistrate,Unakoti Kailashahar, Unakoti Peoples of the Unakati 3 ENVIRONMENT Khubal project in Unakoti District,Kailashahar(District Magistrate Yes, FY 2013-14 2500000 2500000 Dist. Tripura Dist.Tripura. District & Collector) Prayer for construction of Lalsingmura, Peoples of the Unakati 4 INFRASTRUCTURE Rokhia Dinning Hall in Lalsingmure H.S.School Sepahijala Dist, Yes, FY 2013-14 885000 885000 Dist.Tripura. Lalsingmure Tripura. H.S.School. Indian Institute of Information Setting up IIIT at Peoples of the Unakati 5 EDUCATION Baramura Technology(IIIT), Govt. of Tripura, Agartala,Tripura. Yes, FY 2013-14 40225000 40225000 Agartala Dist.Tripura. Agartala Manu Infrastructure Bankul,Sabroom, Peoples of the Unakati 6 INFRASTRUCTURE Gojalia development-cum- Bahujana Hitaya Education Trust Yes, FY 2013-14 24768000 24768000 South Tripura, Dist.Tripura. expansion Tripura. Request for grant Peoples of the Unakati 7 INFRASTRUCTURE Kunjaban towards purchase of a Sampari Hukumu Bodol Agartala, Tripura. Yes, FY 2013-14 898659 898659 Dist.Tripura. vehicle Karbongpara, Model Village, Chakpaknagar, Peoples of the Unakati 8 INFRASTRUCTURE Baramura Tribal Engineers Society, Tripura Yes, FY 2013-14 7287485 7287485 Konbongpara Tripura(West), Dist.Tripura. Tripura. Kunjaban, Agartala, Construction of Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Smriti Peoples of the Unakati 9 INFRASTRUCTURE Kunjaban Tripura(West), Yes, FY 2013-14 1288000 1288000 Dining Hall Vidyamandir Dist.Tripura. Tripura. Jampuijala, PO- Jampuijala- Construction of Peoples of the Unakati 10 INFRASTRUCTURE Agartala Dom Amardeep Social Organisation 799102,PS-Takarjala, Yes, FY 2013-14 386350 1322639 Toilets Dist.Tripura. Sepahijala Dist,Tripura CSR(Tushar Kanti Debbarma, Laying G.I. Pipeline PASHCHIMPRATAPGARH, VILL: from Health Centre PRATAPGARH,133 Khantimbari, 5(Five) Peoples of the Unakati 11 INFRASTRUCTURE Baramura Khamtimbari to STALINAMILANI,AGARTALA- Baramura area, Yes, FY 2013-14 1322639 1322639 months Dist.Tripura. nearby villages in 799003, WEST TRIPURA,TRIPURA, Tripura. Baramura MOB 9862451317, [email protected])

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 146 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 5-5: ONGC TRIPURA ASSET- CSR BUDGET FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 2013-14

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 1 Construction of Sports Project INFRASTU DDO Directorate of Youth Affairs, Agartala Badarghat, Agartala, Tripura(West), 243200000 Peoples and Players. Infrastructure at Dasaratha RCTURE Tripura. Stadium, Agartala, Tripura 2 School Infrastructure Project INFRASTU Kamini Kumar Singh Memorial H/S 2(two) months Dhaleswar(AA Road), PO- MBB 395570 395570 300 numbers of students Development Project RCTURE School,Dhaleswar(AA Road), PO- MBB Collge- Collge-799004, Agartala, 799004, Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura, Mob: Tripura(West) 9436454811,[email protected] 3 Release 1st Instt for KV, EDUCATIO KV, ONGC, Agartala 17184000 17184000 Management and Students of KV, ONGC, Agatala N ONGC, Agartala . 4 for Proposal for providing Project HEALTH Baba Garia Mission 388480 388480 Interest people of the Garia Hathia, one Ambulance vehicle for CARE Atharbla, Gomati Dist, Tripura and Baba Garia Mission at Baba Garia Mission. Garia Hathai, Atharbla,Udaipur, Gomti Dist.Tripura 5 requesting for grant-in-aid Sponsorship PROMOTIO Borok Hamkrai Welfare Society,Sankhala Para, 2(two) days Nazrul Kalakshetra, Agartala, 842700 842700 19(nineteen) tribal community and for hostinga festival to N OF Sonarambazar, Sidhai, Tripura(West),Tripura- program Tripura(West), Tripua interested peoples. promote the traditional MUSICIAN 799212, Mob: 9774320418 / 9615680625, and cultural heritage of S [email protected] indigenous tribal of Tripura at Agartala. 6 Prayer for financial Project INFRASTU North Nehal Chandra Nagar Janapriya High North Nehal Chandra Nagar Janapriya 398878 398878 Students of the School. assistance to construction RCTURE School,N.C.Nagar,Bishalgarh-799102, Sepahijala High School,N.C.Nagar,Bishalgarh- of Dinning Hall in North Dist.Tripura(West), Tripura, Mob 09436125279, 799102, Sepahijala Nehal Chandra Nagar [email protected] Dist.Tripura(West), Tripura Janapriya High School, N.C.Nagar,Bishalghar. 7 Project proposal for grant – Sponsorship ENTREPRE Indian Womens’ Development Society (TWDS), 3 Months Champak Nagar, Jirania, West 280900 280900 25 nos. Poor women in – aid from ONGC, NEURSHIP AD Nagar , Road No.11, Agartala, Tripura, Tripura Tripura Asset for Tripura(West), Tripua - 799 003, Mob : conducting training 8794230143/08587906778 programme for rural women for production of VERMI COMPOST. 8 Project proposal on 1000 Sponsorship ENTREPRE Tripura Jute Mill Play Centre, Hapania, PO - 45 Days N.C.Para (Mohanpur Block) under 393260 393260 Poor villagers, 10000 Nos. & 30 Nos. Nos. Mosquito Net NEURSHIP ONGC, Tripura(West) 799014,MOB - Baramura & Gajaria GOG, ONGC in artisans. distribution at 9774385155/9774083155 West Tripura District, Tripura. N.C.Nagar,Mohanpur Block, West Tripura Dist. Under Baramura & Gajaria GOG, ONGC, West Tripura 9 Up-gradation of the Project INFRASTU Society for Tripura Medical College & Hapania,Agartala Tripura(West), 7,288,000 Patient and Society for Tripura Clinical and Diagnostics RCTURE Dr.BRAM Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala. Tripura Medical College & Dr.BRAM facilities Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala. 10 for financial support for Project EDUCATIO Ïndian Institute of Information Technology(IIIT), 30000000 30000000 Students of the IIIT. setting up of an Ïndian N Govt. of Tripura, Agartala Institute of Information Technology(IIIT) at Agartala

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 147 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 11 Sponsorship of Late Chief Sponsorship SPONSORS Sukhamoy Sengupta Memorial Football 5(five) days Agartala, Tripura. 56180 56180 Interested Football games. Minister Sukhamoy HIP Tournament Committee,Jagaharimura, PO- program Sengupta Memorial Agartala-799001, Mob 9862181609, Football Tournament [email protected] which will be starts from 15th August, 2013 for five days. 12 Prayer for financial Project INFRASTU Jampuijala Play Centre, Jampuijala, PO- 3(three) months Jampuijala, PO- Jampuijala- 398878 398878 Members & Locality of the Jampuijala assistance for infrastructure RCTURE Jampuijala-799102,PS-Takarjala, Sepahijala 799102,PS-Takarjala, Sepahijala Play Centre. development of Jampuijala Dist,Tripura, Mob : Dist,Tripura Play Centre. 09436128462,[email protected] 13 Prayer for financial Project INFRASTU Vivekananda Seva Sangstha, Aralia, Agartala, Aralia, Agartala, Tripura(West) - 398878 398878 Students of the School. assistance for construction RCTURE Tripura(West) - 799004, Mob: 9774837403 799004 of School Building ,Aralia, 14 Project proposal for skill Sponsorship ENTREPRE Nivedita Voluntary Organisation, Jagaharimura, 2(two) months ADC villages Purba Devendranagar, 224720 224720 25(twenty- five) Poor rural ST youths. upgradation training on NEURSHIP Agartala, Tripura(west),799004, Mob Champaknagar, Jirania, domestic electrification for 9436122457 Tripura(West), Tripura. income generation of poor tribal youths 15 8th All Tripura Mega Sponsorship SPONSORS Tripurainfo.com,HGB Road, Post one days program Town Hall, Agartala, Tripura(West), 56180 56180 More than thousand registered Quize / kind support HIP Chowmohani,Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura - on 7.7.2013 Tripura. participants and high dignitaries of the thereof - contest on July 799 001, Mob: 9436120169, states. 7th, 2013 [email protected] 16 Request for release of Sponsorship SPONSORS Tripura Athletics Association,Room No.47, one days program Dasarath Deb Stadium, Badarghat, 28090 28090 Interested Athleticians financial assistance in HIP Umakanta Mini Stadium, Agartala - 799 001`, on 10.5.2013 Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura. favour of Tripura Athletics Tripura(West), Tripura, Mob 9436501458, Association [email protected] 17 An appeal for seeking Sponsorship PROMOTIO Tripura Hockey Association, Umakanta Mini 2(two) days Police Ground, AD Nagar, Agartala, 168540 168540 Interested Hockey Players donation / financial N OF Stadium(Near Birendra Club), Agartala, program Tripura(West), Tripura. contribution for SPORTS Tripura(West), Tripura - 799001, Mob : strengthening Tripura 9436124434 Hockey Association in Tripura State 18 Prayer for sanction of some Project INFRASTU North Tripura Deaf & Dumb School,Kailashahar, North Tripura Deaf & Dumb 123596 123596 Students of the School of North necessary asset items for RCTURE Unakoti District, Tripura - 799277, School,Kailashahar, Unakoti District, Tripura Deaf & Dumb north Tripura deaf & dump [email protected] Tripura - 799277 School,Kailashahar, Unakoti District, school,Kailashahar,Unakot Tripura - 799277. i, Tripura 19 Submission of a Project Sponsorship ENTREPRE Chetana Institutefor Women's Studies,Ambedkar 3(three) months Panchamukh,Badharghat,Agartala, 235956 235956 20 Poor Women. proposal on training -cum- NEURSHIP Bhavan,Melarmath, Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura(West), Tripura. production on tailoring for Tripura - 799 001. Mob 9436120240 / poor women of 9436453815 panchamukh. 20 Adoption of animals at ENVIRON Director,Sepahijala Zoological Park,Sepahijala, 6(six) months Sepahijala Zoological Park,Sepahijala, 337080 337080 2(two) Royal Bengal Tiger at Sepahijala Zoo – a MENT Bishalgarh-799102, Ph.(0381)2360026, Bishalgarh-799102, Sepahijala Zoo. proposal [email protected] 21 To conduct Medical camp HEALTH Saha Drug Distributor, Maszod Road, Agartala - one days program N.C.Para,Daigamura,East Simna, 70000 70000 450-500 beneficiaries for villagers in and around CARE 799001, Tripura(West), Tripura, Ph. 0381 West Tripura, Tripura ONGC’s operational area 2382773 / 9206041141 / 9206041142 22 Waste Management project Project ENVIRON Sr.Dy.Magistrate,Unakoti Kailashahar, Unakoti Dist. Tripura 2500000 Peoples of the Unakati Dist.Tripura. in Unakoti District MENT District,Kailashahar(District Magistrate & Collector)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 148 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 23 Promoting quality Sponsorship EDUCATIO Head of Office, Social Welfare,Abhaynagar, PO- one years only Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Agartala, 255675 255675 5(five) Children education and talent----- N Abhoynagar-799005, Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura Tripura, Ph. No.03812325544,[email protected] 24 Prayer for holding 9th Sponsorship ENTREPRE Govt, College of Art and Craft, Lechubagan, 5(five) days Agartala,Tripura. 359552 359552 20(twenty) Ishani Kala Sangam, 2013 NEURSHIP Agartala, Tripura program – regarding 25 Request for placement of Sponsorship SPONSORS Sr.Dy.Magistrate,Unakoti 8(eight) days RKI Playground, Kailashahar, 44944 44944 Interested Football games. fund Rs.50,000/- (Rupees HIP District,Kailashahar(District Magistrate & program Unakoti Dist. Tripura. fifty thousand) only for Collector) “Football Tournament” 26 Prayer for sponsorship for Sponsorship SPONSORS Baithaki Gharana, 21/2 HG Basak Road, Agartala One days program. Agartala Nazrual Kalakshetra 28090 28090 Interested persons. the Devotional Musical HIP – 9436121834 evening named Tomaar Kathay Tomaar Sure and releasing of a Devotional audio album Tomaar Naame. 27 Project Proposal for Sponsorship ENTREPRE Chitrarpita Art & Craft Society, PO – West 3(three) months Agartala,Tripura. 382024 382024 20(twenty) Conducting Skill Up- NEURSHIP Noabadi, Vill – Palpara, PS – Budhjong Nagar, gradation and Design Jirania RD Block, Tripura(West) 9862452212, Development Training on [email protected] Terracotta Crafts following Tripura traditional Tribes Sustainable Development of Rural Traditional Artisans in Tripura 2013- 14 28 Submission of CSR Project Project INITIATIV Tripura Council for Child Welfare, Office Lane, Tripura Council for Child Welfare, 398878 398878 for spl. School for CPMR Children. for Grant-in-aid for E FOR Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura - 799001,Tel Office Lane, Agartala, Tripura(West), purchase of a vehicle for PHYSICAL No. 0381-2327026, Mob : 9436457009 Tripura - 799001 Spl. School for CPMR LY AND Children. MENTALL Y CHALLEN GED 29 Details of Furniture, Sponsorship EDUCATIO Vidya Welfare Society, Office Lane, Agartala- Office Lane, Agartala- 799001, 150000 150000 25(twenty-five) students Educational Materials, N 799001, Tripura, Mob 9436122987, Tripura Sports & Musical items for [email protected] Vidya Welfare Society. 30 Project Proposal 2 months Sponsorship ENTREPRE Naimung Kwtal Society, AD Nagar, Badharghat, 2(two) months Sardar Kurkuri Para, Teliamura near 393260 393260 25(twnty-five) Rural Poor Womens. skill up-gradation training NEURSHIP near Badharghat Stadium, Baramura Power Project, on wood craft for Agartala,Tripura(West) -799003, Tripura Tripura(West), Tripura. livlihoods of traditional Mob9862172212, [email protected]. tribal handicraft women artisans at Sardar Kurkuri Para, Teliamura,Khowai, Near Power Project. 31 Proposal on Blanket Sponsorship ENTREPRE Spulinga Welfare Society, Jambura, PO- Khowai 45 Days Poor tribal villages of Tripura State. 392000 392000 1000 numbers of beneficiaries. distribution as donation to NEURSHIP Court-799202, Tripura, Mob : 9436512664, BPL people & SC/ST. [email protected]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 149 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 32 distribution of 2500 Sponsorship HEALTH Gomati Co-operative Milk Producer Union One days program Near Ramthakur Sangha, PO- 37500 37500 Poor children at the area of packets of milk among the CARE Ltd.(Gopal Ch. Roy, Ex-President, Tripura Agartala College-799004 Ramthakur Sangha, PO- Agartala poor children on 19th Pradesh Congress Committee,Near Ramthakur College-799004 and nearby locality. November, 2013 the Sangha, PO- Agartala College-799004,Mob : Birthday of former Prime 9436123819) Minister Lt. Indira Gandhi. 33 Payment 2nd and final Sponsorship EDUCATIO KV, ONGC, Agartala 14765452 14765452 instt. Of KV, ONGC, N Agatala 34 Proposal for sponsorship Sponsorship SPONSORS National Institute of Technology, 3(three) days National Institute of Technology, 33708 33708 Students of NIT and other interested for annual Robofest HIP Agartala,Jirania-799055, Tripura(West), Tripura, program. Agartala,Jirania-799055, persons. Asimov Week at NIT, Ph 0381-2346 360,[email protected] Tripura(West), Tripura Agartala. 35 Organising annual socio- Sponsorship SPONSORS National Institute of Technology, 4(four) days National Institute of Technology, 168540 168540 Students of NIT and other interested cultural fest MOKSHA HIP Agartala,Jirania-799055, Tripura(West), Tripura, program Agartala,Jirania-799055, persons. 2013 Ph 0381-2346 360,[email protected] Tripura(West), Tripura 36 Puja Parikrama & Nagorik Sponsorship SPONSORS KPS Sinha Media Pvt. 14(fourteen) days Agartala,Tripura. 56180 56180 People of the state of Tripura. Sanman,2013 HIP Ltd.DURGACHOWMOHANI BIPANI BITAN MARKET,PO - RAMNAGAR- 799002,TRIPURA(WEST),AGARTALA,TRIPU RA(WEST), TRIPURA, Mob 9862609645,[email protected] 37 Prayer for construction of INFRASTR Lalsingmure H.S.School Lalsingmura, Sepahijala Dist, Tripura. 885000 Students of the School. Dining Hall in Lalsingmure UCTURE H.S.School. 38 Prayer for financial Sponsorship SPONSORS Bharat Mata Club,Dukli, Madhuban, Agartala- 2(two) days Bharat Mata Club,Dukli, Madhuban, 44944 44944 Interested Kabadi Participants and assistance for Conducting HIP 799003,Tripura(West), Tripura,Mob program Agartala-799003,Tripura(West), peoples. 21st Senior State Level 9774726804,[email protected] Tripura Kabadi Championship 2012-13 & 5th Junior State Level Kabadi. 39 Setting up IIIT at Agartala EDUCATIO Ïndian Institute of Information Technology(IIIT), Agartala,Tripura. 40225000 Students of the IIIT. N Govt. of Tripura, Agartala 40 In house social work EDUCATIO ONGC Mahila Samity, ONGC Badarghat, PO- Tripura 300000 300000 In the state of Tripura. N ONGC Colony-799014, T ripura(West), Tripura, 41 Request for sanctioning Project INFRASTR Dr.B.R.Ambedkar High Dr.B.R.Ambedkar High 267999 267999 452 students of the School. supply of 80 nos. joint UCTURE School,Joynagar,Agartala, Tripura(West), School,Joynagar,Agartala, bench, 20 nos. of chair,10 Tripura. Tripura(West), Tripura nos. of table and 1 nos. of secretariat table. 42 Submission of Estimate, Project INFRASTR Kalitila JB School, Sadar – A – Inspectorate, Kalitila JB School, Sadar – A – 123596 123596 Students of School. Quotations and certificate UCTURE Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura - 799003, Mob Inspectorate, Agartala, Tripura(West), from Inspector of School’s - 9436571333 Tripura - 799003 as per your guideline 43 Prayer for providing Class Project INFRASTR Hapania High School, PO – IC Nagar, West Hapania High School, PO – IC Nagar, 239528 239528 563 numbers students Room furniture & others UCTURE Tripura(West), Tripura - 799014, Mob: West Tripura(West), Tripura - accessories for Hapania 9436134652 799014, High School. 44 Vocational training to SC / Sponsorship ENTREPRE The George Telegraph Training Institute, 6(six) months The George Telegraph Training 280900 280900 30(thirty) beneficiaries (Students) ST Candidates NEURSHIP Agartala Tripura(West), Tripura - 799001, Institute, Agartala Tripura(West), Ph.No.0381- 2382614/2380382, Tripura - 799001 [email protected]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 150 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 45 Proposal for installation of Project INFRASTR Sibali Educational and Social Welfare Society, 1(one) month Santa Nagar, Siddhi Ashram, 298361 298361 Villagers of Santa Nagar, Siddhi Hydrant Points at Santa UCTURE Buddha Mandir, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura. Ashram, Agartala, Tripura(West), Nagar, Siddhi Ashram, Tripura(West), Tripura - 799002, Mob: Tripura. Agartala Tripura(West) 9436736810 46 8th North East Dental Sponsorship SPONSORS Indian Dental Association,Old Kalibari 2(two) days Agartala,Tripura. 56180 56180 400 Dental Surgeons. Conference, Agartala 13 & HIP Lane,Krishnanagar,Padma Pukur Par, Agartala, program 14 December,2013 Tripura(West),Tripura - 799001, idatsb@gmail. Com, Mob: 9436120575/9436122654. 47 Financial Assistance for 50 Project INFRASTR Synod Foundation English Medium Synod Foundation English Medium 165787 165787 350 number students of the School. pairs of benches and desks UCTURE School,Lefunga,West Tripura, Tripura - 799210, School,Lefunga,West Tripura, Tripura and Desktop Computer [email protected], Ph.No.0381-2865560 - 799210 10(ten) sets for Synod Foundation School. 48 Bee keeping project Sponsorship ENTREPRE Golaghati Welfare Society, Golaghati-799102, one(1) months Golaghati-799102, 392136 392136 15 rural peoples NEURSHIP Bishalgarh,Sepahijala, Tripura, Mob Bishalgarh,Sepahijala, Tripura 09612682949, [email protected] 49 Prize money competition – Sponsorship SPONSORS All Tripura Body Building Association,Agartala one(1) days Town Hall, Agartala, Tripura(West), 112360 112360 Interested players. 2013 HIP progam Tripura. 50 Skill development Sponsorship ENTREPRE Spulinga Welfare Society, Jambura, PO- Khowai 20(twenty) days Khowai, Tripura. 395507 395507 50(fifty) participants programme on Agarbati NEURSHIP Court-799202, Tripura, Mob : 9436512664, Rolling for SHG members [email protected] 51 Celebration of 150th Birth Sponsorship SPONSORS Ashray, Kailashahar-799277, Unakoti Dist, 10(ten) days Kailashahar, Unakoti Dist. Tripura 89888 89888 Peolples of the Kailashahar area. Anniversary of Swami HIP Tripura, Mob 9436120358, program Vivekananada. [email protected] 52 Construction of residential Project INFRASTR Baba Longtarai Sevashram, Chawmanu- 3(three) months Chawmanu- 799273,Utttar Longtarai 400000 400000 Tribal students of the Hostel. hostel for poor tribal UCTURE 799273,Utttar Longtarai Valley,Dhalai, Tripura, Valley,Dhalai, Tripura children. Mob 09436136018/09862196613, [email protected]. 53 Infrastructure Project INFRASTR Bahujana Hitaya Education Trust Manu 24768000 Students of the Bahujana Hitaya development-cum- UCTURE Bankul,Sabroom, Education Trust. expansion South Tripura, Tripura. 54 Request for grant towards Project INFRASTR Sampari Hukumu Bodol Agartala,Tripura. 898659 Tribal peoples of Tripura State. purchase of a vehicle UCTURE 55 Computer training for 30 Sponsorship ENTREPRE Kathiya Baba Cubic Educational Society,MBB 3(three) months MBB Collge Road, Agartala, 213484 213484 50(fifty) Studemts projects of 100 candidates NEURSHIP Collge Road, Agartala, Tripura(West), Tripura - Tripura(West), Tripura - 799004 each 799004, Mob : 09862207368,[email protected] 56 Grant in aid for Children’s Project ENVIRON Janakalyan Parisad,Thana Road, PO- 3(three) months Kalikapur, Jubarajnagar Block, 133051 133051 Local farmers as well as Society. Bio-diversity Conservation MENT Dharmanagar,Tripura - 799250, Mob : Tripura (North), Tripura Park at North Tripura Dist. 09436476423, [email protected] 57 Additional infrastructure Project INFRASTR 108 Sri Sri Balak Baba Anath Sevashram, West 6(six) months 108 Sri Sri Balak Baba Anath 283911 283911 Students of the School. for existing orphanage and UCTURE Laxmibill, Officetilla,Bishalgarh,Sepahijala Sevashram, West Laxmibill, English Medium School District, Tripura,Mob : 09436456843, Officetilla,Bishalgarh,Sepahijala [email protected] District, Tripura 58 Training programme on Sponsorship ENTREPRE Generation Welfare Society,Harish Thakur Road, 3(three) months Bishalgarh , Sepahijala Dist. Tripura 282984 282984 25(twenty- five) Poor Womens. basic tailoring training for NEURSHIP Krishna Nagar PO - Agartala - 799001, Mob : 40 persons 9863038313, [email protected] Agartala

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 151 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 59 Sponsorship of IAPSM Sponsorship SPONSORS Indian Association of Preventive and Social 3(three) days Agartala Govt. Medical College, 112360 112360 500nos of Faculties of Community National Conference 2014 HIP Medicine,Agartala,PO- Kunjaban, Tripura(West), program. Agartala, Tripura. Medicine,Post Graduate Students in Tripura - 799006, Mob: 9436122899, Preventive & Social Medicine, [email protected] Members of IAPSM. 60 Grant in aid for Bamboo Project INFRASTR Vagini Nivedita Mahila Samity,N0.2-Kalachari, 3(three) months Kamalpur Sub-Division,Dhalai Dist, 395000 395000 6(six) numbers of beneficiaries. Cultivation on waste land UCTURE PO- Manikbhandar- 799287,Dhalai, Tripura,Mob Tripura 09436572138, [email protected] 61 Tripura State Tug-of-War Sponsorship SPONSORS Tripura State Tug-of-War 1(one) day Vivekananda Maidan, Agartala, 56180 56180 Interested Tug of war players. Association,Agartala HIP Association,Chandrapur, PO- Resham Bagan- program Tripura(West), Tripura 799008,Agartala, Tripura(West),Tripura, Mob 9436128708,[email protected] 62 Agarbati Stick and Sponsorship ENTREPRE Urban and Rural Development Society, 2(two) months Indra Nagar, Agartala, Tripura(West), 359552 359552 50 numbers backward womens automatic Agarbati NEURSHIP Chandrapur,PO-Resham Bagan - 799008, Tripura manufacturing training Agartala, Tripura (West), Tripura, Mob ; 09862217494/09774334669,[email protected] m. 63 Sponsoring the 7th ONGC Sponsorship SPONSORS Tripura Player’s Welfare One days program Agartala,Tripura. 224720 224720 Interested players. Agartala Marathon HIP Association,LAXMISHRI BHAWAN,SANTIPARA,Agartala,Tripura(West) , Tripura - 799001, [email protected],Mob 09436459395/09436122690. 64 Treatment of eye diseases Sponsorship HEALTH Voluntary Health Association of Tripura, Circuit Rural area of Tripura 390000 390000 Attending patient at 10(ten) camp for and cataract surgeries CARE House Area, PO- Kunjaban,Agartala, treatment of eye diseases and cataract Tripura(West), Tripura - 799006, Ph. 0381 232 surgeries. 2849/230 1098, [email protected]. 65 Training programme on Sponsorship ENTREPRE Tripura Jute Mill Play Centre, Jute Mills Qtr. 2(two) months Officetilla, Bishalgarh, Sepahijala 270264 270264 30(thirty) beneficiaries. tailoring NEURSHIP Complex, Hapania, PO - ONGC,Tripura(West)- Dist, Tripura 799014,MOB - 9774385155/9774083155, 66 Training on tailoring Sponsorship ENTREPRE Assitant Director(Rehab)VRC for Abhoynagar, Agartala, 171500 171500 15 numbers of students/bene NEURSHIP Handicapped,Ministry of Labour & Employment Tripura(West),Tripura ,Government of India, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Tripura(West),Tripura 799005,[email protected],Ph.0381- 2325632,Mob-9436452736 67 Model Village, Project INFRASTR Tribal Engineers Society,Tripura Karbongpara, Chakpaknagar, 7287485 Villagers of Korbongpara,Champak Konbongpara UCTURE Tripura(West), Tripura. Nagar, Tripura(West), Tripura. 68 Construction of Dinning Project INFRASTR Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Smriti Kunjaban, Agartala, Tripura(West), 1288000 Students of the school. Hall UCTURE Vidyamandir Tripura. 69 Construction of Toilets Project INFRASTR Amardeep Social Organisation Jampuijala, PO- Jampuijala- 386350 Students of the School. UCTURE 799102,PS-Takarjala, Sepahijala Dist,Tripura 70 Class room furniture & Project INFRASTR Katlamara High School 242550 242550 Students of the School. accessories UCTURE 71 Seeking grant for 200 Project INFRASTR Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Class-XII School 234151 234151 Students of the School. benches UCTURE 72 Skill up gradation Training Sponsorship ENTREPRE Mukti Marg, Vill. & PO Abhoynagar (Behind 2(two) months Dukli RD Block, Tripura(West), 160113 160113 25 rural Womens and girls. Programme on Jute Based NEURSHIP Hindi School), Tripura(West) 799005, Mob Tripura. Crafts for Rural Poor 9436480359 Women in Dukli RD Block, West Tripura.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 152 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Project / Amount Amount Sl. Brief details of CSR Name of the Agency/ NGO Postal Address, Duration of the Project Location Targeted Beneficiaries (Community Event, Focus Area Sanctioned utilized in No Project/Event Project & no. of Beneficiaries) Sponsorship Phone No. & E-mail address (Village, District, State) (INR) FY 13-14 73 Donation for furniture & Project INFRASTR Holy Spirit Girl’s Hostel, Gandhachara-799284, 3(three months to Holy Spirit Girl’s Hostel, 358178 358178 180 Tribal girls fixture for the study UCTURE Dhalai,Tripura, 03825 – 291418, Mob 1(one) year. Gandhachara-799284, Dhalai,Tripura purpose and Tube Well 9436717287, [email protected] with submersible pump 74 Laying G.I. Pipeline from Project INFRASTR CSR(Tushar Kanti Debbarma, 5(Five) months Khantimbari, Baramura area, Tripura. 1322639 Villagers of Khantimbari, Baramura. Health Centre UCTURE PASHCHIMPRATAPGARH, VILL: Khamtimbari to nearby PRATAPGARH,133 villages in Baramura STALINAMILANI,AGARTALA-799003, WEST TRIPURA,TRIPURA, MOB 9862451317, [email protected])

Budget Allocated (Rupees) :- 43,91,24,000/- Budget Utilized (Rupees) :- 40,65,52,006/-

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 153 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

5.3 PUBLIC HEARING The proposed activities qualify the Project under Category A and hence, the process of Public Hearing forms a pre-requisite for obtaining Environmental Clearance under EIA Notification, 2006. Public hearing was conducted district-wise for 30 development wells, GCS and pipeline in six gas fields across Tripura between 11th February, 2015 and 18th Feb, 2015. The people were notified of the meeting through a notice in five leading newspaper including one in English (The Telegraph) and in four daily regional newspaper (Dainik Sambad, Daily Desher Kotha, Syandan and Ajkal) on 19th January, 2015 (Annexure 6.2). The local people were concerned due to the activities of the ONGC. Public hearing was held on 13th February, 2015 at Khamtingbari Panchayet Office, near Baramura Thermal Power Plant, Khowai District. This meeting was held as ONGC proposes to drill 1 development well in this District. The major concern reflected from the local people was scarcity of water and power supply in this region. The minutes of Meeting are given Annexure 6.3 and the attendance of the people in meeting in Annexure 6.4.

TABLE 5-6: RESPONSES ADDRESSED TO THE PUBLIC CONCERNS/COMMENTS THAT AROSE DURING PUBLIC HEARING IN KHOWAI DISTRICT

Public Concer Response addressed by the Project S. N. n/Comments Proponent and Provided in the Report 1. Sri Dilip Kalal, Kalabasti, South Pulinpur Sri P B Das, DGM, ONGC as the water raised issues related to water supply and level in these hilly region is very low, it is electricity facility. Similarily, Sri Daina difficult to tap water. Also in few areas Manik Rupini, Narayanbari Village, Sri where ONGC has provided pipelines for Sujirul Malsam, Tamulbari village, Sri water, there is unauthorized tapping of water Bodhi Kr. Kalai, Kalabasti, Sri Thomas due to which the water at the end source is Malsam, Khamtingbari, Sri Manikpada reduced. He further added that he has Malsam, lungphung and Gopal Jamatia, spoken to DWS for solving the water Salkarpur also raised the issue of scarcity of problem in the region through use of ONGC water. CSR and DWS funds. For power supply, he asked the villagers to submit an application to ONGC Ltd. Through the Chairman, Khamtingbari Panchayet stating their problem. 2. Sri Narendra Rupini, Khamtingbari said Sri Das, ONGC assured that some plan will that the waterfall from uphills, a major be chalked out to protect it. source of water is drying up and steps have to be taken to protect it. 3. Sri Bishnupada Rupini, Naryanbari, sought ONGC said that the villagers should for distribution of gas through pipeline for approach TNGCL for this purpose. domestic purposes. 4. Purnamani Rupini, Chindraipara Dr. M.K.Das, Scientist C advised that a joint complained that a waterfall, the only source visit of TSPCB officials and ONGC of water in their area was polluted due to personnel along with Chairman, discharge of pollutants from previously Khamtingbari will conducted subject to a drilled site of ONGC. written complaint by the villagers.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 154 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 5-7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MATRIX Sl. Activity Potential Impact Mitigation No Pre-drilling Activities A1 Siting of well site facility Potential adverse impact on Selection of drill site taken into account of local environmental environment in the vicinity of the drill vulnerability site Sufficient distance maintained in between site and nearest habitation Potential safety issues to local people related to drill site preparation and drilling operation A2 Procurement of land for well Loss of agricultural land and crop Provide compensation for standing crops sites and related facilities productivity Finalization of compensation package in consultation with local Loss of livelihood for affected communities communities Minimal felling of trees and removal of vegetation through proper and careful selection of site. A3 Site preparation and road Loss of top soil and increase in soil Minimal felling of trees and removal of vegetation through proper and strengthening/widening erosion potential careful selection of site. Alternation in onsite drainage pattern Site preparation and road strengthening/widening activities to be restricted within defined boundaries. Avoidance of construction activities during monsoon season. Top soil stockpiles to be stabilized and stored in designated areas Provision of onsite drainage onsite. A4 Operation of construction Fugitive emissions and high noise Selection of low noise generating equipment machinery/equipments generation Installation of engineering controls viz. silencers, mufflers Occupational health and safety Rotation of workers operating in high noise generating areas concerns Use of proper PPEs viz. ear plugs, ear muffs. Periodic preventive maintenance of machinery/equipments A5 Transportation of drilling rig Generation of fugitive emission Periodic water sprinkling along haulage routes near sensitive receptors and ancillaries Community health and safety concerns Project vehicular movement to be restricted to defined access routes to be Disruption of public utilities identified in consultation with locals and concerned authorities. Community health and safety concerns Proper signage to be displayed at important traffic junctions along the

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 155 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. Activity Potential Impact Mitigation No predefined access routes. Night time movement of vehicles to be restricted The public utilities viz. telephone and electrical wire to be restored to its original condition at the earliest. Movement of rig and heavy equipments to be carried out in accordance with the Road Safety & Traffic Management Plan formulated. A6 Discharge of surface run-off Increase in sediment load contributing Provision of onsite sediment control measures viz. silt traps, to turbidity of receiving water bodies sedimentation tank Construction work close to the streams or water bodies be avoided during monsoon Run-off discharges to natural drainage channels/water bodies made to conform to G.S.R 546 (E) dated 30th August 2005 Drilling and Testing B1 Physical presence of drilling Temporary change in visual Restoration of site to its original condition following rig and ancillaries characteristics of the area decommissioning/site closure B2 Operation of DG sets and Air emissions and high noise Siting of drilling rig and facilities away from sensitive receptors machinery and development generation Installing acoustic enclosures and muffler on engine exhaust of DG sets drilling Occupational health and safety Setting up effective noise barrier at the fence-line of the site; concerns Exhausts of engines on the drilling rig diesel generators be positioned at a Community discomfort sufficient height Preventive maintenance of DG sets to be undertaken as per manufacturer’s schedule. B3 Casing & cementing of well Damage to subsurface aquifer Use of low toxicity chemicals Periodic monitoring of ground water quality be carried out for village wells located outside the project boundary to assess the level of ground water contamination, if any B4 Storage and disposal of drill Soil and ground /surface water Use of water based mud as the drilling fluid. cuttings, mud and process contamination Use of low toxicity chemicals for the preparation of drilling fluid. wastewater Recycling of drilling mud to be ensured to the maximum extent possible. Use of HDPE lined pit for disposal of drill cuttings, process wastewater

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 156 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Sl. Activity Potential Impact Mitigation No Disposal of drill cuttings in accordance with CPCB and MoEF guidelines on management of drilling wastes B5 Discharge of surface run-off Soil and surface water contamination Run-off from vehicular wash and chemical storage areas to be channeled through closed drainage system provided with an oil-water separator. Drip trays to be used during preventive maintenance of vehicles and machinery. Hazardous chemicals and fuel drum be stored in bunded and lined area equipped with proper spill control equipment. Drill cuttings and mud pit will be bunded and kept covered during monsoon. B6 Sewage treatment Occupational health problems of Sewage to be treated using a combination of septic and soak pits operational workforce The sewage treatment system (septic tank & soak pit) to be regularly monitored for any possible overflows, leakages etc. B7 Flaring during production Air emission leading to discomfort to Siting of flare stack considering nearest habitation and sensitive receptor. testing and process upset nearby communities Elevated flaring to be undertaken as per guidelines issued by CPCB for Oil & Gas Extraction Industry. Duration of flaring to be minimized by careful planning; Decommissioning/Site Closure C1 Dismantling of rig and High noise generation and fugitive Rotation of workers operating in high noise generating areas associated facilities emissions causing discomfort to locals Use of proper PPEs viz. ear plugs, ear muffs. C2 Transportation of drilling rig Same as in A6 Same as in A6 and ancillaries

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 157 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Monitoring is one of the most important components of a management system. Continuous monitoring needs to be carried out for regulatory requirements, to monitor the environmental quality and to determine performance of proposed mitigation measures. Monitoring indicators have been developed for each of the activity considering the mitigation measures proposed. Indicators have been developed for ascertaining the environmental quality and performance of the EMP implementation through Environmental Quality Indicators (EQI’s) and Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI’s) respectively which focus not only on quantifying or indexing activity-environment interactions that may potentially impact the environment but at the same time also help in comparing different components of environmental quality against previously established baseline values. Monitoring results will be documented, analyzed and reported internally to Head - HSE. Monitoring requirements have been described in the following Table 5.8. Frequency of monitoring and responsibility of carrying out the monitoring have also been presented in the table below.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 158 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

TABLE 5-8: PROPOSED MONITORING REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROJECT A) Environmental Performance Monitoring

Environmental EPI Performance Indicator Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No. (EPI) A. Design & Planning Proximity of sensitive Distance between the drill site and Once in project A.1 Site Civil supervisor environmental habitat sensitive environmental habitat lifecycle Proximity of nearest Distance between the drill site and Once in project A.2 Site Civil supervisor habitation nearest habitation lifecycle HFL at site Once in project A.3 Flood History Site Civil supervisor Return period of major floods lifecycle Location and Size of Land Number of land owners affected Once in project A.4 Site Civil Supervisor Leased Total area leased for drill site (Ha) lifecycle Once in project A.5 Present Crop Cycle Crop period (in months) Site Environmental Supervisor lifecycle A.6 Approval / Authorization Validity of the Approval / Once in project Quarry Civil Supervisor of quarries Authorization lifecycle Quarry/ Once in project A.7 Land use Land use Type Civil Supervisor Borrow Area lifecycle Distance of quarry / borrow area from Quarry / Once in project A.8 Haul Routes project site Civil Supervisor Borrow Area lifecycle Condition of haul road % of contractors sensitized on best HSE Manager & HSE A.9 Borrowing practices Borrow Area During site planning practices and relevant EMP provisions Supervisor Undisrupted flow of water Once in project A.10 Number of cross drainage structures Site & Road Civil Supervisor in drainage channels planned to number of actual stream lifecycle

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 159 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Environmental EPI Performance Indicator Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No. (EPI) crossings B Approach Road & Site Development Area occupied for topsoil storage/ Area Once during each site B.1 Topsoil Site HSE Supervisor planned for topsoil storage preparation Number of Cross Drainage structures Once in project B.2 Local drainage pattern constructed to actual number of cross Site & road Civil Supervisor lifecycle drainage structures designed Fugitive emission of dust Visual observation of dust in air by Site & Daily during site HSE Supervisor with Vehicular B.3 during site preparation haziness approach roads preparation / Civil Contractors

PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, HC, VOC HSE Supervisor with Civil based on emission factors Once in project Supervisor, Visual observation of emissions (black lifecycle Drilling/Civil Supervisor through HSE Supervisor Air emissions from signifying more pollution) Daily B.4 Exhausts vehicles and machinery Drilling/Civil Supervisor through Drilling/Civil % of vehicles possessing valid PUC Once in project life Supervisor through HSE Certificates cycle Supervisor, Contractors operating vehicles Noise emissions from Noise pressure level in dB(A) near Site & Daily during site B.5 HSE Supervisor vehicles and machinery noise sources (5m) approach road preparation Number of casualties / Number of Accident reporting Site & Haul During life cycle of B.6 fatalities HSE Supervisor Routes project

Fugitive emission of dust Near Visual observation of dust in air by Daily during the entire B.7 during material handling stockpiles and HSE Supervisor haziness project life-cycle and storage storages

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 160 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Environmental EPI Performance Indicator Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No. (EPI) C Drilling & Testing

Pollutant concentrations in gaseous Monthly during drilling emissions and maintenance parameters & testing Gaseous pollutant (air, fuel filters & air-fuel ratio) of DG HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.1 DG Stack emissions from DG Set sets influencing air emissions contractor Visual observation of exhaust smoke Daily during drilling & characteristics testing Noise emission from DG Near noise Monthly during the HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.2 Noise pressure level in dB(A) Sets sources (5m) entire project life-cycle contractor

On the rig Monthly during Noise pressure level in dB(A) floor Near drilling Noise emission from rig noise sources HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.3 (5m) Number of cases of workers not using contractor

PPE Monthly during drilling Site Number of casualties / Number of Accident reporting Site As and when accident HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.4 fatalities occurs contractor

Area of Spill / Quantity Spilled / Severity of Spill / Characterization of As and when spills HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.5 Spilled Chemicals/Oil Site Spilled Substances for Contaminants occur contractor (Heavy Metals, Toxics, etc.) Fugitive emission of Near Visual observation of cement dust in air Daily during the entire C.6 cement dust during stockpiles and HSE Supervisor by haziness project life-cycle handling and storage storages

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 161 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Environmental EPI Performance Indicator Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No. (EPI) Runoff from temporary Supervision of functioning of conduits / Fortnightly during C.7 Site HSE Supervisor storage areas drains, channels drilling phase Total CO, total hydrocarbon, Non- As and when flaring HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.8 Emissions from Flaring Methane Hydrocarbons, NOx emission Flare Stack occurs contractor estimates based on emission factors Volume estimate Waste water quantity & Weekly during drilling

quality (Process water viz. At discharge HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.9 CPCB General discharge parameters rig wash, formation water point Quarterly during contractor and Oil & Gas Extraction Industry etc) drilling Standards CPCB General discharge parameters Depending on Storm water/wash down At discharge HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.10 and Oil & Gas Extraction Industry generation particularly water discharge point contractor Standards during monsoon Total volume generated

Concentration of hazardous constituents Drill cutting storage and as per Hazardous Waste Management At storage Once during drilling HSE Supervisor through Drilling C.11 disposal and Handling Rules location period contractor

CPCB Onshore discharge standards for Oil & Gas Extraction Industry D Decommissioning/ Site Closure Noise pressure level in Site & HSE Supervisor through Drilling D.1 Near noise sources (5m) Once per site dB(A) Approach road & Civil contractor

Air emissions from PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, CO, HC based Once in project HSE Supervisor through D.2 Exhausts vehicles on emission factors lifecycle Vehicle/Civil contractor

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 162 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Environmental EPI Performance Indicator Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No. (EPI) Visual observation of emissions (black Daily signifying more pollution) Fugitive emission of dust Near Visual observation of dust in air by Daily during the entire D.3 during transport of drilling stockpiles and HSE Supervisor haziness activity facilities storages Visual observation of : Clearing of decommissioning waste Daily during Civil Supervisor with HSE D.4 Site restoration Leveling of site Site decommissioning Supervisor Relaying of top soil Regeneration of top soil

B) Environmental Quality Monitoring

EQI Environmental Quality Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No Indicator (EQI) A Approach Road & Site Development Fertility parameters like pH, NPK Once before site A1 Soil Fertility Site & adjacent areas HSE Supervisor ratio, Total Carbon, etc. preparation Natural drainage Analysis of Parameters as per CPCB Monthly during site A2 Quality of water channel receiving run- HSE Supervisor Use-class and road works off discharges

Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, At Surrounding Monthly during site A4 Ambient Air Quality SO2, CO, HC using ambient air HSE Supervisor receptor points and road works sampler Hearing / perception Daily site and road At surrounding A5 Ambient noise quality works HSE Supervisor Measurement of Noise Pressure Level receptor points in dB(A) Monthly site and road

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 163 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

EQI Environmental Quality Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No Indicator (EQI) works Analysis for suite of contaminants Site, adjacent areas In event of spills over A6 Soil Contamination (heavy metals, TPH, organics, and Waste disposal HSE Supervisor an area of 10 sq.m pesticides). site B Drilling & Testing

Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, At Surrounding Monthly during B1 Ambient Air Quality SO2, CO, HC using ambient air HSE Supervisor receptor points drilling and testing sampler Once during drilling Hearing / perception At surrounding and testing B2 Ambient noise quality Measurement of Noise Pressure Level HSE Supervisor receptor points Monthly during in dB(A) drilling and testing Analysis for suite of contaminants Site, adjacent areas In event of spills over B3 Soil Contamination (heavy metals, TPH, organics, and Waste disposal an area of 10 sq.m; HSE Supervisor pesticides). site once after drilling Natural drainage B4 Analysis of Parameters as per CPCB Monthly during Quality of water channel receiving run- HSE Supervisor Use-class drilling & testing off discharges C Decommissioning / Closure Once during Hearing / perception At surrounding decommissioning C1 Ambient noise quality Measurement of Noise Pressure Level HSE Supervisor receptor points Monthly during in dB(A) decommissioning

C2 Natural drainage Quality of water Analysis of Parameters as per CPCB Once after channel receiving run- HSE Supervisor Use-class decommissioning off discharges

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 164 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

EQI Environmental Quality Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency Responsibility No Indicator (EQI)

Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, At Surrounding Monthly during C3 Ambient Air Quality SO2, CO, HC , using ambient air HSE Supervisor receptor points decommissioning sampler Fertility parameters like pH, NPK Once after site C4 Soil Fertility Site & adjacent areas HSE Supervisor ratio, Total Carbon, etc. restoration

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 165 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

5.5 SOCIAL ACTION PLAN: The table below (Table 5.9) depicts the social action plan framed for ONGC after detailed community consultations on the problems faced by the lack of infrastructural facilities in the area.

TABLE 5-9 SOCIAL ACTION PLAN

Concerns Action plan for ONGC S.N 1 The locals face a problem of ONGC should support to strengthen the irregular drinking water supply. existing water sources which would help in The problem is more enhanced for the supplementation of the Government the people living in hilly areas. water supply schemes. 2. Frequent power failures is a ONGC should facilitate solar based common problem faced by the lighting for the affected people. locals. 3 The road condition in the area has ONGC should ensure that the road been affected due to plying of condition should be restored back to ONGC’s heavy vehicles normal. 4 Sanitation facilities in the region is ONGC should support low cost sanitation very poor. Government schemes and provide sanitation facilities directly or indirectly (by engaging NGO’s) to the local community. 5 Locals face a problem of drill site ONGC will ensure that the well pad is run off which affects their constructed on a higher elevation. Waste croplands. generated should be stored in a lined pit so that the surrounding farms are not affected. 6 The villages do not have schools ONGC will ensure to facilitate for higher education, however infrastructural facilities for setting up high villages do have primary schools. schools and also improve the quality of education in the existing schools. 7 Inadequate medical facilities is a ONGC will ensure a mobile public health major problem among the locals. facility as an aid during times of urgency.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 166 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

6 Disclosure of Consultants

SENES Consultants India Private Limited (SENES India) is a professionally managed, fast growing, wholly owned subsidiary of SENES Consultants Limited (SENES), Canada. SENES specializes in the fields of energy, nuclear, environmental and social sciences with offices spread across Canada, the United States, South America and India. SENES has been operational in India for more than seven years having Head Office in New Delhi with branch offices in Kolkata, Hyderabad and Mumbai with all supportive infrastructure necessary for project implementation. SENES India has accumulated a wide body of knowledge from its National and International Oil and Gas experience worldwide, including the EIAs for upstream oil & gas projects for Ensearch Petroleum in Jordan, Premier Oil in Assam, Geopetrol in Andhra Pradesh, Eni India in Andaman Sea, ONGC in Mizoram, Cairn Energy in Rajasthan and Gujarat, British Petroleum in West Bengal, etc. SENES India was responsible for carrying out the EIA / EMP report for the Development Wells, Gas Compressing Station and pipeline laying at ONGC Tripura Field. The team deployed for the proposed project is provided below:  Salil Das and Mangesh Dakhore: EIA Coordinator  Debanjan Bandyopadhyay- Air quality, Noise quality and Land use expert  Mangesh Dakhore: Risk Assessment Expert  Dhritiman Ray: Water Quality Expert  Ranjit Mukherjee :Socioeconomic Expert  Indrani Ghosh: Ecology and Biodiversity Expert  Indrani Ghosh: Air and Noise Expert  Anindya Mukherjee: Environmental Specialist  Dibyendu Chatterjee: Land use specialist  Nasiruddin Rahman: GIS and Mapping Specialist The EIA report preparation have been undertaken in compliance with approved MoEF ToR and the information and content provided in the report is factually correct for the purpose and objective for such study undertaken. SENES has already obtained QCI Accreditation under the QCI-NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations vide certificate no: NABET/ EIA/ 1013/043

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 167 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura dated 9th October 2010 and List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations (as on May 05, 2014)33. The QCI/NABET accreditation certification is provided below

33 http://www.qcin.org/nabet/EIA/documents/Accredited%20consultants.pdf

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 168 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 169 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 170 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

Obtained Renewal of accreditation 11th August, 2014 from NABET

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 171 ONGC EIA for BMDE development well in Baramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 172 ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

List of Annexure

Annexure 1.1: Approved ToR...... ii Annexure 2.1: Copy of Application of Forest Application ...... v Annexure 2.2: Ingredients of water based drilling fluid ...... vi Annexure 2.3: Special additives and their functions in water-based drilling fluids ...... vi Annexure 3.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... vii Annexure 3.2: Hourly Noise Monitoring Results (in decibels (A) ...... ix Annexure 3.3: CPCB Water Quality Criteria for Designated Best Use Classes ...... x Annexure 3.4: Shannon Wiener Index ...... xi Annexure 3.5: Checklist of Floral Species And Vegetation Types in the Study Area ...... xiii Annexure 3.6: Checklist of Mammalian Species in the Study Area ...... xxii Annexure 3.7: Checklist of Birds in the Study Area ...... xxiii Annexure 3.8: Checklist Reptilian Fauna in the Study Area ...... xxvi Annexure 3.9: Checklist of Amphibian fauna in the Study Area ...... xxvii Annexure 3.10: Checklist of Macrophytes in the Study Area ...... xxvii Annexure 3.11: Checklist of Fishes in the Study Area ...... xxviii Annexure 3.12: Proceedings of Public Meetings in Fields at Tripura ...... xxx Annexure 4.1: Formula Used for Calculation of Noise Level ...... xxxii Annexure 5.1: Resources Availalble to Crisis Management Team ...... xxxiv Annexure 6.1: Guidelines for disposal of solid waste , drill cuttings and drilling fluid for Onshore Drilling operation –GSR Rules 546 ...... xl Annexure 6.2: Notice of Public Hearing published in four Newspapers ...... xliii Annexure 6.3: Minutes of Meeting of Public Hearing at Khowai District ...... xlv Annexure 6.4: Attendance of people at Public Hearing ...... xlviii

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 i ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 1.1: APPROVED TOR

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 ii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 iii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 iv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 2.1: COPY OF APPLICATION OF FOREST APPLICATION

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 v ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 2.2: Ingredients of water based drilling fluid Sl No. Chemicals 1 Barite 2 Bentonite 3 Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 4 Mud Thinner/Conditioner 5 Resinated lignite 6 Non-weighted Spotting Fluid 7 Weighted Spotting fluid 8 EP Lube 9 Drilling Detergent 10 Caustic Soda 11 Potassium Chloride 12 Soda ash

ANNEXURE 2.3: SPECIAL ADDITIVES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN WATER-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS Sl No. Additives Function 1 Sodium Bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement contamination 2 Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone 3 Groundnut shells, mica of Minimise loss of drilling mud to formations cellophane 4 Cellulose polymers of starch Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter loss to formation 5 Aluminium stearate Minimize foaming 6 Vegetable oil Reduce torque and drag on drill string 7 Pill of oil based mud spotting fluid Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling string; Pill is placed down hole opposite contact zone to free pipe.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 vi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.1: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS Parameters Location Date 3 3 3 PM10 in µg/m SO2 in µg/m NO2 in µg/m HC as CH4 in PPM HC as Non-Methane in PPM VOC in PPM B M PARA 24.04.2014 36 6 < 6 10.2 3.1 0.2 28.04.2014 36 6 14 10.0 2.8 0.2 02.05.2014 54 6 12 10.5 3.0 0.2 06.05.2014 43 6 12 11.0 2.2 0.1 AAQ-1 10.05.2014 37 6 10 - - - 14.05.2014 70 6 34 11.5 2.1 0.1 22.05.2014 30 6 7 - - - 26.05.2014 45 6 19 12.5 3.1 0.5 WEST HAWAIBARI 24.04.2014 23 6 < 6 8.8 2.1 0.2 28.04.2014 29 6 < 6 9.0 2.3 0.2 02.05.2014 39 6 25 8.5 2.0 0.2 06.05.2014 45 6 20 9.2 2.8 0.5 AAQ-2 10.05.2014 49 6 11 - - - 14.05.2014 64 6 22 8.8 2.6 0.4 22.05.2014 36 6 7 - - - 26.05.2014 82 8 39 9.5 3.5 0.8 KHAMTINGBARI 24.04.2014 18 6 < 6 7.8 3.1 0.8 28.04.2014 29 6 < 6 6.8 2.5 0.3 AAQ-3 02.05.2014 39 6 < 6 6.5 2.2 0.4 06.05.2014 87 9 31 6.8 3.3 0.7 10.05.2014 48 6 10 - - -

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 vii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

Parameters Location Date 3 3 3 PM10 in µg/m SO2 in µg/m NO2 in µg/m HC as CH4 in PPM HC as Non-Methane in PPM VOC in PPM 14.05.2014 59 6 26 7.5 3.8 0.6 22.05.2014 22 6 13 - - - 26.05.2014 39 6 26 8.9 4.2 0.8 BONKUMARI 25.04.2014 44 6 10 4.5 1.6 0.2 29.04.2014 104 6 11 5.6 2.2 0.4 03.05.2014 18 6 13 7.8 1.4 0.6 07.05.2014 35 6 9 8.3 3.2 0.8 AAQ-4 11.05.2014 38 7 34 - - - 19.05.2014 81 8 43 4.5 2.2 0.5 23.05.2014 104 6 11 - - - 27.05.2014 55 6 19 5.9 1.8 0.2 3 Detection limit of SO2 :6 µg/m 3 Detection limit of NO2 :6 µg/m Detection limit of HC, NMHC and VOC:0.1ppm

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 viii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.2: HOURLY NOISE MONITORING RESULTS (IN DECIBELS (A)

Time B M Para Hawaibari Khamtingbari Bonkumari 6 43.3 36.8 39.6 40.8

7 44.2 37.7 40.7 43.7

8 43.7 37.0 48.3 41.6

9 44.6 41.3 51.5 42.4

10 41.7 40.7 39.6 42.8

11 41.5 39.7 47.6 43.7

12 41.8 44.9 37.9 43.7

13 41.6 40.0 39.9 42.4

14 40.8 42.0 45.3 44.4

15 40.6 40.1 39.0 41.3

16 40.5 43.9 39.7 43.7

17 41.7 39.2 38.9 54.5

18 39.7 36.5 38.0 42.4

19 40.2 36.5 38.0 40.2

20 37.9 38.4 39.0 42.1

21 36.2 39.1 38.6 44.0

22 44.2 36.6 38.1 39.1

23 39.2 36.6 36.2 40.7

24 39.7 36.5 36.0 35.7

1 38.8 36.9 36.0 35.4

2 36.3 37.3 35.8 40.6

3 37.1 38.0 36.0 39.6

4 37.5 38.2 36.3 40.1

5 40.4 38.2 39.1 44.5

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 ix ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.3: CPCB WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR DESIGNATED BEST USE CLASSES Class of Designated-Best-Use Criteria water Drinking Water Source A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or without conventional less treatment but after pH between 6.5 and 8.5 disinfection Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing (Organized) B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Drinking water source after C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or conventional treatment and less disinfection pH between 6 to 9 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild life and D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Fisheries Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Controlled Waste disposal Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 x ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.4: SHANNON WIENER INDEX Biodiversity Index of Boramura Debatamura Reserve Forest

Relative Relative Important Reserve S. N Tree Species Abundance Density Value Index Forest (RF) (RA) (RD) (IVI) 1. Acacia nilotica Linn, 1.90 0.7 0.6 3.2 2. Aegle marmelos Correa, (Bel. ) 1.27 1.1 0.6 3.0 3. Ailanthus integrifolia Lamk. 0.63 0.7 0.4 1.8 4. Albiza lebbeck Benth, 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 5. Albizia chinensis Merr 2.53 2.7 3.2 8.3 6. Albizia Iucida Benth 1.27 2.8 1.7 5.8 7. Albizia procera Benth 2.53 3.0 3.6 9.1 8. Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb 2.53 4.3 5.0 11.8 9. Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb 2.53 2.0 2.3 6.8 10. Azadirach ta indica A. Juss 1.27 3.5 2.1 6.9 11. Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn 2.53 2.5 1.5 6.5 12. Bridelia tomentosa BI. Bijdr 1.27 1.1 0.6 3.0 13. Butea monosperma Taub 1.27 2.5 1.5 5.2 14. Careya arborea Roxb 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 15. Cassia fistula Linn 1.90 3.3 2.9 8.2 16. Cassia siamea Lamk 1.90 1.4 1.3 4.6 17. Dalbergia sisso Roxb 1.27 1.8 1.1 4.1 18. Delonix regia Raf 1.90 1.9 1.7 5.5 19. Diospyros peregrina Gurke, 1.90 1.2 1.1 4.1 20. Diospyros toposia F. Ham, 1.27 2.1 1.3 4.7 21. Emblica officinalis Gaertn 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 22. Ficus benghalensis Linn, 0.63 0.7 0.2 1.6 23. Ficus religiosa Linn, 1.27 1.1 0.6 3.0 24. Garuga pinnata Roxb, 3.16 0.9 1.3 5.3 25. Grevillea robusta Cunn, 1.27 1.8 1.1 4.1 26. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb, 1.90 1.4 1.3 4.6 27. Lannea coromandelia Merr, 1.90 0.9 0.8 3.7 28. Litchi chinensis Sonn, 1.90 0.9 0.8 3.7 29. Litsea cubeba, Lour 3.16 3.3 4.8 11.3 30. Macaranga denticulata Muell, 1.27 1.4 0.8 3.5 31. Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb, 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 32. Mangifera sylvatica Roxb, 0.63 0.7 0.2 1.6 33. Melia azedarach Linn, 1.90 1.4 1.3 4.6 34. Pongamia pinnata Pierre, 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 35. Pterospermum acerifoliurh Willd, 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 Pterospermum lanceaefolium 36. Roxb. 1.90 1.9 1.7 5.5 37. Saraca asoka Roxb, 1.27 1.1 0.6 3.0 38. Schima wallichii Korthals: 3.80 6.9 12.2 22.8

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

39. Shorea robusta Gaertn, 3.16 4.1 6.1 13.4 40. Spondias pinnata Kurz, 1.90 2.1 1.9 5.9 41. Swietenia maagoni Jacq, 3.16 2.7 4.0 9.9 42. Syzygium cerasoides Roxb. 1.90 1.7 1.5 5.0 43. Syzygium cumini Linn, 3.16 2.6 3.8 9.5 44. Tamaraidus indica Linn, 2.53 1.1 1.3 4.9 45. Terminalia alata Heyne. 1.90 1.4 1.3 4.6 46. Terminalia arjuna Roxb, 1.90 2.8 2.5 7.3 47. Terminalia bellirica Roxb, 3.16 2.8 4.2 10.2 48. Terminalia chebula Retz, 1.27 0.7 0.4 2.4 Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck & 49. Muell. 1.27 0.7 0.4 2.4 50. To ona ciliata M. Roem 1.27 1.8 1.1 4.1 51. Trema orientalis Bl. Mun, 1.27 1.4 0.8 3.5 52. Trewia mudiflora Linn; 3.16 1.3 1.9 6.3 Shannon-Wiener Index (H) - 3.8

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.5: CHECKLIST OF FLORAL SPECIES AND VEGETATION TYPES IN THE STUDY AREA S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 1. Mirabilis Jalapa Linn, Krishnakali + 2. Bougainvillea spectabilis Wind, + 3. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, + 4. Achyranthes aspera Linn, (Apang). + 5. Amaranthus tricolor Linn, (Data, Nate, Ranga shak). + 6. Amaranthus spinosus Linn, (Kantamitia). + 7. Celosia argentea, Linn (Swet murgha). + 8. Piper nigrum Linn, Golmarich + 9. Piper longum Linn. + 10. Piper betle Linn. + 11. Cinnamomum amygdalina Nees, (Bhuiagach) + 12. Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees, (Talakung). + 13. Actinodaphne obovata Bl. Mus, (Tala). + 14. Litsea cubeba, Lour + 15. Grevillea robusta Cunn, + 16. Scurrula parasitica Linn, + 17. Tolypanthus involucratus Rox. + 18. Viscum monoicum Rox. + 19. Euphorbia nivulia F. Ham, (Sij). + 20. Bridelia tomentosa BI. Bijdr. + 21. Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Amalaki). + 22. Drypetes roxburghii Hurusawa, (Jaiputa, Putrajiva). + 23. Jatropha curcas Linn, (Sabon, Bherenda). + 24. Trewia mudiflora Linn; (Merua). + 25. Macaranga denticulata Muell, (Jhakura, Ratabura). + 26. Ricinus communis Linn, (Rerhi), + 27. Tragia involucrata Linn, (Bichuti). + 28. Gironniera caspida Planch. + 29. Trema orientalis Bl. Mun, (Chikun, Jiban). + 30. Trema orientalis var. amboinensis, Kurz. + 31. Ficus benghalensis Linn, (Bat). + 32. Ficus rumphii Bl. Bijdr. + 33. Ficus religiosa Linn, (Aswatwa Bat). + 34. Ficus hispida Linn, (Dumur Dhugri). + 35. Ficus microcarpa Linn, (Pakar). + 36. Ficus racemosa Linn, (Janja Dumur). + 37. Ficus elastica Roxb, (Rabargachh). + 38. Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb, (Chamal). + 39. Artocarpus hetrophyllus Lamk, (Kathal, Kanthal). + 40. Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb, (Dehua, Cham). +

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xiii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 41. Morus australes Poir. + 42. Dillenia indica Linn, (Chalta). + 43. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb, (Hargaza). + 44. Magnolia grcmdiflora Linn. + 45. Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb, (Duli Champa). + 46. Michelia champaca Linn, (Champa). + 47. Polyalthia longigolia Thw, (Debdaru). + 48. Annona squamosa Linn, (Sitaphal). + 49. Sarcococca saligna Muell. + 50. Schima wallichii Korthals: (Kanak). + 51. Shore a robusta Gaertn, (Shat, Eng-Sal). + 52. Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb, (Kashia Udal). + 53. Hibiscus rosasinensis Linp, (Jaba). + 54. Thespesia populnea Soland, (Paras, Paras Pipal). + 55. Sida acuta Burm (Berela). + 56. Sterculia villosa Roxb (Udal). + 57. Stercu lia indica Merr. + 58. Pterospermum acerifoliurh Willd, (Kanak Champa, Muskunda). + 59. Pterospermum lanceaefolium Roxb. + 60. Grewia viminea. + 61. Elaeocarpus obtusus Bl. Bijdr. + 62. Murraya paniculata Jack, (Kamini). + 63. Micromelum integerrimum Wight &Arn, (Banjamir, Karai). + 64. Citrus medica Linn, (Jamir, Lebu, Patlebu). + 65. Citrus maxima Merr, (Jambura, Batabi). + 66. Aegle marmelos Correa, (Bel. ) + 67. Ailanthus integrifolia Lamk. + 68. Garuga pinnata Roxb, (Bombuk, Engla). + 69. Azadirachta indica A. Juss, (Nim). + 70. Melia azedarach Linn, (Ghoranim). + 71. Toona ciliata M. Roem (Poma, Kuma, Tun). + 72. Swietenia maagoni Jacq, (Mahagoni). + 73. Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. + 74. Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk, (Barai, Kul). + 75. Ziziphus oenoplia Mill, (Ban Barai). + 76. Ziziphus rugosa Lamk, (Banbarai). + 77. Vitis vinifera Linn. + 78. Litchi chinensis Sonn, (Lichi). + 79. Mangifera sylvatica Roxb, (Banam, Laxmi Am, + Haibamin). 80. Lannea coromandelia Merr, (Bhadi). +

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xiv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 81. Spondias pinnata Kurz, (Amra). + 82. Anacardiu m occidentale Linn, (Kaju Badam). + 83. Moringa oleifera Lamk, (Sajina). + 84. Dalbergia sisso Roxb, (Shishu). + 85. Cajanus cajan Millsp, (Arhar) + 86. Butea monosperma Taub, (Palas). + 87. Sesbania grandiflora Linn. (Bakphul). + 88. Pongamia pinnata Pierre, (Karanja; Pitagaria). + 89. Bauhinia vdriegata Linn, (Kanchan, Swetkanchan). + 90. Cassia fistula Linn, (Sonari, Shonalu). + 91. Cassia nodosa F. Ham, (Bandar lathi, Latkalutia). + 92. Cassia siamea Lamk, (Minjori). + 93. Delonix regia Raf, (Krishnachura) + 94. Saraca asoka Roxb, (Ashok). + 95. Tamaraidus indica Linn, (Tentul). + 96. Albizia procera Benth, (Karai, Sadakarai). + 97. Albiza lebbeck Benth, (Shirish, Marai, Japhang). + 98. Albizia Iucida Benth, (Silkarai). + 99. Albizia chinensis Merr, (Shirish). + 100. Aca cia nilotica Linn, + 101. Terminalia bellirica Roxb, (Bahera). + 102. Terminalia chebula Retz, (Haritaki). + 103. Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck & Muell. + 104. Terminalia arjuna Roxb, (Arjun). + 105. Terminalia alata Heyne. + 106. Syzygium cumini Linn, (Jam, Kalajam) + 107. Syzygium cerasoides Roxb. (Botijam). + 108. Syzygium fruticosum DC Prodr, (Banjam). + 109. Syzygium jambos Linn, (Golapjam). + 110. Syzygium polypetalum Wight, (Panijam). + 111. Syzygium samaramgense Merr & Perry, (Jamrul). + 112. Syzygium syzygioides Merr & Perry, (Panijam). + 113. Psidium guajava Linn, (Peyara, Eng-Guava). + 114. Eugenia macrocarpa Roxb, (Chaltajam). + 115. Careya arborea Roxb, (Khumbi). + 116. Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn, (Hijal). + 117. Lagerstroemia speciosa Linn, (Jarul). + 118. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb, (Sidajarul). + 119. Adenia trilobata Eng, (Akand Phal). + 120. Anthocephalus chinensis A. Rich, (Kadam). + 121. Gardenia coronaria F. Ham, (Gandharaj). +

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 122. Xanthium strumarium Linn. + 123. Ageratum conyzoides Linn, (Uchandi). + 124. Carthamus tinctorius Linn, (Kusum). + 125. Mimusops elengi Linn, (Boal, Bakul). + 126. Diospyros peregrina Gurke, (Gab, Makur, Kendu). + 127. Diospyros toposia F. Ham, (Gulal, Kalakura, Gab Gulal). + 128. Carissa carandas Linn, (Karanch, Karancha, + Karamcha). 129. Holarrhena antidysenterica Flem, (Kurchi, Kuruj). + 130. Heliotropium indicum Linn, (Hatisurh). + 131. Solanum surattense Burm, (Kantikari). + 132. Andrographis paniculata Wall, (Kalmegh, Maha Tita). + 133. Adhatoda zeylanica Medik, (Basak). + 134. Lantana camara Linn. + 135. Duranta repens Linn. + 136. Tectona grandis Linn, (Segun, Eng-teak.). + 137. Gmelina arborea Roxb, (Gamair). + 138. Vitex peduncularis Wall, (Awal). + 139. Vitex negundo Linn, (Nishinda). + 140. Clerodendrum viscosum Vent, (Bhait). + 141. Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn, (Tulsi). + 142. Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gurke. + 143. Bambusa trutuans Wall, (Pichli). + 144. Bambusa pallida Munro, (Makal). + 145. Bambusa Polymorpha Munro, (Bethua). + 146. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn, (Pecha, Kaghzi). + 147. Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz, (Rupai, Orah). + 148. Melocanna bambusoides Trin, (Muli). + 149. Narenga dullooa A. Camus; (Dalubans). + 150. Oryza sativa Linn, (Dhan, Eng-Rice). + 151. lmperata cylindrica Linn, (Ulu, Kans, Sunn). + 152. Rumex maritimus Linn. 153. Rumex vesicarius Linn. 154. Corculum leptopus Hook & Arn. 155. Peperomia pnllucida Linn. 156. Cinnamonum tamala Nees & Eberm, (Tejpata). 157. Cinnamomum camphora Linn, (Karpur). 158. Litsea salicifolia Hook. 159. Litsea glutinosa Lour, (Kukurchik, Garpur). 160. Neolitsea zeylanica Merr. 161. Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xvi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 162. Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. 163. Helixanthera ligustrina Danser. 164. Helixanthera parasitica Lour. 165. Dendrophthoe falcata Etting, (Bajrangi, Amguruj). 166. Euphorbida lingularia Roxb. 167. Baliospermum javanica Bl. Bijdr, (Khungthi, Jahki). 168. Bridelia retusa Linn, (Kamkui, Kamlcuni). 169. Bridelia Stipularis Bl. Bijdr; (Koila lata). 170. Croton oblongifolius Roxb, (Chucka), 171. Baccaurea ramiflora Lour, (Iphek, Lotka, Bhubi). 172. Antidesma acidum Retz. 173. Breynia vitisidaea C.E.C. Fischer, (Silpati). 174. Drypetes assamica Pax a Hoffim. 175. Homonoia riparia Lour. 176. Chaetocarpus castanicarpus Thw. Enum. 177. Mallotus philippensis Muell, (Kishur, Tung). 178. Celtis cinnamomea Lindl. 179. Poikilospermum suaveolens Meor, (Jogkog, Kamlata). 180. Streblus asper Lour. 181. Cannabis sativa Linn, 182. Casuarina equisetifolia Forst, (Jhau). 183. Castanopsis armata Spach, (Kantalat, Batana). 184. Castanopsis tribuloides A. DC, (Bara Hingrai). 185. Magnolia pumila Anders. 186. Milliusa roxburghiana Hook, (Tasbi). 187. Flacourtia jangomas Raeusch, (Paniala). 188. Hydnocarpus kurzii Warb, (Chalmugra). 189. Xylosma controversum Clos. 190. Garcinia cowa Roxb (Cowa, Kau). 191. Garcinia xanthochymus Hook, (Tamal). 192. Mesua ferrea Linn (Nageswar, Nahar). 193. Camellia sinensis O. Kurtze, (Cha, Eng-Tea). 194. Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn, (Garjan). 195. Urena lobata Linn, (Ghagra). 196. Hibuscus sabdariffa Linn, (Mesta). 197. Microcos paniculata Linn, (Pichandi). 198. Elaeocarpus robustus Roxb 199. Solanea dasycarpa Hemsl. 200. Hiptage Benghalensis Kurz (Madhabilata). 201. Zanthoxylum limonella Alston (Bajrang, Kant-Harinda). 202. Glycosmis arborea DC.Prode (Ban nimbu, Kowatuti,

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xvii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field Ashhoura). 203. Citrus reticulata Blanco, (kamala, Narangi). 204. Clausena heptaphylla Wight. & Arn, (Karanphal, Pan Kafur). 205. Picrasma javanica Bl. Bijdr. 206. Canarium strictum Roxb. 207. Protium serratum Engl. 208. Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook, (Rata, Bandardim). 209. Aglaia spectabilis C. DC, Rangi-Rata 210. Aphanamixis polystachya R.N. Parkar, (Bagi-Rata, Pitraj). 211. Chisocheton paniculata Hiern. 212. Ilex umbellulata Loes, (Theny-ngoithen). 213. Vetis tuberculata Laws. 214. Leea guinensis G. Don. 215. Leea crispa L. Mont 216. Leea indica Meer. 217. Erioglossum rubiginosum Bl. Rumphia. 218. Meliosma simplicifolia Waip, (Rangi) 219. Mangifera indica Linn, (Am). 220. Holigarna caustica Roxb, (Phaloikung, Barola). 221. Semecarpus anacardium Linn, Bhela. 222. Crotalaria verrucosa Linn, (Ban-san). 223. Crotalaria spectaballis Roth, (Piplijhanjan). 224. Desmodium pulchellum Benth, (Juta-salpani). 225. Bauhinia malabarica Roxb, (Kanchan). 226. Entada phaseoloides Merr, (Gila). 227. Parkia javanica Merr, (Sapota, Kukitetai). 228. Pithecellobium hetrophyllum Roxb, (Arda, Moragmara). 229. Quisqualis indica Linn. 230. Anogeissus acuminata Wall. 231. Eugenia praecox Roxb, (Panijam). 232. Melastoma malabathricum, Linn, (Phutki, Ban Padam). 233. Memecylon celastrinum Kurz, 234. 235. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight 236. Lagerstroemia indica Linn. 237. Ammania glabra Endl. 238. Pas siflora foetida Linn, 239. Mitragyna rotundifolia O. Kuntze, (Phul Kadam). 240. Adina cordifolia HK. f. 241. Hymenodictyon excelsum Wall. 242. Randia longiflora Lamk, (Eshuri, Kala Main).

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xviii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 243. Coffea benghalensis Heyne ex Roem). 244. Meyna spinosa Roxb. 245. Mor inda angustrifolia Roxb, (Ralum, Haldiruk). 246. Bhusnea balsamifera DC. Prodr, (Kakaronda). 247. Tagetes erecta Linn, (BarhaGenda, African marigold). 248. Lactuca sativa Linn, 249. Grangea maderaspatana Poir, (Namuti). 250. Palaquium polyanthum Engl. 251. Xant olin assamica C.B. Clarke 252. Diospyros montana Roxb, (Ban Gab). 253. Lepionurus sylvestris Bl. Bijdr. 254. Olax acuminata Wall 255. Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. (Chandra). 256. Alstonia scholaris R. Br., (Chhatni, Letuang, Chhatim). 257. Nerium indicum Mill; 258. Ichnocarpus frutescens R. Br., (Paralialata). 259. Canscora decussata Scult. Mant. 260. Tournefortia candollii C.B.Clarke. 261. Tournefortia roxburghii C.B. Clarke. 262. Argyreia capitala Choisy. 263. Solanum erianthum D. Don. 264. Capsicum annuum Linn, (Marich, Lanka marich). 265. Capsicum frutescens Linn, (Dhani marich). 266. Oroxylum indicum Vent, (Shona). 267. Stereospermum personatum Hassk, (Dharmara, Baruljata). 268. Fernandoa adenophylla Wall, (Pahari Hijal, Shil). 269. Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Nees. 270. Justicia gendarussa Burm, (Jagat Madan). 271. Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl, (Matranga, Mathani). 272. Premna esculenta Roxb, (Weylan). 273. Premna coriacea C.B. Clarke. 274. Premna latifolia Roxb, 275. Vitex pubescens Vahl, (Awal, Arekodal). 276. Vitex altissima Linn, (Monawal). 277. Vitex trifolia Linn. 278. Vitex penduncularis 279. Bambusa balcooa Roxb (Shil Barua, Tel Barua). 280. Bambusa tulda Roxb, (Mritinga). 281. Oxytenanthera albociliata Munro (Kalia). 282. Saccharum spontaneum Linn, (Khagra).

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xix ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

S. Recorded in Scientific Name Common Name N. the Oil Field 283. Phragmites karka Trin, (Nal Khagra, Nal). 284. Arundo donax Linn. 285. Eragrostis tenella Beauv. 286. Eragrostis unioloides Nees. 287. Erianthus arundinaceus Jeswiet. 288. Erianthus procerus Raizada. [Source: Primary Survey Data, SENES, May 2014]

Vegetation Types The Boramura Field lies in Teliamura Forest Division. The important forest types found in Telimura Forest Division (Source: Forest Types of India 1962 by Champion and Seth) is presented in Table below

VEGETATION TYPES IN STUDY AREA Types of Forest Forest Division Cachar Tropical Evergreen Forests (I/I/IB/C3) Teliamura Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests (I/I/3/3C/C3) Teliamura Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests, Dry Bamboo Brakes (I/I/3C/2SI) Teliamura Secondary Moist Bamboo Brakes (I/I/2/2B/2SI) Teliamura

Cachar Tropical Evergreen Forests: This type of forest is found in low lying areas of the division where soil moisture is moderate or high. The garjan forests and the other evergreen tree forests of the areas are included in this type. The garjan trees occur in gregarious form in some patches of the blocks. It occurs in association with some other species in some place. The garjan is seen to have its associates like kanak (Schima wallichii), jam (Syzigium cuminii), bahera (Terminalia bakrica), awal (Vitex peduncularis), jarul (Lagerstremia parviflora), etc in several places. Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests: These forests are comprised of deciduous and evergreen trees. The deciduous trees are significantly present. The high hills are seen to have mostly deciduous trees. The evergreen trees are seen to have their presence in low hills, undulated lands and flat tilas. These forests have good density in many interior isolated areas. The undergrowth is thin to moderate. Three district stories in good density areas of the forests are noticed. The top story consists of kanak (Schima wallichi), jam (Syziguim cuminii), karai (Albizia procerra), chamal (Artocarpas chaplasa), jarul (Lagerstromia parviflora), chhatian (Alstonia scholaris) etc. The middle store consists of hargaza (Dillenia pentagyna), kumira (careya arborea), bhadi (Lannea grandis), rata (Amoora wallichii), poma (Cedrella toona), chhotamel (Sapium baccatum), medda (Trewia nudiflora), pichla (Grewia microcos) kaimala (Odina wodier),

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xx ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura kajikara (Garuga pinnata) etc. The undergrowth consists of eupotarium, melastomia, mecaranga, Strablus asper, clerodendron infortunatun, acacias etc. Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests, Dry Bamboo Brakes: This type of bamboo forest is found in the areas of Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests of the certain blocks. Muli (Melocana baciferra), mritinga (Bambusa tulda) and powra (Bambusa teres) are the major bamboo species found in these forests. Thatch and other tall grasses are seen to be present. Jhuming is responsible in many areas for existing of such type of forests; otherwise the bamboo forests would exist in small patches in this Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests. The quality of bamboo in moist areas of low hills, lunga lands and undulated areas is good but in drier areas, it is poor. Secondary Moist Bamboo Brakes: This type of bamboo forest is found to exist in parts of semi-evergreen forests. This type of bamboo forest has low spreading habit and usually do not allow other vegetation to grow under them. Pecha (Dendrocalamus hamiltonaii), makal (Bambusa pallida), dolu (Schizostachium dullooa), bari (Bambusa polymorpha), barak (Bambusa balcooa), etc. valuable bamboos grown in these forest. Their presence might not be seen in the forests for over exploitation in the past and excessive illegal extraction. But they grow abundantly in the house sites of the villagers living in the forests and in the vicinity of the forest areas.

Non-Forest Vegetation: The traditional dwellers of Boramura-Debatamure Reserve Forest have been given upto 4 hac of land as per the The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. These land are used for cultivation of pineapple, banana and citrus fruits that is supported by Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.6: CHECKLIST OF MAMMALIAN SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREA Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 1. Hoolock Gibbon Hylobates hoolock + I 2. Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulata + + 3. Stumptailed Macaque Macaca speciosa + 4. Barbe's Leaf Monkey Semurpithecus phayrei + 5. Phayre’s Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus phayrei + + I 6. Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis + I 7. Leopard or Panther Panthera pardus + I 8. Jungle Cat Fells chaus + + II 9. Leopard Cat Felis bengalensis + I 10. Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica + + II 11. Lagre Indian Civet Viverra zibetha + + II 12. Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus + + II 13. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi + + II 14. Indian Wild Dog Cuon dukhunensis + II 15. Indian fox Vulpes bengalensis + + II 16. Jackal Canis aureus + + II 17. Common otter Lutra lutra + + II 18. Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus + I 19. Grey Musk Shrew Suncus murinus + 20. Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus + + IV 21. Fulvous Fruit Bat Rousettus leschenaulti + + IV 22. Shortnosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx + + IV 23. Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica + II 24. Malayan Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor + II 25. Hoarybellied Dremomys lokrial + Himalayan Squirrel 26. Hoary Bamboo Rat Rhizomys pruinosus + + 27. Common House Rat Rattus rattus + + 28. Indian Porcupine Hystrix indica + IV 29. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis + + IV 30. Indian Elephant Elephas maximus + I 31. Indian Bison or Gaur Bos gaurus + I 32. Sambar Cervus unicolor + + III 33. Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak + III 34. Indian Wild Boar Sus scroj + + 35. Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata + + I

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.7: CHECKLIST OF BIRDS IN THE STUDY AREA Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 1. House Crow Corvus splendens + + 2. Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos + + 3. Redvented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer + + IV 4. Redwhiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus + + IV Black Drongo or King 5. Dicrurus adsimilis + + IV Crow 6. Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis + + IV 7. Pied Myna Sturnus contra + + IV 8. House sparrow Passer domestica + + 9. Tree Pie Dendrocitta vagabunda + + IV 10. Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus + + IV 11. Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus + + IV 12. Jerdon's Chloropsis Chloropsis jerdon + IV Goldfronted 13. Chloropsis or Green Chloropsis aurifrons + IV Bulbul 14. Shama Copsychus malabaricus + 15. Indian Wren-Warbler Prinia subflava + + Streaked Fantail 16. Cisticola juncidis + + Warbler 17. Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius + + 18. Jungle Myna Acredotheres fuscus + + 19. Hill Myna Gracula religiosa + + 20. Blackheaded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus + + IV 21. Baya Weaver Bird Ploceus phillippinus + + 22. White Wagtail Motacilla alba + + 23. Yellowheaded Wagtail Motacilla citreola + + 24. Grey Wagtail Motacilla caspica + + 25. Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata + + IV 26. Red Munia or Waxbill Estrada amandava + + IV 27. Whitebacked Munia Lonchura striata + + IV 28. Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica + + IV 29. Purplerumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica + + IV 30. Yellowbacked Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja + + IV

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxiii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area Scarletbacked 31. Dicaeum eruentatum + + IV Flowerpecker 32. Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus + IV Goldenbacked 33. Dinopium benghalense + IV Woodpecker Yellowfronted Pied or 34. Picoides mahrattensis + IV Mahratta Woodpecker 35. Blue Jay or Roller Caracias benghalensis + IV

36. Small Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis + + Whitebreasted 37. Halcyon smynenssis + + IV Kingfisher 38. Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis + + IV Blackcapped 39. Halcyon pileata + IV Kingfisher Brownheaded 40. Pelargopsis capensis + IV Storkbilled Kingfisher Common Grey 41. Tockus birostris + + IV Hornbill 42. Hoopoe Upupa epops + +

43. Pied Crested Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus + + IV 44. Crow-Pheasant Centropus sinensis + + 45. Koel Eudynamys scolopacea + + Blossomheaded 46. Psittacula cyanocephala + IV Parakeet

47. Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri + + IV 48. Barn or Screech Owl Tyto alba + IV 49. Brown Fish Owl Bubo zeylonensis + IV 50. Collard Scops Owl Otus bakkamoena + IV

51. Spotted Owlet Athene brama + + IV Whitebacked or 52. Gyps benghalensis + + I Bengal Vulture 53. Common Pariah Kite Milvus migrans + + 54. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis + + IV Emerald or 55. Chalcaphas indica + IV Bronzewinged Dove 56. Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus + Whitebreasted 57. Amaurornis phoenicurus + + Waterhen

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxiv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 58. Sarus Crane Grus antigone + IV 59. Bronzewinged Jacana Metopidius indicus + IV 60. Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasiarzus chirugus + IV 61. Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus + IV 62. Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus + + 63. Whitenecked Stork Ciconia episcopus + IV 64. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis + + Paddy Bird or Pond 65. Ardeola grayi + + IV Heron 66. Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax + + IV 67. Chestnut Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus + IV 68. Little Green Bittern Butorides striatus + IV 69. Shoveller Anas clypeata + 70. Common Teal Anas.crecca + IV 71. Cotton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus + IV [Source: Source: Primary Survey Data, SENES, April 2014; discussion with local people]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.8: CHECKLIST REPTILIAN FAUNA IN THE STUDY AREA Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 1. Tucktoo Gekko gecko + + I 2. Indian Garden Lizard Calotes Versicolor + + The Bronze Grass Mabuya macularia 3. + + Skink 4. Brahminy Skink Mabuya earinata + 5. Snake Skink Riopa albopunctata + + 6. Spotted little Skink Sophenomorphus maculatum + Common Indian Varanus bengalensis 7. + + Monitor 8. Water Monitor Varanus Salvator + I Common blind Ramphotyplops braminus 9. + + Snake 10. Indian Phthon Pyython Molurus molurus + I 11. Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus + + Common green whip Ahaetulla nasutus 12. + + Snake Common Wolf Lycodon Aulicus aulicus 13. + Snake Red necked Rhabdophis Subminiata 14. + + Keelback Common Indian Dendrclaphis tristis 15. + Bronze back Common Indian Bungarus Caeruleus 16. + + Krait 17. Indian Cobra Naja naja + + II [Source: Source: Primary Survey Data, SENES, April 2014; discussion with local people]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxvi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.9: CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIAN FAUNA IN THE STUDY AREA Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 1. Common Indian Buufo melanosticytus + + Toad 2. Beordmores Microhyla berdmorei + Microhylid Frog 3. Omata Microhylid Microhyla omate + 4. Painted Frog Kaloula Plulchra + + 5. Nicobar frog Rana nicobariensis + 6. Skipping frog Rana lcyanophlyctis + + 7. Gunthers Warty Frog Rana Keralensis + 8. Cricket frog Rana limnocharis + + 9. Indian Bull Frog Raja tigerina + + 10. Tree Frog Polypedates lelucomystax + + [Source: Source: Primary Survey Data, SENES, April 2014; discussion with local people]

ANNEXURE 3.10: CHECKLIST OF MACROPHYTES IN THE STUDY AREA Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name Local Distribution 1. Alternanthera sessilis -- Abundant

2. Commelina benghalensis Kanasimolu Abundant

3. Cyperus bravifolius -- Abundant

4. Cyperus rotendus Motha Abundant

5. Eichornia Crassipes Meteka Common

6. Hydrilla verticillata -- Abundant

7. Lemna natans Sorupuni Abundant

8. Pistia stratiotes Barpuni Abundant

9. Sagittari sagittifolia -- Abundant

10. Phragmites karka -- Common

11. Tridax procumbens -- Common

12. Vallisneria sp. -- Common

[Source: Source: Primary Survey Data, SENES, April 2014]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxvii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.11: CHECKLIST OF FISHES IN THE STUDY AREA Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 1. Eel Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis + + 2. Ghaoura Pisodonophis boro + 3. Chapiia Gudusia chapra + + 4. Chital Notopterus chitala + 5. Chap Khowari Chela (Chela) cachius + + 6. Dan Kina Chela (Chela) laubuca + 7. Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix + + 8. Bushpata Danio derario + + 9. Maka Amblypharyngoden mola + 10. Caedra Barilius barila + 11. Carpio Cyprinus carpio carpio + 12. Puti (Tit) Puntius chola + + 13. Kanchan Puti Puntius chola + + 14. Bhangna Laeo bata + + 15. Bata Labeo baga + + 16. Kalibaus Labeo calbasu + + 17. Gonya Labeo gonius + 18. Rui Labeo rohita + + 19. Maha Sol Tor putitora + 20. Mrigal Cerrhinus mrigala + + 21. Catla Catla catla + + 22. Grass carp Cteaopharyngodon idella + + 23. Ranimach Nsoemacrcilus lbotia + 24. Gutum Lepocephalus guntea + 25. Reta Rita rita + + 26. Batasio Batasco batasia + 27. Tengra Mystusl bleekeri + + 28. Pabda Ompok bimaclulatlus + + 29. Boal Wallago attu + + 30. Kadali (Kajali) Ailia coila + 31. Gaoura Clupisoma garua + + 32. Bacha Elutropiichthys murius + + 33. Silon Silonia silondia +

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxviii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

Reported Reported Wildlife Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name in Study in Tripura Schedule Area 34. Pangash Pangasius pangasius + 35. Gagot Hara hara + 36. Bhagmach Bagarius bagarius + 37. Magur Clarias batrachus + + 38. Shing Heteropneustes fossilis + + 39. Kut Kutya Chaca chaca + 40. Kakhya Xenentodon cancila + 41. Gagar Channa marulius + + 42. Cheng Channa orientalis + + 43. Taki, lati Channa Punctatus + + 44. Kuchia Monopterus cuchi + + 45. Chanda Chanda nama + + 46. Koi Badis badis + + 47. Mani Nandus nandus + + 48. Tilapia Oreochromis mossamleiea + + 49. Bhalia Glossogobius giuris + + 50. Khalisha Colisa fasciata + + 51. Baim Mastacembelus armatus armatus + + 52. Tepa (Futika) Tetraodon cutcutia + [Source: Secondary Data from Local People]

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxix ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 3.12: PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC MEETINGS IN FIELDS AT TRIPURA

Proceedings of the Meeting with the Community Members in Khamtingbari Village Venue:– Khamtingbari (Boramura Gas Field) Date: 24.05.14 Attendees from the Community: From the Consultants: Mr. Anil Deb Brama Mr.Souvik Basu Mr. Nibaran Deb Barma Mr. Dibyendu Chakraborty Mr. Khokon Deb Barma

In Khamtingbari, there are five wards. These are Ward 1 (Ganthalang Para), Ward 2 (Authuthang Para), Ward 3 (Belphun), Ward 4 (Sinai Kani), and Ward 5 (Khamthingbari). Whole population is from Halan and tripuri community. Majority of the population of the village is Hindu and other than that there is some christen community also present. The whole community is dependent on agriculture to earn their lively hood. As there is no irrigation, each year single crop of paddy is harvested from the fields. Paddy is grown during the rainy season. Community is also engaged in horticulture activity. Few people are also involved in Government jobs. Potable water is obtained from ARWS Scheme and mini deep tube well. The water quality was reported to be iron contaminated. Ground water is also used for other household activity. Most of the houses in the village are made up of tin. Few houses are made up of mud and bamboo walls, with thatched roof. All the houses in the village have electric connection; however, frequent power failures were also reported. Predominant cooking medium in the village is fuel wood. The village can be approached through a tar road. Primary is present in the village. All the houses have either pit latrine or sanitary latrine. As a result cases of enteric diseases were also reported to be very low. Community reported occurrence of vector borne diseases. Primary health care facility is available in the village.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxx ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

Proceedings of the Meeting with the Community Members in Dakhin Pulinpur Village Venue:– Dakhin Pulinpur (Boramura Gas Field) Date: 24.05.14 Attendees from the Community: From the Consultants: Vivek Deb Barma Mr. Souvik Basu Raju Deb Barma Mr. Dibyendu Chakraborty Nirmal Deb Barma

The whole community consists of Tripuri community and they follows of Hindu faith.. A large portion of the community is engaged in cultivation of paddy. Due to the lack of irrigation mono cropping of paddy is mainly practiced during the monsoon months. Considerable portion of the community is engaged in other activity like horticulture Few people are also involved in Government jobs. Potable water is obtained from ARWS scheme and mini deep tube well tube well. Ground water is also used for other household activity. Community had complained about high concentration of iron in ground water. Most of the houses in the village are made up of Tin but there is also some cement and brick house with roof of asbestos sheet is present. All the houses in the village have electric connection; however, frequent power failures were also reported. Predominant cooking medium in the village is fuel wood. The village can be approached through a tar road. Primary is present in the village. All the houses have either pit latrine or sanitary latrine. As a result cases of enteric diseases were also reported to be very low. Community reported occurrence of vector borne diseases. Primary health care facility is available in the village.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 4.1: FORMULA USED FOR CALCULATION OF NOISE LEVEL

A. CALCULATION FOR DETERMINATION OF NOISE LEVEL AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES

Distance from the source where Noise level is measured = R1 [Here considered 10 m.]

At the distance R1, Noise Level (L1) = 94 db

Let the distance of receiver from the source = R2 [Here calculated at various distance]

Therefore, at the distance R2 Noise Level (L2) = L1 – 20 Log (R2/R1) B. CALCULATION FOR COMBINED NOISE LEVEL AT CERTAIN POINT Let, Ambient (Base) Noise Level at a certain point = Leq1 [Here considered as 50 db] Noise Level coming from a point source at the same point = Leq2 So, there will be a combined noise level (Leq3) at that point. Combined Noise Level (Leq3) = 10 Log (10 Leq1/10 + 10 Leq2/10) C. CALCULATION OF ATTENUATION The noise reduction due to barrier (attenuation) is determined by first calculating the path length difference (δ). Path length is defined by the following equation: δ = A + B – C Here, A = Angular distance from source (S) of the noise to noise barrier (B) B = Angular distance from the noise barrier (B) to noise receiver (R) C = Linear distance from source (S) and receiver (R) of the noise In the following a Schematic Diagramme is provided to show the positions of noise source, receiver and barrier.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

X3

X4 X2 X5

X1 X7 X6

X1 to X6 = Ground Level, X2 = Source of Noise (at man height), X3 = Receiver of Noise (at man height), X3 to X7 = Height of the Barrier from the ground level, X4 to X7 = Effective Height of barrier (here considered as 4 m.), A = Distance between X2 and X3, B = Distance between X3 and X5, C = Distance between X1 and X6.

Frequency (f) of the noise at the source is considered as 500 Hz. Velocity (c) of the sound = 340 m./sec.

We know from the standard formula, Wave Length (λ) = c / f

Here we have calculated the wave length as (500/340) m. = 0.68 m.

From these results we have to calculate the Fresnel Number (N), which is determined by the following equation:

N = δ / λ = (A+B-C) / λ

Having the value of N (Fresnel Number), Attenuation (Ae) value is determined from the Standard semi-logarithmic graph.

When the value of Attenuation (Ae) is deducted from the noise level, we get the net noise level (Leq) at that place after putting a barrier or attenuation along the path of noise i.e. Leq(actual) – Ae = Leq(net value)

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxiii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 5.1: RESOURCES AVAILALBLE TO CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAM

List of equipment of blowout control available at rcmt, eastern region

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxiv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

Communication van (DCM Toyota) Fire fighting pump

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxvi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxvii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxviii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xxxix ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 6.1: GUIDELINES FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE , DRILL CUTTINGS AND DRILLING FLUID FOR ONSHORE DRILLING OPERATION –GSR RULES 546

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS NOTIFICATION

New Delhi, the 30th August, 2005

G.S.R.546 (E)-. In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules further to amend the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, namely: -

" C. Guidelines for Disposal of Solid Waste, Drill Cutting and Drilling Fluids for Offshore and Onshore Drilling Operation-

1. Disposal of Drill Cutting and Drilling Fluids for On-shore Installations:

(a) Drill Cuttings (DC) originating from on-shore or locations close to shore line and separated from Water Base Mud (WBM) should be properly washed and unusable drilling fluids (DF) such as WBM, Oil Base Mud (OBM), Synthetic Base Mud (SBM) should be disposed off in a well designed pit lined with impervious liner located off-site or on-site. The disposal pit should be provided additionally with leachate collection system.

Design aspects of the impervious waste disposal pit; capping of disposal pit should be informed by the oil industry to State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) at the time of obtaining consent.

(b) Use of diesel base mud is prohibited. Only WBM should be used for on-shore oil drilling operations.

(c) In case of any problem due to geological formation for drilling, low toxicity OBM having aromatic content< 1% should be used. If the operators intend to use such OBM to mitigate specific whole problem/ SBM it should be intimated to Ministry of Environment and Forests/State Pollution Control Board.

(d) The chemical additives used for the preparation of DF should have low toxicity i.e. 96 hr LC50 > 30,000 mg/l as

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xl ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

per mysid toxicity or toxicity test conducted on locally available sensitive sea species. The chemicals used (mainly organic constituents) should be biodegradable.

(e) DC separated from OBM after washing should have oil content at < 10 gm/kg for disposal into disposal pit.

(f) The waste pit after it is filled up shall be covered with impervious liner, over which, a thick layer of native soil with proper top slope is provided.

(g) Low toxicity OBM should be made available at installation during drilling operation.

(h) Drilling wastewater including DC wash water should be collected in the disposal pit evaporated or treated and should comply with the notified standards for on-shore disposal.

(i) Barite used in preparation of DF shall not contain Hg> 1 mg/kg & Cd> 3mg/kg.

(j) Total material acquired for preparation of drill site must be restored after completion of drilling operation leaving no waste material at site. SPCB should be informed about the restoration work.

(k) In case, environmentally acceptable methods for disposal of drill waste such as (a) injection to a formation through casing annuals, if conditions allow (b) land farming at suitable location (c) bio-remediation (d) incineration or (e) solidification can be considered, in such cases oil industry is required to submit proposal to Ministry of Environment and Forests/State Pollution Control Board (MoEF/SPCB) for approval.

(F. No. Q-15017/95/2000-CPW)

(R. K. VAISH) JOINT SECRETARY TO THE GOVT. OF INDIA

Note : The principal rules were published in the Gazette of India vide number S.O. 844 (E) dated 19th November, 1986 and subsequently amended vide S.O. 433(E) dated 18th April, 1987, S.O. 64(E) dated 18th January, 1988, S.O. 3(E) dated 3rd

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xli ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

January, 1989, S.O. 190(E) dated 15th March, 1989, G.S.R. 913(E) dated 24th October, 1989, S.O. 12(E) dated the 8th January, 1990, G.S.R. 742(E) dated the 30th August, 1990, S.O. 23(E) dated the 16th January, 1991, G.S.R. 93(E) dated the 21st February, 1991, G.S.R. 95(E) dated the 12th February, 1992, G.S.R. 329(E) dated the 13th March, 1992, G.S.R. 475(E) dated the 5th May, 1992, G.S.R. 797(E) dated the 1st October, 1992, G.S.R. 386(E) dated the 28th April, 1993, G.S.R. 422(E) dated the 19th May, 1993, G.S.R. 801(E) dated the 31st December, 1993, G.S.R. 176(E) dated the 3rd April, 1996, G.S.R. 631(E) dated the 31st October, 1997, G.S.R. 504(E) dated the 20th August, 1998, G.S.R. 7(E) dated the 2nd January, 1999, G.S.R. 682(E) dated the 6th October, 1999, G.S.R. 742(E) dated the 25th September, 2000, G.S.R. 72(E) dated the 6th February, 2001, G.S.R. 54(E) dated the 22nd January, 2002, G.S.R. 371(E) dated the 17th May, 2002, G.S.R. 489(E) dated the 9th July, 2002, S.O. 1088(E) dated the 11th October, 2002, G.S.R. 849(E) dated the 30th December, 2002, G.S.R. 520(E) dated the 1st July, 2003 and G.S.R. 92(E) dated the 29th January, 2004, G.S.R. 448 (E) dated the 12th July, 2004 and Corrigenda G.S.R. 520(E) dated 12th August, 2004, G.S.R 272 (E) dated 5th May 2005 and G.S.R. 315 (E) dated 16th May 2005.

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xlii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 6.2: NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PUBLISHED IN FOUR NEWSPAPERS

ADVERTISEMENT PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH NEWSPAPER

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xliii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ADVERTISEMENT PUBLISHED IN LOCAL LANGUAGE

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xliv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 6.3: MINUTES OF MEETING OF PUBLIC HEARING AT KHOWAI DISTRICT

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xlv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xlvi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xlvii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

ANNEXURE 6.4: ATTENDANCE OF PEOPLE AT PUBLIC HEARING KHOWAI DISTRICT

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xlviii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 xlix ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 l ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 li ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 lii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 liii ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 liv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 lv ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 lvi ONGC Annexure EIA for BMDE development well in Boramura Field at Tripura

SENES/K-20233/ Aug 2015 lvii ONGC