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Research Article Provenances Variation in Growth Traits of Aquilaria Malaccansis Lam

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Research Article Provenances Variation in Growth Traits of Aquilaria Malaccansis Lam Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 6(1): 183-190 (Mar 2015) ISSN 0975-928X Research Article Provenances variation in growth traits of Aquilaria malaccansis Lam. suitable to south indian condition M.B.Noor mohamed, K.T.Parthiban and R.Ravi1 Department of Tree Breeding, Forest College and Research Institute, TNAU, Mettupalayam-641 301 (Tamil Nadu). 1Scientist (Forestry), Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional station, Bikaner-334001(Rajasthan). E-mail:[email protected] (Received: 02 June 2014; Accepted:15 Jan 2015) Abstract Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. is one of the important species to produce resin-impregnated heartwood that is fragrant and highly valuable and traded internationally. A field experiment was laid out in RBD by using plants raised from 22 provenances collection of Aquilaria malacanssis from 3 states of North-Eastern hill regions of India. The genotypes viz., MDLY, NHJA and KHOW-1 recorded significantly higher values than the rest of the genotypes. Genotypic coefficients of variability were less than phenotypic coefficient of variability. Maximum variability was observed for volume index (18.98) followed by number of branches (16.78). Collar diameter (2.465) was recorded as minimum GCV value. Volume index (21.35) was registered maximum PCV followed by number of branches (17.85). High heritability was observed for plant height (0.966) followed by number of branches (0.883) and volume index (0.790). Minimum genetic advance was estimated for collar diameter (2.284%) and maximum for volume index (34.75%). Plant height was significant and positively correlated with volume and collar diameter at phenotypic and genotypic level. Collar diameter showed positive and highly significant correlation with volume index. The path analysis indicated that plant height and collar diameter has maximum direct effect on volume index. This study reveals that selection of better plants with higher variability and other juvenile growth traits of Aquilaria malaccansis provenances is suitable to grow in South Indian condition. And also these characters shoud be used as selection criterion for further improvement of yield in Aquilaria malaccansis. Keywords: Aquilaria malaccensis, Genetic variability, Correlation, Path analysis. Introduction used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years, Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. is the best known and continues to be used in ayurvedic, Tibetan and species of agarwood(Gaharu). It is one of the 15 tree traditional East Asian medicine (Chakrabarty et al., species in the Indomalesian genus Aquilaria of 1994). Agarwood is extremely valued by luxury familyThymelaeaceaeand 8 are known to produce perfume, fragrance and soap manufacturers. Both resin-impregnated heartwood (Ng et al., 1997). There agarwood smoke and oil are customarily used as are many names for this resinous wood, including perfume in the Middle East (Chakrabarty et al., agar, agarwood, aloe(s) wood, eaglewood, gaharu 1994). and kalamabak. This wood is in high demand for medicine, incense and perfume across Asia and the The quantitative characterization for improvement Middle East. The tree grows in natural forests at an has been and remains the essential basis for altitude of a few meters above sea level to about 1000 phenotypic selection in any breeding programme. meters, and it grows best around 500 meters in However, the real tree improvement depends upon locations with average daily temperatures of 20 to the knowledge of genetic variability and its 22ºC (Wiriadinata, 1995). It is a large evergreen tree, components. The extent of variability is measured by growing over 15-40 m tall and 0.6-2.5 m in diameter, GCV and PCV which provides information about and has white flowers (Chakrabartyet al., 1994; relative amount of variation in different characters Sumadiwangsa, 1997). The 2002 IUCN Red List (Mousmi syed et al., 2013). Heritability of a classifies this species as Vulnerable. Two species of character is important for the tree breeder because it Aquilaria are found in India: A. khasiana and A. provides him an idea of the extent of genetic control malaccensis, although a third, A. macrophylla Miq. for the expression of a particular character (Chopra, is found in the Nicobar Islands. Agarwood has been 2000). However, Johnson et al. (1955) stated that http://ejplantbreeding.com 183 Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 6(1): 183-190 (Mar 2015) ISSN 0975-928X heritability estimates together with genetic advance Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu are more important than heritability alone to predict Agricultural University, Mettupalayam situated at 11o the resulting effect of selecting the best individuals. 19’N longitude and 76 o56’E latitude at 300MSL Most studies on genetic parameters in different tree during the year 2013-2014. The experimental site species were focused on Jatropha (Parthiban et al., receives an annual rainfall of 800mm/annum with the 2011), Azardiracta indica (Mousmi syed et al., maximum and minimum temperature of 33.8oC and 2013), Simarouba glauca (Kumaran et al., 2010), 21.2 o C respectively. The soil is predominantly red Madhuca indica (Mohamed Saleem and Afaq majid, lateritic with a pH of 7.1. A progeny evaluation trial 2013) and Leuceana leucocephala (Chavan Sangram has been laid out at Forest College and Research and Keerthika, 2013). Institute, Mettupalayam during 2013. Progenies of 22 different genotypes were planted in a Randomized The ultimate goal of Aquilaria malaccensis breeding Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The size is to improve the species oil quantity and quality. and spacing were 2 x 2m with 9 seedlings per This could be achieved through selection of superior replication. Data was collected from 5 seedlings genotypes which is always pursued. Stem diameter is taken at random on plant height (cm), collar diameter an important trait considered for oil exploitation and (cm), number of branches and volume index. it is associated with a number of component Correlation coefficients between different pairs of characters, which in turn are interrelated. As more trait were determined at genotypic and phenotypic traits are included in the correlation studies, the levels. inherent association become complex. For this reason, paths analysis becomes necessary. This is The data recorded at 240 DAP were subjected to because it measures the direct and indirect influence statistical analysis. Biometric data for plant height, of one variable upon another and permits the collar diameter and number of branches were separation of relative contribution of different traits subjected to analysis of variance (Panse and to the traits of measured interest (Dewey and Lu, Sukhatme, 1978). Estimation of genetic parameters 1959). Correlation and path coefficient analysis viz., variability, PCV and GCV were computed together gives a clear picture of interrelationships and (Burton, 1952). Heritability and genetic advance relative contribution of independent characters on were computed (Lush, 1940; Johnson et al., 1955). dependent variable which enables to plant breeder to Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients apply suitable selection procedures for crop were calculated according to the method suggested improvement. by Goulden (1952). Path coefficient analysis was estimated as suggested by Dewey and Lu (1959) to Study of morphometric traits in field trials was earlier apportion the genotypic correlation coefficients in to the dominating technique and it is still today the most direct and indirect effects. robust and valid way of assessing genetic variation. However, variation studies using morphometric traits Result and Discussion in Aquilaria malaccansis is not attempted and thus Growth performance of provenances: Significant needs research. The objective of the present differences were observed on morphological growth investigation was to quantify the magnitude of traits (240 days after planting) among the evaluated genetic variability present in the existing base provenances of A. malaccensis viz., plant height, population study the association among characters collar diameter, number of branches and volume and to identify important yield attributing characters, index at four growth periods. Five provenances viz., selection for which would help in development of MDLY (70.33 cm), UDLY-1 (60.22 cm), NHJA high yielding Aquilaria malaccansis genotypes. (72.13 cm), KHOW-1 (65.43 cm) and KHOW-2 (59.33 cm) registered significantly higher values for Material and Methods plant height compared to general mean (58.08 cm). The survey has been conducted in predominant The collar diameter ranged from 1.400 (NHJA and Aquilaria malaccansis growing areas of India and 22 KHOW-1) to 1.206 (KUMA). Two provenances viz., different provenances from North-Eastern states of NHJA (1.400 cm) and KHOW-1 (1.400 cm) recorded Assam(6), Tripura (10) and Nagaland(6) were significantly higher collar diameter values compared selected by subjective grading method in natural to general mean (1.294). Number of branches varied forest and comparison tree selection method in from 11.66 (NHJA) to 6.333 (AMBS). The volume plantation. Based on morphological characters such index ranged from 141.7 (NHJA) to 69.80 (CHEK-3) as diameter, height, number of branches and clear and four progenies viz., MDLY (125.4), UDLY-1 bole height of superior Agar wood genetic resources (115.9), NHJA (141.7) and KHOW-1 (124.0) were selected. The experiment was conducted at recorded significantly higher value compared to http://ejplantbreeding.com
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