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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Human Development for Everyone HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Human Development for Everyone Statistical annex Readers guide 193 Statistical tables Human development composite indices 1 Human Development Index and its components 198 2 Human Development Index trends, 1990–2015 202 3 Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index 206 4 Gender Development Index 210 5 Gender Inequality Index 214 6 Multidimensional Poverty Index: developing countries 218 Human development indicators 7 Population trends 222 8 Health outcomes 226 9 Education achievements 230 10 National income and composition of resources 234 11 Work and employment 238 12 Human security 242 13 International integration 246 14 Supplementary indicators: perceptions of well-being 250 15 Status of fundamental human rights treaties 254 Human development dashboards 1 Life-course gender gap 259 2 Sustainable development 264 Regions 269 Statistical references 270 Statistical annex | 191 Readers guide The 17 statistical tables in this annex provide an overview of Comparisons over time and across editions key aspects of human development. The first six tables contain of the Report the family of composite human development indices and their components estimated by the Human Development Report Because national and international agencies continually Office (HDRO). The remaining tables present a broader set of improve their data series, the data — including the HDI values indicators related to human development. The two dashboards and ranks — presented in this Report are not comparable to introduce partial groupings of countries according to their those published in earlier editions. For HDI comparability performance on each indicator. across years and countries see table 2, which presents trends Unless otherwise noted, tables use data available to the using consistent data. HDRO as of 1 September 2016. All indices and indicators, along with technical notes on the calculation of composite indi- ces and additional source information, are available at http:// Discrepancies between national and hdr.undp.org/en/data. international estimates Countries and territories are ranked by 2015 Human Devel- opment Index (HDI) value. Robustness and reliability analysis National and international data can differ because interna- has shown that for most countries differences in HDI are not tional agencies harmonize national data using a consistent statistically significant at the fourth decimal place. For this rea- methodology and occasionally produce estimates of missing son countries with the same HDI value at three decimal places data to allow comparability across countries. In other cases are listed with tied ranks. international agencies might not have access to the most recent national data. When HDRO becomes aware of discrepancies, it brings them to the attention of national and international Sources and definitions data authorities. Unless otherwise noted, the HDRO uses data from interna- tional data agencies with the mandate, resources and expertise Country groupings and aggregates to collect national data on specific indicators. Definitions of indicators and sources for original data com- The tables present weighted aggregates for several country ponents are given at the end of each table, with full source groupings. In general, an aggregate is shown only when data details in Statistical references. are available for at least half the countries and represent at least two-thirds of the population in that classification. Aggregates for each classification cover only the countries for which data Methodology updates are available. The 2016 Report retains all the composite indices from Human development classification the family of human development indices— the HDI, the Inequality- adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), the HDI classifications are based on HDI fixed cutoff points, Gender Development Index (GDI), the Gender Inequality which are derived from the quartiles of distributions of the Index (GII) and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). component indicators. The cutoff points are HDI of less than The methodology used to compute these indices is the same 0.550 for low human development, 0.550–0.699 for medium as the one used in the 2015 Report. See Technical notes 1–5 human development, 0.700–0.799 for high human develop- at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_techni- ment and 0.800 or greater for very high human development. cal_notes.pdf for details. New in this year’s Report are two colour-coded dashboard Regional groupings tables, Life-course gender gap and Sustainable development. The dashboards introduce partial grouping of countries by their Regional groupings are based on United Nations Development performance on each indicator. Programme regional classifications. Least developed countries and small island developing states are defined according to UN classifications (see www.unohrlls.org). Readers guide | 193 Developing countries Nations Conference on Trade and Development; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs; United Aggregates are provided for the group of all countries classified Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia; as developing countries, grouped by region. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ- ization Institute for Statistics; United Nations Entity for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women; United Development Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; Of the 35 OECD members, 32 are considered developed and 3 United Nations World Tourism Organization; World Bank; developing (Chile, Mexico and Turkey). Aggregates refer to all and World Health Organization. The international education countries from the group for which data are available. database maintained by Robert Barro (Harvard University) and Jong-Wha Lee (Korea University) was another invaluable source for the calculation of the Report’s indices. Country note Data for China do not include Hong Kong Special Administra- Statistical tables tive Region of China, Macao Special Administrative Region of China or Taiwan Province of China. The first six tables relate to the five composite human develop- ment indices and their components. Since the 2010 Human Development Report, four composite Symbols human development indices — the HDI, the IHDI, the GII and the MPI for developing countries— have been calculated. The A dash between two years, as in 2005–2014, indicates that the 2014 Report introduced the GDI, which compares the HDI data are from the most recent year available during the period calculated separately for women and men. specified. A slash between years, as in 2005/2014, indicates The remaining tables present a broader set of human develop- that data are the average for the years shown. Growth rates are ment indicators and provide a more comprehensive picture of a usually average annual rates of growth between the first and last country’s human development. years of the period shown. Table 1, Human Development Index and its components, The following symbols are used in the tables: ranks countries by 2015 HDI value and details the values of .. Not available the three HDI components: longevity, education (with two 0 or 0.0 Nil or negligible indicators) and income. The table also presents the difference — Not applicable in rankings by HDI and gross national income per capita, as well as the ranking on the 2014 HDI, calculated using the most recently revised historical data available in 2016. Statistical acknowledgements Table 2, Human Development Index trends, 1990–2015, provides a time series of HDI values allowing 2015 HDI values The Report’s composite indices and other statistical resources to be compared with those for previous years. The table uses draw on a wide variety of the most respected international the most recently revised historical data available in 2016 and data providers in their specialized fields. HDRO is particularly the same methodology applied to compute 2015 HDI values. grateful to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of The table also includes the change in HDI rank over the last Disasters; Economic Commission for Latin America and the five years and the average annual HDI growth rate across Caribbean; Eurostat; Food and Agriculture Organization; four time intervals: 1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2015 and Gallup; ICF Macro; Institute for Criminal Policy Research; 1990–2015. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre; International Table 3, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, Labour Organization; International Monetary Fund; Inter- contains two related measures of inequality — the IHDI and national Telecommunication Union; International Union the loss in HDI due to inequality. The IHDI looks beyond the for the Conservation of Nature; Inter-Parliamentary Union; average achievements of a country in longevity, education and Luxembourg Income Study; Office of the United Nations income to show how these achievements are distributed among High Commissioner for Human Rights; Office of the United its residents. An IHDI value can be interpreted as the level of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; Organisation for human development when inequality is accounted for. The rela- Economic Co- operation and Development; Socio-Economic tive difference between IHDI and HDI values is the loss due to Database for Latin America and the Caribbean; Syrian Center inequality in distribution of the HDI within the country. The for Policy
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