CSP/CPV) Spectrum Splitting Solar Collector for Power Generation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CSP/CPV) Spectrum Splitting Solar Collector for Power Generation UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, MERCED A hybrid (CSP/CPV) spectrum splitting solar collector for power generation A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Systems (E.S.) by Bennett K. Widyolar Committee: Professor Gerardo Diaz, Chair Professor Elliot Campbell Professor Yanbao Ma Professor Roland Winston Spring 2018 A hybrid (CSP/CPV) spectrum splitting solar collector for power generation Copyright 2018 by Bennett K. Widyolar The dissertation of Bennett K. Widyolar, titled “A hybrid (CSP/CPV) spectrum splitting solar collector for power generation,” is approved: Chair Date Gerardo Diaz Date Yanbao Ma Date Elliot Campbell Date Roland Winston University of California, MERCED iii Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... viii Curriculum Vita ........................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... x List of Symbols ............................................................................................................................................ xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ xiii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Dissertation Outline ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 The Solar Resource ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Sun-Earth Geometry .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Solar Spectrum ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Potential ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Solar Collectors ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Concentration ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Thermal Collectors ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.3 Photovoltaics .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Solar to Electric Conversion (Literature Review) ............................................................................. 15 1.4.1 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) .............................................................................................. 15 1.4.2 Photovoltaics (PV) ..................................................................................................................... 16 1.4.3 Hybrid (CSP/CPV) Spectral Beam Splitting (SBS) Systems..................................................... 18 2. Spectrum Splitting in Parabolic Troughs ............................................................................................ 21 2.1 Optics of Parabolic Trough Systems ................................................................................................. 21 2.1.1 Single Stage ............................................................................................................................... 21 2.1.2 Two-Stage .................................................................................................................................. 22 2.2 Modelling Approach ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1 Primary Optics and Spectrum Splitting...................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 CPV Subsystem ......................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.2 CSP Subsystem .......................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.4 Combined Performance .............................................................................................................. 25 2.1.5 Parameters, Constants, and Optimization .................................................................................. 26 2.3 Simulation Results ............................................................................................................................ 27 iv 2.2.1 Pure CSP Troughs ...................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.2 Ideal Optical Filters .................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.3 Typical Interference Filters ........................................................................................................ 29 2.2.4 Integrated Solar Cell Filters ....................................................................................................... 30 2.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 32 2.5 Economics ......................................................................................................................................... 34 2.6 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 37 3. Generation 1 Prototype Development & Testing ................................................................................ 38 3.1 Collector Design ............................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.1 Two-Stage Optical Design ......................................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Hybrid Receiver Design ............................................................................................................. 40 3.2 Performance Modelling .................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.1 Optical Model ............................................................................................................................ 42 3.2.2 CPV Subsystem Model .............................................................................................................. 45 3.2.3 CSP Subsystem Model ............................................................................................................... 45 3.2.4 Combined System Performance ................................................................................................. 48 3.3 Prototype Development .................................................................................................................... 49 3.3.1 Primary Mirror ........................................................................................................................... 49 3.3.2 GaAs Cells ................................................................................................................................. 50 3.3.3 Thermal Absorber ...................................................................................................................... 51 3.3.4 Minichannels .............................................................................................................................. 51 3.3.5 Involute Reflectors ..................................................................................................................... 51 3.3.6 Glass Tube ................................................................................................................................. 52 3.3.7 Hybrid HCE Assembly .............................................................................................................. 52 3.4 Experimental Tests ............................................................................................................................ 54 3.4.1 High Temperature Loop Design and Fabrication ....................................................................... 54 3.4.2 Experimental Test Platform ....................................................................................................... 56 Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer ............................................................................................................ 57 3.4.3 Test Results ...............................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Final Program
    FINAL PROGRAM May 3 – 8, 2008 • Town and Country Resort & Convention Center • San Diego, California SOLAR 2008 is presented by Featuring 37th ASES National Solar Conference 33rd National Passive Solar Conference 3rd Annual Renewable Energy Policy, Advocacy and Marketing Conference Solar Success! Training Event American Solar Energy Society Annual Meeting Society of Building Science Educators Annual Meeting Welcome On behalf of the American Solar Energy Society (ASES), the San Diego Renewable Energy Society (SDRES), the Northern California Solar Energy Association (NorCal Solar), the Redwood Empire Solar Living Association (RESLA), and the California Center for Sustainable Energy, welcome to SOLAR 2008! This year’s conference will build on the outstanding SOLAR successes of 2006 and 2007 where the dual role of renewable energy in climate and economic recovery, respectively, was clearly established. ASES Reports launched at these events — “Renewable Energy: A Key to Climate Recovery” and “Green Collar Jobs” — have been featured prominently in the public media. In 2008, we feel a new urgency about bringing together technology, policy and community solutions to address climate change, grow our economy and specifically look for solutions to reduce our carbon footprint. With a focus on renewable energy solutions in our communities and leadership to bring about change in our national energy policy we offer several new experiences at SOLAR 2008. First, we invite solar enthusiasts and those new to the field to participate more fully at SOLAR 2008 by opening our event on Public Days on Saturday and Sunday — at a discount for riders of mass transit! Featured will be demonstrations, films, speakers, and an exhibit hall with close to 200 booths.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems
    Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems Final Report A DHS/Assistance to Firefighter Grants (AFG) Funded Study Prepared by: Casey C. Grant, P.E. Fire Protection Research Foundation The Fire Protection Research Foundation One Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA, USA 02169-7471 Email: [email protected] http://www.nfpa.org/foundation © Copyright Fire Protection Research Foundation May 2010 Revised: October, 2013 (This page left intentionally blank) FOREWORD Today's emergency responders face unexpected challenges as new uses of alternative energy increase. These renewable power sources save on the use of conventional fuels such as petroleum and other fossil fuels, but they also introduce unfamiliar hazards that require new fire fighting strategies and procedures. Among these alternative energy uses are buildings equipped with solar power systems, which can present a variety of significant hazards should a fire occur. This study focuses on structural fire fighting in buildings and structures involving solar power systems utilizing solar panels that generate thermal and/or electrical energy, with a particular focus on solar photovoltaic panels used for electric power generation. The safety of fire fighters and other emergency first responder personnel depends on understanding and properly handling these hazards through adequate training and preparation. The goal of this project has been to assemble and widely disseminate core principle and best practice information for fire fighters, fire ground incident commanders, and other emergency first responders to assist in their decision making process at emergencies involving solar power systems on buildings. Methods used include collecting information and data from a wide range of credible sources, along with a one-day workshop of applicable subject matter experts that have provided their review and evaluation on the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Energy Projects for the Evil Genius : [50 Build
    Malestrom 11/1/2009 Solar Energy Projects for the Evil Genius Evil Genius Series Bionics for the Evil Genius: 25 Build-it-Yourself MORE Electronic Gadgets for the Evil Genius: Projects 40 NEW Build-it-Yourself Projects Electronic Circuits for the Evil Genius: 57 Lessons 101 Spy Gadgets for the Evil Genius with Projects 123 PIC® Microcontroller Experiments for the Evil Electronic Gadgets for the Evil Genius: Genius 28 Build-it-Yourself Projects 123 Robotics Experiments for the Evil Genius Electronic Games for the Evil Genius PC Mods for the Evil Genius: 25 Custom Builds to Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius: Turbocharge Your Computer 54 Electrifying Projects Solar Energy Projects for the Evil Genius 50 Awesome Auto Projects for the Evil Genius 25 Home Automation Projects for the Evil Genius 50 Model Rocket Projects for the Evil Genius Mechatronics for the Evil Genius: 25 Build-it-Yourself Projects Solar Energy Projects for the Evil Genius GAVIN D. J. HARPER New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data- base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-150910-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-147772-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Energy - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Solar energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity and solar architecture, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces.[1] Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar Nellis Solar Power Plant in the United States, one of techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting the largest photovoltaic power plants in North materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. America. In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, Renewable energy inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Power Initiative Using Caltrans Right-Of-Way Final Research Report
    STATE OF CALIFORNIA • DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE DRISI-2011 (REV 10/1998) 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION NUMBER 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER CA20-3177 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE Solar Power Initiative Using Caltrans Right-of-Way 12/09/2020 Final Research Report 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. Sarah Kurtz, Edgar Kraus, Kristopher Harbin, Brianne Glover, Jaqueline Kuzio, William Holik, Cesar Quiroga 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NUMBER University of California, Merced School of Engineering and Material Science 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER 5200 North Lake Road 65A0742 Merced, CA 95343 12. SPONSORING AGENCY AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED California Department of Transportation Final Report Division of Research, Innovation and System Information June 2019 - December 2020 P.O. Box 942873 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE Sacramento, CA 94273 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 16. ABSTRACT Provide guidance to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) on the installation of utility-scale solar electrical generation facilities in its right-of-way. Explores the current rules, regulations, and policies from regulatory agencies external to Caltrans and California utilities that affect Caltrans’ ability to install solar within its right-of-way. Determines best practices that other state departments of transportation have developed based on their experience with the deployment of solar generation facilities within their right-of-way. Outlines best practices of how to develop solar generation sites within Caltrans right-of-way. Summarizes design-build-own strategies that Caltrans could use as part of a public-private partnership to finance the installation and/or maintenance of solar sites within the Caltrans right-of-way.
    [Show full text]
  • Demand-Side Management Guidebook: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies
    enewable & Distributed Energy Tech no R lo g ie s R e n e w a b l e & D i s t r i b u t e d E n e r g y T e c h n o l o g i e s R e n e w a - b l e w & e D n i e s R t r s i b e i u g t e o l d o E n n h e c r e g T y Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies Energy Distributed and Renewable Demand-Side Management Guidebook: Management Demand-Side enewable & Distributed Energy Tech no R lo g ie s R e n e w sarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. agency any or government States United the of those reflect or state sarily a b - government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not neces not do herein expressed authors of opinions and views The thereof. agency any or government l e not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States States United the by favoring or recommendation, endorsement, its imply or constitute necessarily not & commercial product, process, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does does otherwise or manufacturer, trademark, name, trade by services or process, product, commercial or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific specific any to herein Reference rights.
    [Show full text]
  • ACAP Annual Report
    Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics Australia-US Institute for Advanced Photovoltaics Annual Report 2014 Never Stand Still Engineering Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering Stanford University Table of Contents 1. Director’s Report 2 2. Highlights 4 40% Sunlight to Electricity Conversion 4 First 20% Efficient Cells Using Low-Cost Solar-Grade Silicon 4 Stuart Wenham receives Harvey Research Prize 5 Student Awards 2014 5 High Impact Papers 5 High Performance Organic Photovoltaics Using Nematic Liquid Crystals 6 Compact CH3NH3PbI3 for High Efficiency Perovskite Cells 6 High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell 7 3D Printing of Perovskite Solar Cells 7 3. Organisational Structure and Research Overview 8 4. Affiliated Staff and Students 10 University of New South Wales 10 Australian National University 11 CSIRO (Materials Science and Engineering, Melbourne) 12 University of Melbourne 12 Monash University 12 University of Queensland 13 Arizona State University (QESST 13 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 13 Sandia National Laboratories 13 Molecular Foundry 13 Stanford University 13 Georgia Technology Institute 13 University of California, Santa Barbara 13 Wuxi Suntech Power Co. Ltd. 13 BT Imaging 13 Changzhou Trina Solar Energy Co. Ltd. 13 Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics - Annual Report 2014 BlueScope Steel 13 5. Research Reports 14 Program Package 1 Silicon Cells 14 PP1.1 Solar Silicon 15 PP1.2 Rear Contact Silicon Cells 17 PP1.3 Silicon Tandem Cells 21 Program Package 2 Thin-Film, Third Generation and Hybrid Devices
    [Show full text]
  • The First Practical Solar Power Satellite Via Arbitrarily Large Phased Array (A 2011-2012 NASA NIAC Phase 1 Project)
    SPS-ALPHA: The First Practical Solar Power Satellite via Arbitrarily Large Phased Array (A 2011-2012 NASA NIAC Phase 1 Project) FINAL REPORT to 15 September 2012 by Mr. John C. Mankins, Principal Investigator Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC P.O. Box 6660 Santa Maria, California 93456 email: [email protected] phone: (+1) 805-929-3121 NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts Program SPS via Arbitrarily Large Phased Array NIAC Phase 1 Final Report 15 September 2012 SPS-ALPHA: The First Practical Solar Power Satellite via Arbitrarily Large Phased Array (A 2011-2012 NASA NIAC Phase 1 Project) ABSTRACT The vision of delivering solar power to Earth from platforms in space has been known for decades. However, early architectures to accomplish this vision were technically complex and unlikely to prove economically viable. Some of the issues with these earlier solar power satellite (SPS) concepts – particularly involving technical feasibility – were addressed by NASA’s space solar power (SSP) studies and technology research in the mid-to-late 1990s. Despite that progress, ten years ago a number of key technical and economic uncertainties remained. A new SPS concept has been proposed that resolves many, if not all, of those uncertainties: “SPS­ ALPHA” (Solar Power Satellite by means of Arbitrarily Large Phased Array). During 2011-2012 the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Program supported a Phase 1 “SPS-ALPHA” project, the goal of which was to establish the technical and economic viability of the SPS-ALPHA concept to an early TRL 3 – analytical proof-of-concept – and provide a framework for further study and technology development.
    [Show full text]
  • July 30, 2015 the Honorable Barack H. Obama the White House 1600
    July 30, 2015 The Honorable Barack H. Obama The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Obama, As solar power installers, manufacturers, designers, aggregators, product suppliers, and consultants, we welcome the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Clean Power Plan, the first-ever federal limits on carbon pollution from power plants. Power plants account for 40 percent of America’s carbon pollution. The solar industry offers a wide range of technologies to generate energy pollution-free from the sun and reduce the need for polluting sources of energy. This plan is a critical step toward transforming our energy system to one that protects our health and environment, and that of our children. As state and community leaders begin to seek effective measures to reach these goals, we wish to underscore the tremendous potential of solar energy in cutting carbon pollution. At the White House Solar Summit in April 2014, you highlighted that every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar. As the nation’s fastest growing source of renewable energy, solar can play a major role in meeting our nation’s energy and environmental challenges. Solar energy already provides enough pollution-free electricity to displace 18 billion pounds of coal, and could be a game-changer in a well-crafted Clean Power Plan. With 143,000 Americans employed in the solar industry in more than 6,100 businesses across the nation, we stand by Gina McCarthy’s remarks that “we have never—nor will we ever—have to choose between a healthy economy and a healthy environment.” The rate of job growth in the solar industry is unmatched by any other sector in the nation.
    [Show full text]
  • SOLAR POWER WORLD Does Not Pass Judgment on Subjects of Controversy Nor Enter Into Disputes with Or Between Any Individuals Or Organizations
    Protect Your Solar Investment With Superior Waterproofi ng Technology EPDM Secondary EPDM rubber seal Quick Mount PV believes the mounting system is just waterproofi ng keeps standing water out seal raised 0.7" as critical to a solar system’s success as modules and above fl ashing and rainwater inverters. Aft er all, a non-functional or ineff icient system is a problem; a roof leak is a crisis. Our patented QBlock technology ensures a watertight installation for the life of Enclosed cavity the roof and solar array. No leaks, no call backs. protects seal from the elements Learn more at quickmountpv.com/noleaks Cast-aluminum QBlock Aluminum fl ute fused supports the load to fl ashing RESPECT THE ROOF The QBlock ® Elevated Water Seal 925-478-8269 | quickmountpv.com MADE IN THE USA www.solarpowerworldonline.com 2015 Renewable Energy Handbook Solar pages: 96 to 319 Wind pages: 8 to 95 Click here for the Windpower Handbook Digital Edition Learn more about the ITW WindGroup. Experienced manufacturing We put all of our energy companies working together to help power the wind turbine industry. into helping you make With unique expertise in a number of categories, we provide innovative solutions to solve various challenges. It’s an offering that’s making the the most of yours. ITW WindGroup a strong force in the wind energy market. Visit us at booth #208 at AWEA Offshore 2014 www.itwwind.com | [email protected] The Products of ITW WindGroup Structural Adhesives & Repair Compounds • Vacuum Bag Tapes Threadlockers • Tapes • Sealants • Mold Release
    [Show full text]
  • Rhone Resch, President & Ceo Solar Energy Industries Association
    TESTIMONY OF RHONE RESCH, PRESIDENT & CEO SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES HEARING ON IDENTIFYING ROADBLOCKS TO WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY ON PUBLIC LANDS AND WATERS, PART II: THE WIND AND SOLAR INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE JUNE 1, 2011 Solar Energy Industries Association 575 7th Street NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20004 (202) 682-0556 www.seia.org Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, Thank you for the opportunity to submit testimony on roadblocks to solar energy development on public lands. I am Rhone Resch, the President and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). I am testifying on behalf of our 1,000 member companies and 100,000 American citizens employed by the solar industry. SEIA represents the entire solar industry, encompassing all major solar technologies (photovoltaics, concentrating solar power and solar water heating1) and all points in the value chain, including financiers, project developers, component manufacturers and solar installers. Before I begin my testimony, let me thank Chairman Hastings and Ranking Member Markey for their leadership and support of solar energy. We are grateful that the Committee recognizes the important role that our public lands play in the deployment of solar energy. I. Introduction Established in 1974, the Solar Energy Industries Association is the national trade association of the U.S. solar energy industry. Through advocacy and education, SEIA and its 1,000 member companies are building a strong solar industry to power America. As the voice of the industry, SEIA works to make solar a mainstream and significant energy source by expanding markets, removing market barriers, strengthening the industry and educating the public on the benefits of solar energy.
    [Show full text]
  • October 16, 2014 the Honorable Barack H
    October 16, 2014 The Honorable Barack H. Obama The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Obama, As solar power installers, manufacturers, designers, aggregators, product suppliers, and consultants, we welcome the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s unveiling of the Clean Power Plan, the first-ever federal limits on carbon pollution from power plants. Power plants account for 40 percent of America’s carbon pollution. The solar industry offers a wide range of technologies to generate energy pollution-free from the sun and reduce the need for polluting sources of energy. This plan is a critical step toward transforming our energy system to one that protects our health and environment, and that of our children. As state and community leaders begin to seek effective measures to reach these goals, we wish to underscore the tremendous potential of solar energy in cutting carbon pollution. Last April at the White House Solar Summit, you highlighted that every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar. As the nation’s fastest growing source of renewable energy, solar can play a major role i n meeting our nation’s energy and environmental challenges. Solar energy already provides enough pollution-free electricity to displace 18 billion pounds of coal, and could be a game-changer in a well-crafted Clean Power Plan. With 143,000 Americans employed in the solar industry in more than 6,100 businesses across the nation, we stand by Gina McCarthy’s remarks that “we have never—nor will we ever—have to choose between a healthy economy and a healthy environment.” The rate of job growth in the solar industry is unmatched by any other sector in the nation.
    [Show full text]