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Plectranthus (Labiatae) and Allied Genera in Southern Africa

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Plectranthus (Labiatae) and Allied Genera in Southern Africa Bothalia 11, 4:371-442 (1975) Plectranthus (Labiatae) and allied genera in Southern Africa L. E. CODD* ABSTRACT A revision is presented of the 40 species of Plectranthus, 1 species of Rabdosia and 3 species of Solenostemon which are indigenous, semi-naturalized or widely cultivated in Southern Africa. Descriptions, illustrations, keys and distribution data are provided. The following new names are published: P. mutabilis Codd, P. psammo- philus Codd, P. rubropunctatus Codd, P. unguentarius Codd, P. ornatus Codd (nom. nov. for Coleus comosus Hochst. ex Guerke), P. zatarhendi (Forsk.) E. A. Bruce var. tomentosus (Benth.) Codd, —var. woodii (Guerke) Codd, P. madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. var. aliciae Codd, Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd and S. shirensis (Guerke) Codd. CONTENTS Page Page Introduction ...............................................................372 20. P. mutabilis Codd ....................................... 404 History .........................................................................372 21. P. psammophilus Codd .............................. 405 References ..................................................................441 Sect. Plectranthus ................................................ 406 Key to Genera ..................................................... ...374 22. P. verticillatus (L.f.) Druce ...................... 407 Plectranthus ..........................................................374 23. P. strigosus Benth............................................ 409 Key to Species .........................................................374 24. P. purpuratus Harv......................................... 410 Subgen. Nodiflorus Codd ......................................376 25. P. oertendahlii Th. Fries jun....................... 411 1. P. tetragonus Guerke ....................................376 26. P. elegantulus Briq......................................... 412 2. P. esculentus N.E. Br ................................ ...377 Subgen. Xerophilus Codd .....................................378 27. P. ciliatus E. Mey. ex Benth...................... 414 3. P. xerophilus Codd ........................................378 28. P. fruticosus L’Herit...................................... 415 Subgen. Burnatastrum (Briq.) Codd ................380 29. P. grallatus Briq.............................................. 418 4. P. candelabriformis Launert ........................380 30. P. rubropunctatus Codd .......................... 420 5. P. mirabilis (Briq.) Launert ........................381 31. P. rehmannii Guerke .................................. 421 6. P. hereroensis Engl......................................... ...382 32. P. swynnertonii S. Moore ........................ 422 7. P. spicatus E. Mey. ex Benth.......................383 33. P. dolichopodus Briq....................................... 423 8. P. cylindraceus Hochst. ex Benth................385 34. P. zuluensis T. Cooke ................................ 424 Subgen. Coleus (Lour.) Codd ............................387 35. P. saccatus Benth............................................ 426 9. P. unguentarius Codd ...................................387 (a) var. saccatus ............................................ 427 10. P. amboinicus Lour ........................................388 (b) var. longitubus Codd ............................ 428 Subgen. Calceolanthus Codd ...............................389 36. P. hilliardiae Codd ..................................... 428 11. P. tetensis (Bak.) Agnew ....................... ...390 12. P. caninus Roth ..............................................390 37. P. ambiguus (Bol.) Codd .......................... 429 13. P. neochilus Schltr.......................................... ...392 38. P. ecklonii Benth............................................. 431 14. P. ornatus Codd .......................................... ...393 39. P. petiolaris E. Mey. ex Benth................. 431 15. P. barbatus Andr................................................394 40. P. laxiflorus Benth.......................................... 434 Subgen. Plectranthus ..............................................395 R a bdo sia ................................................................ 436 Sect. Coleoides Benth............................................. ...395 Subgen. Pyramidium (Benth.) Codd ............. 436 16. P. dinteri Briq.....................................................396 17. P. grandidentatus Guerke .............................396 R. calycina (Benth.) Codd ................................ 436 18. P. zatarhendi (Forsk.) E. A. Bruce — 398 S olenostemon ....................................................... 437 (a) var. zatarhendi ....................................... ...398 Subgen. Solenostemoides (Briq.) Codd ........ 438 (b) var. tomentosus (Benth.) Codd ...........399 1. S. rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton ... 438 (c) var. woodii (Guerke) Codd ..................401 2. S. latifolius (Hochst. ex Benth.) J. K. 19. P. madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth................402 Morton ............................................................. 439 (a) var. madagascariensis ..............................403 (b) var. aliciae Codd ......................................404 3. S. scutellarioides (L.) Codd ....................... 439 (c) var. ramosior Benth.....................................404 Index ........................................................................ 441 * Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Private Bag XI01, Pretoria. 372 PLECTR.4.\THUS (LABIATAE) AND ALLIED GENERA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA INTRODUCTION same time Germanea Lam., Encycl. 2: 690 (April The genera dealt with in this revision are Plec- 1788) was described, also with two species. O', urtici- tranthus L’Herit. (in which Coleus Lour, and certain folia Lam. and G. maculosa Lam. P. fruticosus and G. urticifolia have proved to be conspecific and the other genera are included), Rabdosia (Bl.) Hassk. two generic names have generally been treated as (Isodon Kudo) and Solenostemon Schumach. synonymous. Until recently the exact dates of The clarification of the species problems in these publication were unknown, so that Plectranthus was formally conserved. With the dates established as groups has been made possible largely by the oppor­ above, of Plectranthus by Britten & Woodward. tunity to study field populations and by the cultivation J. Bot. Lond. 43: 268 (1905) and of Germanea by of a wide range of plants in the garden of the Botanical Rothmaler, Chronica Bot. 5; 439 (1939). conservation Research Institute, Pretoria. In addition it has been becomes unnecessary. possible to consult type material of nearly all the P. punctatus was proposed as lectotype species by species during visits to various European herbaria Miss M. L. Green in Prop. Brit. Bot. 107 (1929), and by means of loans from several overseas herbaria, probably because it is the older epithet. However, whose kind assistance is gratefully acknowledged. P. fruticosus was cited by Phillips, Gen. ed. 2; 650 In this way the nomenclatural confusion in the (1951) and was supported by Bullock & Killick in literature has largely been cleared up. Taxon 6; 239 (1957) on the grounds that the characters The delimitation of genera is, however, far from of this species agree better with L'Heritier's generic clear and is likely to remain so until a thorough description, especially as to the spur on the corolla study of the tropical central and east African species which suggested the generic name. This proposal was has been undertaken. The Southern African species accepted (Taxon 9; 85, 1960). now placed in Plectranthus fall into four or five main Bentham (1832, 1848) monographed the species groups, each of which could be regarded as a separate then known, dividing Plectranthus into seven sections: genus. However, the distinctions appear to become Germanea (Lam.) Benth., Coleoides Benth., Hetero- blurred in tropical Africa and so it is considered cylix Benth., Melissoides Benth., Isodon Schrad. ex inadvisable to erect new genera at this stage. The Benth.. Pyramidium Benth. and Amethvstoides Benth. treatment of the West African Labiatae by Morton In Benth. & Hook.f.. Gen. PI. 2: 1175 (1876), (1962) has been largely followed, while observations Bentham revised this arrangement, recognizing two by Launert (1968) and Blake (1971) are of particular primary groups: Sect. Germanea and sect. Isodon. interest. An outline of my views was recently published In sect. Germanea, with Germanea and Coleoides as (Codd, 1971) and forms the basis of the present subsections (in which the great majority of con­ treatment. ventional Plectranthus spp. are placed), the calyx is One of the main problems in the Plectranthinae 2-lipped with the upper lip consisting of a single has centred round the generic limits of Plectranthus broad tooth and the lower lip of four narrower and Coleus. Until recently, Bentham's treatment acute or acuminate teeth: the cymes are usually (not (1832, 1848), based simply on the stamens being free always) sessile with the pedicels arising from the in Plectranthus and united in Coleus, has been axis of the inflorescence. Sect. Isodon, with Isodon, followed with the result that these two genera have Pyramidium, Amethvstoides and Melissoides as sub­ grown to be the largest in the group. A rough count sections, was distinguished by the calyx being equally in Index Kewensis yielded about 490 species names 5-toothed, in some groups more or less 2-lipped in the former
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