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Osteological Notes on the Genus Centropristis (Pisces: Serranidae) Stephen A

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Osteological Notes on the Genus Centropristis (Pisces: Serranidae) Stephen A View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquila Digital Community Northeast Gulf Science Volume 1 Article 4 Number 1 Number 1 6-1977 Osteological Notes on the Genus Centropristis (Pisces: Serranidae) Stephen A. Bortone University of West Florida DOI: 10.18785/negs.0101.04 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Bortone, S. A. 1977. Osteological Notes on the Genus Centropristis (Pisces: Serranidae). Northeast Gulf Science 1 (1). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol1/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bortone: Osteological Notes on the Genus Centropristis (Pisces: Serranidae Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 1, No. 1. p. 23 - 33 June 1977 OSTEOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE GENUS Centropristis (PISCES: SERRANIDAE) Stephen A. Bartone Faculty of Biology The University of West Florida Pensacola, Florida 32504 ABSTRACT: Osteological examination of Centropristis striata, C. ocyurus and C. philadelphica reveals characters which may be useful in defining the genus. The medially elongate subocular shelf appears unique for the genus among other Serraninae examined. Species may be distinguished on the basis of otoliths, supraoccipital-parietal ridges, shape of vomerine toothpatch and other characters. C. striata shows increased frontal bone ossification (hyperostosis) which is apparently correlated with sex reversal and is a male secondary sex characteristic. C. striata is the most specialized species while C. philadelphica is the least specialized. C. fusculus is retained in the genus until a skeleton is available. Currently Centropristis Cuvier is com­ Because of the economic and ecologi­ posed of five western North Atlantic cal importance of the sea basses, a study species. Among these the black sea bass, was undertaken to examine and under­ Centropristis striata (Linnaeus) is com­ stand more fully relationships within the posed of two subspecific froms: C. s. genus Centropristis. striata (Linnaeus) which occurs along Centropristis has been placed in the the Atlantic coast of the United States; subfamily Serraninae by Jordan and and C. s. metana Ginsburg found along Eigenmann (1890). Except for a study northern and eastern coastal areas of on Paratabrax Girard and its comparison the Gulf of Mexico. The species is of with Centropristis by Smith and Young considerable economic importance to (1966), no further significant comments, the state of Florida as it is abundant based on data, have been made on its along Florida's Atlantic and Gulf coasts generic affinity with other Serraninae. (Godcharles, 1970). Ecologically, sea All currently recognized Serraninae basses of the genus Centropristis tend to genera are poorly defined. Comparative be inhabitants of low reef areas (i.e., intragenedc studies have been conducted coral and limestone outcroppings, and on a few groups such as Serramts Cuvier artificial reefs) which typify much of (Robins and Starck,1961) andDiptectrum Florida's continental shelf. The role Holbrook (Bartone, 1973). These studies which sea basses play in this area is have brought some order to the apparently that of a euryphagic carni­ Serraninae but much work remains to be vore (Reid, 1954; Hildebrand and done. It is felt that osteological studies Schroeder, 1928). Indications are that on other Serraninae genera will eventually the genus is protogynously hennaphro­ permit a more comprehensive evaluation ditic, that is, all individuals develop and definition of this subfamily. as functional females and later transform Considered in the present study are into functional males. Hoff (1970) has those species also studied by Miller initiated studies on artificial spawning (1959): C. striata striata (Linnaeus), and rearing of C. s. metana as the C striata metana Ginsburg, C. ocyurus species has a potential to lend itself to Qordan and Evermann) and C. philadet­ mariculture. phica (Linnaeus ). C. rufus Cuvier is not 23 Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1977 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 1 [1977], No. 1, Art. 4 24 S. A. Bartone considered here as no skeletal material method of Smith and Bailey (1961). is currently available for examination. Institutional abbreviations used are: C. fusculus Poey was studied from a LACM, Los Angeles County Museum; radiograph and is referred to briefly. USNM, United States National Museum; This study presents an osteological ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences of characterization and comparison of Philadelphia. Specimens lacking museum three species of Centropristis. A tenta­ designations are in the personal collection tive phyletic lineage is proposed based of the author. Uncataloged representa­ on osteological information, and possible tives of all species will deposited at relationships with other Serraninae (i.e., LACM. The following specimens were Diplectrum, Serranus, and Paralabrax) examined: Centropristis striata striata, are considered. North Carolina: 2 specimens (140-149 mm standard .length, macerated; 3(202- MATERIALS AND METHODS 450), bugged; 4(53-79), cleared and stained. Centropristis striata metana, Osteological examination was con­ Northwest Florida: 4 adult skulls, ducted on specimens prepared by several bugged; LACM 33312-1 (234), bugged; methods. Clearing and staining using LACM 31848-5 (201), bugged; LACM trypsin was performed according to 33311-1 (157), bugged. Centropristis Taylor (1967) but was modified in that ocyurus, Northwest Florida: LACM staining preceded clearing (C. L. Smith, 3306-4 (211), bugged; LACM 3306-5 pers. comm.). Dermestid beetles were (224), bugged; LACM 3306-6 (216), utilized for preparing dry, articulated bugged; LACM 3309-1 (1 adult), bugged; ("bugged") skeletons. Skeletons were LACM 33310-1 (170), bugged. North also prepared by maceration. Bone Carolina: 2 (56- 7 0), cleared and stained. terminology follows that of Smith Centropristis philadelphica, North (1971), McAllister (1968), Monad (1968), Carolina: (149), bugged; 2 (88-97), and Woolcott (1957). Abbreviations macerated; 4 (72 -88), cleared and stained. used are as follows: B, branchiostegals; Centropristis fusculus, Havana, Cuba: BB 1-3, basibranchials; BO, basioccipital; ANSP 94422 (134), radiographed. BS, basisphenoid; CB 1-5, ceratobran­ Comparative generic material is as chials; CH, ceratohyal; CL, cleithrum; listed in Bartone (1973). This material COR, coracoid; ECT, ectopterygoid; includes 12 species of Diplectrum from EH, epihyal; EPO, epiotic; EXO, exoccip­ the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, ital; FR, frontal ; GH, glossohyal; HB, four species of Serranus from the hypobranchials; IC, intercalar; IH, inter­ western Atlantic, and three species of hyal, LAC, lacrimal; LE, lateral ethmoid; Paralabrax from the eastern Pacific. LH, lower hypohyal; PA, parietal; PAS, OBSERVATIONS parasphenoid; PRO, prootic, PTO, pterotic; PTS, pterosphenoid; R, radial; Osteological characters examined SC, scapular; SE, supraethmoid; SL, which differ interspecifically (Table 1): standard length; SO, supraoccipital; SS, Vomer (Fig. 1, A-C) Vomerine teeth are subocular shelf; UH, upper hypohyal; present as villiform or small caniniform V, vomer. Vertebrae were counted and teeth. In C. striata the tooth patch is separated as to precaudal and caudal wedge shaped; in C. ocyurus the tooth by a plus sign, the last vertebrae counted patch is broad and triangular; while C. being the urocentrum. Dorsal fin sup­ philadelphica bears its vomerine tooth ports were enumerated according to the patch in a narrow chevron -shaped wedge. https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol1/iss1/4 2 DOI: 10.18785/negs.0101.04 Bortone: Osteological Notes on the Genus Centropristis (Pisces: Serranidae Centropristis Osteology 25 Table 1. Osteological comparison of three species of Centropristis. Character C. striata C. ocyurus C. philadelphica 1. Vomer: Toothpatch wedge shaped broadly triangular narrow chevron-shaped 2. Hyperossification intense none none 3. Frontal: Dorsal foramen large, broadly ovulate, large, broadly ovulate small, as narrow slits becoming o'cculuded with age 4. Anterior foramen large, ovulate large, ovulate small, narrowly ovulate 5. Posterior-lateral low, present laterally, well-developed, extending cranial ridges disappearing medially nearly to mid-line absent 6. Parietal: Anterior narrowly U shaped, broadly U shaped absent or present as cranial ridge obliterated in adults slight medial projection due to hyperossification from anterior portion of longitudinal parietal ridge 7. Supraoccipital: ·thickened in small adults thickened, combines with not thickened Anterior base hyperossified in large anterior parietal ridges adults 8. Supportive stay absent present present 9. Parietal-Supra- occipital junction depressed flat flat 10. Epiotic: Post- flattened, narrow, broadly triangular, enlarged, narrow temporal facet V shaped, medial point posterior projection elongate, V shaped longest short medial point longest 11. Preopercle: Serrae large small small 12 Vertebra: tenth shortened paraphphysis, elongate parapophysis, as in C. ocyurus more horizontally directed more ventrally directed 13. Vertebra: eleventh haemal spine thin haemal spine thick as in C. stria fa dorsoventrally flattened, deep trough on antero- slightly spatulate ventral surface 14. Otolith: anterior terminates abruptly anteriorly,
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