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Iaj 10-4 (2019) Vol. 10 No. 4 2019 Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 1 About The Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. About the CGSC Foundation The Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc., was established on December 28, 2005 as a tax-exempt, non-profit educational foundation that provides resources and support to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in the development of tomorrow’s military leaders. The CGSC Foundation helps to advance the profession of military art and science by promoting the welfare and enhancing the prestigious educational programs of the CGSC. The CGSC Foundation supports the College’s many areas of focus by providing financial and research support for major programs such as the Simons Center, symposia, conferences, and lectures, as well as funding and organizing community outreach activities that help connect the American public to their Army. All Simons Center works are published by the “CGSC Foundation Press.” The CGSC Foundation is an equal opportunity provider. InterAgency Journal Vol. 10, No. 4 (2019) FEATURES Arthur D. Simons Center 5 The Economics of Trade and National Security for Interagency Cooperation David A. Anderson The Lewis and Clark Center 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 14 Enabling Tax Payments: A Novel Approach to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Ph: 913-682-7244 • Fax: 913-682-7247 Reducing Violence and Poverty in El Salvador Email: [email protected] Ann Low www.TheSimonsCenter.org 26 Very Small Satellites: A Mechanism for EDITOR-IN-CHIEF the Early Detection of Mass Atrocities Roderick M. Cox Dani Redmon MANAGING EDITOR 35 Understanding the Challenges and Stakeholders Elizabeth Ditsch in Providing Humanitarian Aid to North Korea Caitlyn M. Rerucha EDITOR Valerie Tystad 52 The Value of Conceptual Planning During Disasters Michael Long DESIGN/PRODUCTION Mark H. Wiggins MHW Public Relations and Communications 58 The Literature of Intelligence Kevin Rousseau PRINTING Allen Press, Inc. 71 Organizational Ethics Gone Wrong Lawrence, Kansas Jonathan D. Bailey and Ted Thomas 84 Bureaucracy in Service of a Madman Matthew Tompkins 88 The Challenges in Joint Interagency Task Force Operations in a Predatory State Mark D. Natale 102 A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Operations in Mali and Somalia Lawrence J. Richardson 143 WORTH NOTING 148 BOOK REVIEW Copyright 2019, CGSC Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the CGSC Foundation, Inc. SIMONS CENTER EDITORIAL BOARD David A. Anderson, DBA Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Maj. Gen. Allen W. Batschelet, U.S. Army, Ret. Col. Adrian T. Bogart III, U.S. Army William J. Davis, Jr. Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College G. Michael Denning Director, Kansas University Graduate Military Programs William G. Eckhardt Teaching Professor Emeritus, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law Ralph M. Erwin Senior Geospatial Intelligence Officer, National Geospatial Agency Liaison to U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Howard M. Hensel, Ph.D. Professor, U.S. Air Force Air War College Gary R. Hobin Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Col. Bart Howard, U.S. Army, Ret. Lt. Col. George Kristopher Hughes, U.S. Army U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gene Kamena Chair, Department of Leadership and Warfighting, U.S. Air Force Air War College Jack D. Kem, Ph.D. Associate Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Brig. Gen. Wendell C. King, Ph.D., U.S Army, Ret. Maj. Gen. Eugene J. LeBoeuf, U.S. Army, Ph.D. Commanding General, 79th Theater Sustainment Command Steven M. Leonard Program Director, MS-Business and Organizational Leadership, Kansas University James B. Martin, Ph.D. Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gustav A. Otto, Ph.D. Defense Intelligence Agency William T. Pugh Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College James H. Willbanks, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Mark R. Wilcox Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Donald P. Wright, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Army University Press From the Editor-in-Chief Welcome to this final edition of the InterAgency Journal for 2019. We close out this year’s offerings with articles on a variety of topics. David Anderson, a long-time contributor, leads off with a timely discussion of economics and national security, namely the importance of trade in the aspect of global peace. In our second article, Ann Low, a career diplomat, discusses a model for addressing the problem of weak governments that result in conditions that allow threat networks to thrive. Maybe this model could be applied across the world? Author Dani Redmon uses her knowledge as a Space Officer to make the case that new technology in satellites can and should be used to prevent mass atrocities. And Caitlyn Rerucha, MD, provides a timely discussion of the humanitarian crisis in North Korea. Michael Long, who has worked the interagency, takes a swing at applying a military planning methodology to an interagency crisis response. He makes a good case for programs like the U.S. Army’s interagency exchange program managed at Fort Leavenworth. Previous contributor Kevin Rousseau offers an interesting read on the literature available on the tradecraft of the intelligence community. From novels to insider narratives, many works exist—some are closer to the truth than others. Our next three articles touch on ethics. Authors Jonathan Bailey and Ted Thomas share their thoughts on organizational ethics. They offer insight as to why organizations can suffer poor ethical decisions and behavior. My best wishes to Professor Thomas as he goes abroad to share his knowledge and skills and to do good work. Be safe my friend. Matthew Tompkins writes a short piece on the “Madman Theory” and how President Nixon attempted to use this in Vietnam. Might this discussion be relevant today? And Mark Natale relates a case study concerning pursuing U.S. interests in a country that could be deemed a “predatory state.” As this type of government seems to be on the rise, how might this effect our actions and U.S. foreign policy? We conclude with a case study of stability operations in Africa. As a West African Scholar at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Lawrence Richardson uses a military construct (DOTMLPF-P) to examine the effectiveness of operations conducted in Mali and Somalia. Thank you for reading this issue of the InterAgency Journal. Your feedback is always welcome as we strive to improve the discourse across the interagency community. I invite you to visit our website and to submit articles and book reviews for publication consideration. Best wishes for a productive and peaceful 2020. – RMC The Economics of Trade and National Security by David A. Anderson n an increasingly globalized world, trade and economic displacement issues, geopolitics and national security concerns has become intertwined creating a multitude of possible friction points between state actors, international financial institutions and trade organizations. Left to Itheir own devises these factors may slow trade and economic cooperation to a crawl. Vulnerability to such a litany of problematic probabilities does not bode well for global trade and economic harmony. Susceptibility is particularly true when global economic powerhouses such as, the U.S., China, Japan, and the European Union (EU) have domestic economic challenges and/or international trade issues with each other and among their neighbors. These countries account for 69 percent of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP).1 Unfortunately, this is exactly the condition we find ourselves in today. This article sheds light on the amalgamated mess that has created this fragile environmental situation both economically and in the realm of national security. It closes with the possible ramifications of not resolving the discord and a statesman’s approach to potential resolution. International Economic Institutions Arguably, much of the present global economic turmoil is rooted in benefits originally derived from the Bretton Woods conference, held in New Hampshire in 1944. Foreseeing a victory over the Axis powers during World War II (WWII), this conference brought together 43 countries determined to ensure post-war economic cooperation among nations ravaged by war and the Great Depression of the 1930s.2 Two empowering organizations emerged from the conference; the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Both institutions were established to facilitate economic growth within and between nations for the collective greater good.3,4 These two organizations also set the stage for the founding of an international trade focused entity – the Generalized Agreement on Tariffs Dr. David A. Anderson is a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer. He is currently a Supervisory Professor at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He has a doctorate in business administration with
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