Name ______Date ______Chapter 32 Sec 3 End of the Cold War Section______

Focus Question: What were Reaganʼs foreign policies and how did they contribute to the fall of communism in Europe?

President Reagan believed that Peace would come through strength rather than the policy of détente. He also believed that the US had to challenge communism to weaken it. How would he do this? 1. Build up military-new nuclear weapons 2. Support and aid anti-communists around the world A. Reagan builds up the military. 1. largest peacetime military build up

2. Billions of dollars to development and productions of new weapons, B1, B-2 bombers, MX missile system 3. Reagan knew the economy of Soviet Union could not support massive military build up 4. Strategic Defense Initiative/Star Wars—land and space lasers would destroy any missile aimed at US before it hit its target

B. Reagan aids and supports anti-communists around the world 1. Afghanistan --- 1979 Soviet Union invades Afghanistan US funded and trained the Mujahadeen (guerilla forces on holy mission for Allah). Soviets begin to pull out 1988

2. Grenada --- small island nation in Caribbean Government taken over by radicals aided by Cuba US invades to keep Granada from becoming Communist outpost and to help Medical students there.

3. El Salvador --- US supports a right wing (less government control of people) government. Congress said the government there “rotten” and US should not aid. Decided aid dependent on government making progress with human rights

4. Nicaragua --- New Government, Sandanistas in control, socialist form of govt. would provide place for Soviets in our backyard. US support Contras-anti communist revolutionaries

C. Mikhail Gorbachev becomes President of Soviet Union. 1. Policies: a. Glasnost—new openness b. Perestroika—reform Soviet system, move away from state control 2. Economy in Soviet Union was in terrible condition. Why? Money being spent on military

3. Gorbachev realized he could not keep up with the US arms build up. 4. Relations between Reagan and Gorbachev softened/open attitude 5. Discussion and agreements about arms contol.

D. Reagan likes what Gorbachev is doing but expects more. Speech at the Brandenburg Gate. 1. How does Reagan support his statement “Freedom is the Victor”? leads to prosperity, replaces hatred with courtesy and peace 2. How does Reagan challenge Gorbachev to prove that his reforms are not “token gestures”? Tear down the Berlin Wall, Open the Brandenburg Gate

E. Communists lose power in: 1. East Germany, 1989 2. Poland 1989 3. Czechoslovakia 1989 4. Hungary 1989 5. Romania 1989 6. Bulgaria 1989 7. Yugoslavia 1991 8. Albania 1990

F. Soviet Union breaks apart 1. Military Coup tries to keep Soviet Union communist 1991/failed

2. Boris Yeltsin led millions in support of Gorbachevʼs policies

3. Communist Party loses power

4. Soviet Union divides into 15 independent republics

5. Boris Yeltsin becomes new leader of the “Russian Federation”

G. Causes of the Fall of Communism? 1. Glastnost 2. Peristroika 3. US military build up