Facultad De Filosofía Departamento De Historia De La Filosofía

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Facultad De Filosofía Departamento De Historia De La Filosofía UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA DE LA FILOSOFÍA TESIS DOCTORAL Una articulación entre política y lenguaje en el pensamiento filosófico de al-Farabi MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTORA PRESENTADA POR Francisca Galiléia Pereira da Silva Director Rafael Ramón Guerrero Madrid, 2015 © Francisca Galiléia Pereira da Silva , 2015 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Departamento de Historia de la Filosofía TESIS DOCTORAL Una articulación entre política y lenguaje en el pensamiento filosófico de al-Fārābī MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Francisca Galiléia Pereira da Silva Director Rafael Ramón Guerrero Madrid, 2015 © Francisca Galiléia Pereira da Silva, 2015 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA DE LA FILOSOFÍA TESIS DOCTORAL UNA ARTICULACIÓN ENTRE POLÍTICA Y LENGUAJE EN EL PENSAMIENTO FILOSÓFICO DE AL-FĀRĀBĪ MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Francisca Galiléia Pereira da Silva DIRECTOR Dr. Rafael Ramón Guerrero Madrid, 2015 A mi padre, por saber utilizar diferentes formas de lenguaje y enseñar la distinción entre escuchar y callar. Agradecimientos Agradezco al pueblo brasileño Norte, Centro, Sul entero Donde reinó el baião Caetano Veloso, You don’t know me Tras un largo periodo dedicado a la investigación, con todo el cuidado y la atención que esta demanda, es muy placentero el momento de agradecer a las personas que colaboraron, de diferentes formas, en la elaboración de este trabajo. Realizado en un país extranjero, el proceso de llevar a cabo este proyecto reunió la excitación de trabajar con importantes fuentes para la investigación, vivir y conocer lugares nuevos y distintos, con la nostalgia de estar lejos de los que quiero. Por esta razón, algunas personas fueron fundamentales, ayudando tanto en la elaboración de la tesis como en el equilibrio de esas emociones. Es, por lo tanto, imprescindible el reconocimiento de los que hicieron que este periodo fuera lo más agradable posible. Inicialmente, quedo agradecida a mi familia que, en tierras bañadas por el sol y el mar, siempre intentaron mantener mi ánimo en seguir adelante durante todo el curso de la elaboración de la tesis. A mis padres debo decir que cada llamada realizada, consejo y fuerza fue fundamental en cada paso dado. Les agradezco no solamente por mi vida, sino por ayudarme a mantenerla viva a cada momento. Quedo agradecida, también con mucho afecto, a mis dos maestros: profesor Dr. Rafael Ramón Guerrero y profesor Dr. Jan ter Reegen. Más allá de sus cargos docentes, son verdaderas inspiraciones. Al profesor Rafael Ramón Guerrero le agradezco todos los momentos en que, con total tranquilidad, contestó a mis innúmeras preguntas, dudas e inseguridades, casi siempre apuntadas en un cuadernillo rojo. Le agradezco asimismo toda su atención a lo largo de la pesquisa, aclaración de dudas y disponibidad de los materiales necesarios. Le quedo agradecida por su amabilidad y por confiar en que yo podría, ante mis limitaciones, realizar esta investigación. Al profesor Jan ter Reegen, hacia quien tengo un enorme cariño y admiración, le agradezco toda la fuerza, incentivos y ánimos. Le quedo agradecida por los distintos momentos en que me ayudó y aconsejó a lo largo de mi vida académica, por cada e-mail y llamada contestada con atención y cariño. Me gustaría que supiera que es un ejemplo no solamente para mí sino para todos los que le conocen. Me quedo agradecida, pues, por ser siempre mi amigo y tutor. Agradezco, con mucha alegría, cada mensaje de “¡Vamos! creemos en ti! ¡Falta poco!” de mis más bellas amigas-hermanas Layane, Regiany y Marina. Les agradezco por siempre estar presente y hacerme reír de las experiencias (incluso algunas catastróficas si no fueran cómicas), vividas durante el doctorado. Por despistarme después de todo un día trabajando en la biblioteca. Por hacer de mis días los más adorables posibles. Gracias por mostrarme que no estoy sola, que tengo mucho amor porque vosotras siempre me lo regaláis. También agradezco los abrazos, cuidados, mensajes e, incluso, oraciones a mis grandes amigas e incentivadoras Mila y Aline. Les agradezco el hecho de estar junto a mí en los momentos de angustia y felicidad. Agradezco, también, la amistad de Adriano, por ser un amigo cuya buenas energías pueden ser sentidas desde lejos. Muchas gracias a los miembros del Grupo de Estudios de Filosofía Medieval (GEFIM-UECE) por mantener vivos los estudios de esta parte de la historia de la filosofía, siempre con mucha responsabilidad y compromiso. Agradezco por hacer de este grupo más que una reunión para estudios y convertirlo en un grupo de amigos, mezclando conceptos filosóficos y una buena charla. Me alegro mucho por formar parte de este grupo y verlo siempre prosperar. A los amigos de Salamanca, por enseñarme las primeras lecciones de cómo sobrevivir lejos de casa. Quedo agradecida a mis queridas amigas Rosângela y Simone que, allí, formaron mi primera familia en España, siempre con mucho cariño. Sois personas, verdaderamente, inolvidables en mi vida. Cualquier día, amigas, nos encontraremos de nuevo. También inolvidables son mis amigos brasileños de Madrid. Quedo agradecida a Nilton por tener un corazón enorme, por ser una persona muy atenta a los que están a su alrededor, por mantener siempre los brazos abiertos para un fuerte abrazo y la casa disponible a una buena tarde/noche de café/vino. Muchas gracias, también, a Felipe y a David, por guiar mis primeros pasos en la capital de Dalí. Con mucho amor, quedo agradecida a mi viento soplador de encantos por hacerme ver la vida de distintos modos, por ser un punto de equilibrio ante el torbellino de preocupaciones. Le agradezco, Vicenzo, las muchas horas destinadas a reflexiones realizadas con mucho cariño. Con mucha felicidad, agradezco mis dos hermanitos, Marisa y Leandro, las noches de estudios e inquietudes, los paseos en bicicleta en la primavera, los malabares en el invierno, cada discusión filosófica y psicológica que fue posible a vuestro lado. Gracias por todo el ánimo. A Nury y Junior, mis compañeros de piso, os agradezco sus preocupaciones con mis muchas horas de estudio y poca sociabilidad. Quedo agradecida a Deri, un amigo que llegó para coronar este periodo del doctorado, por ser hermano, padre, profesor, coronel, cocinero y peleón a la vez. Mi amigo de música y poesía, muchas gracias por las horas de estudio compartidas, por cada concepto filosófico farabiano y luckasiano discutido, por despertarme a las 6:30 en el invierno para leer y reflexionar, conmigo, la Metafísica de Aristóteles. Muchas gracias, mi amigo, por tener mucha paciencia y enseñarme a ser más paciente. Me gustaría dar más agradecimientos a dos madrileños muy amables: a Rufino y Luis. A Rufino por estar siempre muy solícito en el proceso de búsqueda de las fuentes bibliográficas que he utilizado, además de las buenas charlas en el café después de la comida. Sin duda, los días en la biblioteca de Filosofía de la Complutense serían menos agradables sin él. A Luis por su lectura siempre atenta del texto de la tesis, intentando enseñarme la mejor forma de utilizar la lengua de Cervantes, observando mis errores y dando buenas sugerencias relativas a la escritura del texto. Muchas gracias. Agradezco a mi grupo de capoeira (ABADÁ Capoeira – Madrid), principalmente al profesor Brucutu y al compañero Gasparzinho, el darme la oportunidad de tener cerca de mí un poco de la cultura brasileña, los “cafunés” y “feijoadas”, el darme vida a parte de las actividades de la tesis. También doy mis más sinceros agradecimientos a los profesores del tribunal, por la lectura, evaluación y análisis de la tesis, y por las posibles sugerencias que puedan hacerme para ayudar este trabajo. A CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), agradezco el apoyo financiero, sin el cual no podría haber puesto en marcha la presente investigación. SUMÁRIO INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................. 11 CAPÍTULO I - LA RECEPCIÓN DE LA FILOSOFÍA GRIEGA EN EL MUNDO ÁRABE............................................................................................................. 26 1.1 Un Imperio en expansión o acerca de la llegada de la tradición filosófica en el contexto del Islam .................................................................................... 28 1.2 El árabe: una lengua, un instrumento de unificación, la fuerza impulsora del proceso de traducción ...................................................................................... 33 1.2.1 La trayectoria y características del Platón en la falsafa ......................... 41 1.2.1.1 Textos apócrifos atribuidos a Platón..................................................... 47 1.2.2 Aristῡtālīs: el conocimiento y las particularidades de Aristóteles en el mundo árabe .................................................................................................... 53 1.2.2.1 La traducción y los comentarios de las obras aristotélicas ................... 58 1.2.2.1.1 De las obras que versan acerca de la lógica y lenguaje: las Categorías; el Organon; la Analítica Priora; la Analítica Posteriora; el De Interpretatione; la Retórica. .............................................................................. 58 1.2.2.1.2 De las obras que versan sobre la Física y Metafísica: Física; Metafísica; De cœlo et mundo; De anima. ....................................................... 62 1.2.2.1.3
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