NProceedingsotes on Names of the of Hawaiianawaiian E Cntomologicaloccinellidae Society (2014) 46:1–7 1

Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Notes on Names of Hawaiian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) John R. Leeper University of Hawaii Insect Museum, 310 Gilmore Hall, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; [email protected]

Abstract. Hawaii has a long and successful history of coccinellid introductions for biological control of pest insects and powdery mildew. This paper discusses the names of five established species Chilocorus( nigrita (Fabricius), Hippodamia quinquesignata ambigua LeConte, Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say), Sasajis- cymnus anomalus (Chapin), and Scymnus ambulans Blackburn), giving spelling corrections, changed generic combinations, and one new combination (Sasajis- cymnus anomalus (Chapin), n. comb.) to allow accurate usage of these names in the Hawaiian literature. Justification is also provided for the use of Hyperaspis pantherina Fursch which, until Nishida (2002), appeared in Hawaiian literature as Hyperaspis jocosa (Mulsant).

Key words: Coccinellidae, name changes, Sasajiscymnus anomalus (Chapin) N. comb.

In the process of updating an earlier (1989) and Booth (1998). The third name review of Hawaiian Coccinellidae (Leeper change not currently recognized by ITIS, 1976) a number of name changes were Scymnus ambulans Blackburn, is based found that have not appeared in Hawai- on a recent determination (Slipinski et al. ian literature, primarily the Proceedings 2012). Effort was also made to reference of the Hawaiian Entomological Society the authorities making the name changes (https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/ followed by the names historically used handle/10125/25), Nishida (2002), and within Hawaiian literature. the University of Hawaii Insect Museum (UHIM) Insect Holdings Database (http:// Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius 1798). www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/insectmuseum/ The use of Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius) insectholdings.htm). The purpose of this represents a correction in spelling from the paper is to place justification for these use of Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius). changes into Hawaiian literature. Justification: Although ITIS lists this Six names are justified within this paper. name as Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius) Three of the name changes are recognized (TNS: 186963), Samways (1989) justified by the Integrated Taxonomic Information the use of the spelling Chilocorus nigrita System (ITIS). Although ITIS does not list (Fabricius) stating “R. G. Booth (pers. Hyperaspis pantherina Fursch the validity comm.) has pointed out that strictly the of the name is justified below by Booth name should be C. nigrita, as Fabricius et al. (1995). Another name change not (1798) originally named it Coccinella currently recognized by ITIS, Chilocorus nigrita and ‘nigrita’ being a noun cannot nigrita (Fabricius), is justified by Samways change gender.” 2 Leeper In addition, Booth (1998) provided the signata ambigua LeConte stating: “Crotch following comments and listed the fol- (1873) and Casey (1899) considered H. lowing synonyms: “The etymology of the punctulata a synonym of H. ambigua, but name nigrita is uncertain, but its treatment Crotch (1874) revived the name H. punctu- as a noun, rather than as an adjective, is lata and authors since have considered it consistent with its original use by the early a subspecies or race of H. ambigua. Tim- taxonomic authors (Grenstead 1951). Thus berlake (1943) pointed out the difficulty in as Fabricius originally used the combina- separating H. ambigua and H. punctulata tion Coccinella nigrita, nigrita being a due to the variability of the thoracic color noun, does not change its ending when pattern. Hippodamia punctulata is the combined with a generic name of different form lacking convergent pronotal spots; H. gender from the original.” ambigua has those spots; however, most Coccinella nigrita Fabricius 1798: 79. large series from a single locality will Chilocorus nigritus: Mulsant 1850: 463; contain examples of both forms. I cannot Crotch 1874: 184; Korschefsky 1932: logically maintain these forms as subspe- 240; Bielawski 1957: 86; Davis 1959: cies and therefore regard H. punctulata as 65; Kapur 1967:171; Nagaraja and a junior synonym of H. ambigua. Hippo- Hussainy 1967:252; Miyatake 1970: damia obliqua Casey is a form of H. am- 318, 333; Davis 1972: 188; Chazeau et bigua with the pronotum having the black al. 1974: 278; Tsuda 1974: 317; Davis area reduced and the convergent pale spots 1974: 357; Leeper 1976: 287; Great- large. Hippodamia q. ambigua is a Pacific head and Pope 1977: 264; Chazeau Coast subspecies ranging from southern 1981:17; Funasaki et al. 1988: 113; California to northwestern Washington, Nishida 2002: 50. but some of the northern series examined Chilocorus nigrita: Bielawski 1957: 86; contain some specimens not separable Samways 1989: 345; Booth 1998: 362; from H. q. quinquesignata. In spite of this, Booth et al. 1990: 90. I feel it best to maintain both subspecies Names Used in Hawaii: Leeper (1976: for the present. Hippodamia obliqua is 287) and Nishida (2002: 50) treated this represented by 7 types in the Casey col- species as Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius) lection, and I here designate and label a and noted that as the only spelling of the male as the lectotype and the remainder name used in Hawaiian literature to date. as paralectotypes.” The UHIM currently lists this species as Gordon (1985: 729–731) provided the Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius). following synonyms for H. quinquesig- This is the first use of Chilocorus nata ambigua: nigrita (Fabricius) in Hawaiian literature. Hippodamia ambigua LeConte 1852: 131; Crotch 1873: 366; Crotch 1874: Hippodamia quinquesignata ambigua 96; Casey 1899: 79; Leng 1903a: 41; LeConte, 1852. Timberlake 1919: 172. The use of Hippodamia quinquesignata Hippodamia 5-signata ambigua: Tim- ambigua LeConte represents an updating berlake 1943: 12. to the most recent usage and a downgrad- Hippodamia quinquesignata ambigua: ing of ambigua to subspecies status. Chapin 1946: 16; Hatch 1961: 173. Justification: ITIS lists H. quinquesig- Hippodamia punctulata LeConte 1852: nata ambigua (TNS: 692658) and cites 131; Crotch 1873: 366; Crotch 1874: 96; Gordon (1985). Gordon (1985: 729–731) Casey 1899: 79; Timberlake 1919: 172. justified the use ofHippodamia quinque- Hippodamia quinquesignata punctu- Notes on Names of Hawaiian Coccinellidae 3 lata: Chapin 1946: 16. time of its introduction into Hawaii and Hippodamia obliqua Casey 1899: 79; further determined that it was an entirely Chapin 1946: 13. new species which he named Hyperaspis Hippodamia quinquesignata obliqua: pantherina. First use of H. pantherina Timberlake 1943: 12. in Hawaiian literature appears to be by Nishida (2002: 51). Names Used in Hawaii: Leeper (1976: Justification: Booth et al. (1995) 294) treated this taxon as Hippodamia provided a detailed taxonomic history quinquesignata punctulata LeConte of the species that justifies its validity of with a notation of first use in Hawaii by H. pantherina. In summary, they state Williams (1948: 203) as Hippodamia that studies “have shown that a history of 5-signata punctulata LeConte and most misidentifications has prevailed” which recently Nishida (2002: 51) lists both Hip- included Gorham’s (1894) description and podamia ambigua LeConte and Hippoda- naming of the species under H. jocosa mia quinquesignata punctulata LeConte. which they speculate contributed to the The Bishop Museum Hawaiian All-Spe- misidentification by early Hawaiian en- cies Checklist currently lists the following tomologists. Hippodamia names that are or could be Names Used in Hawaii: Leeper (1976: synonyms of Hippodamia quinquesignata 295) treated this species as Hyperaspis ambigua LeConte: jocosa (Mulsant). This was the only Hippodamia 5-signata name found in Hawaiian literature prior Hippodamia ambigua Le Conte to Nishida (2002: 51). Hippodamia quinquesignata Hippodamia quinquesignata subsp. Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say, 1824). punctulata LeConte Swezey (1925: 374) noted the failed in- Hippodamia 5-signata subsp. punctu- troduction of Psyllobora taedata LeConte lata for California in 1896 for the control of The UHIM currently lists this species as Oidium. No further record of this species Hippodamia quinquesignata punctulata appears in Hawaiian literature until Nishi- LeConte. da (2002) listed it as purposely introduced This is the first use of Hippodamia but not established. Brenner (2010) and quinquesignata ambigua LeConte in Tavares et al. (2013) reported collections Hawaiian literature. on Maui and Oahu respectively. Justification: ITIS lists P. viginti- Hyperaspis pantherina Fursch, 1975. maculata (TNS: 692589) and cites Gordon The inclusion of Hyperaspis panthe- (1985). Gordon (1985: 857) justified the rina Fursch in this paper is to clarify any name Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say) confusion that may exist over the use of stating “Psyllobora taedata has been this name in place of Hyperaspis jocosa considered a synonym or variety of P. (Mulsant) in Hawaiian literature. The vigintimaculata by some previous authors, species was first introduced into Hawaii and most recently, Timberlake (1943) from Mexico in 1908 as H. jocosa (Mul- regarded P. taedata as a valid species. I sant 1850) (Kotinsky 1909). In 1948 the consider P. taedata a junior synonym of species was introduced to Kenya from P. vigintimaculata because the morpho- Hawaii as H. jocosa (LePelley 1959). logical differences between the eastern Fursch (1975), in Kenya, determined that and western population are gradually the species had been misidentified at the clinal and it is impossible to delimit well 4 Leeper characterized geographic races.” Gordon species within their collection. Three (1985: 855-858) provided the following specimens were donated to the museum synonyms of Psyllobora vigintimaculata by Jane Tavares in April, 2014, labeled as (Say): P. viginti taedata. Coccinella 20-maculata Say 1824: 96. This is the first use of Psyllobora Psyllobora viginti-maculata: Mulsant vigintimaculata (Say) in the Hawaiian 1850: 183; Mulsant 1866: 137; Crotch literature. 1874: 141; Gorham 1892: 167 (in part); Timberlake 1943: 42. Sasajiscymnus anomalus (Chapin, Psyllobora 20-maculata: Crotch 1873: 1965) N. comb. 375; Wickham 1894: 303; Casey 1899: Justification: ITIS lists S. anomalus 101; Leng 1903b: 210; Blatchley 1910: (TNS: 187043) and cites Vandenberg 517; Timberlake 1943: 59. (2004). Vandenberg (2004: 483–484) Psyllobora viginti-maculata: Leng proposed the generic Sasajiscymnus as a 1920: 215. replacement name and objective synonym Psyllobora vigintimaculata: Korschef- for Pseudoscymnus Chapin. The latter is a sky 1932: 569; Wingo 1952: 45; J. junior homonym of Pseudoscymnus Herre Chapin 1974: 70; Belicek 1976: 353. (1935), which is a genus of kitefin shark Psyllobora taedata LeConte 1860: 70; (Squaliformes: Dalatiidae). Wickham 1894: 306; Casey 1899: 102; Names Used in Hawaii: Leeper (1976: Leng 1903b: 211; Timberlake 1943, 280) listed this species in the genus Pseu- pp. 42, 59. doscymnus. The species can be found in Psyllobora 20-maculata var. taedata: Hawaiian literature as: Crotch 1873: 376; Korschefsky 1932: Pseudoscymnus anomalus Chapin; 570; Hatch 1961: 184. Beardsley 1970: 508; Leeper 1976: Psyllobora obsoleta Casey, 1899: 101; 280; Nishida 2002: 52. Casey 1908: 407. Pseudoscymnus sp.; Davis 1971: 61. Psyllobora 20-maculata var. obsoleta: The UHIM currently lists Pseudoscym- Leng 1903b: 210. nus anomalus Chapin. This is the first use Psyllobora separata Casey 1899: 102; of Sasajiscymnus anomalus (Chapin) and Leng 1903b: 211. represents a new combination. Psyllobora taedata separata: Casey 1908: 407. Scymnus ambulans Blackburn, 1895. Psyllobora vigintimaculata ab. sepa- Justification: Although ITIS lists rata: Korschefsky, 1932: 569. Scymnus varipes Blackburn (TNS: Names Used in Hawaii: Leeper (1976: 187060); Slipinski et al. (2012) recognized 280) did not list this species. However, Scymnus varipes Blackburn as a new since that date, the species Psyllobora junior synonym of Scymnus ambulans vigintimaculata (Say) can be found in Blackburn. Hawaiian literature as: Names Used in Hawaii: Leeper (1976: Psyllobora taedata LeConte; Nishida 301) treated this species as Scymnus var- 2002: 52. ipes Blackburn. This has been the only Psyllobora taedata LeConto; misspell- name for this species in found in Hawai- ing, Brenner 2010: 22. ian literature. Nishida (2002: 53) listed Psyllobora viginti taedata; Tavares et S. varipes. The UHIM currently lists S. al. 2013: 3. varipes (Blackburn). The UHIM currently does not list the This is the first use of Scymnus ambu- Notes on Names of Hawaiian Coccinellidae 5 lans Blackburn in Hawaiian literature. Genera and Species. Trans. Royal Soc. S. Austral. 201–258. Acknowledgments Blatchley, W.S. 1910. An illustrated catalogue I wish to thank my wife, Catherine of the Coleoptera or beetles (exclusive of the Rhyncophora) known to occur in Indiana. Lindburg Leeper, for her support and Bull. Indiana Dep. Geol. Res. 1: 1–1386. encouragement in pursuing my interests Booth, R.G. 1998. A review of the species in the coccinellids of Hawaii. I also wish resembling Chilocorus nigrita (Coleoptera: to recognize the services provided by the Coccinellidae): potential agents for bio- Michael Nivison Public Library, Cloud- logical control. Bulletin of Entomological croft, New Mexico and thank its librar- Research, 88: 361–367. ians Charlotte Zimmerman and Joyce Booth, R.G., M.L. Cox, and R.B. Madge. Komraus for their support in locating and 1990. IIE Guides to insects of importance to man 3. Coleoptera. Wallingford, CAB obtaining copies of pertinent documents. International. I am also grateful to Dr. Roger G. Booth, Booth, R.G., A.E. Cross, S.V. Fowler, and Natural History Museum, London, for his R.H. Shaw. 1995. The Biology and Tax- personal communications and support, onomy of Hyperaspis pantherina (Cole- particularly for information on the cor- optera: Coccinellidae) and the Classical rect treatments of Chilocorus nigrita and Biological Control of its prey, Orthezia Hyperaspis pantherina. insignis (Homoptera: Ortheziidae). Bulletin My gratitude is also extended to Dr. of Entomological Research, 85: 307–314. Neal Evenhuis, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Brenner, G. 2010. Programmatic Arthropod Monitoring at the Haleakalā High Altitude Museum, for his constructive guidance Observatories and Haleakalā National Park in writing this paper. Maui, Hawaii. 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