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Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment & Desktop Study

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Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment & Desktop Study PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & DESKTOP STUDY For Rivanet Mining & Exploration on Several Portions of the Farms Wolvenfontein 74 IQ, Syferfontein 81 IQ, Modderfontein 187 IP, Roodepoort 191 IP, Oatlands 79 IQ, Uitkyk 184 IP, Palmietfontein 189 IP, Koppieskraal 500 IP, Makokskraal 203 IP, Sweethome 197 IP and Doornpan 193 IP near Ventersdorp, North Author ©: Tobias Coetzee, MA (Archaeology) (UP) February 2020 A Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment for Rivanet Mining & Exploration on Several Portions of the Farms Wolvenfontein 74 IQ, Syferfontein 81 IQ, Modderfontein 187 IP, Roodepoort 191 IP, Oatlands 79 IQ, Uitkyk 184 IP, Palmietfontein 189 IP, Koppieskraal 500 IP, Makokskraal 203 IP, Sweethome 197 IP and Doornpan 193 IP near Ventersdorp, North West For: Jomela Consulting (Pty) Ltd Postnet Box 215 Private Bag X1 Woodhill Gauteng 0076 Report No: Rivanet_Ventersdorp_2102201 Email: [email protected] I, Tobias Coetzee, declare that – • I act as the independent specialist; • I am conducting any work and activity relating to the proposed Rivanet study in an objective manner, even if this results in views and findings that are not favourable to the client; • I declare that there are no circumstances that may compromise my objectivity in performing such work; • I have the required expertise in conducting the specialist report and I will comply with legislation, regulations and any guidelines that have relevance to the proposed activity; • I have not, and will not engage in, conflicting interests in the undertaking of the activity; • I undertake to disclose to the applicant and the competent authority all material information in my possession that reasonably has or may have the potential of influencing - any decision to be taken with respect to the application by the competent authority; and - the objectivity of any report, plan or document to be prepared by myself for submission to the competent authority; • All the particulars furnished by me in this declaration are true and correct. _________________________________ Date: 21 February 2020 Tobias Coetzee © Rivanet_Ventersdorp_2102201 February 2020 2 Executive Summary The author was appointed by Jomela Consulting (Pty) Ltd to undertake a Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment for a Mining Right Application for the proposed mining operations on Portion 48 and the Remaining Extents of Portions 5, 12 and 44 of the Farm Palmietfontein 189 IP. An Archaeological Desktop Study was requested for the following Farm portions for the same type of mining activities: Wolvenfontein 74 IQ, Portions 1 and 2 of the Farm Syferfontein 81 IQ, Portion 11 and the remainder of the Farm Modderfontein 187 IP, Portions 91 and 143 of the Farm Roodepoort 191 IP, the Farm Oatlands 79 IQ, the Farm Uitkyk 184 IP, remainder of the Farm Koppieskraal 500 IP, a portion of the Farm Makokskraal 203 IP, Portions 2, 4, 8 and 10 of the Farm Sweethome 197 IP, portions 3, 4 9, 10 and 11 of the Farm Doornpan 193 IP. All land parcels fall within the district of Ventersdorp, North West Province. Ventersdorp is located 3.6 km to the west of the Phase 1 AIA study area and roughly in the middle of the larger study area, while Potchefstroom is located 47 km to the south-southeast and Koster 46 km to the north. The aim of the study is to determine the scope of archaeological resources that could be impacted on by the proposed mining development on the Palmietfontein 189 IP section and provide an overview of the potential heritage resources that can be expected in the larger proposed mining right area. The general study area is associated with historical mining activities. Several sites, presumably dating to the same time period as the early mining activities, were recorded on the Phase 1 AIA section. These include structures, buildings, mine shafts, homesteads and cemeteries. The sites dating to between 1944 and 1963, as well as the cemeteries, are considered significant from a heritage perspective. The sites dating to later times, such as 1966 – 2006, appear not to exceed 60 years of age and are therefore not considered significant from a heritage perspective. The sites considered to be significant are indicated on Figure 14. The larger proposed mining right area show indications of historical buildings, diggings, mining activities, huts, quarries, ruins, a rifle range, missionary station and a cemetery (Appendices F & G). These structures and features date to between 1947 and 1954 and are considered to be significant from a heritage perspective. Although some of the features might have been demolished by agricultural activities and development, subsurface material might still be present. Also, these sites were identified using historical topographical maps, but it should be kept in mind that not all culturally significant material are indicated on such maps. Such sites might include informal cemeteries, burial sites, structures, Iron Age/ Farmer Period sites etc. Therefore, a Phase 1 AIA will be necessary for all areas concerned with the desktop study area prior to the commencement of mining activities. Recommendations for the Phase 1 AIA Palmietfontein section for the safeguarding of heritage resources include a pedestrian survey of the mining construction footprint and impact area once finalised, applications for destruction permits should the mine not be able to avoid certain buildings and structures, fencing-off and maintaining cemeteries and implementing a conservation management plan for buildings, structures and cemeteries in close Tobias Coetzee © Rivanet_Ventersdorp_2102201 February 2020 3 proximity of the mining development. Should the mining development not be able to avoid impact on cemeteries, a grave relocation process will be required. Subject to adherence of the recommendations and approval by SAHRA, the proposed mining development may continue on Portion 48 and the Remaining Extents of Portions 5, 12 and 44 of the Farm Palmietfontein 189 IP. Should skeletal remains be exposed during development and construction phases, all activities must be suspended and the relevant heritage resources authority contacted (See National Heritage and Resources Act, 25 of 1999 section 36 (6)). Also, should culturally significant material be discovered during the course of the said development, all activities must be suspended pending further investigation by a qualified archaeologist. Tobias Coetzee © Rivanet_Ventersdorp_2102201 February 2020 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 3 1. Project Background............................................................................................................ 10 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Legislation ...................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 The EIA and AIA processes....................................................................................................... 12 1.2.2 Legislation regarding archaeology and heritage sites ............................................................... 13 2. Study Area and Project Description .................................................................................. 16 2.1 Location & Physical Environment ............................................................................................. 16 2.2 Project description ...................................................................................................................... 19 3. Archaeological Background .............................................................................................. 22 3.1 The Stone Ages ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.2 The Iron Age & Later History ......................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Ventersdorp general history....................................................................................................... 24 4. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Sources of information ................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Previous Heritage Studies ......................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Limitations ...................................................................................................................................... 34 5. Archaeological and Historical Remains ............................................................................ 34 5.1 Stone Age Remains ....................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Iron Age Farmer Remains ............................................................................................................. 35 5.3 Historical ........................................................................................................................................ 35 5.4 Contemporary Remains ................................................................................................................. 37 5.5 Graves ..........................................................................................................................................
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