The Human Body Book
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Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection This guide is for middle and high school students participating in AIMS Anatomy of the Human Brain and Sheep Brain Dissections. Programs will be presented by an AIMS Anatomy Specialist. In this activity students will become more familiar with the anatomical structures of the human brain by observing, studying, and examining human specimens. The primary focus is on the anatomy, function, and pathology. Those students participating in Sheep Brain Dissections will have the opportunity to dissect and compare anatomical structures. At the end of this document, you will find anatomical diagrams, vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students. The following topics will be covered: 1. The neurons and supporting cells of the nervous system 2. Organization of the nervous system (the central and peripheral nervous systems) 4. Protective coverings of the brain 5. Brain Anatomy, including cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem 6. Spinal Cord Anatomy 7. Cranial and spinal nerves Objectives: The student will be able to: 1. Define the selected terms associated with the human brain and spinal cord; 2. Identify the protective structures of the brain; 3. Identify the four lobes of the brain; 4. Explain the correlation between brain surface area, structure and brain function. 5. Discuss common neurological disorders and treatments. 6. Describe the effects of drug and alcohol on the brain. 7. Correctly label a diagram of the human brain National Science Education -
Internet Research Sites
Human Body Project Helpful Sites General Sites www.exploratorium.edu http://www.ehc.com/vbody.asp A virtual body tour (brain, skeleton, heart, and digestive tract). http://www.kidsbiology.com/human_biology/index.php A kid-friendly site that allows you to explore your body under one of the human body systems. Ophthalmologists- Muscular System http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/coweye.pdf Step by step directions on cow eye dissection. http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/ -Cow eye dissection video. Cardiologists- Circulatory System Cardiovascular System Circulatory System Circulatory System 1 Circulatory System: The Life Pump How Your Heart Works Kids Health: Your Heart & Circulatory System Preview the Heart The Circulatory System The Human Heart Wikipedia: The Circulatory System Orthopedic Specialist-Skeletal System http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/bones.html Multi-media Flash videos and information on bones. eSkeletons Project Human Skeleton Printout-Enchanted Learning.com Kids Health: Your Bones Skeletal System Skeletal System: The Bone Zone Skeletal System (Front View) Skeletal System (Back View) The Skeletal System The Skeleton Wikipedia: Skeleton Pulmonary Specialist- Respiratory System http://kidshealth.org/kid/closet/movies/asthma_movie.html Flash video showing Asthma’s effect on our lungs. Air Bags: The Respiratory System How the Body Works: The Respiratory System Kids Health: Your Lungs & Respiratory System Oxygen Delivery System Respiratory System The Respiratory System Your Respiratory System -
BIOSC 0805: the HUMAN BODY Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh
Syllabus: Biosc 0805, The Human Body BIOSC 0805: THE HUMAN BODY Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Faculty Zuzana Swigonova, Ph.D. Office: 356 Langley Hall (Third floor, the bridge between Clapp and Langley halls) tel.: 412-624-3288; email: [email protected] Office hours Office hours: Mondays 10:00 – 11:30 AM, 356 Langley Hall Wednesdays 1:00 – 2:30 PM, 356 Langley Hall Office hours by appointment can be arranged by email. Lecture Time Tuesdays & Thursdays, 2:30 – 3:45 PM, 169 Crawford Hall Course objectives This is a course in human biology and physiology for students not majoring in biology. The goal is to provide students with an understanding of fundamental principles of life with an emphasis on the human body. We will start by covering basic biochemistry and cell biology and then move on to the structure and function of human organ systems. An essential part of the course is a discussion of health issues of general interest, such as infectious, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases; asthma and allergy; nutrition and health; stem cells research and cloning; and methods of contraception and reproductive technologies. Textbook • Biology. A guide to the natural world, by David Krogh. Pearson, Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company. (ISBN#:0-558-65495-9). This is custom made textbook that includes only the parts of the original edition that are covered in the course. It is available in the Pitt bookstore. • You can also use the full 4th or 3rd edition, however, be aware that the chapters in earlier editions are rearranged in a different order and may be lacking some parts included in the later edition. -
Human Microbiome: Your Body Is an Ecosystem
Human Microbiome: Your Body Is an Ecosystem This StepRead is based on an article provided by the American Museum of Natural History. What Is an Ecosystem? An ecosystem is a community of living things. The living things in an ecosystem interact with each other and with the non-living things around them. One example of an ecosystem is a forest. Every forest has a mix of living things, like plants and animals, and non-living things, like air, sunlight, rocks, and water. The mix of living and non-living things in each forest is unique. It is different from the mix of living and non-living things in any other ecosystem. You Are an Ecosystem The human body is also an ecosystem. There are trillions tiny organisms living in and on it. These organisms are known as microbes and include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. There are more of them living on just your skin right now than there are people on Earth. And there are a thousand times more than that in your gut! All the microbes in and on the human body form communities. The human body is an ecosystem. It is home to trillions of microbes. These communities are part of the ecosystem of the human Photo Credit: Gaby D’Alessandro/AMNH body. Together, all of these communities are known as the human microbiome. No two human microbiomes are the same. Because of this, you are a unique ecosystem. There is no other ecosystem like your body. Humans & Microbes Microbes have been around for more than 3.5 billion years. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
Chapter 32 FOREIGN BODIES of the HEAD, NECK, and SKULL BASE
Foreign Bodies of the Head, Neck, and Skull Base Chapter 32 FOREIGN BODIES OF THE HEAD, NECK, AND SKULL BASE RICHARD J. BARNETT, MD* INTRODUCTION PENETRATING NECK TRAUMA Anatomy Emergency Management Clinical Examination Investigations OPERATIVE VERSUS NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Factors in the Deployed Setting Operative Management Postoperative Care PEDIATRIC INJURIES ORBITAL FOREIGN BODIES SUMMARY CASE PRESENTATIONS Case Study 32-1 Case Study 32-2 Case Study 32-3 Case Study 32-4 Case Study 32-5 Case Study 32-6 *Lieutenant Colonel, Medical Corps, US Air Force; Chief of Facial Plastic Surgery/Otolaryngology, Eglin Air Force Base Department of ENT, 307 Boatner Road, Suite 114, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542-9998 423 Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Combat Casualty Care INTRODUCTION The mechanism and extent of war injuries are sig- other military conflicts. In a study done in Croatia with nificantly different from civilian trauma. Many of the 117 patients who sustained penetrating neck injuries, wounds encountered are unique and not experienced about a quarter of the wounds were from gunshots even at Role 1 trauma centers throughout the United while the rest were from shell or bomb shrapnel.1 The States. Deployed head and neck surgeons must be injury patterns resulting from these mechanisms can skilled at performing an array of evaluations and op- vary widely, and treating each injury requires thought- erations that in many cases they have not performed in ful planning to achieve a successful outcome. a prior setting. During a 6-month tour in Afghanistan, This chapter will address penetrating neck injuries all subspecialties of otolaryngology were encountered: in general, followed specifically by foreign body inju- head and neck (15%), facial plastic/reconstructive ries of the head, face, neck, and skull base. -
Neuroscience
NEUROSCIENCE SCIENCE OF THE BRAIN AN INTRODUCTION FOR YOUNG STUDENTS British Neuroscience Association European Dana Alliance for the Brain Neuroscience: the Science of the Brain 1 The Nervous System P2 2 Neurons and the Action Potential P4 3 Chemical Messengers P7 4 Drugs and the Brain P9 5 Touch and Pain P11 6 Vision P14 Inside our heads, weighing about 1.5 kg, is an astonishing living organ consisting of 7 Movement P19 billions of tiny cells. It enables us to sense the world around us, to think and to talk. The human brain is the most complex organ of the body, and arguably the most 8 The Developing P22 complex thing on earth. This booklet is an introduction for young students. Nervous System In this booklet, we describe what we know about how the brain works and how much 9 Dyslexia P25 there still is to learn. Its study involves scientists and medical doctors from many disciplines, ranging from molecular biology through to experimental psychology, as well as the disciplines of anatomy, physiology and pharmacology. Their shared 10 Plasticity P27 interest has led to a new discipline called neuroscience - the science of the brain. 11 Learning and Memory P30 The brain described in our booklet can do a lot but not everything. It has nerve cells - its building blocks - and these are connected together in networks. These 12 Stress P35 networks are in a constant state of electrical and chemical activity. The brain we describe can see and feel. It can sense pain and its chemical tricks help control the uncomfortable effects of pain. -
1 Introduction to Cell Biology
1 Introduction to cell biology 1.1 Motivation Why is the understanding of cell mechancis important? cells need to move and interact with their environment ◦ cells have components that are highly dependent on mechanics, e.g., structural proteins ◦ cells need to reproduce / divide ◦ to improve the control/function of cells ◦ to improve cell growth/cell production ◦ medical appli- cations ◦ mechanical signals regulate cell metabolism ◦ treatment of certain diseases needs understanding of cell mechanics ◦ cells live in a mechanical environment ◦ it determines the mechanics of organisms that consist of cells ◦ directly applicable to single cell analysis research ◦ to understand how mechanical loading affects cells, e.g. stem cell differentation, cell morphology ◦ to understand how mechanically gated ion channels work ◦ an understanding of the loading in cells could aid in developing struc- tures to grow cells or organization of cells more efficiently ◦ can help us to understand macrostructured behavior better ◦ can help us to build machines/sensors similar to cells ◦ can help us understand the biology of the cell ◦ cell growth is affected by stress and mechanical properties of the substrate the cells are in ◦ understanding mechan- ics is important for knowing how cells move and for figuring out how to change cell motion ◦ when building/engineering tissues, the tissue must have the necessary me- chanical properties ◦ understand how cells is affected by and affects its environment ◦ understand how mechanical factors alter cell behavior (gene expression) -
A Description of the Omo I Postcranial Skeleton, Including Newly Discovered Fossils
Journal of Human Evolution 55 (2008) 421–437 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol A description of the Omo I postcranial skeleton, including newly discovered fossils Osbjorn M. Pearson a,*, Danielle F. Royer b, Frederick E. Grine c,d, John G. Fleagle c a Department of Anthropology, MSC 01-1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA b Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA c Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA d Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA article info abstract Article history: Recent fieldwork in the Kibish Formation has expanded our knowledge of the geological, archaeological, Received 24 April 2007 and faunal context of the Omo I skeleton, the earliest known anatomically modern human. In the course Accepted 15 May 2008 of this fieldwork, several additional fragments of the skeleton were recovered: a middle manual phalanx, a distal manual phalanx, a right talus, a large and a small fragment of the left os coxae, a portion of the Keywords: distal diaphysis of the right femur that conjoins with the distal epiphysis recovered in 1967, and a costal Anatomically modern Homo sapiens fragment. Some researchers have described the original postcranial fragments of Omo I as anatomically Omo Kibish modern but have noted that a variety of aspects of the specimen’s morphology depart -
Skeletal System Fact Sheet
Skeletal system fact sheet • At birth the human skeleton is made up of around 300 bones. By adulthood, some bones have fused together to end up with 206 bones. • Human bones grow continually from birth till our mid 20's. Our skeleton's bone mass is at its maximum density around the age of 30. • If broken our bones will re-grow and repair themselves. Often doctors will place a cast on splint to make sure these bones repair straight and true. • The axial skeleton part of the human skeleton has 80 bones. It includes the vertebral column, the rib cage and the skull and helps us maintain our upright posture, by spreading the weight in the head, and upper areas down to the lower areas near the hips. • The appendicular skeletal section of our skeleton has 126 bones. It includes the pectoral (shoulder) girdles, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the lower and upper limbs. Its function is for movement of the body and to protect some organs. • The human skeletal system has six major functions including the production of blood cells, for support, for movement, for protection, for storage of ions and endocrine regulation. • The longest bone in the human body is the thigh bone called the femur. • The smallest bone found in the human body is located in the middle ear. The staples (or stirrup) bone is only 2.8 millimetres (0.11 inches) long. • Like our skin, the human body's bones are also constantly worn down and re-made, to the point where every 7 years we essentially have a new bone. -
Human Anatomy and Physiology
LECTURE NOTES For Nursing Students Human Anatomy and Physiology Nega Assefa Alemaya University Yosief Tsige Jimma University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2003 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2003 by Nega Assefa and Yosief Tsige All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. Human Anatomy and Physiology Preface There is a shortage in Ethiopia of teaching / learning material in the area of anatomy and physicalogy for nurses. The Carter Center EPHTI appreciating the problem and promoted the development of this lecture note that could help both the teachers and students. -
The Human Body Is Like a Complex Machine, with Many Little Parts That Work by Themselves Or with Other Parts to Perform Specific Functions
Have you ever wondered about how the human body works? The human body is like a complex machine, with many little parts that work by themselves or with other parts to perform specific functions. Sometimes, it seems like our body has a mind of its own and it embarrasses you. Have you ever passed gas accidentally when other people were around? In most cases, the things that your body does are normal, but it’s important to know your body so you can recognize what is normal body behavior and what is not. If there is a problem with how your body works, by recognizing that there is a problem, you can take steps to fix it or get help. To understand how the body works, it helps to understand how the body is organized. The smallest living unit in any organism is a cell and the human body is made up of trillions of them. That is more than 1,000,000,000,000 cells! Cells are so small you cannot see them without a microscope. Cells are important for many reasons. They produce the energy in your body to do daily activities, or hold the coded instructions for everything from the color of your hair to whether you have freckles or not. Cells differentiate from each other to perform different, important tasks within the body. For example, some cells might become brain cells while others make bone, and red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body, while white blood cells fight infection. When a group of cells work together to perform ?a specific function, they are called tissue.