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Water Management in the Anthony–Pieman Hydropower Scheme

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Water Management in the Anthony–Pieman Hydropower Scheme Water management in the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme Pieman Sustainability Review June 2015 FACT SHEET Background The Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme provides a highly valued and reliable source of electricity. The total water storage of the hydropower scheme is 512 gigalitres and the average annual generation is 2367 gigawatt hours. Construction of the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme has resulted in creation of water storages (lakes) and alterations to the natural flow of existing rivers and streams. The Pieman Sustainability Review is a review of operational, social and environmental aspects of the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme that are influenced by Hydro Tasmania. This fact sheet elaborates on water management issues presented in the summary report, available at http://www.hydro.com.au/pieman-sustainability-review Water storage levels in the Anthony–Pieman Water levels have been monitored at these storages since hydropower scheme their creation in stages between 1981 and 1991. The Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme includes eight Headwater storages: Lake Mackintosh and Lake water storages, classified as headwater storages (Lakes Murchison Mackintosh and Murchison), diversion storages (Lakes Lakes Mackintosh and Murchison are the main headwater Henty and Newton and White Spur Pond) and run-of-river storages for the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme. storages (Lakes Rosebery, Plimsoll and Pieman). Lakes The water level fluctuates over the entire operating range Murchison, Henty and Newton and White Spur Pond do not from Normal Minimum Operating Level (NMOL) to Full release water directly to a power station; rather they are Supply Level (FSL) (Figures 1, 2). used to transfer water to other storages within the scheme. Lake Mackintosh 231.00 230.50 230.00 229.50 FSL 229.00 228.50 228.00 227.50 227.00 226.50 226.00 225.50 225.00 224.50 224.00 223.50 223.00 222.50 222.00 Lake Level (mASL) 221.50 221.00 220.50 220.00 219.50 219.00 NMOL 218.50 218.00 217.50 217.00 216.50 216.00 215.50 215.00 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 1: Lake Mackintosh daily water level since inundation (1981–2014). Spill events are indicated by peaks over FSL Lake Murchison FACT SHEET 245.00 244.00 243.00 242.00 241.00 FSL 240.00 239.00 238.00 237.00 236.00 235.00 234.00 233.00 232.00 231.00 230.00 229.00 228.00 Lake Level (mASL) 227.00 226.00 225.00 224.00 223.00 222.00 221.00 220.00 219.00 NMOL 218.00 217.00 216.00 215.00 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 2: Lake Murchison daily water level since inundation (1982–2014). Spill events have been more frequent at Lake Murchison than at Lake Mackintosh Mean monthly water levels are typically high in spring and summer, drawn down over late summer/autumn and re-filled over late winter and early spring (Figures 3, 4). Lake Mackintosh Lake Murchison 231 Max 250 FSL 229 245 Max 227 240 FSL 225 235 223 230 221 Min Lake Level (mASL) Lake Level (mASL) 225 219 NMOL Min 220 217 NMOL 215 215 Figure 3: Lake Mackintosh mean (squares), maximum and Figure 4: Lake Murchison mean (squares), maximum and minimum (bars) monthlyA: Lake lake Henty levels (Nov -basedApril) on daily water minimum (bars) monthly lakeWhite levels Spur Pond based on daily water level 524 532 level data from 1981 to 2014. Mean monthly lake Maxlevels are data from 1982 to 2014 530 Max useful for523 visualising the average or typical water levelsFSL within FSL 528 each lake.522 The minimum and maximum values for each month 526 were obtained521 by taking the highest and lowest single values for each month over the entire period of record. A maximum 524 520 Lake Level (mASL) value above FSL indicates that the lake is spilling Lake Level (mASL) 522 Min NMOL 519 Min 520 Western Tasmania typically receives most rain, NMOLand hence storages receive the highest inflows, in winter and early 518 518 spring. Consequently Lakes Mackintosh and Murchison spill more frequently between May and October than between November and April (Figures 5, 6). A: Lake Mackintosh (Nov-April) B: Lake Mackintosh (May-Oct) 231 231 229 FSL 229 FSL 227 227 225 225 223 223 221 221 Lake Level (mASL) Lake Level (mASL) 219 NMOL 219 NMOL 217 217 215 215 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of time exceeded % of time exceeded Figure 5: Lake Mackintosh lake level duration curves based on daily water level data from 1981 to 2014 for November to April (A) and May to October (B). The lake spilled (exceeded FSL) 4% of the time in November–April, and 7% of the time in May–October during the wetter winter months. Lake water level duration curves were derived by calculating percentiles of daily time series. Lake level duration curves show the percentage of time a specific level is exceeded over the recording period. The y-axis shows the range of lake levels (expressed as elevation in metres above sea level (m ASL)) and the x-axis shows the percentage of time a particular lake level is exceeded. Normal Minimum Operating Level (NMOL) and full supply level (FSL) are also marked on the plot Pieman Sustainability Review Water Management in the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme 2 A: Lake Murchison (Nov-April) B: Lake Murchison (May-Oct) 245 245 FACT SHEET FSL FSL 240 240 235 235 230 230 225 225 Lake Level (mASL) Lake Level (mASL) 220 220 NMOL NMOL 215 215 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of time exceeded % of time exceeded Figure 6: Lake Murchison lake level duration curves based on daily water level data from 1982 to 2014 for November to April (A) and May to October (B). The lake spilled (exceeded FSL) < 1% of the time in summer (November–April) and 5% of the time in winter (May–October) Diversion storages: Lake Henty, Lake Newton and White Spur Pond Lake Henty, Lake Newton and White Spur Pond are small diversion storages in the Anthony-Pieman hydropower scheme that experience rapid changes in water levels. Water levels in Lake Henty and White Spur Pond tend to fluctuate over the entire operating range due to rainfall events in the local catchment (Figures 7, 8). This effect is enhanced in Lake Henty due to the inter-basin transfer from the Halls Creek Rivulet diversion. In comparison Lake Newton is maintained at lower levels more often due to the rules governing the operation of the Newton pumps (Figure 9). Lake Henty 524.00 523.50 523.00 FSL 522.50 522.00 521.50 521.00 520.50 Lake Level (mASL) 520.00 519.50 519.00 518.50 NMOL 518.00 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 7: Lake Henty daily water level since inundation (1991–2014) White Spur Pond 531.00 530.50 530.00 FSL 529.50 529.00 528.50 528.00 527.50 527.00 526.50 526.00 525.50 525.00 524.50 524.00 Lake Level (mASL) 523.50 523.00 522.50 522.00 NMOL 521.50 521.00 520.50 520.00 519.50 519.00 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 8: White Spur Pond daily water level since inundation (1991–2014) Pieman Sustainability Review Water Management in the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme 3 Lake Newton FACT SHEET 481.00 480.50 480.00 FSL 479.50 479.00 478.50 478.00 477.50 477.00 476.50 Lake Level (mASL) 476.00 475.50 475.00 NMOL Lake Murchison Lake474.50 Mackintosh 250 231 Max 474.00 FSL 229 245 Max 473.50 227 240 FSL 473.00 225 235 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 223 230 221 Min Lake Level (mASL) 225 Lake Level (mASL) 219 Figure 9: Lake NewtonNMOL daily water level since inundation (1991–2014) Min 220 217 NMOL Mean water215 levels in Lake Henty and White Spur Pond are highest over215 winter (Figures 10, 11) whereas seasonal differences in lake levels are less pronounced in Lake Newton (Figure 12). A: Lake Henty (Nov-April) White Spur Pond 524 532 Max 530 Max 523 FSL FSL 528 522 526 521 524 520 Lake Level (mASL) Min Lake Level (mASL) 522 NMOL 519 Min 520 NMOL 518 518 Figure 10: Lake Henty mean (squares), maximum and Figure 11: White Spur Pond mean (squares), maximum and minimum (bars) monthly lake levels based on daily water minimum (bars) monthly lake levels based on daily water level data from 1991 to 2014 level data from 1983 to 2014 Lake Newton 481 Max 480 FSL 479 478 477 476 Lake Level (mASL) 475 NMOL 474 MIN 473 Figure 12: Lake Newton mean (squares), maximum and minimum (bars) monthly lake levels based on daily water level data from 1991 to 2014 Pieman Sustainability Review Water Management in the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme 4 Lakes Henty and Newton spill infrequently from November to April (approximately 1% of the time) and approximately 4% and 3% of the time, respectively, from May to October (Figures 13, 14).
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