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La Sardegna cresce con l’Europa Cagliaritano Territory

Basilica of Archaeological area Project jointly funded by the European Union San Saturnino of Sant’Eulalia Operational programme ERDF 2007 – 2013 Cagliari EUROPEAN UNION ERDF - European Regional Development Fund - Axis I, Activity line 1.2.3.a.

REPUBBLICA ITALIANA

P.O.R. ERDF 2007-2013, Line 1 “Information Society”, Specific Goal 1.2. “Promoting and developing the information society with a particular attention to those key aspects that will sustain the development of the territory and the quality of life, as health, education and the promotion of culture”, Operational Goal 1.2.3. “Increasing the production of the digital contents”, Action Line of 1.2.3.a. “Actions for the production, publication and sharing on the web and on new media (DTV, mobile T, etc.) of digital contents concerning Sardinia’s culture, literature, music, territory and images for a social fruition”.

Cultural heritage

Cagliaritano We thank the Superintendence for the Architectural, Landscape, Historical, Artistic and Ethno-An - thropological Heritage for the metropolitan city of Cagliari and for the provinces of Oristano, Medio , Carbonia-Iglesias and Ogliastra, for the kind cooperation. Territory

Basilica of San Saturnino | Cagliari

Archaeological area of Sant’Eulalia | Cagliari

Cultural heritage Unicity Srl: Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Coordination and Production 3D and 3D Render Reconstruction Cagliaritano and Production Virtual Guided Territory Visits and Virtual Views Production Communication and Multimedia

Basilica of San Saturnino Testaluna Srl: Text: Mrs. Lucia Mura 3D Planning and Interactivity Mrs. Rossana Martorelli Polonord Adeste Srl: Archeological area USB Pendrive Production of Sant’Eulalia Text: Mrs. Claudia Cocco Imago Multimedia Snc: Mrs. Francesca Collu Texts, Graphics and Photographs of the sites inside the Digital and Paper Guide Cultural heritage sites FSG Sas - Unicity Srl: Cultural heritage Text: Mrs. Emanuela Atzeni Interactive multimedial stations Mr. Giulio Concu and technical support The project “Cultural heritage Sardegna Virtual Archaeology”

he archaeological and architectonic aspects can be easily found and they are heritage of Sardinia offers a lot of fundamental elements of the nowadays Tunusual traits compared to the other Sardinian identity heritage. The essential Mediterranean territories. Its peculiarities are aspects of the Sardinian archaeology and concentrated in particular between the late architecture are well known, even if in a pre-history and the proto-history and have partial way, thanks to those excellent their apex in the . examples of the Nuragic complex of However, some other distinctive historical- or the Romanesque church of Saccargia, time features of Sardinia come from the which are already part of a common heritage ; significant presence of the Phoenician, Punic, but in a world where gathering information is Roman and Byzantine civilizations. A new relatively simple, the public administration and specific culture arose from the has the duty of presenting the culture of interaction of the local culture with those Sardinia in an objective and complete way, so outer civilizations: its material and immaterial that it could be available for any kind of experts and or any people without innovative educational products connected experience. That is why the R.A.S. ( Regional to the Sardinian places of culture, creating an Cagliaritano Administration of Sardinia) has chosen to integrated system of sites and monuments stimulate the spectacular aspects of some of that will be rebuilt with the use of the most the main archaeological and architectonic recent 3D technologies. So, the Sardinian remains, which were already built in dramatic heritage will be available for any kind of user landscapes that could fascinate even the through high quality products characterized least interested visitor. But the real challenge by fascinating graphics and rich interactive lies in contextualizing the archaeological sites information. With these purposes, seventeen in their cultural environment. The idea comes sites among the most significant of the from the concept that the remains of ancient Sardinian history and culture, deployed in cultures can “tell a story” when they are eight areas of interests , have been virtually “examined” all together, as if they were the reconstructed with three-dimensional and pages of a book that otherwise would be realistic features , as a result of an accurate incomprehensible at the end. Basically, the research on the bibliographic and project aims to illustrate a monument or a cartographic material. The digital site showing the reasons why it is interesting reconstructions meet those reconstructive not just for itself but also and above all for its hypotheses that have been validated by the importance in the surrounding cultural and scientific and academic community and that natural environment. This aspect is essential originate from the excavations, the field and useful for the interpretation of the today researches, the historical-archaeological and world: it helps us to understand why we artistic studies. Therefore, the 3D should preserve our archaeological and reconstructions offer the highest degree of architectonical heritage , beyond its fidelity to the original building or site, monumentality and although pertinent to reproducing the surrounding natural cultures, as for instance the Roman one, that landscape and the archaeological are usually considered extraneous to the environment with the external structures, the identitarian inheritance. The ways through inner spaces and real-life settings. The which this kind of knowledge should be ultimate digital product will be available at spread, are set depending on the media to some of the most important cultural places of which they are addressed for its fruition. Still, Sardinia, as for instance museums and the available products will go beyond the universities, and at the so-called “access mere didactic presentation of the site to points”, that are specific public spaces where come to a wider and complete description the interactive multimedia posts will be from all cultural points of view. installed and accessible to all visitors. Moreover, the product will be available on Content and purpose of the project digital support to be distributed during conventions, fairs, forum and tourism The project “Sardinian Virtual Archaeology exhibitions. In fact, the specific purpose of Cultural Heritage” was set up with the aim to the RAS’ “Linea di Attività 1.2.3.a” aims to enhance the so-called “Homogeneous increase the production, divulgation and System of Visual Identity” that the R.A.S. has sharing of digital contents referring to already started with the main purpose to Sardinian cultural assets, so to improve the create an instrument of safeguard and knowledge of the diverse users and to promotion of the Sardinian cultural heritage. enhance the education of the different Besides, the project contributes to the segments of students, in view of a useful improvement of the scientific, didactic and socio-cultural repercussion on the territory. Arrùbiu,

6 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology General map of Sardinia Cagliaritano territory

Olbia

Porto Torres Gallura

Alghero Sassarese

Nuoro Cagliaritano

Nuorese

Oristanese Cagliari Oristano Ogliastra Sant’Eulalia San Saturnino

Medio Campidano Cagliaritano

Cagliari San Saturnino S’ant’Eulalia Iglesiente

Sulcis

Basilica of Archaeological area San Saturnino of Sant’Eulalia (Cagliari) (Cagliari) Cagliari • Basilica a burial place since the Punic and the Roman of San Saturnino ages. Today the necropolis is in the eastern side of the city of Cagliari, while in the past it was outside the city walls and included lots of he basilica of San Saturnino was tombs dated back to the early Christian and probably built during the 4 th century the Byzantine ages. All around the church Ton the tomb of the Christian local there are several tombs of different type: martyr. Previously, the entire area was used as fossa tombs, cupa tombs – burial monuments

↑ Reconstruction of the necropolis: box graves, “cappuccina” tombs, mausoleums ↓ Stones with funerary inscriptions

Reconstruction of the basilica of San Saturnino

10 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 11 characterized by a base surmounted by a from the Roman age to the Late Antiquity. under the nearby church dedicated to San after the discovery of the supposed San semi-cylindrical covering – buried Lucifero – a bishop of Cagliari who lived in Lucifero’s tomb. The burial complex was sarcophaguses and the remains of burial The necropolis under the church the 4 th century and was a champion of originally composed of three burial chambers buildings of different size that sometimes of San Lucifero orthodoxy and an intransigent opponent of also known as “underground churches” or are provided with mosaics and date back The remains of some other tombs are kept Arianism – which was built in the 17 th century sacellum of San Lussorio, Rude and San

↑ Remains of “cappuccina” tombs and box graves ↓ A mosaic floor ↑ Funerary building (mausoleum) ↓ Façade of a funerary building with a glimpse of the interior

12 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 13 Lucifero. The chambers presented a small of the three “underground churches” include square room that was connected to a wider the corridor that leads to the first church, the rectangular hall, characterized by a vault second church – whose barrel vault was built resting on columns and arcosoliums – tombs in the 17 th century and whose floor was excavated in the rock walls and surmounted restored during the Fifties of last century – by arched niches. Some other tombs were set while the third church was deeply reshaped up under the floor at different layers and were and probably was in correspondence with the marked by mosaic inscriptions. The remains chancel of the above present church.

↑ Reconstruction of the three mausoleums today under the church of San Lucifero ↓ The entrance to a mausoleum

Interior of one of the three mausoleums under the church of San Lucifero

14 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 15 The first church certainly with the first basilica, that probably The second church: present church is the result of many structure The present church is the result of many became the “small crypt”, mentioned by the the Byzantine martyrium failures, alterations and restoring works that changes, restoration and remodelling sources, in which at the beginning of the 4 th The second basilica dedicated to the young were carried out in the course of time. works in the course of the centuries. In the century they buried a young local Christian, martyr was erected during the Byzantine age Originally the church presented a Greek cross northern side of the necropolis they Saturnino, who was martyrized during the between the second half of the 6 th century plan with a hemispherical dome at the discovered a big apse, identifiable almost Diocletianic persecutions. and the beginning of the 7 th century. The intersection of the arms, and a three-nave

↑↓ Reconstruction of the first church

Reconstruction of the second church: the Byzantine martyrium

16 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 17 interior. The construction of the church church. The new tombs were positioned The third church: the church of the monks body and rebuilding the four arms. The deeply changed the structure of the previous following the new arrangement of the area: of Saint Victor of Marseille Provencal workers reused lots of spolia , as necropolis that however continued to be while the Late Roman tombs were oriented During the Sardinian period of the capitals, columns, architectonical elements, used. The old burial chambers in the area following the pertaining buildings, the “Giudicati”, the kings of Cagliari bestowed inscriptions and burial stones. During the 17 th where the basilica was to be erected were Byzantine and the Late Middle Ages tombs the basilica to the monks of Saint Victor of century, the excavations in search of the destroyed and the demolition materials were were east-oriented and set up in relation with Marseille who, between 1089 and 1119, martyrs’ remains upset the areas outside used to flatten the ground or to build the new the church, even leaning against it. restored it keeping the central domed and inside the church: consequently,

↑ Reconstruction of the basilica of Saint Victor of Marseille ↓ The interior of the basilica of Saint Victor of Marseille

Reconstruction of the second church: the Byzantine martyrium

18 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 19 a new crypt was built along the longitudinal and rebuild the original structure of the site. rounded arcades resting on columns and to the church is beyond the missing western axis of the originally church that was closed by a semicircular apse. The central arm, opening on a glass wall supported reachable through a stairway and is still The present church nave is barrel vaulted while the side by a dark iron framework. This solution partially visible today. The excavations However, some original parts of the basilica two-span naves are cross vaulted. was chosen during the restoring works brought to light the maximum number are still in place, like the central area The partially collapsed western facade is carried out between 1978 and 1996 to of supposed saints’ remains, irreparably surmounted by the dome, which rests on divided in three units: the side units close the three big arches that originally altered the pre-existing structures, so that pillars with red marble encased columns, and present the portals surmounted by joined the three missing arms to today it is really difficult to understand the eastern arm divided in three naves by rounded lunettes. The actual entrance the central domed body. •

Alveolate red marble columns The basilica of San Saturnino

20 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 21 Cagliari • Archaeological sediments and structures that tell a 23- area of Sant’Eulalia century long story: from the 4 th century B.C. to the beginning of the 8 th century A.D. and then from the 14 th century to the present he archaeological area of Sant’Eulalia time. The oldest evidence of the site is an stretches for 900 square meters open-air mine on a limestone outcrop, Tunder the homonym church with excavated since the Late Punic age (4 th -3 rd

↑ Reconstruction of the mine ↓ Orthogonal cuts for the extraction of the stone blocks

The paved road

22 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 23 century B.C.) to extract blocks for new terracing on the outcrop, of which just three monument for money offerings – where the project was set up to build a paved road, two buildings. Evidence of this activity are still opus isodomum rows are left: on this terracing archaeologists discovered 307 bronze coins big buildings and a big portico . The road, visible in the traces of the orthogonal furrows, stood an out-of-the-wall sanctuary dated to the 3 rd century B.C.-1 st century A.D. made of big flagstones, originally was 4.20 that at the time of the mine dismissing were dedicated to a Semitic god and that The thesaurus was destroyed between the 4 th meters wide and was north-east/south-west filled with limestone powder to flatten the sacralised a border area. The only evidence of and the 5 th century A.D. and then obliterated, oriented towards the sea. The majesty of this surface. Some blocks were used to build a this temple is the thesaurus – a small probably at the time when a new urban public work emphasizes the importance of

↑ Reconstruction the thesaurus ↓ A detail of the thesaurus ↑ Reconstruction of the paved road and of the houses ↓ The paved road

24 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 25 the area and of the same road. Along the road that alternated with blocks bound with mud reach the landing and at least an upstairs serve a probable new rural function that there are two basins that were necessary for mortar. At the opposite side of the road there floor. At its back there are some rooms served seems to indicate a new socio-economical the maintenance of the underground sewage was a second and more recent block of by a cistern; some other rooms were added function of the area. After the 4 th century, a pipe. Between the 5 th and the 6 th century the buildings that was structured in various during the 6 th century in the south-east peculiar element of the quarter was the road was narrowed by inserting a framework- rooms, among which a courtyard with a well sector. The floors of these new rooms were porticus that on the west side shows a row of type wall made of vertical stone elements and an outhouse, two flights of a stair to raised and some stone troughs were set up to columns covered with stucco and resting on

↓ Reconstruction of a house: the inner ↑ Reconstruction of the houses at Sant’Eulalia ↑↓ Reconstruction of the porticus ↓ courtyard with its well and the outhouse

26 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 27 marble basis, while the opposite side was because of the houses beyond the church antefix representing gorgons and acanthus fragments of amphorae at the bottom of the closed by a double wall structure. It maybe perimeter resting on the archaeological foliage decorations made by some Imperial cistern attest that local people used it as a represented a monumental public building, layers; the inner wall was covered with Age workshops. The inner space was paved water supply. At the time of the discovery, the magnificent in its dimensions and coloured plaster. The structure was with small irregular limestone and marble cistern was sealed by a stone cap, probably to decorations: 8 metres large and 24 meters surmounted by sloping roofing covered with slabs resting on a lime bed where the bottle- preserve the coin treasure that had been long, its real size cannot be determined shingles and decorated with terracotta like entrance of the cistern opens. Numerous hidden in some dangerous moments. Before

↑↓ Reconstruction of the porticus and of the houses ↓ A detail of the columns of the porticus ↑ Reconstruction of the mouth of the cistern ↓ Amphorae and jugs found inside the cistern

28 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 29 the portico, a series of some other loglines in cistern. The 5 th century was characterized by Honorius and Arcadius, who respectively got some areas of the city while other areas were the lower surface makes think to the some events that changed the political order the western and the eastern part of the rebuilt on the previous structures. So, in the presence of some spaces where they used to in Sardinia and the urbanistic arrangement of Empire. A gold coin with the effigy of 7th century a wide room was built on the plant trees to frame and embellish the same its main towns. Since the end of the previous Honorius was found inside the cistern. buried wall at the bottom of the colonnade to colonnade, while one of the loglines was century, in 395, the emperor Theodosius Between 455 and 467, the Vandals annexed reach the thesaurus ’ partition wall. Another functional to channel the waters inside the divided his Empire between his two sons Sardinia to their kingdom, though the time of administrative void reflected again on Byzantine emperors tried to restore their the arrangement of the centre of Carales authority in the territory. The western part of around the 8 th century: the town appeared the Empire became more and more weak and to be composed of built areas separated by badly protected: the peoples that milled rural spaces; consequently the peripheral around its borders and its inner chaos quarters were slowly abandoned until damaged little by little its stability the 11 th century. The Byzantine city causing its fall in 476 A.D. These gradually focused on the town events reflected also in the centre, abandoning its eastern arrangement of the urban quarters as that of Sant’Eulalia. spaces: in some cases the As a matter of fact, the previous structures were materials found in the

↑ Terracotta antefixes ↓ Collapsed stone blocks on the left of the diagonal wall of the porticus divided in smaller rooms, in archaeological area are not some others they were built just dated back beyond the 8 th century A gold coin with on the new structures. In the light the effigy of Honorius and this attests that the area was of these historical events, the not frequented during the porticus underwent some important changes: following centuries. The quarter was later after the middle of the 5 th century A.D., some used as a dump: this caused not just the limestone blocks were inserted between the visual loss of the structures but also the loss columns in the northern sector to form a of their memory as they were filled and continuous wall. Then an orthogonal obliterated by layers of dust, earth and partition wall was placed against the bottom garbage. After about seven centuries, wall to obtain an enclosed room joining the the site was chosen to build a new temple by remaining portico and some of its elements the Catalan-Aragonese rulers. The were reused. Next to the southern part of the dedication to the Spanish saint is mentioned colonnade, seven rows were neatly arranged, by the source as an agio-toponym already in as a stock ready to be used: probably a part of 1332, while the church is known since 1365. this material came from the dismissed The original structure of the church structure. During the middle of the 6 th presented a one-nave ground plan, of which century, Sardinia became a Byzantine few elements are left, probably corresponding province (534 A.D.), but between 551 and 552 to the central nave of the present church. In the Ostrogoths arrived in the island and the 16 th century the temple was transformed seized some of the main towns, among which with a three-nave interior and a western Cagliari. The political instability during the 6 th entrance, while the underlying area was and the 7 th centuries caused the abandon of used as a burial crypt. •

30 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 31 Cagliaritano territory | Cultural Heritage sites 05. • Church of B.V. The most important well preserved, and the of monument is the church of coastal tower of Capo Burcei is a mountain village in Sant’Efisio , a chapel where Ferrato . south-eastern Sardinia, the procession in honour of immersed in a remarkable the saint stops along the way 08. • environment that includes from Cagliari to Nora on 1 st Sanctuary of Santa Greca Punta Serpeddì and the May. In the territory of 01. • Nuraghe end of the 9 th century and the towards a small rectangular Regional Park of Sette Decimomannu there are lots Armungia 10 th century, it presents a partially-paved vestibule. The Fratelli-Monte Genis . The 07. • Megalithic of traces of the Roman This single-towered nuraghe Greek-cross plan with an east- vestibule leads to a 12-step most interesting monument of complex of Cuili Piras presence, being along the is the most important oriented apse. A small dome staircase that goes down to the village is the church of Castiadas is a really ùroad from Calaris to Sulcos . archaeological evidence rises at the intersection of the the circular tholos -vaulted B.V. of Monserrato , built in fascinating tourist destination. It takes its name from the road in the territory of Armungia. barrel-vaulted arms. room. All around there are the the 18 th century and modified Its territory includes the station situated at the decimo Located at the centre of the remains of some rectangular in neoclassical style on a ab urbe lapide , that is the village, it was built with and circular rooms. Gaetano Cima’s project. tenth mile of the road from limestone and schist blocks in Cagliari. In fact, there is still a 2nd millennium B.C. The 04. • Nuraghe 06. • Church Roman bridge (1 st -2 nd century entrance, south-est oriented, Sa Domu ’e S’Orcu of Sant’Efisio A.D.) crossing the Rio Mannu,

Church of S. Giovanni Battista Church of S. Efisio

Nuraghe Armungia A wood-fired oven in Barrali Church of N.S. di Monserrato Sanctuary of S. Greca leads to an inner-splayed The territory of Barrali keeps The territory of Capoterra originally formed by thirteen corridor. The corridor leads to lots of evidence of the includes the naturalistic area arcades, and a long piece the circular chamber with its Nuragic time, among which of Monte Arcosu, the lagoon of a Roman extra-urban road tholos vault and two opposite Nuraghe Sa Domu ’e S’Orcu of Santa Gilla and the made of pebbles. In the old niches. On the left of the and in particular Nuraghe shoreline of Maddalena town centre stands the corridor, three metres above Montiuda , in a panoramic Spiaggia. The village was built church of Sant’Antonio the ground, opens the position on the homonym during the Roman age and in Megalithic complex of Cuili Piras Abate , built in the 15 th century stairwell that led to the upper Funtana Coberta hill. The village spread the Middle Ages it began to in Gothic-Catalan forms. floor and the roof. around the church of Santa the kingdom of Cagliari and to Forest of Acqua Callenti and The only remaining portion of 03. • Sacred well Lucia . The stone houses, the curatoria of Nora. The Monte Minniminni. The oldest the old sanctuary of Santa 02. • Church of of Funtana Coberta typical of the area of church of Santa Barbara evidence of pre-historical Greca , in the outskirts of the San Giovanni Battista This Nuragic temple was Trexenta, are embellished (1281), together with the times is the megalithic village, built in the 11 th century, It is one of the most important erected during the 12 th century by an arbour named nearby small village built at complex of Cuili Piras , with is the apse made of big monuments of the Byzantine B.C. It was made up with “Su Barrali” and contain the end of the 18 th century, about 50 menhirs. You can limestone blocks. The architecture in Sardinia. limestone blocks and a lock- a wide courtyard with a forms a religious complex with also visit the structures of the church was completely rebuilt Probably erected between the shaped plan; two antas open big wooden portal. a great historic importance. old prison , built in 1785 and before 1792.

32 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 33 09. • Church plan with its cruciform pillars. which there is the 15 th -16 th- times, among which some floor. Behind the apse they since pre-historical times. At of San Giorgio The façade is divided in five century “Arbor vitae” and the necropolises and the ruins found some traces of the the border with the village of On a spot of Monte Idda, arch-topped units by four 16 th -century altarpiece called of a villa . In the old town original church. there is the hamlet of inside the artificial grotto of pilasters, culminating with “Retable of San Pantaleo”. centre there is the church of San Simone , with a small Sant’Iroxi, in the territory of semicircular hanging San Giorgio , erected in 14. • Church church surrounded by the Decimoputzu, they brought arches that present flower, 11. • Gothic-Catalan style at the of San Sebastiano settlement called “De is to light a deposit of Nuragic zoomorphic, anthropo- Phoenician-Punic city end of the 15 th century. It This church was built in Nuraxis”. It was built in the bronze statues and nineteen morphic, geometrical and of Bithia presents one nave enriched Renaissance style on a Middles Ages on a previous arsenic copper weapons. monstrous decorations. The The only remain of the by some side chapels and previous Aragonese-style settlement that was populated The Romanesque church of lintel on the main portal is Phoenician settlement is a the presbytery is raised church, of which just a Gothic since Nuragic times and then San Giorgio is the most covered by a Roman marble wide necropolis (7 th -6 th compared to the rest of the rose window remains. At the abandoned at the end of the important monument of the century B.C.) and the area of structure. At the interior are 14 th century because of the village: it was built in the 11 th the tophet . This last, set up at kept some Byzantine marble plague. century on a Late Middle Ages the end of the 7 th century B.C. fragments taken from an older structure. It presents three on the small island of Su church. Next to the church 16. • Archaeological naves and the façade is Cardolinu, east of the stands the bell tower built in area of Sa Domu ’e Orgia topped by a belfry. acropolis, was abandoned at the same period. Located along an ancient

Church of S. Pantaleo Church of S. Sebastiano

Church of S. Giorgio Church of S. Giorgio Church of S. Caterina Sa Domu ’e Orgia

10. • Church the time of the Punic 13. • Church transhumant herding road, of San Pantaleo domination (at the beginning of Santa Caterina the Nuragic temple of Sa This is one of the most of the 4 th century B.C.) when The core of the village of Domu ’e Orgia is part of beautiful Romanesque they built a sanctuary on the Elmas stretches along the a sacred area, delimited churches of Sardinia, built previous Phoenician sacred lagoon shore and it dates back by an elliptic stone fence, between the 12 th and 13 th Tower of Chia area. At present the to the Middle Ages, when a Sanctuary of S. Simone including the remains of a century reusing portions of excavations are focused on an group of people founded the village, a nuraghe and a Roman and Byzantine slab with a carving showing a area that stretches towards village of Semelia . The village interior, noteworthy are some sacred well. Dated to the structures and with some snake amongst reeds. A13 th - the coastline opposite the was ruled by the monks of precious liturgical furnishings Late-Final , elements in Gothic style century funerary monument is Tower of Chia (16 th century Saint Victor and then was as a Gothic cross, traces of the temple was built with the (1261-1289). The floor plan placed against the south view A.D.) and towards the inland. abandoned during the second some frescoes, a 1623’s use of big roughly-shaped culminates with an apse. wall, including a sarcophagus half of the 16 th century. The wooden pulpit, and 17 th - schist blocks. An imposing There are some remains and two pieces of Late 12. • Church same monks built the small century stuccoes. and linteled entrance leads of the original structure in Antique columns. The interior of San Giorgio church of Santa Caterina in to the temple, which Pisan Romanesque style: keeps some noteworthy works The village of Donori lies at Romanesque style around 15. • Sanctuary includes a rectangular room the external walls, a section of of art: a 5 th- 6th- century the foot of Monte Zurru 1100. The remaining parts of of San Simone with a bench along its the façade up to the hanging baptismal font, a medieval and it keeps lots of evidence the original structure are the The village of Escolca rises in perimeter and a arches and the three-nave fresco in the apse, among of the Nuragic and Roman apse, the threshold and the an area that was populated smaller room.

34 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 35 17. • Church 19. Goni • Archaeological probably linked to the worship with four naves forming a 23. Mandas • Church 24. • Church of area of Pranu Mutteddu of the ancestors. Greek-cross plan, surmounted of San Giacomo of Vergine degli Angeli At the centre of the village go The megalithic complex of by a magnificent dome; next Among the numerous At the centre of the village Gergei stands the church of Pranu Muttedu of Goni, dated 20. • Church to the church stands a 17 th - Nuragic sites in the territory stands the Romanesque San Vito : built in Gothic- back to the Late Neolithic of San Pietro century and 35-m-high bell of Mandas, the most church of Vergine degli Aragonese style in the 16 th (3200-2850 B.C.)-Copper Guamaggiore is a peasant tower. The façade is preceded important is Nuraghe Su Angeli , consecrated in 1237: century, it keeps some Age (2800-2600B.C.), village characterised by a by a pronao with six Doric Angiu , a quadrilobed it keeps some precious extraordinary wooden statues stretches on a schist and marl beautiful old town centre with Columns. At the interior there monument surrounded by a marbles and Byzantine and altarpieces, as that of the plateau and includes some lots of old houses made with are some precious works of compound wall. Close to the plutei and an altarpiece “Blessed Virgin”, also called tombs made up of two or the use of ladiri (mud bricks). art, among which a statue of site, a wide settlement made by Berengario Pocalull “Madonna del Libro”, three concentric stone rings It presents some really Saint Peter probably in 1423. During the 16 th attributed to the Master of interesting churches. The transferred from the church of century, most of the Gergei and an imposing church of San Sebastiano the abandoned medieval structures were modified altarpiece made by Antioco was built between 1651 and village of Sennoru . in Gothic-Aragonese style Mainas coming from the 1654, while the church of San and two chapels with a cross church of Assunta. Pietro , erected in Gothic style 22. • Nuraghe Is Paras vault were added. in the 13 th century, stands in The most important site of Isili In the locality of Riu ’e Sicci 18. • Nuraghe the outskirts of the village. is Nuraghe Is Paras , erected they found a Byzantine San Sebastiano Also interesting is the country between the 15 th and the 14 th tomb.

Necropolis of Pranu Mutteddu Church of S. Giacomo

Church of S. Vito Church of Assunta Nuraghe Is Paras Domus de janas of Monte Olladiri

The Nuragic complex of San church of Maddalena, built in century B.C. on the top of a 25. Monastir • Sebastiano is a rare example 1219. At the interior they found marl hill. It is a complex Archaeological area of a polilobed nuraghe Church of S. Pietro Nuragic well with some finds nuraghe, with the central of Monte Olladiri situated inside a village. It is dated back to the Late Bronze tower reinforced by a trilobed Church of Vergine degli Angeli The slope of Monte Olladiri made of three towers and an with a platband corridor Age (14 th -12 th century B.C.). bastion including a courtyard. that goes down to the plain enclosure with six towers. On leading to the central burial A corridor leads to the tower, developed during the Punic, hosted a settlement that was its structures they built a chamber, which was built with 21. • Church whose circular chamber is Roman And early Middle frequented from the Late country church dedicated to a sub-Cyclopean technique. It of Assunta characterised by a magnificent Ages. The parish church Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Saint Sebastian and dated to includes also about fifty This imposing church was 12-m-high ogive vault. At the was built in Gothic-Aragonese The remains of the pre- the 17 th century, close to which proto-anthropomorphic planned by the architect centre of the chamber opens a style. At the one-nave Nuragic and Nuragic village of there are some tombs of the menhirs arranged in rows, in Gaetano Cima in Neoclassical circular well. The whole interior, the chancel is huts can be found at the base same period. On a nearby hill small groups or more rarely style and was erected at the structure was surrounded by a covered with a starry vault. of the slope and increase there is some evidence of isolated. The area was used centre of Guasila in 1852. It compound wall that includes a They keep some precious going towards the plain. On some Punic structures. for religious and funerary rites presents an octagonal plan village of circular huts. 16 th -17 th ’s wooden statues. the hill of Is Aruttas they have

36 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 37 excavated five domus de janas the church of Sant’Ambrogio , 42 menhirs; its name comes structure of the row-type 31. • Church erected in the 16 th century and (4 th -3 rd millennium B.C.); they built in Late Gothic-Catalan from the presence of a giants’ tombs; it is dated to the of San Michele divided in two orders: in the present a vestibule and a cell, style in the 16 th century, and corridor nuraghe, about 200 Middle Bronze. Excavations The village of Nurri lies at first, on the north side, there is and small quadrangular or the Museum of Sardinia metres far from the megalithic brought to light some about 600 m of altitude on a portal with a pointed arch trapezoidal entry. The remains Railways with old equipment complex. Chalcolithic statue-menhirs the edge of an extinct volcano. surmounted by a carved of the fortress of Baratuli , built and machinery. with symbolic motifs in relief There are lots of moulding. on previous Nuragic 28. • Sacred well as the double knife and archaeological sites in its structures, are included in a 27. • Menhirs of Coni upside-down figures. territory, Neolithic necropolis 32. Orroli • Nuraghe hexagonal plan. Built by the of Piscina Rei and The village of Nuragus and several nuraghi like those Arrubiu kings of Cagliari at the middle of Nuraghe Scalas corresponds to the Roman 30. • Church of Corongiu ’e Maria, Santu The territory of Orroli keeps of the 12 th century A.D, it was city of Valentia , which was an of San Pietro one of the most important abandoned at the beginning of important site along the road At the centre of Nuraminis, megalithic monuments of the the 14 th century. The site is Cagliari-. In the the church of San Pietro was Mediterranean area, erected strictly connected to the surroundings there are also built in Gothic-Aragonese between the 14 th and the 8 th history of the medieval villa the remains of the style in 15 th century. It presents century B.C. on a basalt Baratuli . The country church Romanesque church of Santa a crenellated façade and a big plateau overlooking the river

Church of S. Michele

Menhir of Piscina Rei

Church of S. Ambrogio Sacred well of Coni Church of S. Pietro Nuraghe Arrubiu of Santa Lucia , built in Maria di Valenza. The territory rose window; it keeps some Flumendosa. Its ground-floor Romanesque style at the end of Nuragus is characterised by Byzantine inscriptions. Later it and first-floor chambers have of the 13 th century, presents a 38 Nuragic structures. The was modified and it keeps just beautiful intact tholos vaults. It single-nave plan and keeps most important nuraghi are the bell tower and some is surrounded by a five-tower the important altarpiece of those of Santu Millanu, starred vault in the apse and in Nuraghe Arrubiu bastion and the entire Santa Lucia. Valenza and Serra Ilixi. In the the chapels of the original structure is bounded by a Menhirs of Nuraghe Scalas locality of “Conca di Coni” structure. It presents a Perdu and Su Pitzu ’e is seven-tower compound wall. 26. Monserrato • Church there is the small but refined smooth façade with a portal Cangialis. The parish church Beyond the stone fences there of Sant’Ambrogio The territory of Muravera well temple of Coni , dated to embellished by some capitals of San Michele was built on a are the ruins of a village with The name of the village comes keeps two of the most the Late Bronze. and surmounted by a niche, previous church structure in dozens of circular huts. During from the Madonna of important megalithic complex with the statue of the saint, the 16 th century, and then the Roman Age they set up Montserrat, whose statue is of Sardinia: that of Piscina Rei , 29. • Megalithic and by a window that was a extensively renovated during two wine workshops inside the kept inside the church of B.V. dated back to the 3 rd tomb of Aiodda big rose window. The interior the 18 th century combining nuraghe. of Pauli. The old town centre millennium B.C., which The small village of Nurallao presents a single nave with a different styles. It has a Greek is very interesting, with the includes about twenty keeps an important prehistoric barrel sandstone vault and cross plan. The most 33. • Nuraghe typical campidanese-style aniconic granite menhirs. The monument: the tomb of some precious Byzantine important element of the S’Omu de S’Orcu houses. Also important are site of Nuraghe Scalas keeps Aiodda , which presents the marble fragments. church is it’s the bell tower, In the territory of Ortaces

38 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 39 there are lots of proofs of the same dirt patch you can reach 36. • Giants’ dolmenic structure. On the Neolithic times, among which 41. San Nicolò Gerrei • Nuragic time, among which the Neolithich necropolis of tomb of Is Concias northern side of the courtyard the Neolithic necropolis of Church of San Nicola Nuraghe S’Omu de S’Orcu , S’Acqua Salida , which The Giants’ tomb of Is Concias opened an inside-the-wall S’Urri, and of the Nuragic In the surroundings of San along the border with presents eight tombs; Tomb II dates back to the 14 th -13 th staircase that climbed up to times, like the well-preserved Nicolò Gerrei there are two Guasila’s territory. The village is characterized by traces of century B.C. It is a perfect the upper floors. During the Nuraghe Su Nuraxi , north of Nuragic sacred sources: Is stretches in a plain, with lots red painting and some carved example of the Nuragic row- Second World War, a small the village. It is a polylobed Molineddus and Su Musuleu. of sources like that of Mitza bull protomes. type tomb. It has a fort was built on the top of the nuraghe, with an imposing Among the remains of the S’Orrù, Mitza Su Fenu and bull-horn-shape plan. At the main tower. central tower. Nuraghe sanctuary of Santu Iacci they Fontana Bangius, already 35. Pula • Archaeological centre of the façade there is Bruncu Maurreddu is a found the base of a bronze known by the Romans. At a area of Nora the architraved small entrance. 38. Sadali • Church complex structure with an column with an inscription in brief distance stands the This important archaeological A betyl stands on the left side of San Valentino enclosure wall and a village. In Latin, Greek and Punic country church of San of the entrance. On the right of Located at the centre of the the old town centre stands the languages, dated back to the Bartolomeo, a 16 th -century the exedra there are three holy village, the church of San middle of the 2 nd century B.C. structure that lies in a locality circular fireplaces. The intact Valentino was built by some The small village is really nice where, after the tradition, funerary chamber presents a Byzantine monks but it was thanks to its characteristic stood the village that was later jutting walls and an apse at the modified in Gothic-Aragonese houses built with the use of moved to the actual site rear, where the counter for style during the 17 th century. It schist ashlars or mud bricks because of the plague. offerings is still in place. is the unique church in around the 17 th -century all around the 17 th -century

Nuraghe Su Nuraxi

Archaeological area of Nora church of San Giovanni Battista , erected in Aragonese area includes some Nuragic, style in the 16 th century, and Phoenician, Punic and Roman the 17 th -century church of evidence. The remains of the Santa Barbara. Domus de janas of Corongiu Phoenician-Punic settlement Giants’ tomb of Is Concias Waterfall of S. Valentino Church of S. Sperate are the foundations of the 40. San Basilio • Roman 34. Pimentel • Domus Temple of Tanith , some 37. Quartu Sant’Elena • Sardinia dedicated to the Baths and church church of San Nicola , which de janas of Corongiu fortification walls and a Nuraghe Diana Roman martyr who lived in of San Basilio presents a one-nave plan In the territory of Pimentel foundry. Most of the visible Nuraghe Diana is an imposing the 3 rd century. Nearby the These Roman Baths were built covered with a barrel vault. there are some interesting monuments date back to the trilobed structure that was church there are the famous in the 2 nd century A.D.; they Neolithic sites. On the left of Roman Imperial Age: the erected between the Late waterfall of San Valentino are composed of a central 42. • Church the road to Guasila, a houses, the forum and the Bronze and the Early Iron Age and an example of a 17 th - chamber divided in three of San Sperate deviation leads to the baths with floor mosaics, a 1 st - on the panoramic hill of Is century wooden mill. At a rooms. A second room The village of San Sperate is Neolithich necropolis of century Roman theatre, the Mortorius , at a brief distance brief distance from the village, reproduces a rectangular called “museum village” Corongiu , one of which Aesculapius’s temple and from Quartu Sant’Elena’s is interesting the grotto of Is house with two doors and a because of the presence of presents a small well, an sanctuary. On the eastern coastline. The central tower Janas , a 280-m- long gallery roof where there is a fresco lots of murales and works of anticella with a side niche and cape stands the Spanish tower was linked to two minor ones divided in five chambers. reproducing a nightly sky. The art along its streets. At the a cell with a bench. Around of Castellazzo, built in the 16 th by a triangular bastion. The structures were reused by the Pinuccio Sciola’s “Giardino the entrance there is a carved century to defend the coast entrance to the central tower 39. • Nuraghe Byzantine monks as the Sonoro” you can admire its decoration representing a against the pirates’ incursions is characterized by a massif Su Nuraxi foundations for their fascinating “resounding vertical element surrounded and that today is used as a lintel flanked by two vertical The territory of Samatzai monastery and the church of stones”. The most important by some spirals. Along the lighthouse. blocks that make it similar to a keeps lots of traces of the San Basilio (12 th century). monument is the church of

40 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 41 San Sperate , built in the 17 th Nuragic times to the Late rooms at the western side of documented and dated to the tombs. The findings are settlement with housing and century on a Paleochristian Roman and Late Middles the complex can be attributed 11 th -12 th century A.D. gathered at the Museum Sa communitarian structures church. The new church Ages. In the Middle Ages the to a successive age, while a Domu Nosta , set up in a dating back to the Late covered completely the village belonged to the small room had probably a 47. • Church typical house in the old town Bronze-Early Iron Age, like a primitive temple and the only Kingdom of Cagliari, included funerary function. of Sant’Anna centre. well temple, one in antis remaining part is a chest in the curatoria of Trexenta. The small village of Selegas temple and one hypaethral covered with mortar where The parish church of 46. • Church rises around the church of 49. • Church of temple. The wide area legend has it that the martyr Sant’Andrea was built in the of San Giuliano Sant’Anna , which was first Santa Maria of Sibiola called “Feasting Enclosure” Speratus was buried. The 17 th century and presents a The old origins of the town of built in Late Gothic style in Built by the monks of Saint and the wide “Chief’s House” epigraph remembering the single-nave plan covered with Selargius are witnessed by the the 12 th -13 th century. The Victor of Marseille between had a communitarian arriving of the saint’s and his a barrel vault. Also interesting finds in the Nuragic church presents a smooth the 11 th and the 12 th century, function. The ruins of a friends’ remains was lost. The settlements (Late Neolithic, curvilinear facade, flanked by Punic-Roman temple, the one-nave plan is roofed with a 3200-2850 B.C.) of Cuccuru a high squared bell tower finds of archaeological barrel vault with two chapels Matt’e Masonis and of Su topped by a small dome. At materials dated back to the at each side. Coddu. In the old town centre the interior they set up a Roman Age and to the stands the 13 th -century museum to gather statues, Byzantine age and the nearby 43. San Vito • Nuraghe Romanesque church of San liturgical books and furnishing medieval church of Santa Asoru Giuliano , built in the 11 th dated back since the 16 th Vittoria, confirm the The territory of the small century reusing some Roman century. sacredness of the place.

Nuraghe Antigori Church of S. Maria di Sibiola

are the country churches of this church probably was the B.V. of Bonaria and that of core of the old village of Sant’Isidoro. Sibiola , an agricultural centre managed by the same monks. 45. • Nuraghe It is one of the few Antigori Romanesque buildings in Nuraghe Asoru The old origins of the village of Church of S. Anna Necropolis of Monte Luna Sardinia with a two-nave plan; Archaeological area of S. Vittoria Sarroch are witnessed by the each nave culminates with a village of San Vito is full of Nuragic remains, like Nuraghe architectonic elements. It 48. Senorbì • Punic semicircular apse and has its 51. • Church archaeological sites, the most Sa Domu ’e S’Orcu and presents a double-lancet necropolis of Monte Luna own entrance. At the interior, of San Giorgio important of which is Nuraghe Antigori ; this last window on the façade. In the The territory of Senorbì keeps the naves are divided by The Roman name of this Nuraghe Asoru , built to was a fortified complex 13 th -14 th century they added a lots of evidence of pre- arcades resting on cruciform village refers to the distance protect the valley of the river (Middle Bronze-Early Iron porch on some columns and Nuragic and Roman times. On pillars. from Caralis in Roman miles. Picocca and made up of a Age) set up on a hill from pillars. On the side walls, with the hill of Santu Teru, the In the old town centre stands tower surrounded by a which they could easily splayed windows on the apse, Punic area of Monte Luna 50. Serri • Archaeological the church of San Salvatore, trilobed bastion including a control the coastline. You can there is a series of round includes an acropolis area of Santa Vittoria built in the 12 th century, and courtyard. visit some of the rooms: the hanging arches separated surrounded a compound wall, Built at the edge of a basalt the church of San Giorgio , in southern bulwark, Tower C, by corbels. Above the lintel a built-up area, some metal- plateau, this site is a good Gothic-Catalan style. Along 44. Sant’Andrea Frius • which keeps the tholos vault of there is a monolith arch. In the working foundries and the example of the the road to stands the Church of Sant’Andrea its ground-floor chamber, the apse is kept an altar with the necropolis, of which about 100 superimposition of cultures. Romanesque church of San Most of the archaeological quadrangular Room A, where statue of the saint riding a tombs have been excavated It includes a Middle Bronze Gemiliano , which was the sites in the territory of then archaeologists found horse. Outside there are the so far. It is characterized by Age nuraghe, some Nuragic parish of the abandoned Sant’Andrea Frius show a some Mycenaean ceramic remains of a Nuragic well; a fossa tombs, well tombs, burial defensive structures village of Sussua and built in frequentation from the fragments, and Tower F. Some cemetery area was recesses and enchytrismòs (14 th -11 th century) and a the 11 th century by the monks

42 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 43 of Saint Victor of Marseille. It times in the area. The most servants’ and the soldiers’ church of Santa Barbara , built stands the 17 th -century church the homonym locality. The presents two apsidal naves important site is Nuraghe rooms, the stables and the in Gothic-Aragonese style. It of San Giacomo that keeps present village was founded in and it was restored in the 13 th Su Nuraxi , in the locality storehouses. At the second presents a Latin-cross plan some precious works of art, the 17 th century around the century. A porch was added of Pauli, a single-towered level there is the barrel- enriched by side chapels and a like liturgical furniture and church of Carmelo. externally in the 16 th century. nuraghe dated back to vaulted tower-cistern, made raised presbytery. At the some 16 th -century paintings Noteworthy is the Spanish 16 th -10 th century. It was built of three rooms. The castle interior there are some 18 th - from the school of Stampace tower of Budello , overlooking 52. • with the use of schist blocks. originally had a U plan and century paintings and some of Cagliari, an 18 th -century the inlet of Budello and the Nuragic site of A vestibule leads to the was structured in three floors; 17 th -century wooden statues. statue of San Giacomo and a beach of Su Portu de S’Arena. Cuccuru Nuraxi circular chamber with it keeps the watching tower. crucifix belonging to the On a hill at a brief distance niches on the walls. 57. • Brotherhood of the Rosary. 61. Ussana • Church from the village of Settimo 55. • Pisan castle Nuraghe Su Nuraxi of San Saturnino there is the really important of Sassai The villages of Siurgus and The Roman origins of the well temple of Cuccuru Some kilometres far from the Donigala have a different village of Ussana are clear in Nuraxi , dated back to the 2 nd village of Siliu stand the ruins origin. The first, whose name the archaeological area nearby millennium B.C. and with the of the castle of Sassai or comes from the name Xiurgus , the church of San Lorenzo, remains of a polilobed “castello Orgoglioso”, erected was founded as a Byzantine where there are the remains of nuraghe and a sacred well. by the Pisans in the 13 th monastery. The second was some thermal baths dated The water well temple was century, then it passed into founded during the Middle back to the 4 th century A.D.

Castle of Acquafredda Nuraghe Piscu

54. Siliqua • Castle 59. • Nuraghe Piscu of Acquafredda The territory of Suelli was On the hill of Acquafredda, inhabited since the Nuragic overlooking the plain of the times, as attested by lots of Cixerri, stands the castle of megalithic monuments, Acquafredda , erected by the among which Nuraghe Piscu Church of S. Giorgio family of Donoratico della Castle of Sassai Church of S. Barbara (Bronze Age-Iron Age). It is Spanish Tower of Budello Gherardesca in the 13 th characterized by a central obtained inside one of the century with a defensive the hand of the Aragonese. It Ages. Nuraghe Su Nuraxi of tower and four minor towers The village keeps several towers of the nuraghe; it is function. Afterwards it passed was destroyed in 1353 by the Siurgus is an important joined by a mighty bastion precious monuments, like the made of a 2-m-long into the hands of the Pisans Arborea’s army. The archaeological evidence containing a small courtyard. Romanesque church of San rectangular vestibule that and in 1326 it was conquered excavations brought to light a particularly for its location The complex is protected by a Saturnino , erected by the leads to a landing. A steep by the Aragonese crown and storehouse and an oven for close to the church of San towered compound wall monks of Saint Victor of staircase goes down to the then abandoned. The remains bread, probably located in a Teodoro. You can also visit the where there are the remains of Marseille in the 12 th century hypogeal chamber, where include some walls with room that worked as the site of Nuraghe Gega, at the some circular and rectangular and then restored many times. there is the sacred well battlements and some kitchen. It keeps the perimeter border with the territory of huts. In the 18 th century the surmounted by a 20-m-deep emblems, among which a walls, a square tower and two Gerrei, and Nuraghe Erra, on a liturgical axis of the church cylindrical pipe. hawk, the symbol of the Pisan underground rooms with hill overlooking the region of 60. Teulada • Spanish was inverted, the apse were family. The fortress is some rings on the wall that Trexenta. tower of Budello demolished, the altar was 53. • Nuraghe structured in three levels: a were probably used as prisons. The village of Teulada is the collocated at the west of the Su Nuraxi ’e Pauli village, a tower-cistern and 58. • Church heir of the Roman Tegula , plan and the eastern side The village spread around the real castle. The village, at 56. • Church of San Giacomo along the road that linked became the façade. At the the 16 th -century church of the foot of the hill, was of Santa Barbara The village rises in one of the Nora to Sulci , as attested by interior it keeps a 3 rd -century the Blessed Virgin, but there is defended by a crenellated In the upper quarter of the most fertile areas of southern the ruins nearby the church sarcophagus and some pieces lots of evidence of Nuragic enclosure and included the village stands the 16 th -century Sardinia. In the upper quarter and tower of Sant’Isidoro, in of Roman columns.

44 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 45 62. Uta • Church village of circular huts. The Ages. Inside the nuraghe, the antimony mining site in built in the 16 th century. In the first stages of the Gothic style of Santa Maria wells were built with the use of archaeologists found a Sardinia. It still keeps the 19 th century the tower lots its in Sardinia. It was built in The church of Santa Maria schist ashlars and present a fragment of a handle of a workers’ village, the Director’s function and the structure of a limestone ashlars around the stands in the outskirts of the vestibule bounded by low bronze Schnabelkanne-type building, the washer plants lighthouse was added around end of 13 th century, with a village of Uta. It is one of the stone walls, with a staircase “oinochoe ”. and the chemical workshop. 1856. It was located on the single-nave plan and one apse, best expressions in Sardinia of leading to the underground Closed in 1987, it is now part of highest peak of the island and and was roofed with wooden the combination of the tholos -vaulted chamber. 65. • Castle the Sardinian Historical and it presents a parallelepiped trusses. The façade is topped Provencal and Tuscan- of Quirra Environmental Geo-mining plan and two floors. by a row of hanging arches Lombard styles. It was built by 64. • The territory of Villaputzu Park approved by UNESCO. and a small belfry. The north the Benedictines of Saint Nuraghe Adoni includes some important sites, 68. • Nuragic view is characterized by a Victor of Marseille during the North of the village of among which the remains of 67. • Phoenician complex Su Sonadori portal surmounted by a second half of the 12 th century Villanovatulo stands the the city of Sarcapos , the centre and Roman sites The village of Villasor was limestone lintel with carvings on the remains of an earlier that maybe gave its name to founded in 1414 when the church. The façade, in marble the Sarrabus region. Along the Catalan lord Giovanni Siviller and calcareous ashlars, is state road S.S.125 rises the built a castle in Gothic style to surmounted by a little belfry. Castle of Quirra , erected on protect the territory from the The side views present a great the top of a panoramic hill by enemies. But the area was variety of symbolic, the kings of Cagliari between already populated since anthropomorphic and the 12 th and the 13 th century. At prehistoric times, as attested zoomorphic sculptures. The the foot of the hill the Pisans by the presence of the

Fortezza Vecchia The mosaic at San Cromazio Archaeological area of Matzanni The territory of Villasimius reproducing a cross and a was frequented since the human figure. Neolithic age as witnessed by the necropolis of the beach of 70. • Riso. In the 7 th century B.C. Roman •Byzantine site the Phoenician built a of San Cromazio Church of S. Maria Mine of Su Suergiu commercial emporium on a Church of S. Pietro The site of San Cromazio, in hill in the locality of the territory of Villaspeciosa, interior is divided in three built the small church of San Cuccureddus , with a sacred important Nuragic complex contains some important naves covered with wooden Nicola , one of the two area, probably dedicated to of Su Sonadori , built on the evidence of the trusses and round-arched Sardinia’s Romanesque Ashtart and frequented up to top of a hill in the locality of superimposition of cultures. arcades resting on columns churches built with exposed the Roman Age. The structure S’Aqua Cotta . It is dated back Around the 1 st century B.C. decorated with capitals. brick wall surfaces. Towards of Fortezza Vecchia , built as to the Late Bronze. This site they built a mansio for the Nuraghe Adoni the village of Tertenia there is watching and defensive tower presents a six-lobed bastion people travelling to and from 63. • also the interesting Nuragic in the 14 th -16 th century, is and some rooms of a Cagliari. In the 4 th century A.D. Archaeological area imposing Nuragic complex of sacred well of Is Pirois. located on a promontory not settlement all around the they built a church on of Matzanni Adoni , made up of a central far from Capo Carbonara. The nuraghe. previous small Roman baths. The mountain area of tower surrounded by a 66. • Mine complex is structured in four The church contained the Vallermosa keeps a Nuragic quadrilobed bastion, a of Su Suergiu square lobes with the 69. • biggest polychrome early- sanctuary (Late-Final Bronze), compound wall and a village At a brief distance from the insertion of small bastions at Church of San Pietro Christian mosaic of Sardinia. probably dedicated to the of circular or sub-elliptical village of Villasalto there is the the corner of the original This small but interesting Some cist graves under the water worship. It includes huts. It was frequented from mine of Su Suergiu , which triangular building. The tower example of a Romanesque church ruins date back to the three well temples and a small the Bronze Age to the Middle was the most important in the Island of Cavoli was church was built during the same Byzantine period. •

46 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 47 THE PROJECT “CULTURAL HERITAGE SARDEGNA VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY ”

LIST OF GUIDES

CAGLIARITANO OGLIASTRA TERRITORY TERRITORY Basilica Nuragic complex of of San Saturnino | Cagliari S’Arcu ’e Is Forros Archaeological area Villagrande Strisaili of Sant’Eulalia | Cagliari The harbour and the coastal towers of Arbatax | Tortolì

SULCIS0IGLESIENTE TERRITORY NUORESE Necropolis of TERRITORY Is Pirixeddus | S. Antioco Castle Archaeological area of Fava | Posada of Monte Sirai | Carbonia Giants’ tomb of S’Ena ’e Thomes | Dorgali

MEDIO CAMPIDANO TERRITORY SASSARESE Nuragic village TERRITORY of Su Nuraxi | Barumini Necropolis of Castle of Monreale | Sant’Andrea Priu | Church and monastery of San Nicola di Trullas | Semestene ORISTANESE TERRITORY Archaeological area GALLURA of Tharros | Cabras TERRITORY Roman baths Megalithic Circles of Forum Traiani | Fordongianus of Li Muri | The area of the basilicas Baldu’s of Cornus-Columbaris | Cuglieri Palace | Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 49