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A Case of Wanaheda Police Station Area of Jurisdiction I COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (CASS) CENTRE FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTION OF THE JOINT OPERATIONS ON CRIME PREVENTION IN NAMIBIA – A CASE OF WANAHEDA POLICE STATION AREA OF JURISDICTION IN KHOMAS REGION Dissertation submitted to the University of Rwanda in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Master Degree of Arts in Peace Studies and Conflict Transformation By: Frednard J. NANGOLO Supervisor: Dr Peter J. MUGUME Musanze, May 2020 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this study is my own work and is a true reflection of my research, and that this work, or any part thereof has not been submitted for any requirement anywhere else rather than the University of Rwanda. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by means (e.g. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the author, or the University of Rwanda in that behalf. I, Frednard Jack NANGOLO, grant The University of Rwanda the right to reproduce this thesis in whole or in part, in any manner or format, which the University of Rwanda may deem fit. Signature: _____________________________ Date: 22 May 2020 FJ NANGOLO i DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my lovely wife, Letta NANGOLO, who infused me with added joy with the birth of my daughter, Verona NANGOLO, who was born during my time away from home, on 02 March 2020. You have all endured my absence at the time when you needed me most. I am certainly grateful for your love and understanding. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank God Almighty for the wisdom, strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study, without whose it would not have been possible to make it this far. Secondly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my research project supervisor, Dr Peter J. MUGUME, at the College of Art and Social Sciences – Centre for Conflict Management of the University of Rwanda, whose guidance was very immense. Dr MUGUME had always been supportive, with his patience and knowledge, while constantly allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right direction whenever he thought I needed it. Similarly, my appreciation goes to the Officer in Charge and the Directing Staff at the Rwanda National Police College (NPF) for their support and encouragement. Without him, I would not have completed this dissertation. Let me also use this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to the Inspector- General of the Namibian Police Force, Lt-Gen. Sebastian Haitota Ndeitunga, and his management, for having allowed me an opportunity to pursue my research on this topic, through obtaining experts opinion for this research project, as well as for providing me with officers to assist with the data collection process, most particularly Deputy Commissioner Josia ‘Gwepa’ SHIKONGO in the Crime Prevention Directorate of the Namibian Police Force. Similarly, I would like to thank the Chief of the Namibia Defence Force, the Commissioner-General of the Namibia Correctional Service, as well as the Chief of the Windhoek Municipal Police, for granting me a permission to obtain views from officers within their respective institutions, for the purpose of this research project. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my wife (Mrs. Letta NANGOLO), for a continuous encouragement throughout the year of my study, my children (Fillemon, Harold and Verona NANGOLO), for every moment the borne when allowed me to stay away from home for a long year, months and days, depriving them of a precious family time. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................ vii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... viii Chapter One: General Introduction .................................................................................. 1 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of this study ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Research Objectives ........................................................................................................ 7 1.4 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Significance of this study ................................................................................................ 8 1.6 Delimitations of the study ............................................................................................... 8 1.7 Structure of the Study ...................................................................................................... 9 Chapter Two: Literature Review ..................................................................................... 10 2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Definitions of Key Concepts ......................................................................................... 10 2.2 Joint Operations and Crime Prevention ......................................................................... 12 2.3 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................. 21 2.3.1Routine Activity Theory ........................................................................................................... 21 2.3.2Rational Choice and Deterrence Theories ................................................................................ 23 2.3.3The Relevance of the Theories ................................................................................................. 24 2.4 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................. 24 2.4.1Explanation of the conceptual framework ................................................................................ 25 2.8 Summary of the Chapter ................................................................................................ 26 Chapter Three: Methodology ........................................................................................... 27 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Research Design ............................................................................................................ 27 3.3The location of the study ................................................................................................ 28 3.4The Population................................................................................................................ 29 iv 3.5 Sampling technique and sampling size.......................................................................... 29 3.6 Data Collection Methods, Instruments and Procedures ................................................ 31 3.7 Data Analysis................................................................................................................. 32 3.8 Ethical Issues ................................................................................................................. 33 3.9 Limitation of this Study ................................................................................................. 34 3.10 Summary of the Chapter .............................................................................................. 35 Chapter Four: Research Findings and Analysis ............................................................ 36 4.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 36 4.1 Findings ......................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.1Response Rate on the Questionnaire ........................................................................................ 37 4.1.2General Information of Respondents ........................................................................................ 37 4.1.3Joint Operations and crime prevention ..................................................................................... 38 4.1.4Challenges hampering the implementation of the joint operations .......................................... 50 4.3 Summary of the Chapter ................................................................................................ 57 Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................... 58 5.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 58 5.1 Summary of Findings ...................................................................................................
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