April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8639 SENATE—Wednesday, April 11, 2007

The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE be the bill we pass and send to the called to order by the Honorable BEN- REPUBLICAN LEADER President for his signature and to point JAMIN L. CARDIN, a Senator from the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- out that S. 5 is truly the compromise State of Maryland. pore. The Republican leader is recog- bill. nized. I want everyone to know that. There PRAYER was some talk that S. 30 should be the f The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- compromise. Let me point out for clar- fered the following prayer: SCHEDULE ity that last year we passed the stem Let us pray. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I cell research bill. There was another God of all life, we seek You in a am told the majority leader will be out bill offered on the floor at the same world filled with challenges and prob- shortly. Let me just mention that the time called the Specter-Santorum bill. lems. Prepare the Members of this body vote is likely to be moved from 5:45 to That bill was supported by the Bush for the rigors of solving life’s riddles 5:55, for the information of all Sen- administration. Both bills passed, but today. Give them the wisdom to seek ators. We have a structured order for the Specter-Santorum bill never made common opportunities, to accomplish debate for the balance of the morning it through the House, and therefore the Your divine will in our world. Make and afternoon that has already been President was given the stem cell re- them instruments of Your love in the agreed to. search bill. He vetoed it. He exercised midst of hatred and strife. Teach them I yield the floor. the only veto of his administration to veto the stem cell bill. to spend and be spent for the good of f others. In order to reach out a hand of com- Lord, we intercede for them. Give STEM CELL RESEARCH promise to the White House, we then them the spiritual tools for strength of ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 incorporated in our bill, S. 5, today, thought, lightness of heart, sincerity of the Specter-Santorum bill of last year, which is part of S. 5. So it seems to me conviction, and clarity of purpose. HOPE OFFERED THROUGH PRIN- Renew their commitment to You as we have gone halfway at least in reach- CIPLED AND ETHICAL STEM ing out to the White House to provide their inspiration, their strength, their CELL RESEARCH ACT courage, their guide, and their Lord. a compromise situation. Now the White We pray in Your omniscient Name. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- House says they want to compromise Amen. pore. Under the previous order, the further. They want something else. Senate shall resume consideration of You can keep this up until there is f the following measures en bloc, which nothing left of the stem cell bill. the clerk will report. I wish to make it very clear that we PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE The legislative clerk read as follows: have compromised. We have come half- The Honorable BENJAMIN L. CARDIN A bill (S. 5) to amend the Public Health way. We incorporated the bill the led the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: Service Act to provide for human embryonic President supported last year, so S. 5 I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the stem cell research. really is the compromise measure we United States of America, and to the Repub- A bill (S. 30) to intensify research to derive are sending to the President. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, human pluripotent stem cell lines. Mr. President, I yield 10 minutes or indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- whatever time he requires to the Sen- f pore. Under the previous order, there is ator from Massachusetts. now 90 minutes of debate under the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- APPOINTMENT OF ACTING control of the Senator from Iowa, Mr. pore. The Senator from Massachusetts PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE HARKIN, or his designee; 45 minutes is recognized. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The under the control of the Senator from Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I clerk will read a communication to the Minnesota, Mr. COLEMAN, and the Sen- again thank my friend and colleague Senate from the President pro tempore ator from Georgia, Mr. ISAKSON, and 45 from Iowa, Senator HARKIN, for his (Mr. BYRD). minutes under the control of the Sen- steadfast leadership in this extraor- The legislative clerk read the fol- ator from Kansas, Mr. BROWNBACK. dinarily important issue. We are full of lowing letter: Who yields time? The Senator from hope this afternoon about the votes Iowa. U.S. SENATE, here in the Senate. I welcome just a PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, before I few moments to express my own views Washington, DC, April 11, 2007. yield the floor to my colleague from about where I think we are and what I To the Senate: Massachusetts, I just want to again think the issues really are before the Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, bring people up to speed as to where we Senate. of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby are in this debate. We will debate the For years, many of us have fought appoint the Honorable BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, two bills again today, S. 5 and S. 30, all the same battle, the battle to give a Senator from the State of Maryland, to day. We will have two votes later today those suffering or injured every ethical perform the duties of the Chair. at a time to be determined by the lead- ROBERT C. BYRD, option for new cures. For those speak- President pro tempore. ers but I think right prior to 6 p.m, the ing on the Senate floor, perhaps little first vote occurring on S. 5, an up-or- Mr. CARDIN thereupon assumed the changes from one year’s debate to the down vote without amendments, and chair as Acting President pro tempore. next. We still speak of hope. We still after that would be an up-or-down vote speak of dreams denied when those f on S. 30, without amendments. hopes are dashed. We still speak of our I intend to take some time this belief that medical research should be RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME morning, after the Senator from Mas- valued. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- sachusetts speaks, again to outline the But for those who listen to our de- pore. Under the previous order, the differences in the two bills, why S. 5 is bate, a year can make all the dif- leadership time is reserved. a preferable bill and why that should ference in the world. For a young man

● This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 or woman bravely serving their coun- have similar situations from their own very important. This ranks way up try, a year can make the difference be- States—and Sgt Jason Wittling, Ma- there in importance. tween vigorous active service and life rine Corps, injured in Karbala, again This is about life or death. It is about in a wheelchair or a brain injury from with spinal cord injuries. And that is science, and it is about inquiry. It is a war wound. For someone fighting the one of the areas where there is such about the search for unlocking the long and lonely battle against Alz- great hope. mysteries of what causes some of the heimer’s disease, a year can make the Finally, one of the most moving let- dreaded diseases here on Earth and how memory of a beloved spouse or child a ters I have received in the time I have we find cures for these dreaded dis- little fainter, a little more distant. For been in the Senate was on this issue, eases. a patient battling against the tremors from Lauren Stanford, from Plymouth, I chair a subcommittee that funds of Parkinson’s disease, a year can MA—15 years old. She wrote just after the science programs in our country, mean more and more life activities watching the President of the United especially the science programs that fade out of reach. States speak on this issue when he set have to do with, for example, energy If overturning the administration’s up the regime on which we have all and other related matters. I think unwarranted restrictions on stem cell commented, which limits the great science is fascinating. In my sub- research brings just one breakthrough, possibilities we have talked about dur- committee, we had testimony a while just one of the many that our best sci- ing the course of this debate. This is ago about studying termites. We are entists believe are possible, that break- what she said: studying the digestive system of ter- through can mean all the difference in That night— mites because we are trying to under- stand why it is when a termite eats the world for the patients who benefit. Referring to the night the President They cannot wait another year, or an- wood, the termite’s digestive system talked— produces hydrogen. How is it that a other day, for the help stem cell re- President Bush talked about protecting the search can bring, and we should not termite eats wood and produces hydro- innocent. I wondered then: what about me? I gen? Again, what an interesting sci- wait in aiding them. We must take ac- am truly innocent in this situation. I did entific inquiry. tion here and now to end these unnec- nothing to bring my diabetes on; there is Well, we are engaged in scientific re- essary and harmful restrictions on life- nothing I can do to make it any better. All search in a whole range of issues. Espe- saving research. I can do is hope for a research breakthrough cially important are the areas of sci- Continuing the administration’s re- and keep living the difficult, demanding life entific inquiry in this area of health. strictions means the gap between what of a child with diabetes until that break- through comes. How, I asked my parents, is What is it that causes these terrible scientists could do and what they are it more important to throw discarded em- diseases? What kinds of approaches allowed to do grows even wider. bryos into the trash than it is to let them be might give us a chance to cure some of Continuing the restrictions means used to hopefully save my life—and to give these dreaded diseases? our Nation’s best scientists will go on me back a life where I don’t have to accept Well, one of those issues is the issue having to waste precious time on a constant, almost insane level of hourly of stem cell research. The language al- pointless redtape and bureaucratic ob- medical intervention as ‘‘normal’’? How could my nation do this to me? most sounds like a foreign language in stacles, time that should be spent on some of these discussions: somatic cell the search for new cures. That is the issue which Lauren Stan- nuclear transfer, in vitro fertilization Continuing the restrictions means ford has put before the Senate. Hope- clinic, stem cell research. Those are having to tell the patients who are fully she will get an overwhelming, bi- not terms people use every day in their counting on the promise of stem cell partisan answer this afternoon when discussions, and yet the method of research: Wait just a little longer, the roll is called. using those terms in this discussion is dream just a little less, hope just a lit- I yield the remainder of my time.. about life or death. It is about con- tle more faintly. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I yield tinuing scientific inquiry to try to The Senate must act, just as the 20 minutes to the Senator from North unlock the mysteries of some of the House has already, to unlock the po- Dakota. How much time do we have re- most terrible diseases suffered by man- tential of stem cell research. maining on our side? kind. When the Congress has approved this The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- We passed a piece of legislation last needed legislation, we must turn our pore. Eighty minutes. July that moved in this direction, and attention to 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue The Senator from North Dakota is the President decided to veto it. Legis- and urge the President of the United recognized. lation that we hoped would perhaps States not to veto the legislation that Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, let me give us an opportunity for treatment gives so much hope to so many. thank my colleague from Iowa for his for things such as diabetes, cardio- Mr. President, just an extraordinary leadership. I know he and many others vascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, statement and comment from the Na- in this Chamber have spent a great ALS, Alzheimer’s, birth defects, and tion’s leading scientist, Dr. Zerhouni, deal of time putting together a piece of spinal cord injuries. who is the head of the National Insti- legislation that is very important. I We do not know, we cannot come to tutes of Health: commend all of them. the floor of the Senate, we are not sci- From my standpoint as NIH director, it is There are times on the floor of the entists to describe: Here is exactly in the best interest of our scientists, our Senate where we are engaged in certain what will happen as a result of this sci- science, and our country that we find ways kinds of debates that cause folks to ex- entific inquiry. But we do know there and the nation finds a way to allow the hibit some temper and some concern are at least indications of great hope science to go full speed across adult and em- and anxiety and impatience. This is through this scientific inquiry. So the bryonic stem cells equally. one of those issues, however, that peo- Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, This is the statement of the head of ple feel very differently about. We will S. 5, which we now have on the floor of the National Institutes of Health, an have people come to the floor on this the Senate, would allow researchers to extraordinary scientist and researcher issue of stem cell research who feel pursue all kinds of promising stem cell himself. It couldn’t be said more clear- very strongly on both sides. research, including embryonic stem ly and more compellingly. I respect all of those views. I respect cell research that is federally funded. Finally, to remind ourselves what everyone who comes to this floor with This legislation is controversial. The this really is all about—because it is a position on this issue. But let me say, legislation deals, however, only with basically about individuals—here are the position, as I see it, is a position embryos that were created for fertility two extraordinary soldiers who served that deals with life and death. This is purposes in in vitro fertilization clinics in Iraq. James Crossby, Winthrop, MA, very important. We deal with some that would otherwise be thrown away. is now in a wheelchair because of a issues on the floor of the Senate that Now, in vitro is a relatively new damaged spinal column—others could are not so important, some that are term. It has been around for about 25

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8641 years. There are more than 1 million away, have someone arrest them be- Was there anything, was there any- children walking this planet of ours cause you are throwing away a human thing more we could have done? who were born as a result of in vitro being. It is, of course, not a human Is there anything that could have fertilization. We had testimony before being. It has the potential to become a been done to prevent this disease? The one of my committees, the Commerce human being if it is implanted in a answer, if we prevent this kind of re- Committee, in which a witness said: woman’s uterus and grown to term. search, the answer for everyone will be, None of them should have been born. But it will not be implanted in a uter- yes, there is something we could have None of these human beings are wor- us. In fact, it will be discarded in a done. We could have continued the sci- thy. They should not have been born. wastebasket. entific inquiry and research, with care- He disagrees with in vitro fertilization. The question my colleagues asks fully constructed guidelines, to see if It is his right to do that. I do not sup- with S. 5 is: With consent, should that we could unlock the mysteries of these port that. embryo, rather than simply be dis- diseases. I think the wonder of life of having 1 carded, not be able to be used for this Let me show a picture of a young girl million people, 1 million people who critically important research? named Camille. In fact, I just saw once were babies born to people, to There are not enough stem cell lines Camille last month. This young girl couples who were not able to have chil- available. We know that. My col- has been very near death. She suffers dren, is a wonderful gift. What a won- leagues have made that case. The from juvenile diabetes, the particularly derful gift. President authorized some stem cell acute condition of juvenile diabetes. In vitro has been around for a quarter lines, but the authorized lines were That is Camille in the middle. I saw of a century. Because of the nature of never enough, and, in fact, they were her mother last week in North Dakota. the treatment, the infertility treat- contaminated, and it is just a plain Camille was in Washington, DC, about ment in this process, more embryos are fact that we are, at this point, inter- a month ago with her mother. I have created than will ever be used. Rather rupting the scientific inquiry. We are known Camille for a long time, this than throwing these embryos in the interrupting the opportunity to search young girl holding the clarinet in her waste, as hospital waste, or just waste for a cure for these diseases. middle school band. She has had a from an in vitro clinic, it is much more The embryos we are discussing on the tough life and has lived on the edge, life affirming, I think, to use them to floor of the Senate are going to be de- suffering a very significant disease, one better understand how we might treat stroyed. That is certain. These em- that has cost too many, too many devastating diseases such as diabetes, bryos are going to be destroyed. Could Americans, and especially too many heart disease, Alzheimer’s, and more. they, should they be used to search for young Americans, their lives. I think Senator Jack Danforth, the cure for these dread diseases? I be- But there are so many opportunities former Senator Jack Danforth, said it lieve the answer is yes. for research and for potential treat- best. He is a colleague who served here In my last campaign for the Senate, ment. Let me give you a couple of ex- with us in the Senate. He said this: It a curious commercial was run against amples. I was on an airplane one day is not evident to many of us that cells me by my opponent. He ran a commer- with one of the researchers at NIH. The in a petri dish are equivalent to identi- cial which is a description of some who researchers at NIH do unbelievable fiable people suffering from terrible feel very strongly in opposition to this work. He told me of the use of stem diseases. I am and have always been kind of legislation. Because I support cells among a group of mice that had pro-life. But the only explanation for stem cell research very strongly, my induced heart attacks, severe, debili- legislators comparing cells in a petri opponent ran a commercial of a man tating heart attacks. They used stem dish to babies in the womb is the ex- sitting around the fire, a kind of a cells to inject back into the heart mus- tension of religious doctrine into statu- campfire with about six or eight young cle of those mice, and in a matter of a tory law. children around him. couple of weeks, a substantial percent- That is from former Senator Jack The commercial, I suppose, was age of those mice showed no evidence Danforth. What a profound statement. meant to be humorous but about a seri- of having had a heart attack. A sub- Do you equate the cells in a petri dish ous subject. A young child, with eyes stantial portion had complete recov- with someone suffering the ravages of very big reflected in the glow of the ery. Parkinson’s disease or ALS? I do not fire, around that fireplace, said to the think so. But that suggests somehow camp leader: Tell us a story. Tell us a Let me give you a couple of other ex- that those who oppose this legislation scary story. amples. Researchers at Johns Hopkins make that equation. The man said: Well, there is a man report paralyzed rats have partially re- This legislation is not suggesting named Byron—referring to me, I gained the use of previously immobile that anyone create an embryo for the guess—a man named Byron. He has a hind legs in studies in which scientists purpose of research. It is saying those plan. His plan is to implant into a injected the rodents with stem cells embryos that are about to be dis- mommy’s uterus an egg that is fer- from mice embryos. carded, thrown away, thousands of tilized, to become a fetus, so that they As to potential to treat ALS, Univer- them, because many more are produced can harvest it during that pregnancy sity of Wisconsin-Madison scientists than are to be used in in vitro clinics, to use it for body parts later. have turned stem cells into nerve cells rather than simply throwing them Little children around that campfire carrying messages between the body to away, how about—with the consent of had eyes the size of dinner plates, from the brain, offering possibilities for re- those from whom the embryos came— that scary story. Of course, that was a pairing damage caused by ALS. how about using them for a life-affirm- complete perversion of anything that Embryonic stem cell researchers at ing purpose, for the needed research remotely related to the truth, had no UCLA, AIDS Institute, were able to into unlocking the mysteries of these relationship to any of these issues. coax human embryonic stem cells into devastating diseases? No one is talking about implanting becoming mature immune T cells. I am There are about 400,000 embryos fro- something in a uterus for the purpose not a scientist. All I can tell you is zen in these clinics. It is estimated of growing a fetus, for the purpose of this: When we look, when we search, 8,000 to 11,000 are scheduled to be dis- harvesting body parts. That kind of un- when we inquire, when we use Amer- carded. It is interesting to me that no believable lie permeates all too often ica’s best minds and research using one has come to the floor of the Sen- this discussion. That is not what this good ethical guidelines, important ate—that I am aware of—saying: Shut discussion is about. guidelines, valuable guidelines, for sci- down these in vitro clinics. Shut them Those of us in this Chamber—and entific inquiry, we then find ways to down. And, by the way, if someone there are many of us who have sat in unlock these mysteries. It is pretty un- tries to throw away an embryo, as they the front row of a funeral—in my case believable what we have done in a rel- do every day, if they try to throw one of a daughter—and asked ourselves: atively short period of time.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 We have a polio vaccine. We have quiry necessary for the extension of search. The issue is a matter of Federal cured smallpox. If you go to the hos- life and the curing of these dread dis- funding. What do we put Federal dol- pital these days and take a look at the eases? Can we do that? The answer lars into? Should there be any moral wondrous machines and the wonderful clearly ought to be yes, a loud, re- questions that are raised before we treatments and all of the things that sounding yes coming from this Cham- make that decision to put Federal dol- we are doing, all of that is a matter of ber. lars into something? That is a legiti- experimentation and developing experi- My colleague Senator HARKIN has mate issue to discuss in the Senate. It ence from that experimentation. been at this a long time. I have spoken is a reflection of the reality that in The fact is, embryonic stem cell re- on this a good number of times on the this country there is substantial dis- search has very broad and very strong floor of the Senate myself. But it is not agreement about what is appropriate bipartisan support. That bipartisan only Senator HARKIN; he is joined in a use of Federal dollars. This is not support is evident in the Senate. We piece of legislation on a bipartisan about shutting off research. It is not have had Senators on both sides of the basis by some very significant voices in about stopping research. It is not about political aisle stand up in strong sup- the Senate, saying: Let’s do this. Let’s a lack of research going on. We still port of this legislation. do this for this country. All of those lead the world in embryonic stem cell Now, let me use a chart that my col- who are suffering from these dread dis- research. With forty percent of all the league, Senator KENNEDY, just used be- eases deserve our help. They certainly publications that are offered in this cause I believe it is so important. don’t deserve a Government that says: country, 85 percent of the dollars from Dr. Zerhouni, the Director of the Na- By the way, we understand your suf- what we have provided, both embryonic tional Institutes of Health, says—this fering, but we would prefer to choose to and adult stem cell research, we are is President Bush’s own NIH Director: destroy and discard embryos from an in leading the world. That includes both From my standpoint, it is clear today vitro fertilization clinic rather than Federal dollars and substantial private that American science will be better extend the scientific research that dollars. served, and the Nation will be better might find a cure for what is killing When this issue arose early on, Presi- served, if we let our scientists have ac- you. That is not an acceptable answer dent Clinton had his own bioethics cess to more stem cell lines. from this Senate. commission. They concluded the deri- vation of stem cells from embryos re- That is from the President’s own ap- I thank Senator HARKIN for the time. pointee to head the National Institutes I thank the many colleagues who have maining following infertility treat- of Health. spoken in favor of this legislation and ments is justifiable only if no less mor- ally problematic alternatives are avail- I know in political life, there are a offer the fervent hope—and I believe it able for advancing the research. lot of labels, pro-life, pro-choice, pro- exists—that we can pass this legisla- The reality is, we have reached a this, pro-that, anti-that. Let me ob- tion with a very substantial margin serve, it is not, as some have sug- point where there are available alter- within the next 24 hours. natives, and we have an opportunity to gested, a pro-life position to diminish I yield the floor. pursue them. There is a political re- or shut off critically needed research The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ality as well; that is, that S. 5 will that will give people who have Parkin- pore. The Senator from Iowa. pass. The President has said he is going son’s disease, diabetes, Lou Gehrig’s Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I thank to veto it because of his concern on disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, my colleague from North Dakota for a Federal funding for the destruction of any number of the things that kill so very eloquent statement about what human embryos. As a result, from Jan- many Americans, it is not pro-life to this is all about. I thank him for that. diminish, restrict, or shut down re- uary 1 of this year, there is going to be I thank him for his strong support of S. no more research going into embryonic search that gives people an oppor- 5, our legislation to basically do what stem cell research tomorrow than tunity for hope that there might be a he encapsulated by saying this is about there is today, unless we pass S. 30. cure for these diseases through this sci- saving lives. That is what it is all S. 5 is going to be vetoed. If you care entific inquiry and research. I recog- about. about making more than a political nize this is controversial. I respect I ask unanimous consent that the statement but actually talking to the someone who comes to the floor and previous order be modified to provide parents of kids with juvenile diabetes says: Senator DORGAN, you are wrong that the vote on passage of S. 5 occur or adults with Parkinson’s, whatever, about this. I respect that. This is not at 5:55 p.m., that the Republican leader the reality is, if you care about more an easy issue. It is difficult for a lot of be recognized at 5:25 p.m., with the than $132 million going into human em- Members. I have not found it particu- other provisions remaining in order; bryonic stem cell research, you have to larly difficult for me, because I believe provided further, that the additional 10 support S. 30. That is the political re- those of us who have seen the ravages— minutes be equally divided between ality. and that should be most everybody in Senators HARKIN and COLEMAN, ISAK- What S. 30 offers, in addition, is the this Chamber—of these diseases to our SON, and Senator BROWNBACK, or their opportunity to have a greater sense of loved ones, to friends, to so many designees. national unity on this issue, to get be- Americans, this country would want us The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- yond the culture wars, to get beyond to do everything possible to give the pore. Without objection, it is so or- the political division. That is what the tools to the best scientific minds and dered. research should be about. the best people in the medical field The Senator from Georgia. Senator ISAKSON has talked about possible to unlock the mysteries of Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield dead embryo research. I hope the de- these diseases and find the cures. That 10 minutes to the distinguished Sen- scription was clear enough. There was is what this debate has been long ator from Minnesota, Mr. COLEMAN, some confusion from some of my col- about. who has worked countless hours on this leagues on the other side of this issue. This debate, however, is even nar- very important subject. Let me explain a little biology 101. The rower than many we have had on this The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- issue here is, can we produce subject. This is about a single issue— pore. The Senator from Minnesota. pluripotent cells—embryonic cells are can we use embryos that are otherwise Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, as I pluripotent—the capacity for the cell going to be discarded from in vitro fer- listened to my distinguished colleague to give rise to many other different tilization clinics, that are otherwise from North Dakota, there is so much types of cells. There are adult stem simply going to become waste and de- we agree on. What we agree on is we cells out of bone marrow, out of blood stroyed, today, tomorrow, next week, want to move science forward. We want type. Now we are looking at placental next month, all year long, can we use, to provide hope to those who are suf- and embryonic. But there appears to with the permission of the donors, fering from diseases and conditions be, and science will tell you, the ability those embryos for the scientific in- with the possibility of stem cell re- of embryonic pluripotent cells.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8643 The difference here is between The bottom line in all of this is, are not going to allow any alternatives pluripotent and totipotent, the ability there is a debate in this country, but it to be pursued. That would be a shame. to form an embryo, the beginning of is not over moving the science forward. As I used to tell our kids, it is akin to life. Senator ISAKSON has talked about The debate is not over whether there cutting off your nose to spite your dead embryo research where the em- should be hope. There is hope. It is im- face. That would be a shame. bryos have the ability to form portant to understand some of the re- I hope my colleagues on both sides of pluripotent cells, those cells that have alities, the reality of what we are talk- the aisle—wherever they stand on this the capacity to differentiate into other ing about today. Yesterday one of my issue they can be comfortable sup- types of cells. That is an opportunity colleagues, the Senator from Iowa, was porting S. 30; they can be comfortable without crossing a moral line. All of talking about some of the work being supporting a bill that provides for the America can come together and say: done with dead embryos, perhaps some moral line but at the same time opens This is a good thing, putting money of the work being done with alternate up the opportunity for additional re- into stem cell research and not divid- nuclear transfer, and saying this could search. I urge its support. ing the Nation. take a decade. The reality is the work I yield the floor. There is the process called alternate being done today in embryonic stem Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield nuclear transfer. This is a process that cell research at best may take decades. if you look at natural fertilization, you myself 3 minutes. I wish to commend So the question then ultimately is, can Senator COLEMAN and Senator DORGAN get the sperm and the fertilized egg. we as a nation decide on a process that You get an embryo. Under SCNT—that for the two speeches that have pre- does respect a moral line, that does is the way Dolly the sheep was pro- ceded my remarks because both of say: We are not going to provide Fed- duced, a type of cloning—you get the them eloquently expressed what is, in eral funding for the destruction of a egg cell. You take some adult genetic fact, the case; that is, that everybody human embryo, but because we have material with all the DNA, and you put in this Chamber, including the distin- that in an enucleated egg where the the possibility, we should explore the guished Senator from Iowa and myself, center is cut out. You get that fer- possibility of doing research that pro- wants more hope for Americans who tilized egg and, boom, you get an em- vides for pluripotency without suffer. Both bills offer a path to do bryo. Science is telling us today that totipotency, without the creation of an that. We may have our differences on you can, with all the natural nuclear embryo. those paths but no difference in the transfer, with a range of things, what We are going to have more difficult hope that it offers. I commend Senator you can do is, you can take that egg, questions as we move forward. As we COLEMAN for his very articulate expla- you can enucleate it, cut out the cen- look at the issue of stem cell research, nation of that. ter, put in adult material. But before one of the realities we are looking at I join with the Senator from Iowa, I you transfer it, you turn off a little is, if they haven’t developed enough, think, in encouraging our colleagues code. In the end, you don’t get an em- what about the idea of developing who may be listening, we have some bryo but you get this intercell mass limbs and other things. Should we let time this morning that can be filled. If then that has the capacity of the embryo grow longer? Where do you we have Members who want to come to pluripotency, not an embryo but the draw that line? There is a whole range the floor and speak, they should con- ability to differentiate cell types and of other issues we are going to have to tact the cloakroom and let us know, all of the elasticity and the hope and be debating as we kind of move along from both parties and from both sides possibility you get from embryonic this process with the great advances of of every issue, because we want to fill stem cell research without crossing a scientists. For those of us who support every minute. S. 30, what we are saying is we have a moral line. With that, I reserve the remainder of path, we have an opportunity to do it Is that what we should be doing? This my time. is not shutting off science. Some have with a sense of unity, with a sense of where we provide a moral line, a line, Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I concur said this is a diversion. Certainly it is with my friend from Georgia in that if not a diversion in the practical sense, by the way, that has been part of our statutes for a long time. We don’t pro- people want to speak, they should because right now there will be, if S. 5 come over now. We have a list of speak- passes, no additional funding for em- vide Federal funding for the destruc- ers, and I think Senator ISAKSON does, bryonic stem cell research. But if S. 30 tion of human embryos. That is what this is about. It is not about size. The too, for later on in the day. I can only passes, we can open the world to these say to Senators, as the clock ticks, possibilities and additional Federal reality about size is that you could fit your time is going to get squeezed dollars. The reality is, with S. 5 there some of these on the head of a pin. But more and more. So that if you are are questions that are unanswered. I it is about that basic moral line which scheduled to speak for, say, 10 minutes was just talking about those lines that has been part of our law for a long this afternoon, you may get squeezed are in vitro fertilization that some say time. to 3 minutes or 2 minutes or 1 minute. could be thrown away. What is to stop So this approach we have in S. 5 is an So if you would like to have your say people from simply producing more, approach that is pro-science and pro- about this embryonic stem cell bill, I knowing the research money is going research and pro-hope. It is the only would say now would be the time to to be there? The reality is, those cells practical one that in the end, if it come over. I say to all the Senators that are in those IVF clinics have lim- passes, will result in more funding for ited genetic lines. If you are of a cer- embryonic stem cell research tomor- who may be in their offices right now, tain minority or other groups, you are row than we have today. call the cloakrooms, and we will make not as represented in those as you are My fear is what happened last year the time available right now. in the population. But if we look at will happen this year. This body passed Mr. President, what is the situation, things such as alternate nuclear trans- both a version of S. 5 as well as a might I ask, right now with the time fer, you can have an unending supply of version that provided for some alter- existing? genetic material so you can deal with natives. It was the Specter-Santorum The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- specific gene types and deal with spe- bill. S. 30 provides for more than that pore. The Senator from Iowa has 58 cific illnesses. bill. It will provide for, in fact, new minutes, the Senator from Georgia has S. 30 also includes a provision to set dollars going to research that isn’t 33 minutes, and the Senator from Kan- up a stem cell bank for amniotic and funded today. sas has 45 minutes. placental stem cells, the idea that we What the House chose to say is it is Mr. ISAKSON. It is my under- could have 100,000 tissue samples and, all or nothing. If you don’t pass the S. standing, if the Senator from Iowa will by virtue of that, cover all the genetic 5 version, the Castle bill, then we are yield, that the Senator from Kansas is types there are, which you do not get not going to even put in any funding. in the cloakroom and about to take a with what we have now under S. 5. We are not going to do anything. We significant portion of that. That is my

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 understanding. That would be a signifi- has produced no human treatments to The problem with cloning human cant portion of his time, not yours and date but has produced a lot of tumors beings is that it violates human dig- mine. in live animals, if we would put that in nity on all sorts of levels. Cloning The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- the adult field where we are getting re- transgresses our heritage’s most sacred pore. The Senator from Kansas is rec- sults—we have invested in the adult values about what is good and true and ognized. field, but what if that $613 million were beautiful. Western civilization indeed Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I in the adult field today? Would these is built on the tenet that every human thank my colleagues for the debate, breakthroughs be happening here in- life has a measurable value. Human and a good one, we are having on a stead of Brazil, or by U.S. researchers beings are ends in themselves. It is very important topic. The differences in Brazil? Why aren’t they being done wrong to use any person as a means to in this debate remind me, though, of a in the United States? I hope my col- an end. Upon this principle our laws proverb that says there is a way that leagues will look at that issue. are founded, and without it, laws have seems right to a man, but its end is the There is another point I wish to raise little basis. Human cloning—for what- way of death. Unfortunately, if we re- with my colleagues at this point in ever purpose—is wrong because it turns search on young human life, it puts time. Let’s presume they are successful humans into commodities or spare that young human life to death and at in embryonic stem cell research. Let’s parts. the same time does not produce the re- presume, in a decade or 20 years, they In recent debate, human cloning has sults for cures that we had hoped would are successful with embryonic stem been referred to as ‘‘therapeutic be taking place. cell research. That is going to lead to cloning,’’ ‘‘research cloning’’ or simply I respect my colleagues who are on the necessity of us moving forward SCNT. These are presented as contrasts another side of this issue who feel as with human cloning because in the de- to ‘‘reproductive cloning.’’ It should be though we should research on young velopment of this technology, embry- noted that ‘‘therapeutic,’’ ‘‘research,’’ human life. I do not feel that is right onic stem cell technology, if you are and ‘‘reproductive’’ are merely adjec- or ethical. I will discuss that aspect using an embryo and the genetic mate- tives to describe what is done with the here today with some of the time I rial doesn’t match up, there is going to cloned human. SCNT, or somatic cell have, and I also wish to discuss the ex- be rejection by my body or by some nuclear transfer, is the scientific de- citing breaking developments that are body. That is going to happen. That is scription of the cloning process. taking place even today on the adult going to take place. So we are going to A CRS report for Congress notes: stem cell area that continues to have to move into human cloning. We A human embryo produced via cloning in- produce treatments for humans. are going to have to harvest women’s volves the process called somatic cell nu- I ask unanimous consent to enter eggs, develop human clones to develop clear transfer (SCNT). In SCNT, the nucleus into the RECORD after my statement an the correct type of embryonic stem of an egg is removed and replaced by the nu- article from the Chicago Tribune on- cells to use in an individual so that cleus from a mature body cell, such as a skin cell. In cloning, the embryo is created with- line edition. there will be a genetic match. I think we ought to talk about that, if we con- out sexual reproduction: There is no joining The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- of egg and sperm. pore. Without objection, it is so or- tinue in the progression we are on. I acknowledge that human cloning is Stem cell pioneer James Thomson dered. has said: (See exhibit 1.) not specifically addressed in S. 5, the Mr. BROWNBACK. It is dated today. embryonic stem cell bill. However, if If you create an embryo by SCNT cloning embryonic stem cells can ever over- and you give it to somebody who didn’t know It is about the latest diabetes treat- where it came from, there would be no test ments that have been taking place. A come their tumor-forming tendency— and that is a huge if—and they are used you would do on that embryo to say where it report came out from Northwestern came from. It is what it is. If you try to de- University in the Chicago area about a in humans, human cloning will be used fine it away, you are being disingenuous. in order to avoid immune rejection new diabetes treatment developed at With ‘‘reproductive’’ and ‘‘thera- problems. Therefore, as is hopefully Northwestern University which has al- peutic’’ cloning, human beings are evident, the issue of human cloning lowed some patients to stop taking in- turned into commodities or spare parts sulin for more than 2 years. They have needs to be raised. To this end, I recently introduced the to be dissected in the laboratory, with raised questions about this process. It bipartisan Brownback-Landrieu Human the claim that someday they may be was done in Brazil rather than in the Cloning Prohibition Act, which we in- administered to other humans to pro- United States. Thirteen of the fifteen troduced before the break with 26 other vide a treatment. Treatments are cer- patients in this adult stem cell study Senators who are cosponsoring this tainly praiseworthy but not at the ex- went off insulin for at least 6 months, legislation. pense of the destruction of other mem- as they note, prompting cautious ex- This legislation would reaffirm that bers of the human family. We all want citement from some researchers who the United States places tremendous to treat people as people, and people have seen the results. Dr. Gordon C. value on the dignity of each and every should be treated as people. I want to Weir, a diabetes researcher and head of human person: from the young human find a cure for cancer. However, it is a transplantation program at Har- embryo to vulnerable women who wrong to turn humans into a means to vard’s Medical School, Joslin Diabetes would be coerced into donating their an end. Center, said this: eggs, at potentially great risk to their It is also wrong to exploit women for Their results look better than anything I health. The legislation would make their eggs. Here I want to develop this have seen so far. clear that the cloning of human per- thought about what will take place if What an exciting development in the sons is not something we as a society human embryonic stem cell research is adult stem cell research area and field. will accept. developed, is successful. We have to de- Questions have been raised about this The Brownback-Landrieu Human velop clones that meet the genetic type trial and some of it taking place in Cloning Prohibition Act has been en- of the individual seeking the treat- Brazil. I have raised questions such as dorsed by the President of the United ment. You are going to have to get why is it we are seeing these break- States. It will bring the United States eggs from somewhere and you are throughs taking place and we are hav- into conformity with the United Na- going to have to get these from peo- ing patients from the United States go tions, whose General Assembly called ple—from women. Also, it is wrong to to Bangkok, go to Portugal, and these on all member states ‘‘to prohibit all exploit women for their eggs, and that treatments are being developed in forms of human cloning.’’ It did not is the other side of the human cloning Brazil rather than in the United say we can do therapeutic but not re- story. SCNT cloning, as proposed by States. I believe if we would put our productive. It said ‘‘all forms of human proponents of the technique, would re- funding here that we are using in the cloning’’ by a strong 84-to-34 margin quire millions of human eggs. In all embryonic field, the $613 million that vote in the U.N. likelihood, poor and disadvantaged

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8645 women would be particularly vulner- 100 you are going to have to harvest Several experts said the risks could have able to exploitation via financial in- from young women to get this process made it difficult to get the study past Amer- centives for donation. This is troubling to move forward with human cloning. ican institutional review boards—groups re- because retrieving such eggs violates Mr. President, I will reserve the re- sponsible for ensuring that research is safe and ethical. the dignity of a woman and may cause mainder of my time at this point. I ‘‘This is an incredibly invasive therapy to serious harm to her health. yield the floor. be tried on children without knowing if any- The Brownback-Landrieu Human EXHIBIT 1 one will benefit from it,’’ said Dr. Lainie Cloning Prohibition Act is the only ef- [From the Chicago Tribune, Apr. 11, 2007] Ross, associate director of the University of fective ban on human cloning. Any HOPE, RISK IN DIABETES TRIAL Chicago’s MacLean Center for Clinical Med- ical Ethics. other ban is one that is allowing thera- (By Jeremy Manier) peutic cloning and even encouraging it Ross said she would not have authorized A new diabetes treatment developed at such a study unless it enrolled only adults. but certainly not banning human Northwestern University has allowed some She said research ethics guidelines state cloning. Others would regulate what patients to stop taking insulin for more than that risky experimental therapies should not could be done with the human clones, two years, but it also has spurred ethical ob- be used on children unless it’s impossible to normally requiring its destruction, but jections from researchers who say the trial test them on adult subjects—and in this they do nothing to prevent the process put Brazilian children at unnecessary risk. case, adult diabetes patients were available. of human cloning, which violates Thirteen of the 15 patients in a stem-cell In fact, Burt said his original protocol in- study went off insulin for at least six human dignity on many levels. We cluded a cutoff age of 18, but a Brazilian re- months, prompting cautious excitement view board changed it to allow younger pa- should take a stand against turning from some researchers who have seen the re- tients in the study. Ages of the subjects young human beings into commodities. sults, to be published Wednesday in the Jour- ranged from 14 to 31, with eight participants We should not destroy human life for nal of the American Medical Association. All younger than 18. research purposes. of the patients had the less common form of Burt said the study was done in Brazil not I will not be voting for cloning today, diabetes called early-onset, or Type 1 diabe- to avoid the need for an American review and I will continue to look for an op- tes, which normally requires close blood-glu- board, but because he couldn’t find an Amer- portunity to bring this legislation for- cose monitoring and long-term use of insulin ican diabetes expert interested in pursuing injections. his idea. He said Northwestern review board ward as an amendment to other bills. The new approach, designed by Dr. Richard Again, I point out to my colleagues officials told him his collaboration with the Burt of Northwestern, enlists a patient’s own Brazilian team was fine so long as he was not that is the route we are on with this— stem cells in an effort to halt the immune directly involved in patient care. The Juve- to promote human cloning so there will system’s destruction of insulin-producing nile Diabetes Research Foundation cau- be genetic matches in the human em- ‘‘beta’’ cells in the pancreas—the root cause tiously embraced the technique while point- bryonic stem cell procedures. I do not of Type 1 diabetes. ing out the need for further study. A state- believe that is the path we should fol- Burt drafted the protocol, and doctors at ment from the group said that in the trial, the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil carried low. ‘‘the immune system was apparently reset or it out. The patients, some as young as 14, got retrained, and after the procedure, the symp- I want to address some of the intense drug treatment that wiped out their thoughts several colleagues have toms of diabetes were reversed.’’ immune systems. They then received injec- But the statement also noted that because brought up about what it is we are tions of their own blood stem cells in hopes of the risks, ‘‘it is not clear whether this doing. Human embryos are being de- of renewing the immune system without the trial would be approved in the U.S.’’ stroyed for research purposes and for trait that makes it target beta cells. One weakness of the study was its lack of stem cells. Some have referred to this ‘‘Their results look better than anything a control group, said Dr. Mark Anderson of as ‘‘potential life,’’ which strikes me as I’ve seen so far,’’ said Dr. Gordon C. Weir, a the University of California at San Fran- a bit like the debate we had on the diabetes researcher and head of a transplan- cisco’s Diabetes Center. Without that, it’s tation program at Harvard Medical School’s issue of slavery, where we deemed a impossible to quantify how much improve- Joslin Diabetes Center. ment the therapy offered. One scientist in- person three-fifths of a person at one Though small in scale, the study is signifi- terested in taking the next step is Dr. Jay point in time. That is a complete legal cant as the first attempt to treat diabetes Skyler of the University of Miami, who fiction. You are either a person or you using a ‘‘cell-based’’ therapy, researchers wrote an accompanying editorial in JAMA. are not. You are either life or you are said. Such treatments may become more ‘‘I don’t think [this study] would have got- not life. It is not potential life. No- common as scientists look beyond insulin ten approval at our institution out of the where in the scientific literature is and try approaches using adult stem cells or box.’’ Skyler said. ‘‘But now that it’s worked embryonic stem cells, which could directly there a description of potential life. I would be championing it. I want to be one replace the tissue damaged in diabetes. Type of the sites that’s doing it.’’ The embryo is a species at that stage 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the of development in the life cycle. That The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- 21 million diabetes cases in the U.S.; the rest pore. Who yields time? is the scientific definition and informa- suffer from Type 2 diabetes, which is linked Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I sug- tion—the embryo is a species at that with obesity. gest the absence of a quorum. stage of development in the life cycle. ‘‘These are promising results that suggest The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- We all have a life cycle. The embryo is we should go further,’’ said Burt, a specialist in immunesuppression therapy. pore. The clerk will call the roll. the species at that stage. That is com- Yet some experts doubted the protocol The assistant legislative clerk pro- mon sense. The embryo stage is a de- could have been approved in this country. ceeded to call the roll. velopment stage, but it remains human Weir, like several other scientists reached Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I ask life, not potential human life. It is for this report, said the risks of Burt’s tech- unanimous consent that the order for alive and it is a life. nique are high enough that he probably the quorum call be rescinded. The embryo would continue along would not have approved the experiment if The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- he had been responsible for reviewing it. the life cycle continuum if we were not pore. Without objection, it is so or- interfering in its normal development The problem is this: Although early-onset diabetes can have dire long-term effects such dered. by keeping it in a freezer and destroy- as blindness and heart disease, many pa- Who yields time? ing it for experiments. I think it is im- tients succeed in managing their condition Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I yield portant that we not engage in wishful with insulin and lead normal lives for dec- 10 minutes to the Senator from Massa- thinking or trying to define this away. ades. That makes it harder to justify the chusetts. A human embryo is a human life. We risks of stem cell transplantation, which The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- should not say it is a potential life. Burt has used before on diseases with few pore. The Senator from Massachusetts That is not a definition for what other treatment options, such as lupus or is recognized. human life is. I noted in the debate ear- multiple sclerosis. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I thank The immune suppression used in stem-cell lier—I want to make this point at this transplants can cause infections and even the Chair and the distinguished man- time—that it appears as if at the cur- death. None of the patients in the Brazilian ager. I thank him also for his leader- rent research rate it would take 100 or study died, though one had severe pneu- ship on this issue, which has been long more human eggs per cloned embryo— monia that required supplementary oxygen. and steady.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 Last summer, I had the privilege of funding—fast enough to fill the pages the President made his decision about coming to the floor to speak on this of major medical journals with excit- stem cell research over 6 years ago, he issue, accompanied by a summer intern ing new discoveries. But this research searched his mind and his heart, as all from my office, a college student from has taken place on a large enough scale of us who care passionately about this Massachusetts named Beth Colby. Beth at our most important educational re- issue have done. If he vetoes stem cell was paralyzed from the chest down in a search institutions to be able to tell us research again, that will send a mes- car accident when she was 14 years old. it addresses our major fears. What in sage that this country no longer in- She came to Washington, like so many the summer of 2001 might have seemed tends to be the global leader in sci- women, and so many young folks, pe- a well-founded suspicion has com- entific knowledge and discovery. It riod, to learn about Government. She pletely proven to be unfounded. As would send a message to Americans also came here with a determination to Newt Gingrich told me yesterday, after suffering from Parkinson’s, spinal inju- try to fight for the scientific research reversing himself and acknowledging ries, and countless ailments that their that holds untold promise for her and the threat posed by global warming is well-being is not important to us. We for tens of millions of Americans. She both urgent and real, serious legisla- are telling these people we could do wanted to be, as she put it to me in tors change their stances over time. more to cure you, but we choose not to. asking to come to the floor during the That is permissible. That is the prod- We are telling them help is not on the debate on stem cell research, a face uct of thinking, the product of addi- way. Senators can see so they can see what tional information and additional The current policy is eroding our na- they are voting for. input. tional advantage on stem cell research. The truth is there are people like Look at the Senate. Republicans It is undermining the hopes and dreams that in every single community in our such as JOHN MCCAIN, former majority of millions of Americans. We are tying country. They are all hoping to benefit leader BILL FRIST, the Senator from our scientists’ hands behind their one day from lifesaving stem cell ther- Utah, ORRIN HATCH, who is on the floor backs and holding them back from the apy. Grandparents with Parkinson’s now, have looked carefully at the sci- possibilities of the future. disease have that hope. Soldiers com- entific facts and have searched their We need a Federal policy that builds ing back from Iraq who are crippled by own consciousness. They have all on the advances being made in our a roadside bomb have that hope. Chil- reached the same conclusion: Opposing States and our universities, in our pri- dren who, decades from now, will suffer stem cell research is the opposite of a vate foundations, and in our research from a disease we are not aware of yet, pro-life policy. centers, all of which have proceeded in or that we know well, hope stem cell Last summer, 63 Senators, Repub- a thoughtful and commonsense way to research might be able to cure them. licans and Democrats alike, and 235 the ethics concerned in this issue. The Since we first heard about stem cell House Members voted in favor of stem research now is already showing tre- research several years ago, the country cell research. That was a responsible mendous promise. In my State of Mas- has been on a journey together. We bill, a consensus bill. It was designed sachusetts, some of the best scientists have discussed it. A lot of folks have specifically to address the concerns of in the world are working at the White- sat around their kitchen tables and in lawmakers who are worried about the head Institute for Biomedical Research their living rooms and have talked bioethics—and appropriately worried, I at MIT and the Harvard Stem Cell In- about stem cell research. Everybody might add. It is difficult to get 63 Sen- stitute. We are still in the early stages has debated it. We have learned a lot ators to agree on anything more con- of this line of research, but there is more about the promise and the peril troversial than the sort of standard here the kind of discovery that we are of stem cell research. At first, our nat- fare of America, and it is especially dif- already making. ural reaction was to temper our excite- ficult on a polarizing, emotionally Let me explain. The Harvard Stem ment with a well-founded fear that this charged issue. But we came together as Cell Institute identified cells that they technology perhaps posed insurmount- a Senate. We hammered out our dif- call ‘‘master cardiac’’ stem cells, which able ethical hurdles. The President ferences and they came together in the is a single cell type that gives rise to himself deliberated. He appointed a House, and we arrived at a smart, the major cellular building blocks of task force. He studied and debated the thoughtful, sensitive piece of legisla- the mammalian heart. That discovery fine points with teams of bioethicists. tion that reflected a consensus and re- rewrote the story of cardiac develop- He reached what he felt was a reason- spected our collective conscience. ment and contributed a significant able compromise. In August of 2001, he When we did so, we were confronted by building block toward what could be- announced to the American people that a President who promised to proceed come revolutionary new treatments for Federal funds would be used only for with great care, whose commitment to heart disease. We are already seeing research on a few lines of stem cells deliberation has calcified into a stub- cures for diseases in our labs. that were already harvested. Back born refusal to confront reality or re- At the Whitehead Institute, a leading then, he said stem cells ‘‘offer both engage in a changing debate. stem cell researcher and his team used great promise and great peril. I have America has evolved on this issue, stem cell therapy to cure a mouse suf- decided we must proceed with great but the President has stood still. That fering from an immune deficiency dis- care.’’ is why over an overwhelming bipar- ease. As you can see, the research is That was the President speaking. tisan Senate majority, the President fi- still in the early stages, so we cannot Since then, America’s understanding of nally dusted off the veto pen and of- say what the immediate results are this issue has evolved. We have learned fered up the first and, to date, the only going to be for humans. But, rest as- that the lines available for research are veto of his entire Presidency. The sured, today’s breakthroughs in mice far less useful than we had initially President has signed good and bad leg- have often become tomorrow’s cures hoped. We learned the technology is as islation—torture bills, pork, giveaways for humans. promising as we dreamed it might be. to oil companies, and tax cuts for mil- Now we can all hope that alter- We have come to understand that em- lionaires. But when it came to a strong natives to embryonic stem cell re- bracing stem cell research does not emerging national consensus on an search hold similar promise. But you condemn us to the slippery slope of issue that brings hope to families cannot wish away what our scientists human cloning. across the country, the President chose are telling us. Research on embryonic Since the President’s decision, stem to shut down the debate and block Fed- stem cells is incredibly promising, piv- cell research funded by the private sec- eral funding for scientific research. otal to this new field, and not easily tor and by the States has gone ahead Make no mistake, this is a personal sidestepped. Nobel Prize winners past across the country. But it has gone issue—deeply personal for each of us in and present, and most likely future, be- ahead slower than many of us might this Chamber, and for the President. I lieve this is the future biology of med- like in the absence of crucial Federal understand that. I am confident when ical science.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8647 People of good will and good sense sent an even larger majority back to Massachusetts just spoke. He and I can resolve these complicated ethical Washington to vote in greater numbers have a very different view on this issues without stopping lifesaving re- to support lifesaving scientific re- issue. What I have learned about this search. The country has led the world search. Sixty-three votes are not issue is that honorable people can dis- in revolutionary discoveries, with our enough. We hope we receive more today agree. Honorable people who truly breakthroughs and our beliefs moving so that we can open the doors to this want to see cures take place for Ameri- ahead together, symbiotically. Senate promising future. cans and for people all across the world passage of this bill with a veto-proof I thank the Chair. can disagree as to their viewpoint as it majority can put us, again, on that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who relates to embryonic stem cell re- path. yields time? search. Again, all of us support adult We are giving this administration yet Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield stem cell research. another chance to consider a misjudg- 10 minutes to the distinguished Sen- The second point I have learned is ment with profound consequences. We ator from Tennessee, Mr. CORKER. that there are tremendous break- are working to create a framework for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- throughs, as I have already mentioned, ethical, federally funded research. Like ator from Tennessee is recognized regarding research that is taking place Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I will the bill passed last summer, this legis- with adult stem cells, cord blood stem probably take more like 5 minutes, if lation provides important ethical safe- cells, and amniotic fluids have matter the Senator from Georgia wants to al- guards by extending federally funded that is creating stem cells. Tremen- locate the time elsewhere. research only to embryos that are, one, Mr. President, I thank you for the dous cures are being created with these donated by in vitro fertilization clin- opportunity to speak today. As you can stem cells. ics; two, created specifically for fer- tell by my location in the Senate, I am The third point is that science is tility treatment, not for research; new to the Senate. I spent a great deal going to absolutely outpace our ability three, in excess of treatment needs and of time, as many people did, over the to deal with this issue. There is no would otherwise be discarded; and four, course of the last 2 years visiting with question that even if we pass legisla- donated by treatment-seeking individ- citizens in our State. I think there is tion today, science is going to continue uals who provided written, informed nothing that touches us in the public to outpace us as it relates to our abil- consent and were not offered financial arena more than seeing people who ity to deal with this fascinating area of inducements. I cannot think of any have needs and trying to address those science. But I also believe science and way to more effectively and thought- needs. That is the reason many of us these breakthroughs are going to allow fully address the ethical issues that are are in the public arena—I hope all of us us to continue to achieve these cures concerned here. are in the public arena. for Americans and for people all across Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Few of us are untouched by the many this world without creating this eth- sent for 2 more minutes. Is that pos- illnesses that plague Americans. I ical divide of destroying human em- sible? know all of us have people who have bryos. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. diseases, such as diabetes, various So I am here to strongly support and BROWN). Without objection, it is so or- forms of cancers, heart disease, Alz- applaud the Senator from Georgia and dered. heimer’s. I know my own family has the Senator from Minnesota who have Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, what been touched by Alzheimer’s disease. put forth the HOPE Act. I am here to may not have been clear to us ini- My father has it. All of us are aware of strongly support S. 30, which allows ad- tially—and it should be clear now—it issues that are affecting human beings. ditional research to take place on stem just doesn’t make sense to allow in We also want to see breakthroughs cells without breaking that divide. I vitro fertilization to create millions of take place. am also here to voice opposition to S. embryos that will never become human It is amazing, the breakthroughs 5, which actually uses Federal dollars beings and then prohibit science from that are taking place today with stem to destroy human embryos. using them to cure sick people and re- cell research—research from adult Mr. President, I yield back my time. lieve human suffering but to simply stem cells, research that is taking The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who discard those embryos. place from matter from amniotic yields time? The Senator from Iowa is Valuing the mysteries and sacredness fluids, research that is taking place recognized. of human life is something all of us from cord blood matter. So there are Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, first, I should do. It underlies every religion amazing cures taking place in America say to my friend from Tennessee, there on this planet. Stem cell advocates are today with this research, and I doubt is not one dime in S. 5 that would be no different. Here in the Senate and there is a Senator in this body—not a permitted to be used for the destruc- across this country, Americans are ap- Senator in this body—who doesn’t sup- tion of embryos—not one dime. That is proaching an ethical consensus which port stem cell research. The issue real- prohibited by the Dickey-Wicker bans human cloning, which is thought- ly comes down to embryonic stem cell amendment. This bill does not override ful about the use of embryos that research. that amendment. Not one dime in this would be discarded, and which respects Mr. President, I want you to know bill can ever be used for the destruc- life and also respects that life by pro- that over the course of the last 2 years, tion of any embryos. I just want to tecting stem cell research. I spent a tremendous amount of time make that very clear. We don’t have the luxury of patience, looking into this issue, reading white Mr. President, I yield 20 minutes to not when 100 million Americans suffer papers, talking to researchers all my colleague, someone with whom I from illnesses that might one day be across America, visiting embryonic have worked on health issues now cured with stem cell therapy, not when adoption centers where embryos were going back—let me think about this— more than 3,000 Americans die from actually being adopted and creating almost 13 years, I guess, back to 1993, diseases every day that one day may be human beings. Because of this issue, someone with whom I have worked made treatable by stem cell research. because of the ethical divide this issue very closely on a number of health If we can get 67 votes out of 100 Sen- seems to create for so many Ameri- issues and for whom I have a great deal ators—4 more than we had last sum- cans, a tremendous amount of time was of respect for his approach on this issue mer—then we can send the President a put forth by myself and my staff, but and so many others. I yield 20 minutes veto-proof message. Last summer, the myself firsthand, to reach a conclusion to the distinguished Senator from Senate sent the administration a about this issue and to be able to com- Utah, Mr. HATCH. strong message by passing a bill that municate that to Tennesseans and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- would responsibly fund this research, Americans. ator from Utah is recognized. and the American people showed their There are four points I have learned Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I thank agreement last November when they about this issue. The Senator from my colleague from Iowa. I appreciate

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 the arguments he has been making than shuffle. I conceive of patients research makes embryonic stem cell about this issue. with spinal cord injury who stand up research unnecessary?’’ Mr. President, I rise to speak in sup- and walk again. My answer is simple. Who among us port of embryonic stem cell research. I think of 16-year-old Tori Schmanski can know which will yield the greatest First, I plan to vote in favor of both of Orem, UT, who sustained a severe breakthroughs? Who among us dares to bills that will be considered today, S. 5, brain injury. I imagine Tori going back predetermine the outcome by limiting the Stem Cell Research Enhancement to the snowboarding and dancing that the possibilities of ethical scientific re- Act of 2007, and S. 30, the Hope Offered she loved. Tori Schmanski’s parents search at the outset of this new field of through Principled and Ethical Stem flew her to China for stem-cell therapy. research? Cell Research Act. Her father said something that struck The stories I have just related com- I call upon my colleagues to vote in me. He said, ‘‘Our hope is that next pel me to advocate for all types of eth- favor of and pass these bills. time we do this, we won’t have to go to ical stem cell research—adult, cord And I call upon the President to sign China.’’ America has long been the blood, amniotic, and embryonic. both bills into law. world leader in ethical biomedical re- Indeed, it must be recognized that in However, let me make one point per- search, and we should not lightly cede August, 2001, President Bush became fectly clear while I will be voting for this ground. the first President to support Federal both S. 5 and S. 30, I believe that S. 5 When I consider the potential of stem funding for embryonic stem cell re- is clearly preferable to S. 30. S. 5 per- cell research, I think of people like 17- search. The President has my respect mits Federal funding for embryonic year-old Travis Ashton of Highland, and admiration for his decision. At stem cell research; S. 30 does not. UT, whose brain was injured in a car that time, he announced that 78 embry- I want everyone to understand that accident. Today, he is struggling to onic stem cell lines would be eligible the votes we cast today could tomor- dribble a basketball. I hope tomorrow for Federal support. It was a good row mean the difference between a he will be able not only to dribble a start. healthy life and one of misery for basketball but dunk a couple of bas- It was also a decision that recognized many, many Americans. kets as well. discarded embryos can, and should, be I commend my good friends and col- And I think of my great friend, Presi- used to advance our Nation’s scientific leagues for their hard work on S. 5— dent Ronald Reagan, whose genius and inquiry. That is fundamentally still first, Senator ARLEN SPECTER and Sen- energy were sapped away in what were the issue before us today. ator TOM HARKIN, who held over 15 bi- to have been his golden years by the The President’s policy has not lived partisan hearings on embryonic stem ravages of Alzheimer’s disease. I imag- up to its promise. cell research over the last several ine him finishing his days with his In the past 6 years, much has years. characteristic humor and vitality. changed. What was once thought to be Next, I recognize Senators KENNEDY, Last year when Congress voted on over 70 stem cell lines has dwindled. A SMITH and FEINSTEIN for their coura- the Stem Cell Research Enhancement number of scientists have told me that geous leadership and commitment to Act of 2005, Former First Lady Nancy in reality the number of usable cell this important issue. Reagan sent me a letter urging the lines has shriveled to merely a dozen or And, in the House of Representatives, Senate to support the bill. Let me re- fewer. Representatives MIKE CASTLE and mind you what it so poignantly said: Scientists have told me that these DIANA DEGETTE must be singled out for Dear Orrin: lines are not enough to represent the their principled leadership on the com- Thank you for your continued commit- general population anyway—they have panion embryonic stem cell research ment to helping the millions of Americans been genetically distorted by years of measure, which was approved by a who suffer from devastating and disabling replication. Furthermore, they are con- strong bipartisan vote. diseases. Your support has given so much taminated with so-called animal feeder Each day, the Congress must address hope to so many. cells and, therefore, can never be ap- consequential events—and even mo- It has been nearly a year since the United proved for use in human therapy. States House of Representatives first ap- mentous threats to our Nation—but it proved the stem cell legislation that would Existing Federal policy has created is not often that we have the oppor- open the research so we could fully unleash what I have characterized as hand- tunity to cast a vote that is filled with its promise. For those who are waiting every cuffed science. By this I mean that sci- as much hope and promise for the fu- day for scientific progress to help their loved entists are forced to go to extreme ture as the embryonic stem cell re- ones, the wait for United States Senate ac- lengths to comply with Federal law. search bill we are considering today. tion has been very difficult and hard to com- When they are able to scrounge up pri- It reminds me of our country’s quest prehend. vate funding for fresh embryonic stem for space many years ago, which was I understand that the United States Senate cell lines, the scientists find their is now considering voting on H.R. 810, the no more than a dream when the effort Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, some- hands bound. began. Yet what was only a vision time this month. Orrin, I know I can count They are afraid of violating Federal when it was conceived, yielded wonders on friends like you to help make sure this law by mixing research between the beyond anything we could have imag- happens. There is just no more time to wait. limited, contaminated, federally sanc- ined. Sincerely, tioned stem cells and cells with the The American space program has Nancy new cell lines lawfully developed with spawned many important new ad- As we all know, last year, the Senate non-Federal funds. No equipment pur- vances. When I think of space explo- did approve this legislation, but Presi- chased with NIH funds touches the ration, I ponder the gift of global posi- dent Bush vetoed it. new, lawful cell lines and the result is tioning technology. I consider the And while I think we all know how that equipment purchased with Federal weather mapping that we depend upon this vote will come out today, it re- money lays underused while limited to warn us of impending natural disas- mains my fervent hope and prayer that precious money is used to purchase du- ters. I marvel at the revolution of in- President Bush—a person whom I plicate equipment and supplies. stantaneous worldwide communica- greatly respect and with whom I share Dr. Linda Kelley is an Associate Pro- tion. strong belief in the right to life—will fessor of Medicine at the University of As a science, embryonic stem cell re- sign this bill into law. Utah. Dr. Kelley told me that the lim- search today is where the space pro- I have received many letters from ited number of currently federally gram was when we first dreamed of it. constituents who ask me, ‘‘Senator sanctioned cell lines is so unstable When I think of embryonic stem cell HATCH, how can you support embryonic that, in her words, ‘‘You are lucky if research, I imagine diabetics without stem cell research when adult cell re- you can recover 10 percent of the cells insulin pumps. I dream of patients with search is so promising?’’ They ask, they send you.’’ She said the cells have Parkinson’s Disease who sprint rather ‘‘Why don’t you realize that cord blood been reused for so long that they have

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8649 degraded and no longer represent the top reasons why our government ited. The approved set of human em- comprehensive human population. should fund embryonic stem cell re- bryonic stem cell lines, authorized I do not want Utah’s scientists mov- search. He shared the following with nearly 6 years ago for federally funded ing to California or America’s sci- me: research, is woefully inadequate. Some entists moving overseas so they can do 1. Potential source of cures. Embry- of them apparently do not exist at all, their research. onic stem cell research provides the po- others are embroiled in extensive pro- Just as we are a nation that would tential to cure or ameliorate some of prietary agreements and all of them never want to allow a situation to exist the most devastating and costly dis- though suitable for some research pur- where American citizens must go eases faced by our Nation including di- poses, will never be suitable, due to abroad for best medical treatment, we abetes, Parkinson’s disease, and Alz- problems with contamination, for should neither allow nor accept an at- heimer’s disease. therapeutic purposes. mosphere where our best doctors and 2. Embryonic stem cells grow quickly More importantly, ongoing re- scientists must go abroad to develop and are versatile. Two inherent prop- search—funded by private foundations and provide the best medicine. erties of embryonic stem cells, not and industry, or performed abroad—has I do not want U.S. scientists walking shared with adult stem cells, make brought about improvements in how away from embryonic stem cell re- them especially attractive cells for cell laboratories isolate and grow embry- search because there are too many im- transplantation-based therapies: i) onic stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem pediments to pursuing it in our coun- rapid cell division and ii) versatility. cells were first characterized over 25 try for our citizens. Rapid cell division is critical if we years ago, yet the cell lines that re- Dr. Marie Cseta is a cell biologist want to use any stem cells for trans- searchers use today are far superior to from Emory University and is one of plantation therapy, as we must quickly the ones available 5 or 10 years ago. the many scientists who firmly believe expand a limited number of cells to the With the hope of further improve- that embryonic stem cells hold unusual large mass required for therapeutic ef- ments, we continue to isolate new promise. She is unable to send her NIH- fect. Embryonic stem cells are almost mouse embryonic stem cell lines. funded, post doctoral fellows to quali- unique in their capacity for rapid So long as the Federal funding ban fied laboratories to learn new proce- growth without loss of developmental remains in place, the majority of dures because those laboratories work function. American researchers cannot make with the new cell lines. She told me The versatility of embryonic stem similar progress with human embry- that the restrictions that current Fed- cells is truly remarkable. In the mouse, onic stem cells, nor exploit the ad- eral policy places upon her and her col- embryonic stem cells have been un- vances made by others. With the limits leagues are, in her words ‘‘ . . . so odi- equivocally demonstrated to be currently in place, American human ous that many scientists just do not pluripotent, capable of generating embryonic stem cell researchers are in try.’’ every cell type present in the adult the unfortunate and unique position of I want scientists to try. body. Studies in cell culture indicate being frozen in time, trapped by the I think we will see after today’s vote that human embryonic stem cells also technical limitations of mid-2001, while that most Senators want scientists to possess this remarkable pluripotency. other disciplines continue to advance. try. 3. Adult stem cells grow slowly. In This makes no sense from a medical or I am sure my friends, neighbors, and contrast, adult stem cells divide slowly scientific perspective. constituents in Utah want our best sci- and normally require a very specialized Although today’s debate focuses on entists to try. and undefined cellular environment— the use of spare embryos to develop In forming my opinions and views on called a niche—for their survival and embryonic stem cell lines, the next two this topic, I met with many leading ex- growth. For example, removal of adult points that Dr. Capecchi makes center perts in the field of science, ethics, law intestinal stem cells from their bio- on a different method of producing em- and, yes, religion. I met with a number logical niche leads to their automatic, bryonic stem cell lines. of Nobel Laureates including Dr. Har- programmed cell death. Blood stem For the last three Congresses, Sen- old Varmus, former Director of the Na- cells, obtained from the bone marrow, ator FEINSTEIN and I have introduced tional Institutes of Health; Dr. Thomas are among the few adult stem cells cur- legislation that addresses this form of Cech of the Howard Hughes Institute of rently in clinical use, but they cannot embryonic stem cell research. Al- Medical Research and Dr. Paul Berg of yet be expanded in culture without los- though this issue is not squarely before Stanford University. ing their developmental function, and us today, I hope that the majority I met with other leading experts in- hence their limited therapeutic utility. leader will allow us to take up this im- cluding: Dr. Curt Civin and Dr. John 4. Adult stem cells are very re- portant matter sometime this Con- Gearhart both of Johns Hopkins Uni- stricted in what cell types they can gress. versity; Dr. Irv Weissman of Stanford produce. Whereas embryonic stem cells 7. Somatic cell nuclear transfer as a University; and the University of are extremely versatile in their capac- research tool. A limitation of IVF em- Utah’s own Dr. Mario Capecchi. ity to generate different cell types, bryo-derived stem cells is their poten- Let me tell my colleagues that we adult stem cells appear to range in tial of rejection by the patient because have some great scientists in the State versatility from quite restricted—for of immunological incompatibility. A of Utah. In fact, Dr. Capecchi, a leading example, blood stem cells that can gen- potential solution is the generation of research professor at the University of erate multiple types of blood cells, but ‘‘customized’’ embryonic stem cells by Utah, is widely recognized as one of the nothing else—to completely restricted, somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT, true pioneers of embryonic stem cell for example, muscle stem cells that which has been demonstrated in proof research. He has been working on em- generate only muscle cells. of concept experiments in mice. bryonic stem cell research throughout 5. Many important organs do not While, at present, nuclear transfer his 40-year career. He has been the re- have adult stem cells. Many tissues using human eggs to generate cus- cipient of the prestigious Lasker such as liver, pancreas, and blood ves- tomized embryonic stem cells for ther- Award which is considered the most sels do not appear to have a cor- apy would be too complex and too con- prestigious American award in the bio- responding adult stem cell population. troversial to be applicable for routine medical sciences. It is often the case Therapies of diseases involving these transplantation medicine, it represents that Lasker Award winners go on to re- tissues would therefore not be readily an important tool for investigating the ceive Nobel prizes. approachable by adult stem cell-based mechanism of converting a somatic When I was home in Utah last week, therapy, but could be approached using cell such as skin cell into an embryonic I spent a lot of time talking to Dr. embryonic stem cell-based therapies. stem cell. Capecchi. I asked him if he could pro- 6. The usefulness of existing embry- We need to learn the ‘‘reprogram- vide me with what he believed are the onic stem cell lines is extremely lim- ming rules’’ the egg uses to convert the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 adult nucleus into an embryonic state But, the concept of alive-but-natu- human misery through ethical stem following nuclear transplantation. One rally-dead embryos is based upon lim- cell research as is provided through S. goal of research in this field is to con- ited research that has not yet been du- 5. vert a somatic cell to a pluripotent em- plicated widely. When I first took this position in bryonic stem-cell-like state in culture It is promising research, but it is no 2001, it was over the objection of some without SCNT. more than that at this stage. In fact, of my constituents in Utah. Utah is a We need to use eggs temporarily to some scientists are worried that these very conservative State. Since that learn how to reprogram the adult nu- arrested embryos are defective and time, however, the majority of Utahns cleus without the need for human eggs. would, therefore, produce defective and the majority of Americans have Progress toward this goal can only be stem cells. And it is by no means cer- come to support the use of Federal assured if Federal funding would be tain that an arrested embryo can be funds for embryonic stem cell research able to support research in this field in differentiated from one that could de- conducted under ethical guidelines. the best academic institutions of our velop further. This year, as in past years, I have country. In short, this idea may not pan out. had a steady stream of Utahns with 8. Embryonic stem cells to study Recently, there was another flurry of chronic diseases visiting my office urg- human disease. Because SCNT allows activity around the possibility that ing me to continue to push for stem production of patient-specific embry- certain cells in amniotic fluid behave cell research. One young man who has onic stem cells, this approach would similarly to stem cells. But even Dr. been afflicted with diabetes since allow establishing research tools for Anthony Atala who characterized these youth now has a son with the disease. the investigation of complex human cells has said that it is a mistake to as- He urged me to continue with this diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkin- sume that they are a substitute for em- fight so that maybe his son might be son’s, ALS, or diabetes in cell culture. bryonic stem cells. spared the ravages of the disease. A An embryonic stem cell line derived The vote that counts in the minds of woman disabled with multiple sclerosis from such patients would carry in its our best and brightest scientists—and earnestly told me to persist. A con- genome all genetic alterations that should count for my colleagues in the stituent with Parkinson’s disease told caused the disease. Thus, differen- Senate and the American public—is me to do whatever it takes. They all tiating these patient-specific embry- your vote for S. 5, the Specter-Harkin want hope. onic stem cells in culture to a cell type bill that has already passed the House NIH support is the bedrock of sci- that is defective in the patients may by a broad bipartisan vote. Our leading entific research in the United States provide crucial insights into the pa- scientists, including more than 40 and really around the world. And with- thology of the disease and may provide Nobel Laureates, tell us at this time out NIH support, embryonic stem cell a critical platform to identify drugs there is no known scientific substitute research will never reach its full poten- that help prevent, ameliorate, or cure for embryonic stem cells. tial. the disease. Yet I understand that the vote I ask While constrained by his position in 9. Lack of government commitment you to cast is ethically troubling for the administration about what he can means lack of future researchers. The some of my colleagues. and cannot say about the legislation brightest young researchers in our I have a long, proud and strong before the Senate, in testimony before country are currently not engaging in record as a right-to-life Senator. the Congress, NIH Director Dr. Elias human embryonic stem research be- I stand against abortion on demand, Zerhouni recently made it abundantly cause they are aware of its uncertain and I think that Roe v. Wade should clear that—based on consideration of future, the low level of commitment by never have been decided the way it science alone—embryonic stem cell re- our government to its support and of was. search presents great opportunities for the cumbersome restrictions faced by As a member and former chairman of scientific advancement. And Dr. scientists participating in this re- the Senate Judiciary Committee, I Zerhouni is not alone. search. We are losing the scientists worked toward a constitutional amend- As I emphasized, one reason is that that will carry this critical research ment banning abortion. the limited and continually shrinking into the future. In the 108th Congress, I was at the number of federally sanctioned con- 10. Health and economic implica- President’s side when he signed the bill taminated cell lines are so tired that tions. The health and economic impli- banning the barbaric practice of partial they no longer adequately represent cations of human stem cell research birth abortion. I was chairman of the the genetic code of the larger human are enormous and other countries have House-Senate conference committee family. recognized this potential. They are that finalized the bill. A second is that the logistics of in- heavily investing in embryonic stem So why does a pro-life Senator sup- vestigation are burdensome and im- cell research. Our country is in grave port embryonic stem cell research? Be- practical because of the need to sepa- danger of falling behind in one of the cause I do not consider a frozen embryo rate funding sources for research with most promising fields of biomedical re- to be a human life until it is implanted the limited, deficient federally sanc- search. in a woman’s uterus. S. 5 allocates Fed- tioned stem cell lines and the newer Dr. Capecchi gives very compelling eral research funding to embryonic cell lines lawfully developed within reasons for funding embryonic stem stem cells derived from frozen embryos Federal support. cell research. I believe that all ethi- that are to be discarded. In fact, thou- A third reason is that scientists can- cally responsible avenues of stem cell sands of such embryos are routinely not now use Federal funds for research research should be pursued and that is discarded each year. on any embryonic stem cell line that the Congress’s obligation to the Amer- I should explain why frozen embryos they could implant in humans—these ican public to see that they all are pur- exist and why they are discarded. federally sanctioned lines are contami- sued. As part of the fertility treatment nated with animal cells. But let me caution that no one process, multiple embryos are created A fourth reason is the need to be able should imagine that one bill is a sub- and only one or a few of those that are to bring the fruits of basic research to stitute for the other. created are ultimately used. The rest the patient. It is one thing to find sev- S. 30, introduced by Senator NORM can be stored for years in liquid nitro- eral hundred thousand dollars of pri- COLEMAN, directs the Secretary of gen. About 11,000 embryos per year are vate money to complete an early stage Health and Human Services to conduct discarded by their donors and could be research project on stem cell lines in and support research on pluripotent used for research. the laboratory. However, when it stem cells that do not damage a human I see ethics as being on the side of comes time for clinical testing, the embryo. It also specifies work on natu- creating human life through fertility costs of research are in the millions of rally dead embryos. treatments. I see it as trying to cure dollars, not the hundreds of thousands

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8651 of dollars per experiment. Typically, cently asked this question of an emi- Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I am very this kind of private money is not avail- nent neuroscientist who directs the Na- grateful the Senate is considering the able unless it is from industry. Clinical tional Institute of Neurological Dis- issue of stem cell research today. This research with stem cells will hit the eases and Stroke, Dr. Story Landis. debate marks the culmination of years wall without NIH funding when that At the Health, Education, Labor and of work by many of my colleagues and time comes. Pension Committee’s hearing entitled certainly by myself and a host of dedi- The private sector will not want to ‘‘Can Congress Help Fulfill the Promise cated advocates. invest millions of dollars into stem cell of Stem Cell Research,’’ committee I thank Senators HARKIN and SPEC- lines that we already know will never members heard from scientists, from a TER for their leadership on this issue, yield ethical human treatments. Nor young patient who suffered from diabe- as well as Senators HATCH, FEINSTEIN, should Congress and the public allow tes, and from Dr. Landis. I asked Dr. and KENNEDY. Working together for al- the status quo to continue. Landis if NIH funds were made avail- most a decade, the six of us have over If we unlock the shackles on our sci- able for research on all ethically ob- the years laid the groundwork for the entists, I believe we can materially tained embryos from in vitro fertiliza- Senate to overwhelmingly approve shorten the time between basic and ap- tion, would the probability of finding Federal funding for embryonic stem plied research—the time between the cures for human diseases increase? cell research. test tube and the patient’s bedside. Let Her response was as follows: We did this last July but, as we all me give you just a few examples of Absolutely it would increase. There is no know, unfortunately, that bill was ulti- what has been accomplished since the question about it. We would have a real op- mately vetoed by the President. That portunity. I can give you one specific exam- is behind us now, and with a new Con- Senate last debated this issue. ple. Huntington’s disease is an inherited dis- In last October’s Nature, bio- ease. It caused a particular kind of nerve cell gress comes a new opportunity to re- technology investigators reported that in the brain to die . . . If we had embryonic visit this important issue, the issue of they could convert human embryonic stem cells derived from discarded embryos embryonic stem cell research. stem cells into cells capable of synthe- that were not implanted, we would be able to I hope the experiences of the past sizing insulin, the missing hormone in make extraordinary inroads into thera- have helped my colleagues to gain a diabetics. This work was conducted on peutics for that disease. fresh perspective on this issue. I know privately funded stem cell lines. Much is weighing in the balance on they certainly have for me. Some may At the University of California, Los today’s vote. view the vote we will take later today Angeles researchers demonstrated that I ask my colleagues to consider care- on S. 5 and S. 30 as a one-or-the-other they could coax embryonic stem cells fully the positions they take today. option. In my opinion, that is simply into becoming T-cells of the immune In the interests of all those who suf- shortsighted. system, the missing cell line in AIDS fer from debilitating diseases and hope I intend to vote for both measures. patients. for deliverance, I urge my colleagues to At the end of the day, they both ac- And in my own State of Utah, Dr. vote for S. 5. complish the goal of advancing stem Raymond D. Lund, a professor of the Let me close by making a point I cell science in the hopes of finding Moran Eye Center at the University of made to President Bush back in 2001. cures for debilitating illnesses such as Utah, reported that human embryonic In the opening days of your term in office, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes, stem cells injected into the eyes of scientists have completed the task of se- to name but a few. quencing the human genome. While this ac- blind rats improved their vision. This complishment—the work of many in the pub- S. 5, the Stem Cell Research En- important work was conducted with lic and private sectors—is of historical sig- hancement Act of 2007, would allow private funding. nificance, it is only the end of the beginning Federal dollars to support research on An Israeli team partially funded by in a new era of our understanding of the bio- stem cells derived from human em- the Israel Science Foundation reported logical sciences. Over your next eight years bryos created through in vitro fer- engineering a small piece of heart tis- in office, you have an unprecedented oppor- tilization. sue derived from human embryonic tunity to provide the personal leadership re- S. 30, the so-called alternative bill, stem cells that contracted rhyth- quired to see to it that your Administration would provide the support for other will be remembered by future historians as means of deriving pluripotent stem mically, carrying promise for future the beginning of the end for such deadly and cardiac replacement therapies. debilitating diseases as cancer, Alzheimer’s cells. In that regard, both measures de- Last month, Dr. Dachun Wang and and diabetes. serve the Senate’s support. I find it Dr. Rick A. Wetsel at the University of That is what S. 5 is all about—pro- troubling that these measures should Texas reported a procedure that dif- viding a potential new avenue of re- be pitted against one another. Many ferentiates human embryonic stem search that may lead to treatments argue that S. 5 is a must-pass legisla- cells into the lung cells that are miss- and cures for many diseases that afflict tion, and I would tend to agree with ing from many lung diseases. The work many families across our Nation and them. was funded with a grant from a private the world. But that should not detract from the donor. Mr. President, while I have no objec- importance of alternative forms of Finally, in a recent Nature Medicine tions to S. 30, let us not delude our- stem cell research sanctioned in S. 30. Journal, human embryonic stem cells selves into thinking it is the best solu- As research on embryonic and other delayed the onset of the mouse equiva- tion to this. Again, while I will be vot- forms of stem cells like amniotic or lent of a degenerative brain disease by ing for both S. 5 and S. 30, I believe the placental therapies is still in its in- 70 percent. The approach described in that S. 5 is clearly preferable to S. 30. fancy, we need to support them all to the article holds exciting potential for S. 5 permits Federal funding for embry- fully realize the potential they might treating dreadful diseases such as ALS onic stem cell research, S. 30 does not. hold. and Alzheimer’s disease. S. 5 is the bill that will clearly make a Since the Senate last considered As you can see, there is a lot of significant difference in the future of stem cell research, we have all had ad- promising work being done in the field medical research. ditional time to reflect on the sensitive of embryonic stem cell research. Unfor- I urge all of my colleagues to vote in issues underlying this debate. As a pro- tunately, due to the limitations and re- favor of S. 5. life Republican, I initially had some strictions placed on the few cell lines Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how uneasiness with endorsing this type of eligible for Federal research assist- much time do I have remaining? research that so heavily relies on ance, much of most promising work is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighteen human embryos. being done outside the normal channel and a half minutes. Drawing from my deeply held reli- of the NIH research network. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I yield gious beliefs, scientific evidence, and Yet with all this progress, is science 13 minutes to the distinguished Sen- countless stories of individuals living progressing as fast as it should? I re- ator from Oregon, Mr. SMITH. with terrible illnesses, I fashioned my

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 position on the basis that I truly be- from Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, diabe- art and unto dust thou shall return, as lieve it supports the sanctity of human tes, cardiovascular disease, and many the Lord said to Job. life. cancers believe in that promise, and so In that regard, pluripotent stem cells The real tension surrounding this do I. are one of the building blocks of life, issue, I believe, pits the potential med- But we have yet to unleash the po- the dust of the Earth. I believe we miss ical benefits stem cells hold against tential behind this science because of the understanding of the importance of the ethical uncertainties or the reli- the restrictions we have placed upon the spirit, the breath of life, the spirit gious convictions some of my col- stem cell research. While I appreciate within mankind, as the essential ingre- leagues might have with what this the President allowing the research to dient which causes life to begin. kind of research entails. Based upon move forward on a limited number of I do not find that religion and science my personal struggle with this issue, I stem cell lines, we all know that over are in conflict in the Senate today. I now believe any reservations with em- time those lines have been degraded, believe they are in harmony. I believe bryonic stem cell research are mis- and scientists are in desperate need of we should have a broad enough view to placed, especially when one truly con- new, uncontaminated lines. include the many views that comprise siders the question of when life begins. We cannot expect scientists to make American pluralism. For me, it begins with the mother, progress in developing today’s treat- To that point, Mr. President, I turn with the implantation of the embryo. ments if we limit them to yesterday’s to the Scriptures even to find wisdom I believe the Scriptures provide science. that I do not have of myself. In the ear- ample support showing that flesh and I believe the Federal Government has liest pages of the Old Testament, I find spirit become one within a mother. a vital, moral role to play in the devel- this statement: This is one of womankind’s supernal opment of stem cell science to ensure And the Lord God formed man of the dust gifts. I find verses in the Old and the that appropriate ethical guidelines are of the ground and breathed into him, his nos- New Testament, in Genesis, Jeremiah, tril the breath of life, and man became a liv- followed. It is uncertain where we will ing soul. the Psalms, Job, as well as in the Gos- end up if embryonic stem cell research Mr. President, there are two conjunc- pels. becomes an entirely private sector ven- All of these things lead me to feel tions. The dust of the ground ‘‘and’’ the ture. breath of life ‘‘and’’ then man becomes comfortable with an ethical conclusion With lack of sufficient funding and a living soul. Until you have both, you that life begins when flesh and spirit ethical boundaries, who knows where are united in a mother’s womb and not do not have life. we will wind up? The Federal Govern- before. I cannot end my comments today ment can guide research in the right Embryos created as part of the in without mentioning also my own fam- direction. I fear if we fail to show up to vitro fertilization process were in- ily’s history. It has played a role in work on this issue, we will run into tended to provide infertile couples the shaping my views on embryonic stem very serious problems in the long run. gift of life, the chance to become par- cell research. My mother’s name was Over the last 7 years it has become ents. Those that go unused in infer- Jessica Udall. I watched my grand- increasingly clear to me that being tility treatments should still have the mother Lela Lee Udall die of Parkin- pro-life requires protecting both the opportunity to give the gift of life ei- son’s. I watched my uncle Addison sanctity of human life and the quality ther by later implantation or to those Udall die of Parkinson’s. I watched my of human life. By allowing research on living with debilitating diseases cousin, former Democratic Presidential stem cell lines derived from unused through stem cell research. candidate and Arizona Congressman, IVF embryos, we could forge a path Without being implanted in a moth- Morris K. Udall, die of Parkinson’s. To that would one day lead to cures for er’s womb, an IVF embryo is a group of watch people die of such a malady is to some of mankind’s most dreadful med- cells growing in a petri dish. If those instill in one’s heart a desire to err on ical maladies. cells are stored in a lab for 1,000 years, the side of health, hope, and healing. If only one life-improving application they have no possibility of developing We will all die, but no one should have of stem cell science comes from my into anything more than a group of to die as they died. cells. They remain the dust of the vote in favor of S. 5, then I believe I I yield the floor and urge my col- Earth, one of the building blocks lead- have done my job, and done it cor- leagues to vote for both of these meas- ing to life. rectly; for I have chosen to err on the ures. They are complementary. They It is the act of implantation within a side of hope, healing, and health. are headed in the same direction. They I encourage all of my colleagues, mother that gives them life. It is the are not putting science and faith at even those who have some ethical res- act of implantation that is the essen- odds with one another. tial missing ingredient in this debate. ervations or contrary religious feelings The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. on this issue, to do the same. I have So instead of destroying or discarding CASEY). Who yields time? unused embryos, we have the oppor- heard some refer to embryonic stem Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield tunity to use them to derive much cell research as a conflict between 15 minutes to the distinguished Sen- needed stem cell lines for the advance- science and religion. I do not believe ator from Florida, Mr. MARTINEZ. ment of stem cell science. that is the case. One of the greatest The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- It is not more moral to simply throw qualities and aspects of life in the ator from Florida is recognized. them away. While many of my pro-life United States is our religious plu- Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. President, this colleagues may not agree with my posi- ralism. It is something we see an ab- is indeed a difficult issue and debate. I tion, I know they do support the intent sence of, tragically, in too many places respect so much my colleague from Or- of embryonic stem cell research; that around the world. egon. I know he speaks with passion of finding cures for a number of chronic We do not serve the public well by and heart as he deals with these con- diseases and debilitating health condi- taking the narrowest theological posi- tentious but important issues. I must tions. That is why I still struggle with tion and trying to impose it on public express some disagreement with him, describing S. 30 as an alternative to S. policy. The American tradition is open while I agree with most of what he 5. It is not an alternative or a sub- enough to include other considerations said. stitute, it is a perfect complement. of ethical ideas, Scriptural interpreta- The issue of stem cells is a vital and To fully realize the benefits that all tions, and scientific hope. emotional one, and we need to deal types of stem cell research offer, I urge I am not a scientist, and I am not a with it carefully as we move forward in my colleagues to vote affirmatively for theologian. But as I use my agency to the Senate. both measures we are considering interpret what I know in the Scrip- The embryonic stem cell debate today. tures, and the complexities of medi- stimulates some of us to defend the in- The promise of embryonic stem cell cine, I have come to the conclusion herent human desire to make discov- research is very real. Those suffering that we are all made of dust. Dust thou eries and to build on them; likewise,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8653 this debate galvanizes others of us who throughs came about thanks to non- Umbilical cord blood stems cells have defend human life and believe it should embryonic stem cells. now been used in thousands of patients be valued in all its forms. The engi- At the end of 2005, President Bush requiring a potentially lifesaving stem neered creation or destruction of a signed a bill that aims to further de- cell transplant and with good results. human embryo for the sake of sci- velop our Nation’s cord blood inven- The collection of these cells from the entific advancement cannot be the an- tory to allow for increased availability delivery of a healthy newborn baby can swer to any of our ever-growing chal- of existing and future stem cell treat- result in a stem cell transplant des- lenges. ments; and I was very proud to have perately needed to save someone else’s In this great country of ours, and supported this legislation. life. Essentially, new life is helping to around the world, there are many suf- As my colleagues know, this legisla- stimulate more life. fering from debilitating conditions and tion made its way through Congress This allows us to help countless peo- ravaging diseases such as multiple with tremendous success. The House of ple in need without the moral dilemma sclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s. Representatives passed it with only presented by the embryonic alternative These people are in need of medical one dissenting vote, and in the Senate which, from my perspective, is no true treatment. Thanks to the brilliant it passed it unanimously. alternative. minds and innovative ways of doctors The Stem Cell Therapeutic and Re- Cord blood is currently being used to and scientists across the globe, many search Act of 2005 created a new Fed- treat nearly 80 diseases. medical treatments are now available. eral program to collect and store cord Adult stem cells have made, and will We can credit advances in stem cell re- blood. In addition, the law expands the continue to make, a recognizable con- search with this expanding treatment. existing bone marrow registry to in- tribution to helping those with leu- Stem cell research holds tremendous clude cord blood. kemia, sickle cell disease, and other New programs utilizing cord blood, opportunities for our society to help potentially fatal illnesses and condi- such as the recently created treat and cure people’s diseases and ill- tions. CORD:USE Center at the Winnie Palm- nesses; and some would like to extend Proponents of embryonic stem cell er Hospital in my own home State of the success found through federally research say they want to make avail- Florida, are building on this valuable funded adult stem cell research to em- able for research only those embryos and expanding foundation. These pro- bryonic research. They have proposed that are, in their words, ‘‘unwanted.’’ grams are advancing science without that we harvest these human em- One of my colleagues recently asserted, compromising morality. ‘‘If these embryos were going to create bryos—which were created with the Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women knowledge that many of them would be and Babies in Orlando is now able to life, we wouldn’t be supporting re- destroyed—to be used for research. contribute a diverse and increased sup- search on them. Yet, there is proof that these em- While I, and others, understand the ply of cord blood. This is reassuring great need, we also know that there news for the thousands of people who bryos are living things and that they has to be a better way. In fact, I know would otherwise die unnecessarily each are wanted. Yes, these embryos can, there is. That is what I want to discuss and every year were it not for the and are, growing into fully formed ba- today. large, genetically-diversified stem cell bies. Known as ‘‘snowflake babies,’’ The legislation currently being con- bank that is now available. The uses of these babies are born from adopted em- sidered will direct Federal taxpayer cord blood are fascinating and they bryos—excess embryos from successful dollars specifically for the destruction speak of breakthroughs. in vitro fertilization parents that are of human embryos to develop cells that Stephen Sprague, one of the first donated and adopted by a couple where might lead to treatments for various adults to receive a stem cell transplant fertilization techniques were forgone health problems. This raises moral ob- from umbilical cord blood, recently or unsuccessful. jections with me because of my deeply visited Winnie Palmer Hospital and its To date, 133 snowflake babies have held religious beliefs. cord blood bank to express his grati- been born, with nearly another two We are currently funding research on tude for what they are doing. Stephen dozen on the way. nonembryonic stem cells derived from was diagnosed with chronic Had these—in the words of the crit- adult stem cells, amniotic cord blood myelogenous leukemia in 1995, and ics, ‘‘unwanted’’ embryos—been tossed or placenta sources. These have proven when chemotherapy and other treat- aside, human life would have literally their ability to target many, if not ments did not work, and a match for a been discarded. eventually all, of the conditions ex- bone marrow transplant could not be Many Americans agree that we need pected to be addressed through embry- found, he was informed that essentially to move forward on this issue with pru- onic stem cell research. nothing more could be done. Luckily, dence, and in a way that respects and The University of Florida has one of Stephen’s oncologist was able to enroll values human life. As we stand to bal- the top five adult stem cell research him in one of the first clinical trials ance our interests in helping those in centers in the world and their findings using umbilical cord blood. need without destroying human life, are already making a difference. A wonderful mother agreed to donate there is a good piece of legislation At the University of Florida, re- her placenta; from that, the lifesaving being considered that I want my col- searchers are making great headway cord blood was collected. Ten years leagues to consider. with stem cell research. They have in after receiving the stem cell trans- Under the HOPE Act, no living em- the works treatments for heart disease, plant, Stephen remains completely bryo would be damaged or harmed for a cure for diabetes, and preventions for cancer-free. Not only this, but before the sake of research. What the HOPE diabetic eye diseases. Additionally, re- his cord blood transplant, Stephen was Act would do is allow scientists for the searchers at the University of Florida an insulin-dependent diabetic. Fol- first time to apply for Federal funds to are making significant strides on the lowing the transplant, Stephen has not perform research on embryos that have path toward reversing adult blindness, needed to use insulin; through taking died naturally during the in vitro proc- treating neurological conditions, and only oral diabetic medications, his ess. For those hoping to find a cure rebuilding human brain cells. Re- sugar levels have remained normal. through embryonic stem cell research, searchers in Gainesville are also lead- So, not only was Stephen’s life saved this would be a modest and principled ing the world in identifying cancer by the transplant, his quality of life step toward achieving that goal. stem cells a primary step toward iden- was improved. It is no wonder that Ste- It would also be the right step to tifying therapies to cure various forms phen has now dedicated his life to tell- take, because it is the only option that of cancer. ing his cord blood story of hope to pa- opens up new frontiers without dam- It is worth noting that all of these tients and mothers who can also give aging human life; a move in this direc- advances have a vital common thread; the gift of life through the donation of tion would not detract from the real each of the aforementioned break- their cord blood. results we have seen through federally-

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 sponsored adult stem cell research. I produce results, it is going to lead us What do we have? That should be a encourage my colleagues to strongly toward human cloning, because we are reasonable question all my colleagues consider voting in favor of the HOPE not going to have a genetic match on would ask. All my colleagues would Act. the embryonic stem cell line. You are say: Well, OK. We have talked about We must be dedicated only to re- going to need a genetic match so you this, we have put money in it, we have search which preserves and protects will have to develop human cloning to discovered it, and we have put a lot of lives. Adult stem cells hold great get a genetic match to produce the our best scientific minds into this promise, have had more proven success cure you want. field. What do we have? The results for in lab trials and actual applications, Cloning is not on the table today, but adult versus embryonic: We have in- and they do not require the destruction that is what this moves us toward, be- vested more in adult than we have in of human life. This is where our Fed- cause that is what is going to have to embryonic, but it is not an incon- eral funding should remain focused. happen, if this will ever work. But it sequential amount that we have put At this time, efforts to federally fund doesn’t need to go that route. I want to into embryonic—$613 million. This a different area would siphon money get us back on those central questions. chart shows the current human appli- from proven research. Let’s talk about the facts on these cations in the two fields of adult versus If it is possible to simultaneously de- questions. We have invested heavily as the embryonic. For allergy and infec- fend human life and help others in a country in embryonic stem cell re- tious disease, embryonic stem cell re- need, why on earth would we not do it? search. We have invested in adult stem search and human applications: zero. Why wouldn’t that be the better op- cell research. We have invested nearly We have 15 in the adult field. Cancer $613 million on embryonic stem cell re- tion? We know it is possible to do both Institute: zero in ESCR, 26 in adult. search. In total, since 2002, $613 million at the same time. It seems to me to be Child Health Institute: zero here for invested in embryonic stem cell re- the reasonable thing to do. That is why embryonic, 8 in adult. Diabetes and Di- search. So to say that we are not fund- I urge my colleagues today to support gestive: zero for embryonic, three in ing, we are not doing work in this area, the HOPE Act, to support a way of con- the adult field. Eye Institute: one is false. We have invested a consider- tinuing to advance the frontiers of re- adult, zero embryonic. Zero embryonic, able amount of work and effort in this search while at the same time avoiding zero embryonic, zero embryonic in each field. the troublesome and meddlesome Now, individuals are saying: OK, yes, of those fields. You can see what we moral dilemmas that funding for em- you have put money into this field, but have been able to do in the adult field bryonic stem cells would present. the lines on which you allow research by the investment we have there. There is an option. There is an alter- are contaminated. I wish to draw at- So from just a sheer practicality native. There is an opportunity to ad- tention to this article from Nature standpoint—we have known about this vance stem cell research of the embry- magazine—excuse me. I want to get for 25 years, and we have put $613 mil- onic type, knowing we have already this one up. This article: ‘‘Bush Stem lion into it. We have zero human clin- had great success with adult stem Cell Line Contamination is Exagger- ical applications today taking place. cells, with cord blood, and all of the ated.’’ This is from a CEO of a stem We have over—and here I want to show other usages, but at the same time not cell company: an adjusted chart. I am sorry this is tampering with the moral dilemma we So the stuff you hear published— one we have had to paper over, but just would have to cross if we are destroy- yesterday we had juvenile diabetes on I am reading the quotation— ing embryonic life in order to have our board for adult stem cell applica- —that all of these lines are irrevocably con- tion—one of the big ones. This affects a stem cell research in that direction. taminated with mouse materials that could I yield the floor. never be used in people—hogwash. If you lot of people. It is one that a number of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- know how to grow them, they’re fine. people in this body are strongly inter- ator from Kansas. That is in an article where one of the ested in, deeply interested in. Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I key individuals, the CEO of a stem cell I just read to my colleagues this thank my colleague from Florida and company, is saying that. So we have morning from the Chicago Tribune my colleague from Oregon as well. I $613 million that is in human and about this adult stem cell work treat- want to address a couple of issues in re- nonhuman embryonic stem cell re- ing juvenile diabetes where an indi- sponse to some of the statements that search. The idea that the lines are con- vidual with their own—this is type 1 di- have been made and also get us back to taminated is hogwash. They are not abetes—treating an individual with what we are discussing. contaminated. They are useful. They their own stem cells at Northwestern On S. 5, the central issue is, will we are being used. The research is taking University. Here is a quote from a re- sanction the destruction of nascent place. So we have this. We have $613 searcher who was reviewing it from human life with Federal taxpayer dol- million going into this area since 2002. Harvard Medical School: lars? There is currently no prohibition One would reasonably expect we ought Their results look better than anything I against embryonic stem cell research to have some results after over half a have seen so far. in this country. Any private group in million dollars going into the field in Type 1 diabetes. We added it, gladly, Illinois or Kansas or Pennsylvania that this period of time and a lot of efforts to the board today. Seventy-three dif- wants to develop an embryonic stem from the scientific community. We ferent human applications we have in cell line can do so. There is no prohibi- have known about embryonic stem adult stem cells. Cord blood. We don’t tion. The question is, will we use Fed- cells for 25 years. have amniotic fluid yet developing, eral taxpayer dollars to destroy human Indeed, the magazine Nature in 2006 which I think we should start banking life to develop additional stem cell marked the 25th anniversary of the two the amniotic fluid from the placenta lines? That is what S. 5 is about. papers reporting the first isolation of because of the rich stores of stem cells, The second point is, if we want to mouse embryonic stem cells—a 25-year but we haven’t quite started that yet talk about cures, which I believe that celebration. So we have known about today. So we have put in money in is what the debate should be centered embryonic stem cells for 25 years and adult and we have put money in embry- on, is it appropriate to divert taxpayer in humans for the last 10 years. We onic. We have a lot of results in adult. dollars from adult stem cell research, have been able to research on them in I held this up for my colleagues yes- from cord blood research, from pla- lab animals for the last 25 years. That terday, but I hope they get a chance to cental research, from amniotic fluid re- is an exciting development which took look at it again. This is the front page search into these areas of highly specu- place a quarter of a century ago. We of the research findings in the adult lative embryonic stem cell research have invested heavily—$613 million fields we have. It is about a 4-inch that has not produced results to date since 2002. We have put a lot of money binder. That was accumulated as of and is unlikely to produce results in into this. We put a lot of scientific ef- April 2006—last year. We did an adden- the near future, if at all. If it does fort into this. dum from June 2006 to March 2007.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8655 These are the findings. These are the cause somebody has already made the $613 million to get treatments for peo- successful results in the adult cord life-and-death decision. Let’s put ple like Dennis Turner, whom I put up blood field that we have. I don’t have money into it. Let’s start in the here, and where we have had some suc- my empty binder to show what we have nonhuman area first because we want cesses, if we can get treatments for dia- on embryonic stem cell. It is a legiti- to develop this in the animal models, betes that are being developed by mate question, just a legitimate ques- which is clearly the right way to go. Northwestern University—but for some tion about what we should be investing Let’s invest heavily in it, which I noted reason, we are not having enough in- in that is yielding results in the adult in the earlier chart where I pointed terest here to do them here, we are versus embryonic field that is taking this out, the amount of animal trials, having to do them in Brazil. I want place. the money that has been put into ani- people to get treatments. I want Par- There is the tumor problem. My col- mal trials on embryonic stem cell kinson’s treatment to take place. We league from Utah was saying we can work—in 2006 alone, $110 million; $481 have a route to do this. We are not un- get over this tumor problem which is million for 2002 through 2006—trying to limited on money resources in the taking place. Unfortunately, I have a find out: Is there a place? Is there a health care field. I think we should in- stack—and I put it into the RECORD way? Can we make this work? We con- vest more in the health care field. We yesterday—of 10 research papers, and tinue to have this tumor problem have a route to go here. We have a that was really just a sampling of the which keeps coming up in almost all of route that can use the resources. If we papers where the embryonic stem cells the studies. Yet we are saying: Let’s are at 1,422 clinical trials now, my are producing tumors. This is real. It is try it on human embryonic and these guess is there would be a lot more we significant. It is not going away, these lines that have already been developed, could try. tumor-formation problems with embry- and we still are not getting the results. I put up pictures of people here yes- onic stem cells. So why would we continue to fund in terday who are having to go to Por- This is in a publication called ‘‘Stem this area? tugal for spinal cord injury treatment. Cells’’: ‘‘The presentation of the insu- Now we want to expand the funding I want to put a picture back up here lin gene could be demonstrated only in this area and we want to expand the again. She wonders why we couldn’t do when the cells differentiated in vivo lines and we want to—not only go this here. into teratomas’’—into tumors. These there, we want to cross the big moral I might also note to my colleagues are tumors which are taking place. divide that many of us have different that it is critical that this is done This is just one of a stack of research opinions on but all of us have to say is quickly. They are finding in these papers saying this is a problem. It is a a profound question: the use of tax- early research results that the sooner difficulty we have. payer dollars to fund the destruction of you can get the treatment for a spinal Let’s talk about patients again be- young human life. We are all troubled cord injury, the more likelihood of suc- cause, to me, that is what we really about that. One way or the other, we cess. So how many people here can af- have to get to—the bottom line. We are all troubled about that. That is the ford to fly to Portugal for the treat- have to bring this back to the patients. question on this particular bill and ment, and how much better would it be We now have this exciting develop- why it is so divisive. We all want cures. if this were done in Chicago or in Kan- ment which is taking place with type 1 I think people are troubled about the sas City where people could go in this juvenile diabetes. Unfortunately, it is lack of scientific results in one area country? This lady from central Illi- taking place in Brazil instead of the and the fact that we are now at, in nois was having to go to Portugal. United States. I wish we were having clinicaltrials.gov., 1,422 human clinical We are finding this in the diabetes the researchers doing this in the trials now going on, being recruited for area. They are saying the sooner the United States. I guess they—whether or no longer recruiting for using adult treatment is taking place—and this is they are being attracted overseas to do stem cell work right now. So this is common sense to most of us as well— adult stem cell work and not in the going on. It is going on well. We are we know that the sooner you catch United States—but this was North- not seeing any of it in the embryonic. something, the more likelihood you western University which was doing Now we want to take another step. have success if you get quick treat- this in Brazil. We want to use taxpayer dollars. We ment. Should we be forcing people, I want to look at Parkinson’s. One of want to destroy young human life. We then, to go to Brazil and Portugal and my colleagues raised the issue of Par- want to create more embryonic stem Thailand to get these adult stem cell kinson’s, which is a very difficult, ter- cell lines. Never mind that it hasn’t treatments, many of which were devel- rible disease that confronts and worked to date. Never mind that we oped in the United States, being done confounds us as a society and as indi- are getting a lot of results in this other by U.S. researchers, and now are being viduals. I wish to point out to my col- field. Never mind that a good portion conducted abroad? Why? I understand leagues an individual who came to tes- of our electorate finds this ethically we are all after this goal of treatments, tify in 2004 who was a Parkinson’s pa- very troubling. We are going to do it. and I would hope—and I give that to tient and testified about his treatment We are going to go with it. We think my opponents, that is what they are with his own stem cells that was tak- we ought to do it. after as well—they see this hope and ing place, a Parkinson’s patient, Dr. I don’t think this is a wise move. I promise. Dennis Turner, and he was Parkinson’s don’t think it is wise practically. I I can’t cross the ethical boundary free for a period of 5 years. We tried to don’t think it is wise ethically in spite they have been able to cross. I find get him in to testify a number of dif- of the thoughts others might have. that each of these lives—and here, I am ferent times. We had trouble. He was Ronald Reagan said: If you didn’t know not quoting from a religious source; I out doing African safaris after his stem if somebody was alive or dead, you am quoting from a biology textbook, cell treatment as he was doing so well wouldn’t bury them. If you weren’t an embryology textbook, 1996 human from it. sure, you wouldn’t bury them, just as a embryology textbook that says this My point is that we have tried this. commonsense thought. about when life begins, not talking We have tried it aggressively. We have My colleague from Oregon did a very about the theology but the biology. It tried it ethically to say: OK, let’s try good discussion of the ethical issues says: embryonic stem cell work on lines here, yet I could even detect in his Although life is a continuous process, fer- where a life-and-death decision has al- thoughts that this is a troubling ques- tilization is a critical landmark, because ready been made. That was the Presi- tion. It is a tough one. So if we are not under ordinary circumstances, a new geneti- dent’s determination in 2001. He was sure if it is alive or dead, would you cally distinct human organism is thereby saying: We don’t know at this point in bury them? No, you wouldn’t. And if we formed. time where this science will lead us. have a moral question about this and The Presiding Officer wouldn’t be Let’s try it on these ethical lines be- we have a route where we can use this here if he was destroyed as an embryo.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 If we have somebody in the future who leagues, let’s not go there. Let’s go this this important political debate their in this body—I want to show Hannah— route we can all agree on. Let’s do own conscience. That is an important who was in this body who was created— amniotic fluid banking. Let’s do bank- thing in this business, that we bring or, excuse me, was started in an IVF ing of those stem cells and create more our conscience to the Senate Chamber. clinic, was a frozen embryo at some treatments. Let’s invest more heavily I know, as most people do, that as we point in time, she is destroyed as a fro- in the adult stem cell field so we can meet and debate this issue on the floor zen embryo, she isn’t going to be here create and find those cures. Let’s have of the Senate, the lives of Americans as a U.S. Senator. This life is a con- treatments done in the United States continue. All across America, in sterile tinuum. We all know this. This is not and not force people to travel overseas laboratories, there are doctors and sci- something which is new to anybody. to get these treatments. We don’t need entists at work today trying to help Here is man who is a snowflake baby, a to go there. loving couples create human life. These frozen embryo, who was adopted. We We don’t need to get women into a are men and women, husbands and have another route to go on these fro- position to pay them to harvest their wives, who want a child and, because of zen embryos. We could really push an eggs. We don’t need to go down the some physical problem, they cannot adoption technique. If she is destroyed route of human cloning, creating life conceive. So they spend enormous at this early phase, she obviously isn’t for our own purposes. We have done sums of money—thousands of dollars— here at a later phase. We know that. that before and have deeply regretted on the chance that in a little glass dish We know what the embryology text- it. in a laboratory life can be created that book says, and we know each of us This is a turning point for us. I have will end up being the child they will started out as an embryo, so why would no doubt how the vote will come out love for the rest of their lives. It is a we do this? I understand people are today. It will be in favor of S. 5. I think beautiful story of love that is repeated saying: Well, because we want cures. that is regrettable. I believe the Presi- every day in America in these labora- And I do, too. We have an ethical route dent when he says he is going to veto tories. I have a friend who recently had to go on the cures. We have a route it. I hope he does. I will be strongly in a baby girl—2 weeks ago. Eight days which is producing enormous success- support of him doing that. Instead of after she was born, I was giving her a ful results and one which is producing having a culture that looks at using bottle. I thought I had lost all those no results. life, let’s have a culture that values talents, but they came back to me. My Now, maybe it will, in a decade or life, that sees every life as dignified, wife was admiring her and telling the two, over large U.S. expenditure, over a beautiful, sacred, a child of a loving mom how proud we were. She talked great ethical divide that we all are God, not to be used for other purposes about going through this process and troubled about, and then we will ex- but has dignity because of who it is, be- how when they went into this labora- pand into human cloning to be able to cause of the beauty of who it is. What tory and looked at all of the possible get a genetic match, because it will is wrong with that? Let’s find cures, embryos that could lead to the birth of have to. Otherwise, if you do this with and we can do it. the child, they picked the healthiest embryonic stem cells and implant Mr. President, I yield the floor. and strongest ones, naturally. them and the genetic type doesn’t The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who But other embryos were not chosen. match up with that of the body, you yields time? What happens to those? At the end of are going to have to have The Senator from Georgia is recog- the day, what happens to those that immunosuppressants being used all nized. are not chosen to end up becoming a your life. Is it likely we are going to Mr. ISAKSON. Will the Chair advise baby? They are thrown away, dis- continue that route? No. We are obvi- us of how much time remains. carded. Now, Senator BROWNBACK has ously going to have to do human The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- referred to these as ‘‘nascent’’ human cloning, develop young human clones ator from Georgia controls 14 minutes. life, young human beings. I see this a that genetically match the individual The Senator from Iowa controls 61⁄2 little differently. I cannot understand being treated. You are going to have to minutes. how we can condone legally a process harvest thousands, if not millions, or Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, the that will end up at the end of the day hundreds of thousands of women’s eggs Senator from Illinois will speak next with these embryonic stem cells being to get the human eggs to develop the and he told me he needed extra time. In thrown away and discarded, when we clones. the spirit of cooperation, I will be glad know if those same stem cells that are Do we want to go there with women? to yield 5 of our minutes to the Sen- about to be thrown away are given, You are probably going to have to ator from Illinois so he will have 11 under appropriate guidelines, with incentivize and pay women in poorer minutes, and then I will conclude. Is strong ethical standards, to labora- countries to get the human eggs to de- that fair? velop the clones that genetically Mr. HARKIN. Yes. We will yield 5 tories, they could lead to cures for seri- match so you can implant them. This minutes to the Senator. ous illnesses. Is it better morally to leads down several paths we don’t want Mr. ISAKSON. You have 6 minutes throw them away or is it better mor- to go. So why would we start down left. I am giving him 5 and I will take ally to use them in a positive way to there if we don’t want to go there and a closing. Is that fair? enrich and save human life? That is we have an ethical route in which to Mr. HARKIN. That sounds good to what this debate comes down to, as far go? me. as I am concerned. I plead with my colleagues that we Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I thank I have many friends and there isn’t a don’t need to do this. We don’t need to my colleague from Georgia for his gra- family in America that hasn’t been jump over this ethical divide, and we cious gesture. I also thank my col- touched by Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, don’t need to ignore this definition. We league from Iowa, Senator HARKIN, spinal cord injuries, ALS, or diabetes. don’t need to create a legal fiction along with Senator SPECTER, for intro- We all know the stories. That is part of that, yes, it is alive but it is not a life, ducing this bill on stem cell research. American family life today. When you which we are doing now with this dis- Some important things have been are a parent of a child who suffers from cussion. We don’t need to go back to said on the Senate floor today. Senator one of these illnesses or diseases, the the old debate of treating human life as SMITH of Oregon made an exceptionally first thing you want to know is: Doc- property and that you can patent it moving statement on this issue. I tor, what can be done? Is there a cure? and own it and manipulate it, and treat thank him for sharing his views. This Is there a place I can take my daughter it for your own purposes. We have been is a tough issue. It is not easy. I totally to where they are going do surgery or there before. We have always regretted respect those who see it differently a procedure—something—to save her it. Why would we do that now? We than I do, including the Senator from from this disease? That is the first don’t need to go there. I say to my col- Kansas. They are trying to apply to question a parent asks.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8657 Because President Bush decided over lead a more complete and full life. I our positions, but what I tried to do is 4 years ago to close down Federal fund- also think of my colleague from the open a door that already existed, a ing in this area of research, it limits House of Representatives, Lane Evans. door that brought about 5 of the 21 em- the opportunity to find those cures. He came to Congress in 1982 as a won- bryonic stem cell lines that are cur- The President has said he is asserting derful, great young man, a Marine rently under NIH approval. But as Sen- his moral belief, his ethical position on Corps veteran of the Vietnam era. He ator HARKIN and others have stated, this issue. Well, everybody brings their had to give up his congressional career those lines have now been experi- moral and ethical positions to these last year because of Parkinson’s. It got mented on for 51⁄2 years, using mice, issues, but you have to ask the larger to the point where he could not con- they have developed pollution or less- question: Is it right for the President tinue his official duties. He used to than-quality lines. It is time for us to to impose on all of the families in come to the floor and beg for this bill find a way to further the science, to America who are afflicted with dis- to pass so others suffering from Par- reach out for those discoveries and do eases his moral and ethical views? kinson’s would have a chance. so. S. 30, which I am here to advocate I think what Senator HARKIN has I dedicate my vote in support of this for, affords that opportunity because it done is more reasonable. He has said bill in support of Lane Evans, the vet- allows the NIH to invest future funds we will have strong ethical guidelines erans, and so many others who are in embryonic stem cell research on em- for this kind of research. No one is counting on us to move this research bryos derived from Level III Gardner going to make a dollar off this. You forward. Dr. Elias Zerhouni, the Direc- principle remainders and in vitro fer- cannot direct this research toward any tor of the NIH, stated our Nation would tilization, arrested embryos, as they person. This is strictly scientific, be better served if federally funded sci- are referred to in some cases, dead em- closely guarded, with strong ethical entists had access to embryonic stem bryos as referred to in other cases, but guidelines. Senator ISAKSON has come cells for research. He separated himself in all cases embryos that are no longer up with an approach, too, to use a dif- from the Bush administration’s official going to become a life but do generate ferent form of these cells. I also ap- position. He said: and contain pluripotent embryonic plaud his approach. Let us try every- stem cells. It is not possible for me to know how we In the end, I feel that approach satis- thing we can ethically find that moves can continue the momentum of science and fies the questions raised at the White us forward toward finding cures. That research with the stem cell lines we have at House and affords us an opportunity of is what this should be about. If you be- NIH that can’t be funded. From my stand- point as director of the NIH, it is in the best a bill that will be signed by the Presi- lieve the embryos not used in in vitro dent and does what everybody on this fertilization are human life, as de- interest of our scientists, our science, and our country that we find ways and the na- floor supports, with rare exception, I scribed here, I think you have a moral tion finds a way to go full speed across adult believe, or maybe no exception once obligation to outlaw in vitro fertiliza- and embryonic stem cells equally. done, and that is the expansion and the tion because, frankly, at the end of the I am not going to argue against re- extension of the research. day these ‘‘nascent’’ human lives will search using cord blood, adult stem I end where I began with my remarks be destroyed. We know that. But you cells, the type of stem cells described a minute ago. I compliment Senator have not heard that suggestion. Those by Senator ISAKSON in his bill. But I HARKIN and others who have spoken opposing stem cell research are not op- think we have a moral obligation to and the advocacy that has been here posing in vitro fertilization; they say the men and women who are counting today and the level and quality of this go forward with that, knowing the on us to open this research to find debate on this subject. I look forward choice would be made to discard the cures. This is our chance, with passage to this afternoon and the remaining 3 stem cells rather than use them for of this bill. hours as we lead up to the votes. medical research. I don’t follow that I will vote in favor of both S. 5, the I guess I would say the same thing logic. I think it is morally consistent Harkin bill, and S. 30, the Isakson bill, the Senator from Iowa would say. If for them to oppose embryonic stem cell to support all ways of deriving stem any Members want to speak this after- research and prohibit in vitro fertiliza- cells in a positive way to save lives. If noon, it is time to let us know now tion. But they have not gone that far. you are in favor of human life and rather than later because we will have We have tough choices ahead of us in making it better, this is your chance. 3 hours equally divided between four this bill. I think they are obvious What matters most in this debate is different groups. choices. We understand what Senators that we aim to make good on the prom- With that said, I yield back the re- HARKIN and SPECTER have done. They ises we vowed to keep. Let’s support mainder of my time. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I sug- open the door for funding Federal re- the research that can lessen so much search in this area. I am glad the Gov- gest the absence of a quorum. pain for so many and support S. 5. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ernor of Illinois found money to ini- I reserve the remainder of my time. tiate this research in Illinois. Cali- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- clerk will call the roll. The assistant legislative clerk pro- fornia and many other States are also ator from Georgia. ceeded to call the roll. doing this. Why are we doing it State Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I will Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask by State, not as a national Govern- be brief. I will take a portion of the re- unanimous consent that the order for ment, as we do all medical research? mainder of our time and yield back the the quorum call be rescinded. The President doesn’t view this the rest. I compliment Senator DURBIN on The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without same as other people. He used his veto his excellent remarks. Referring back objection, it is so ordered. pen once as President and that was to to Senator DORGAN’s and Senator f veto stem cell research. I think that is SMITH’s speeches and so many other inappropriate. speeches, I think this has been a ter- RECESS As I get into this debate, I think rific debate. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask about a lot of people I have met who I compliment the Senator from Iowa unanimous consent that the Senate are victims of multiple sclerosis, Par- tremendously. We all gained a great now stand in recess until the hour of kinson’s, ALS, cancer, and spinal cord deal of education. I think, with rare ex- 2:15 p.m. injuries. I think about visiting the ception, we have seen exhibited a pas- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Heinz VA Hospital yesterday and see- sion to further embryonic stem cell re- the previous order, the Senate will ing a quadriplegic who has been bed- search. The questions are not if that is stand in recess until the hour of 2:15 ridden since the Korean war. Imagine what we should do but how we go about p.m. that, if you will. I think about those doing it. Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:23 p.m., who have suffered spinal cord injuries What I have tried to do, and Senator recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem- who want the chance, the possibility, HARKIN and I had a great exchange last bled when called to order by the Acting that this research will allow them to night when we educated one another on President pro tempore.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 STEM CELL RESEARCH Sickle cell anemia is a disease that this, so we could get more matches ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 afflicts more than 70,000 Americans and across the country and could get a a disproportionate number of African broader cross-section of individuals Americans. Keone tells the story the who have contributed from various HOPE OFFERED THROUGH PRIN- best so I will just highlight what he types of blood so we could get matches. CIPLED AND ETHICAL STEM stated in front of a Senate science sub- The next area we need to bank in, I CELL RESEARCH ACT—Continued committee hearing that I chaired. He believe, is amniotic fluid. The fluid Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I sug- said: that surrounds the child as the child is gest the absence of a quorum and ask My name is Keone Penn. Two days ago I in the womb is also a rich source of that the time that runs count equally turned 17 years old. Five years ago they said stem cells. It would be my hope that in against both sides for the remainder of I wouldn’t live to be 17. They said I’d be dead this year’s appropriations bill we would the debate. within 5 years. not only study, I hope we will begin the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- I was born with sickle cell anemia. Sickle collection and funding of collecting pore. Without objection, it is so or- cell is a very bad disease. I had a stroke amniotic fluid. dered. The clerk will call the roll. when I was 5 years old. Things got even worse after that. My life has been full of Now I urge my colleagues on all sides The assistant legislative clerk pro- pain, crises, blood transfusions every 2 of this issue to say: Here is another one ceeded to call the roll. weeks, and more times in the hospital than we can agree upon in moving forward Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask I can count. in the stem cell field. I wanted to cite unanimous consent the order for the The year before I had my stem cell trans- to this, because it is an exciting break- quorum call be rescinded. plant I was in the hospital 13 times. I never through of news. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- was able to have a normal life. My stem cell This article appeared in JAMA, Jour- pore. Without objection, it is so or- transplant was not easy, but I thank God nal of American Medical Association, that I’m still here. I will graduate from high dered. February 28 of this year, on amniotic Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask school and I want to become a chef because I love to cook. I think I’m pretty good at it. fluid. Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells unanimous consent that Senator STE- Sickle cell is now a part of my past. One can be coaxed to become muscle, bone, VENS be added as a cosponsor of S. 5. year after my transplant I was pronounced fat, blood vessels, nerves, and liver The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- cured. Stem cells saved my life. cells. It might be capable of repairing pore. Without objection, it is so or- Many have heard of Keone’s amazing damaged tissue resulting from condi- dered. tions such as spinal cord injuries, dia- Mr. HARKIN. I suggest the absence of story on previous occasions, and the ef- fectiveness of cord blood stem cell re- betes, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. a quorum. My reason for pointing this out is The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- search for such diseases rightly gives this is one we can agree upon. This is pore. The clerk will call the roll. hope to millions. The assistant legislative clerk pro- Keone’s story is yet another of a one we can move forward with. The ceeded to call the roll. great litany of adult stem cell suc- amniotic fluid is discarded after the Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I cesses. pregnancy, is not collected. It can be ask unanimous consent the order for I want to focus now on the cord blood collected. It could be collected. We the quorum call be rescinded. stem cell successes and why we should should see about collecting this and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- not be directing research dollars down move forward on these treatments, and pore. Without objection, it is so or- other paths, such as embryonic stem some of the $613 million we spent on dered. cell and human cloning that have not embryonic stem cell research could go Mr. BROWNBACK. I believe under produced these sorts of cures or these into this field, and likely you are going the previous agreement I have 30 min- sorts of treatments, when we could do to be producing results very quickly. If utes at this time, may I inquire of the a lot more with treatments in the cord the amniotic fluid some people are Chair? blood field. talking about, as well as the placenta, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- As I noted, we started a cord blood being able to collect stem cells from pore. Approximately 30 minutes—44 banking program. We now have cord the placenta and other rich sources of minutes, the Senator has. blood banking taking place in several stem cells—if we can take some of this Mr. BROWNBACK. I want to intro- places. I hope people are doing more of $613 million that has produced zero duce to the body, into the discussion, a this across the country. As I stated, we human clinical trials to date and put it gentleman I had a chance to meet who have distributed nearly 10,000 units of into fields that are producing or have a came in front of a Senate Commerce, this to get to matches in various high potential here in a near-term Science and Transportation Sub- places, in various individuals across basis to be able to produce treatments committee—Keone Penn. I have a pic- the country. We need more cord blood or possibly even cures—no ethical prob- ture of this young man here. I want to donated because you have to match a lem, no ethical issues; this would be share his story. He was cured of sickle series of six factors and at least four of clearly a key one to go forward with. cell anemia. We use that term advised- those factors must match to be able to I also want to further develop the ly, but clearly, cured of sickle cell ane- use the cord blood in a particular indi- thought about embryonic stem cells mia through cord blood adult stem cell vidual such as Keone. Therefore, you leading inevitably to human cloning. I treatment—cured. need to have a broad cross-section of want to put out some numbers on this, I want to do part of this to encourage cord blood in the banking supply so follow with the discussion on this. Peo- other people out there who might by people can possibly find a match. ple certainly will understand it. If we chance be listening or know somebody In many places it has been used as a are to collect and develop additional else who has sickle cell anemia who substitute for bone marrow and the dif- embryonic stem cell lines, we get these has not yet been able to get treated; to ficult collection process that takes embryos from IVF clinics around the talk about cures using cord blood. We place sometimes with marrow. We need country, and you start these lines, the have cord blood banking. That is tak- more in the cord blood field so we can genetic match will not take place. ing place. Cord blood is the blood be- get more people treated like Keone That genetic material will not match tween the mother and the child when Penn. I think that is a key avenue for anybody, because it is unique genetic the child is in the womb, and the use of us, in stem cell work, in producing the material, so as soon as it is implanted it, which we have now banked—10,000 results. into somebody else, there is going to be units roughly have been banked and Next step, the next field we need to a rejection by the body taking place. used throughout the country for many go to is amniotic fluid. I want to show That individual is going to have to be types of illnesses and sicknesses. I this to my colleagues. Some of them on immunosuppressive drugs for the re- want to talk about curing sickle cell would have seen this issue. We started mainder of their life, because the body anemia in some cases using cord blood. a cord blood banking program to get is rejecting this foreign material.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8659 Therefore, the answer is to move for- to have to be developed that way to ob- vesting the organs of a person who ward, saying, well, okay, we have de- tain sufficient embryos for this specu- committed a terrible crime. They are veloped this science, we can do human lative research science, that will turn guilty. Despite the number of people embryonic stem cell work, it works, to human cloning, which will exploit having difficulty with the death pen- but we are getting the rejection taking women for their eggs, because where alty—and I have difficulty with the place. Therefore, we are going to need are we going to get hundreds of thou- death penalty—why wouldn’t we go to do human cloning, but it is not sands of eggs? Are we going to have ahead and harvest the organs? We are going to be real human cloning, it is women in this country be willing to going to throw them away, right? We going to be SCNT—somatic cell nu- voluntarily go through the process, a are going to dispose of them, right? clear transfer, that is the scientific difficult process? It can be damaging to Well, but something within us says, name for human cloning—and we are their bodies. that doesn’t feel right; that seems as if not going to clone, because we will cre- Maybe we will get some to do that. that is the wrong thing to do. And it ate the clone, we will harvest women’s Probably more likely we will be going doesn’t seem as if it is right because it eggs, we will then create the clone, and abroad to recruit people to give eggs. It is not the right thing to do. It violates we are not going to allow the imple- is unlikely they will give them, it is their human dignity, that individual, mentation of it. Therefore, we can say more likely they will be paid for those even though they have committed that it is not cloning because it is not going eggs to take place, and to go through crime, is a dignified human being and to result in a full-scale child, by all this difficult, painful, and potentially worthy still, even though they have definitions. We are going to clone a harmful problem. committed the heinous crime, is wor- person, we are going to start human Is that the route we want to go, or thy of us treating them with some life, then we are going to purposefully would we be wiser to work with level of respect, and not harvesting kill it for its stem cells, that genetic amniotic fluid, the cord blood, the pla- their organs. If they decide to volun- match. centa collection that is taking place, tarily give them up, that is their That is the process this will inevi- and take some of this money and de- choice, but they are worthy of that re- tably lead to if we are successful in velop that field? I think the route for- spect. So why, when we are looking at this science that I believe highly ward is pretty clear. human life here, that all of us agree is doubtful, given the tumor formation. I also want to discuss the idea we human, alive, would we say: Well, cal- But let’s say we are successful in the were talking about, a disposable med- lously, we can throw them away be- next couple of decades, we can develop ical infrastructure, the frozen embryos. cause they do not look like us. Well, the child at this stage starts to the science, the tumor issues somehow I want to put back up a chart of one of look like us, but it is pretty small. You we are able to deal with, over that pe- those embryos we have here, and talk can say it doesn’t look much like us. riod of time, we get over that hurdle, about this from a standpoint. I ask my Can we do it at that stage too? Then if we can develop it. colleagues to think about this for a we are uncomfortable with doing it in We have an immunosuppressant prob- second. the early phase, or we are comfortable lem, so therefore now we have got to I believe everybody is wrestling with with doing it in an earlier phase, or move into human cloning. Where do we the notion that the human embryo is when Hannah is born, can we research get those human clones? We get them alive. We all agree it is alive. Some of on her then? She cannot do a whole lot from people. We have to have an egg we us will give it the status of a life; oth- at that point in time for herself. If we get from women. We will get the ge- ers would not. Others would call it a leave her by herself, she will die. She netic material from the person who potential for human life. I do not be- can’t care for herself at that point in needs the embryonic stem cells; that is lieve that is the scientific term, but time. So why not research on her at some would call it a potential for not a problem. But we are going to that point? Well, no, because she is a human life. have to harvest a lot of eggs. dignified human. So, okay, she is here. I want to go through some of those It is a human embryo. Here is a pic- At what point? Here? Probably so. At numbers from different individuals who ture of a human embryo. That is actu- that point? Here? have looked and thought about this. I ally a child who was adopted as a fro- Well, I don’t think so. I agree she is would hope my colleagues, even if they zen embryo and implanted and grew. human. I agree she is alive, but I am are on the other side of this, would This is, of course, what we are looking not willing to give her any dignity sta- think about where does this take us, at as a physical entity. It is human. It tus as a human. which is a real question about the idea is in the human species. We know that. What divides those? Some would say of doing massive amounts of human All of us are having some level of dif- place, placement. If it is placed in a cloning, massive amounts of harvesting ficulty with using taxpayer funding to womb, it is. If it is not in the womb, it of women’s eggs to do human cloning destroy that young human life. Well, is not. Location has not determined that is going to take place. Because why are we having that level of dif- personhood in our past. I would suggest you do not get a one-for-one match, ficulty with destroying something that it doesn’t determine it in our future or you get the one human egg, you are not looks like this? I think it is because in presently. There is a natural revulsion going to get it to necessarily take as a our own being, and the natural law toward this idea that we would take human clone, it is going to take a num- that resides in each of us, we believe in life from somebody for their body parts ber of attempts to take place—I believe dignity for every human being, period. for somebody else, and here we are hav- the numbers I have heard are some- We believe everybody who is here, who ing difficulty saying, well, yes, but the where around 200 eggs are necessary to is listening or watching this, is a dig- possibilities are so promising we are get one clone to take. nified person and worthy of respect and going to go ahead and do it anyway. Now, maybe we are able to develop worthy of recognition as a person. That I quarrel with the possibilities being that technology better into the future. is why when we have people on death that promising, and I have gone But if we develop this line, you are row and facing execution, we do not through this at length with my col- probably going to look at the need for say, let’s go and harvest their organs. leagues and discussed that. Even if it hundreds of thousands, if not millions, When we hear that term, we are ap- were, what about the human dignity of of embryos needed to pursue this spec- palled by it, because we are saying: each of us? When we have an alter- ulative embryonic stem cell research. That is wrong. native that is working, and when we And for this application, you are going Well, why? Because the person is have more possibilities we can fund in to need millions of eggs and millions of going to die. They were convicted of a the amniotic fluid developing, and the human clones—excuse me, I cannot call heinous crime. Why not harvest their placenta research, why not go those them clones—SCNT products, that is body parts and save some lives? Be- avenues, where we are actually getting the scientific name for human clones, cause we certainly could. That way we some possibilities, we are actually get- SCNT clones. These embryos are going could save a number of lives by har- ting people treated, and we have no

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 ethical questions, and we can go for- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- order that about 80 stem cell lines—a ward aggressively and happily about pore. The Senator is recognized. woefully inadequate amount—would be it? Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, in the pre- available for Federal research. Most of I am pro-life and whole life. I believe vious Congress, the Senate and the those lines were later determined to be life is sacred. I believe life is sacred in House of Representatives voted re- polluted and unusable, leaving only the womb and I believe life is sacred soundingly to lift the President’s bur- about 20 stem cell lines available. wherever it is. I believe a child in densome restrictions on embryonic Last month, the Director of the Na- Darfur is sacred, I believe that person stem cell research. The President, how- tional Institutes of Health, Dr. Elias even on death row is sacred, and should ever, used the first—and so far only— Zerhouni was asked during testimony be treated with dignity. I believe the veto of his administration to reject before the Senate Appropriations Sub- youngest phase that people are is sa- this potentially life-giving research committee on Labor, Health and cred and should be treated with dig- which is supported by a clear majority Human Services, and Education wheth- nity. I do not think we have to go of the American people. We are here er ‘‘scientists have a better chance of there. And if we do go there, it leads today to try again to give our sci- finding new cures [and] new interven- down a path we do not want to follow entists the tools they need as they tions for diseases if the current restric- in human cloning, and that we should work to cure some of the most debili- tion on embryonic stem cell research agree with as a society. tating and dreaded diseases. We will were lifted.’’ Dr. Zerhouni responded: Mr. President, I want to also note to not—and we should not—yield until we ‘‘these cell lines will not be sufficient my colleagues we can spend a lot of remove the obstacles the President has to do all the research we need to do time on this bill. I do not believe it is put in their way. . . . these cell lines have exhibited in- going to become law because of the di- This fight is critical, because embry- stability from the genetic standpoint vide in this country, because the Presi- onic stem cell research could hold the and it’s not possible for me to see how dent is going to veto it. We will see if key to curing diseases that no other re- we can continue the momentum of there are votes to sustain that veto or search could cure. As best we know science in stem cell research with the to override that veto. I do not think now, an embryonic stem cell is unique cell lines that we have currently at this is going to become law. So why in nature. It alone can develop into any NIH that can be funded. It is clear would not we then look at this as a other type of cell in the body. Embry- today that American science would be chance for us to work together on onic stem cells—and embryonic stem better served and the nation would be areas that we know have high potential cells alone—can become a nerve cell, a better served if we let our scientists for cures and treatment and that unite muscle cell, or any of the more than have access to more cell lines.’’ us? There are plenty of things that di- 200 types of cells in the body. The In issuing his executive order and in vide us. There are clearly things in promise of this unique ability is clear: vetoing the bill we passed last year, areas that unite us, there are clearly If scientists could replace diseased the President did not question the sci- future areas of things that we can work cells with healthy cells created from entific possibilities of stem cell re- on to unite us and to provide cures. embryonic stem cells, it could save an search. In fact, he said the opposite. He Why would that not be a better ap- untold number of lives. stated in 2001: proach? Are we so locked into a divi- For example, Parkinson’s disease is a sion here that we cannot find a way Scientists believe further research using motor system disorder that results stem cells offers great promise that could forward? I would submit we can find a from a loss of brain cells that produce help improve the lives of those who suffer way forward, and that we can work on dopamine. Individuals with Parkin- from many terrible diseases. these topics and provide cures so none son’s disease often experience a trem- The President’s objection is to using of us is the poorer for it. We are mov- bling in the hands, arms, or face, and embryos for research. But the key ing forward. Unfortunately, too much impaired balance and coordination. As fact—and one that opponents refuse to of the work is happening overseas in the disease develops, it can become dif- deal with—is that any embryo not used the adult stem cell work and our peo- ficult to walk, talk, and complete for stem cell research is going to be de- ple are not getting good access to it. I other basic tasks. With research, sci- stroyed anyway. The embryos created have cited several examples—that entists may be able to coax embryonic by fertilization clinics that are not should not be happening overseas; it stem cells into becoming healthy neu- going to be used for implantation will should be readily available here—of rons that produce the desperately- be destroyed. Why not give them a life- treatments that are developed here but needed dopamine. If those neurons can giving use then? No answer has been are actually being practiced in places forthcoming from the President. overseas because of either lack of in- be successfully transplanted into a pa- RAND Health conducted a study in terest or support that we would have tient with Parkinson’s disease, that 2003 that found there were approxi- here. I urge my colleagues to vote person could be cured. The list of diseases that could benefit mately 400,000 embryos in storage in against S. 5. I urge my colleagues to from stem cell research is long—Alz- the United States and some of these work with me and others on developing this promising field in amniotic fluid. I heimer’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, embryos will never be used because urge others to work with me as we juvenile diabetes, spinal cord injuries, parents either had a successful preg- work in the areas of adult stem cell and many others. Stem cell research nancy and no longer need them or be- and cord blood that are currently could offer the millions of Americans cause treatments were unsuccessful. In treating and curing people and that we suffering from these diseases not just addition, the study found that only 2 can do more of that and we can do that hope but cures. percent of these embryos will be used together and happily together and Supporters of stem cell research un- to create pregnancies in unrelated unite our country on an important derstand that these breakthroughs will mothers. Many will be discarded. topic instead of constantly dividing. not be easy or inevitable. But the Last year, the Detroit News edito- I yield the floor. President’s policy makes them far less rialized against a Michigan law re- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- likely. On August 21, 2001, President stricting embryonic stem cell research pore. The Senator from Michigan. Bush issued an executive order that the and used words that apply equally well Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, are we op- Federal Government would only fund to the President’s policy. The News erating under a UC at the moment? embryonic stem cell research on stem wrote: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- cell lines created before that date. The justification for this law is to protect pore. We are operating under consented ‘‘Stem cell line’’ is the name given to human embryos, but the fact that fertility time. The Senator from Iowa controls constantly-dividing cells that continue clinics can simply discard them means that 90 minutes. to be derived from a single embryo. the research ban is pointless. Mr. LEVIN. I have been authorized to Most independent experts estimated Sean Morrison, director of the Uni- yield myself 10 minutes. at the time of the President’s executive versity of Michigan’s Center for Stem

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8661 Cell Biology and one of the country’s The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- embryonic stem cells created before leading stem cell researchers, agrees. pore. Without objection, the Senator is 2001 or embryonic stem cells created In an article in the Ann Arbor News recognized for 5 minutes. after 2001. In fact, many countries have last month, Dr. Morrison stated: Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise been promoting stem cell research be- The thing about that that’s crazy is human in favor of S. 5, the stem cell enhance- cause they see this as an opportunity embryos are discarded all the time by fer- ment bill of 2007. Many of my col- to get ahead in this field during a time tility clinics . . .So it’s legal to throw them leagues have eloquently stated reasons when U.S. scientists are restricted to away, but it’s not legal to use them to try to for supporting this bill over the past 2 less useful stem cell lines. help somebody. days. The passage of this bill would be For example, the United Kingdom Embryonic stem cell research is an important step forward for research has established a world stem cell bank truly a life-giving process because of into treatments of devastating dis- to collect, characterize, and distribute the extraordinary potential for healing eases. In addition, passing S. 5 will help embryonic stem cell lines to research- living, breathing human beings, human the United States as a leader in bio- ers around the world. The United King- beings with names and faces and fami- medical research, a leader in trans- dom has also developed a comprehen- lies. parent and ethical research practices, sive national regulatory system that Members of the House of Representa- and a leader in developing safe, effec- requires researchers to follow strict tives have now passed the bipartisan tive treatments for diseases. I wish to ethical guidelines. While these regula- Stem Cell Research and Enhancement see stem cell therapies developed in tions may slow research to some ex- Act, H.R. 3. After we debate the com- this country so we can ensure the safe- tent, embryonic research is an area panion bill, S. 5, I hope we too will ty and availability of these treatments that merits extra care and trans- again adopt it and remove the Presi- for American families and at the same parency and oversight. We should not dent’s arbitrary prohibition against time create jobs for highly skilled relinquish our duty to uphold high eth- funding stem cell research on embryos. workers to do the necessary research ical research standards to other coun- It will pave the way for hundreds or and to develop these new treatments. tries or to individual States within this thousands of additional stem cell lines Our current policy puts us at a severe country or to the market more gen- to be made available. erally. This bill has the strong support of disadvantage to other countries. As the Director of the NIH said at a recent I ask unanimous consent for an addi- the American Medical Association, the tional 2 minutes. Coalition for the Advancement of Med- hearing, our current stem cell policy is akin to working with one hand tied be- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ical Research, the Association of Amer- pore. Without objection, it is so or- ican Universities, the Christopher hind our backs. Scientists in most other countries are at an advantage to dered. The Senator is recognized. Reeve Foundation, the Juvenile Diabe- Mr. BINGAMAN. Many other coun- U.S. scientists because they are al- tes Research Foundation, the Leu- tries, including Singapore, Korea, and lowed to study the best stem cell lines kemia and Lymphoma Society, the Australia, also have federally funded Parkinson’s Action Network, and more and do so with government funding. centers for embryonic stem cells. How- Let me explain this world stem cell than 500 additional organizations. More ever, it will be difficult for the United policies map I have put up. It is color importantly, it has the overwhelming States to capitalize on the research ad- coded to show the different stem cell support of the American people. If the vances that are made in these other policies that exist in different parts of President again vetoes this bill, I hope countries since federally funded sci- the world. We have essentially chosen Congress will override that veto. entists in the United States are re- As part of the unanimous consent four colors or four categories of poli- stricted from collaborating with for- agreement to consider this legislation, cies I am trying to focus on. First, we eign scientists who use the stem cell we are considering an additional bill as have the countries in yellow which lines that were generated after 2001. well. Senators COLEMAN and ISAKSON have not adopted stem cell policies. Furthermore, we can’t leave this im- introduced a bill that promotes stem You can see those countries are fairly portant field of science to the private cell research limited to those stem extensive. Next to those are those that sector alone. We have a long history of cells obtained from ‘‘naturally dead’’ have adopted stem cell policies. The bipartisan support for basic science re- embryos. These embryos are called United States is part of that group. search in this country precisely be- ‘‘naturally dead’’ because they are un- Those are the countries in gray on this cause it does not make financial sense able to divide and reproduce like other world map. The United States is among for industries to invest substantially in embryos. While we should pursue all the most restrictive of those countries early-stage research. Any scientist will types of research, I do not believe we that are in gray, but we do have other tell you that human embryonic stem should limit stem cell research to stem countries that have policies that are in cell research is still in its early stages, cells that may be flawed, as indicated that category as well. and that it has gone more slowly than by their inability to reproduce and di- Third are the countries in light it would have otherwise gone because vide. brown which allow the creation of stem of the restrictions currently in place in Embryonic stem cell research holds cell lines from leftover embryos in IVF our own policy. Furthermore, most enormous promise for healing and sav- clinics. We can see those light-brown cell-based therapies, including bone ing individuals who suffer from debili- countries. Passing S. 5 would move the marrow stem cell transplants, were tating diseases and injuries. It is our United States into that group of coun- first developed in academic research responsibility to pursue those cures tries, such as France and Canada and hospitals and have never been widely and treatments in an ethical manner. Brazil. utilized. This means Federal funding is In order for our scientists to do quality The final group depicted on this even more important for cell-based research and make advances in medi- world map is those that are shaded in therapies such as stem cell transplants cine, they must have access to embry- dark brown. These countries allow than it is for other types of treat- onic stem cells that are uncontam- other laboratory techniques to be used ments. inated and viable for research, espe- to create embryonic stem cell lines. Mr. President, I urge my colleagues cially since they will otherwise be de- You will notice that many of these to support S. 5. It is an important step stroyed. S. 5 will allow our scientists countries have very strong scientific to keep the United States a world lead- to move forward to a new generation of research programs. I particularly men- er in the field of biomedical research, potentially life-saving cures. It de- tion the United Kingdom, India, and and it will give hope to many of our serves the support of this body. China as part of that. Scientists in citizens for the treatments they des- I yield the floor. these countries, other than the United perately need. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I States, are free to use the type of stem Mr. President, I yield the floor. yield myself 5 minutes from the time cells best suited to their research, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. reserved on Senator HARKIN’s side. whether they are adult stem cells or SANDERS). The Senator from Maryland.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise pace themselves when they play ball or their own work in their own country. today to speak with some great ur- do other things so they do not induce But we are driving them out with our gency on the need to pass the Stem hypoglycemia. As they get older and narrow-minded ideological sense of po- Cell Research Enhancement Act of their cells get even more tired, they liticizing science. 2007, S. 5. fear they could lose a kidney or lose So we cannot do this with State We must pass this bill because if we their eyesight. funds, and we cannot do it with private do not, the American people will con- If we could find more breakthroughs funds. As I said, right now we are out- tinue to suffer, our brilliant research- in juvenile diabetes, we would give sourcing this to China, to Singapore, to ers will be discouraged and think about them their childhood back. We would Australia, to Germany. I am not saying leaving the field of scientific research give them a life that has a future full there are good countries or not good and, No. 3, we are also outsourcing our of promise. That is why we are fighting countries, but what are we doing? We intellectual capital because other re- here. It is not about ideology. It is not are losing our intellectual capital. We search is going overseas. about party. It is about our American are also losing our young scientists. We have to have a sense of urgency people. And what we invent here could Yesterday, I talked to a young doc- because stem cell research takes a long help save lives everywhere. tor. I knew him as a resident. His wife time. We cannot have science on de- Yesterday, I went to Johns Hopkins was a friend of a friend of mine. I knew mand or scientists on demand. If we do University to discuss this stem cell re- him through his residency. Now he is a not act now, we are going to be dis- search. I wanted to be sure I was on the young doctor, married, with three chil- couraging very important research and right track: sound science, good, solid dren. His whole field is diabetes. He is wonderful young people from going ethical frameworks. I said to the sci- so eager to do this juvenile diabetic re- into this field. entists: Tell me what you are doing search. He has already started it. He is Every year we wait, we fall 3 years and tell me what impedes you now already good at it. Gosh, maybe he behind in our research—another time working under the Bush framework? could win the Nobel prize one day. But where a patient might have been saved, Well, they gave me an earful. First, guess what. There is not the money for a family might not have had to watch it is inspirational—inspirational—in the young scientist. Also, with the a loved one suffer, and also where we what they are doing in pediatric leu- very shackling of what goes on now in would not have to watch our great kemia, in juvenile diabetes, in multiple these so-called Bush lines, with these ideas going somewhere else. sclerosis. Also, to give an example, in ideological guidelines, they cannot do Stem cell research is very important talking to Dr. Doug Kerr, he is working the research. He has to think hard to the American people. It is very im- now through stem cells—yes, it is with about whether he wants to continue his portant to Maryland. It is very impor- paralyzed rats—to not only regenerate life dream of finding a cure for juvenile tant to me. I am a firm, clear, un- the spinal cord but to have those cells diabetes. abashed supporter of expanded stem connect to muscle so not only for You see, this man has devoted his life cell research and, at the same time, whether you are regenerating spinal to getting ready to do this, and now his that this research be conducted under cords that have been injured or sev- own Government is stopping him—not the strictest bioethical standards. That ered, but also to connect the muscle so because he is not smart, not because is why I like S. 5. This legislation is you could walk again. That was the we do not have the will, but because we based on sound cellular biology science dream of Christopher Reeve. But that have too much ideology and too little and also good, sound ethical principles. is the dream of every paraplegic right money in the wallet. This legislation is so important not now—whether it has come from a div- We have a President who has given us because legislation is important but ing accident, if you are an athlete, or a framework where research has one because it opens more opportunity to whether you have been injured in Iraq hand behind its back. Scientists have do stem cell research. What does that or Afghanistan. been prohibited from doing new stem mean? It means that currently the ex- Don’t we want Dr. Kerr to do what he cell research. isting law under President Bush re- is doing now and to be able to extend Six years ago, the President re- stricts stem cell research to adult that? But they do not get the clinical stricted Federal funds for embryonic cells, to some vague 21 lines that are trials because they are restricted in stem cell research. What did it do? It becoming tired and toxic. But under the types of cells they can use. created an unregulated atmosphere. our legislation, it would open it up to So we saw a cornucopia, again, of op- The result was federally funded stem embryonic stem cell research where portunity there. But I said to the docs cell research was halted almost en- embryos are garnered that are dis- at Hopkins: Why can’t we do this with tirely. Stem cell research was done by carded in in vitro processes in which private or State funds? They said: Sen- private entities. A private entity has the donors themselves have to make ator MIKULSKI, you have to have a na- no Federal bioethical standards. that informed choice. tional framework. First, that is where Mr. President, like you, I am a sun- What does this do, though? Well, I you get your bioethical guidelines. It is shine person. I believe you should have will tell you, stem cell research is the done not while there is one set of research conducted in the sunshine. kind of research that could find a cure guidelines for States that can afford re- That is where you have compliance for Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, dis- search and that there is another set of with bioethical standards. That is why eases of the brain and the immune sys- guidelines for those States that can’t. we need to have the kind of national tem, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord Also, there is not enough in private framework where everybody goes by injury. Imagine if scientists could find philanthropic funds to be able to do the same rules, at the same time, in a cure for Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, this. the same way. Without national stand- or if they cannot find a cure, to be able Private funds function like venture ards, research will be done by the well- to regenerate new kinds of brain cells capital. But at the same time, what heeled, outside of the public eye, with to give people a cognitive or func- happens with States? Maryland is now no national scrutiny. This is where I tioning stretchout. Think about the in a bidding war with our $25 million fear dark and ghoulish things can impact on families, but also think against California. We have scientists occur. about the impact on our nursing home who are leaving Maryland to go to I acknowledge the validity of some of budget. California. Hats off to them. But also, the concerns raised by colleagues. But Think about research in juvenile dia- then, we have scientists in Maryland as long as you shove it underground, as betes, type 1 diabetes, where little chil- and California who are leaving the long as you shove it behind closed dren, every day—whether they are 5 or country because they can do work in doors, then you are going to get either 9 or 11—have to be testing their blood Sweden or Singapore that they cannot faulty research or very bad ethics. sugar. They cannot eat the way other do in their own country. These are I believe the legislation pending will kids do. They have to watch how they American scientists who want to do remove the restrictions imposed by the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8663 President. It will provide the ethical nificant medical, scientific, and per- University Medical School in St. Louis and medical framework we need for sonal importance. Today, my col- detail that this false claim originates federally funded stem cell research. It leagues and I have the opportunity to from David Prentice of the Family Re- will create strong ethical guidelines. support research which will result in search Council. Mr. Prentice asserts Most of all, it will ensure that we now lifesaving cures, research which allevi- that there were over 1,000 ongoing clin- open the opportunity for even greater ates pain and suffering, and research ical trials of adult stem cell therapies. and more expanded stem cell research which improves the quality of life of A review of the record at the NIH Web so scientists will now have access to millions of Americans. I am speaking site that tracks clinical trials, how- new, fresh stem cell lines which they about research which will provide some ever, showed that Mr. Prentice grossly now do not. of the most significant medical ad- misinterpreted the data. He searched What does it mean? Well, I can tell vances we have ever seen in the history the database for any entry containing you what it means. It means for the of mankind. the word ‘‘stem’’ and counted items United States of America we have Of course, I am speaking in the such as ‘‘brain stem,’’ ‘‘system,’’ and heard what the voters said in Novem- strongest support of S. 5, the Stem Cell ‘‘stem from,’’ which is a verb. There ber. They said: Change the direction of Research Enhancement Act. I thank were numerous other errors and omis- the country. Change the priorities. my distinguished colleagues, Senators sions that served as the basis for this Come back home, America. Remember HARKIN, HATCH, KENNEDY, and SPECTER, claim. In fact, there are only a handful what America is. We are the land of the for the leadership they have offered on of clinical trials with adult stem cells, free, the home of the brave, and of dis- embryonic stem cell research legisla- and only nine conditions have adult covery. Let’s go for it. tion over the last several years. stem cell treatments that are approved Mr. President, I yield the floor. In my short time in the Senate, I by the FDA. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have had the occasion to speak and In addition, as the Senator from Iowa ator from Iowa. vote on numerous matters of signifi- so eloquently outlined yesterday, most Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I thank cant national importance, but not scientists and patient advocacy groups the Senator from Maryland for her every day do we have the opportunity agree that adult stem cell research is very eloquent statement and for her to vote to heal the sick. Today, we not a substitute for embryonic stem strong support of hope and health and have a chance to set aside partisan pol- cell research. All research is good, but healing, as encompassed in S. 5. itics and support legislation that aims we cannot substitute an inferior form Mr. President, while I wait the ar- to improve the quality of life for tens of research for the type of research rival of our next speaker, I want to of millions of Americans. It is a noble that holds the most promise for these point out that time and time again I cause and one that reminds me of how elusive cures. hear those who are opposed to S. 5 use proud I am to represent Missouri in the Many organs do not have adult stem the phrase that they are opposed to Senate. cells, and adult stem cells and cord funds being used for the destruction of Who would oppose such a cause, and stem cells are not pluripotent. That embryos. Earlier today I had corrected what would their reasons be for such means they don’t have the ability em- one Senator who said that. I said: Show opposition? The opponents of embry- bryonic stem cells do to develop into me in the bill where it is. Well, then onic stem cell research attack it on any type of cell, and therefore their use other Senators—the Senator from Kan- multiple fronts—public opinion, sci- is limited. sas and others—have gotten up and entific fact, and moral grounds—and Claim: Tumors are a necessary prod- talked about not using money for the the war against embryonic stem cell uct of implanting embryonic stem destruction of embryos. research is fought in our communities, cells. The truth: Tumors will only de- I challenge anyone, any Senator to in the media, and today in this Con- velop if undifferentiated stem cells are come and take S. 5 and show me any- gress. Unfortunately, the casualties are injected into mice. Undifferentiated where in there where there is one dime the medical researchers and doctors cells are those which have not devel- used for the destruction of embryos. It who want nothing more than to cure oped into their final state. For exam- is not there. I get the feeling that a diseases. That is all they want. They ple, a cell that has not developed into misrepresentation repeated and re- have no grand scheme. There is no big its final state is a blood cell or a bone peated somehow seems to take hold so money here. We are talking about cur- cell or a nerve cell. In fact, tumor for- that people say: Well, there must be ing diseases. Ultimately, the casualties mation is exactly how scientists deter- money for the destruction of embryos are the patients who would benefit mine that a cell is pluripotent—in in this bill. There is not. That is cov- from those cures. other words, able to develop into a ered by the Dickey-Wicker amendment My greatest disappointment in this multitude of different types of cells. which pertains to appropriations bills, debate has been the numerous inac- However, nobody is suggesting that un- and I am an appropriator, and that is curate statements made in this Cham- differentiated stem cells be injected covered there. So none of this money is ber by opponents of embryonic stem into humans. The FDA has monitored used for the destruction of an embryo. cell research. Because this issue was on this question, and there is no evidence All it is used for is for the research on the ballot in Missouri last year, I had that cells differentiated from embry- stem cells that have been derived, the opportunity to learn a great deal onic stem cells cause tumors. which is what is being done today, by about this field during the months we Claim: The 21 viable embryonic stem the way—which are derived. Now, those campaigned for the U.S. Senate, as this cell lines we have currently funded are derivations can come from private en- issue was debated in great detail across plenty. It is sufficient. The truth: As tities or State sponsored or wherever, my State. Let me talk about a few of Dr. John Gearhart told the Committee maybe some international, maybe for- the misrepresentations that have been on Aging, the federally approved lines eign countries—wherever. But none of made in this debate. are not genetically diverse, meaning the money here in our bill, S. 5, can be Claim: Adult stem cell research and we don’t have the cell lines needed that used for the destruction of an embryo, stem cells derived from umbilical cord will allow us to fully utilize this vital period. If anyone says so, please come blood and amniotic fluid are adequate research. Importantly, minorities are and show us where it is in the bill that and we don’t need embryonic stem cell the greatest affected group due to the says that. research and there are 72 adult stem lack of genetic diversity in these cell Mr. President, I see the distinguished cell treatments for human diseases. lines. In addition, many of the feder- Senator from Missouri is here. I yield The truth: In the medical journal ally approved lines are contaminated 15 minutes to the Senator from Mis- Science, July of 2006, Dr. William with mouse feeder cells. Finally, some souri. Neaves of the Stowers Institute for of these cell lines are involved in pro- Mrs. MCCASKILL. Mr. President, I Medical Research in Kansas City and prietary arguments and are not avail- rise to speak today on a matter of sig- Dr. Steven Teitelbaum of Washington able for research purposes. Asking

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 America’s scientists to work with only currently being used for embryonic position on these issues due to his faith 21 viable embryonic stem cell lines is stem cell research might not even meet and upbringing, but in the end, upon hamstringing them and impeding this the strict guidelines that are contained reflection and studying the Bible, he important progress. in this legislation. concluded that embryonic stem cell re- Claim: This legislation will use tax Families all across America are search is morally and ethically accept- dollars to fund destruction of human using medical research to participate able. embryos. The truth: Each year, Con- in the miracle of birth. I will close with Dr. Neaves’ words: gress attaches the Dickey-Wicker Fact: The process of using medical Two elements have been pivotal in forming amendment to the Labor-HHS appro- research to enhance the likelihood of my belief. The first is the biological fact priations bill stating that no Federal pregnancy produces an excess of eggs. I that in normal human reproduction, most funds can be used to destroy human have heard no claims to the contrary blastocysts, or embryos, perish rather than embryos. That has not changed. This because that is the fact. implant in the uterus. The second is Eccle- siastes 11:5 in the English Standard Bible: bill simply allows Federal funds to be Fact: Thousands of these eggs are As you do not know the way the spirit used to study stem cell lines that are going to be destroyed. I have heard a comes to the bones in the womb of a woman derived from human embryos that oth- lot of claims in this Chamber, but no with child, so you do not know the work of erwise would have been discarded. How one is arguing with a straight face that God who makes everything. many times do we need to say it: ‘‘that the process of producing eggs for in Many people of faith believe that research otherwise would have been discarded.’’ vitro fertilization does not produce with embryonic stem cells represents a per- Not a dime of Federal money will fund thousands of excess eggs. fectly moral means of fulfilling the biblical Fact: Thousands of these eggs are mandate to heal the sick. Other people of the destruction of human embryos. faith disagree. Should Federal policy dis- Claim: If embryonic stem cell re- going to be destroyed. It is just that qualify a field of research from competing search was such a promising field, it simple. for Federal funds because some Christians should have produced hundreds of cures Here is the question. This is the ques- object to it? As a Christian who supports this by now. Over 30 years of research into tion of the day: Is it better to use these research, I certainly hope not. embryonic stem cells has proved fruit- eggs to save lives as opposed to throw- I yield the floor. less. The truth: The first of human em- ing them away? It really boils down to Mr. HARKIN. I thank the Senator bryonic stem cells were not isolated that. Ultimately, if some of our col- from Missouri for a very eloquent and until 1998, and research with embryonic leagues say it is wrong to use these poignant statement. I know the Sen- stem cells was not awarded Federal eggs to save lives, then surely these ator mentioned that recently she came funding until 2002. That was only 5 same colleagues must believe it is off a campaign in Missouri. I know years ago. To put this in context, from wrong to throw them away. Where is that, in listening to her statement, she the first research into a vaccine for their legislation outlawing their de- is reflecting the wishes and hopes of so polio, over 20 years passed before doc- struction? In other words, where is many people in her own State who tors first developed the first effective their legislation outlawing in vitro fer- want to make sure we move ahead and polio vaccine. Hundreds of Nobel laure- tilization? Because inherent in that find cures and treatments. I thank her ates agree that embryonic stem cell re- process is the destruction of human for her eloquence and for her forthright search has great potential for devel- embryos. statement on behalf of embryonic stem oping cures, but this will take both I come from Missouri, where we say cell research. funding and time. The NIH has pro- what we think and we mean what we Mr. President, I now yield 10 minutes vided over half a billion dollars each say. Two of Missouri’s finest and most to the distinguished Senator from Col- year in Federal funding for stem cell respected leaders have spoken quite orado. research since fiscal year 2003, but only eloquently on the subject of embryonic The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- a small fraction of those funds has stem cell research. ator from Colorado is recognized. gone to embryonic stem cell research. Senator John Danforth, a former Re- Mr. SALAZAR. Mr. President, I rise Claim: There are inadequate ethical publican Member of this body, strongly today to discuss the question currently guidelines in S. 5. In fact, this proposed supported the stem cell initiative that before the Senate regarding whether to legislation has tougher ethical guide- was put successfully before voters in allow Federal funding for embryonic lines than those which currently exist. Missouri in 2006. An Episcopalian min- stem cell research. Let me start out This legislation provides the ethical ister, Senator Danforth voted many my remarks, first, by acknowledging framework we need for this legislation. times in this Chamber as a Senator Senator HARKIN and the great work he This proposed legislation makes sure who believed that abortion should not has done in this field. It is beyond a that, first, the only embryos that can be legal in this country. An Episcopa- doubt that he is an expert on embry- be used are those which are created for lian minister, Senator Danforth has onic stem cell research, one of our na- fertility treatments and which are in also worked through the moral and tional leading experts in terms of excess of the clinical need and would be ethical issues he had with embryonic health care, and having been an advo- discarded; second, there must be writ- stem cell research. When asked about cate in that area, he is recognized ten, informed consent from the donors; the equality of a multicelled embryo in across this country. I admire his work third, donors can receive no financial a petri dish and the life of a human on this legislation, as well as the work reward for their donations. child suffering from a debilitating dis- that has been put into this legislation These two facts are important to me ease, he put it in context by asking by a number of colleagues, including as I listened to the misinformation simply: If a house were on fire and you many on the Republican side of the about the way we are going to subject had to make the choice, would you res- aisle who have joined this bipartisan women to egg-harvesting and this cue a petri dish or a 3-year-old child? coalition to make stem cell research a rampant practice of selling eggs on the Doctor William Neaves is the presi- reality for the people of America. open market. Both of those things are dent of the Stowers Institute for Med- At the end of the day, S. 5 is about prohibited in this legislation. Donors ical Research in Kansas City, one of hope—about hope for over 1 million cannot receive financial reward for the finest research institutions in the Americans who today suffer from the their donations, and it has to be only Nation. One of the most spiritual and trembling caused by Parkinson’s dis- eggs that would otherwise be discarded. thoughtful men I have known, Dr. ease. It is about hope for the over 1 Fourth, the Director of the National Neaves has studied the moral and eth- million people in America who suffer Institutes of Health must issue guide- ical implications of in vitro fertiliza- from Alzheimer’s disease. It is about lines 60 days after the enactment of tion and stem cell research over the hope for the 17 million Americans who this legislation. last 25 years with his wife, who is also suffer from diabetes, including the Finally, it is interesting to note that a bioethicist and an ordained Meth- hope that we should be giving to those some of the 21 stem cell lines that are odist minister. He struggled with his young people who are suffering from

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8665 juvenile diabetes and have to look at a before the Senate today represents a Stem cell research is the key to hope life of dealing with the difficulties of measured, responsible step toward tap- for 100 million Americans and their that illness. It is about hope for the ping into the vast potential that em- families who suffer from debilitating more than 64 million Americans who bryonic stem cell research has with re- diseases. Talk about it any way you today suffer from one or more forms of spect to finding cures for Alzheimer’s, want, spin it any way you want, talk heart disease. So the debate on the Parkinson’s, diabetes and a wide range about all these alternatives; the bot- floor today is, in fact, about the hope of other devastating diseases. tom line is very simple: A ‘‘no’’ vote is and aspirations of all Americans, in- In millions of cases, this legislation a vote against science, a vote against cluding people, many of whom are re- could mean the difference between a the millions who are anxiously await- lated to Members in this Chamber normal life and one of pain and suf- ing a cure for diabetes, Alzheimer’s, today. fering. In millions of other cases, it Parkinson’s, spinal cord injuries and Scientists in America agree that, could mean the difference between life other diseases and injuries. without a doubt, embryonic stem cell and death. And by authorizing Federal Unfortunately, we all know someone research holds great potential for cur- funding only for research on embryonic with a disease such as diabetes, heart ing these and other diseases. It is re- stem cells that will never become disease, Parkinson’s, ALS or cancer markable that against the conclusive human life and that are donated will- who could benefit from embryonic determination of the scientific commu- ingly, it achieves its objectives without stem cell research. Every one of us has nity, we have the Federal Government destroying the potential for life. looked into the eyes of somebody who in a position where it is actively with- To be sure, support from private needs help—in my case, a young moth- holding the financial support that is funds for this research has been wel- er with a little girl about 5 years old needed to carry on this very important come. But it is simply not enough. I who had juvenile diabetes who said: research for America. That is not the have heard from scores of scientists in Senator, the doctors tell me the odds American way. The American way is to my home State of Colorado—working are high that my child could be blind open new doors of hope. We ought to be in university labs as we speak, trying at age 20 if we don’t do embryonic stem opening new doors of hope as well with to find cures for our most devastating cell research. How can we say no to the passage of this legislation later diseases—who tell me that the Federal that mother and to that child? Sci- today. funding this legislation would author- entists are on the cusp of making in- The reason that scientists are so ex- ize would boost their capabilities expo- credible progress through stem cell re- cited about the potential of embryonic nentially. search, a process that has the potential stem cell research—and the reason that In addition to the practical impact to cure diseases that have been with us this kind of research may hold the cure on American laboratories, however, for centuries, such as diabetes and for a whole host of diseases—is that there is something else to consider. I heart disease. embryonic stem cells have the poten- can think of no other Nation that When their progress was stalled in tial to become virtually any kind of should lead this research with strict 2001 when President Bush limited feder- cell in the human body, such as brain guidelines than the United States. ally funded stem cell research to only cells, heart cells, or cells that produce Throughout our Nation’s history, 19 sources that are truly viable, every insulin. America has been the leader in making family who had hope was set back. The difficult part of embryonic stem monumental scientific strides that With that Executive order, the Presi- cell research for scientists is control- have made life easier and better for dent shut the door on hope for all those ling the process by which embryonic people in our country and all over the families. stem cells become other, more special- world. In a field with such great prom- With that one action, the President ized kinds of cells. Much more research ise, and at a time where American not only stopped current research in into that process is needed. To quote a competitiveness is at the forefront of its tracks, he sent a message to future document prepared by the National In- the Congressional agenda, I believe we scientists that they should not pursue stitutes of Health, ‘‘the promise of must once again be the global leader. this line of work. stem cell therapies is an exciting one, Mr. President, I want to be clear that As they see a limited funding stream but significant technical hurdles re- I also believe we should promote alter- for the work they do, fewer and fewer main that will only be overcome native methods of creating embryonic graduates are specializing in this type through years of intensive research.’’ stem cells. For that reason, I strongly of research, and those who are deeply The Federal funding this legislation support the other proposal that is cur- committed to it tend to go overseas. authorizes will provide a critical boost rently before the Senate, S. 30, which That is not a great America—an Amer- to that effort. would intensify research into these al- ica that turns its back on science and Mr. President, like millions of other ternative methods. puts politics in its place. We want all American families, my family has been I yield the floor. the best minds in the country to be touched by the ache of loss brought Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how working together to find a cure for about by Alzheimer’s disease. My fa- much time do we have remaining? these debilitating diseases. ther died of complications related to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- S. 5 would answer the prayers of mil- the disease only a few years ago. At the ator from Iowa has 37 minutes. lions of families. It would increase the end of his life, I wanted nothing more Mr. HARKIN. I yield until 3:45 to the number of stem cell lines that can be than to be able to help ease his suf- Senator from New York, Senator SCHU- used by researchers who are funded by fering. Now, as I reflect on that dif- MER. Federal grants. ficult time, I think of the families that Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, first, I These stem cell lines are not made are currently enduring the same pain rise in strong and profound praise of from new embryos that would be cre- mine did, and I want to help them. my colleague from Iowa. He has led ated for the purpose of research. They I trust the vast majority of the sci- this fight dauntlessly, always being would not be harvested from women, entific community that believes em- both dogged and smart. That is why we like some people think. These lines bryonic stem cell research may hold are where we are today. would be made from leftover embryos the key to the cures these families are I rise in support of S. 5, the Stem Cell created by couples who were trying to seeking. I also believe that our Govern- Research Enhancement Act. Today, as conceive through in vitro fertilization ment can work to promote this science we stand on the brink of scientific but are not used and are going to be de- responsibly by paving the way for breakthroughs, we cannot let politics stroyed. With passage of this bill, those treatments that will save millions of pull us backward. A modern nation embryos could contribute to critical lives without destroying others. loses its greatness, its preeminence, research instead of being thrown away. Toward that end, I believe the legis- when it turns its back on science. That Let’s think about the good that hav- lation passed by Congress last year and is what history has shown. ing these new stem cells could do by

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 looking at juvenile diabetes. As many around the world for the creativity it reaffirming how we as a society view as 3 million Americans have Type I dia- represents and the results it has so the embryo and its function. betes, with over 13,000 children newly often provided. Every year, within our appropria- diagnosed each year. These children From time to time, however, there is tions bills, we make a judgment about must be injected with insulin multiple a breakthrough—or possible break- how we want to treat embryos—the times each day and prick their fingers through—in medical science that has very beginning of human life. The to test their blood sugar as many as six the potential to revolutionize not only Dickey-Wicker amendment is clear. times a day. our ability to diagnose or treat an af- Federal dollars cannot be used for cre- That doesn’t have to be the reality fliction but our basic understanding of ating human embryos for research pur- forever. Researchers have already dem- how the human body operates. When poses or for research in which a human onstrated they can produce insulin-pro- that occurs, a debate ensues as society embryo or embryos are destroyed, dis- ducing cells from undifferentiated em- attempts to evaluate the new proce- carded, or knowingly subjected to the bryonic stem cells. This has the real dure’s potential to address the diseases risk of injury or death greater than potential to develop a cure for juvenile that threaten our health as well as the that allowed for research on fetuses in diabetes, providing relief to the 3 mil- ethics of putting the new procedures utero. Therefore, every year, as part of lion Americans and their families who into practice. the appropriations process, we reaffirm are burdened with the implications of Such a possible breakthrough is stem that science must be guided by moral the disease every day. cell research. At present, its promise values, and our values as a society Without being able to use Federal and potential for changing the way we compel us to place certain limits on funding for their research, innovative view health and disease seems limit- the pursuit of science. Today’s debate stem cell research is being relegated less. In theory, stem cells may be capa- will consider whether our values as a more and more to only those individ- ble of doing everything we can possibly society compel us to maintain certain uals and institutions that can afford it. imagine—and more. Unfortunately, limits on taxpayer funding of embry- Because NIH-funded research activi- there is often a wide gap between what onic stem cell research. ties have to be housed in different is possible in theory and what is prac- Without question, science must be buildings from stem cell research labs, tical and possible in the real world. guided by morality. There have been which has created enormous headaches What the future of stem cells will be no too many instances over the course of and financial barriers for researchers one knows for certain. Still, the possi- human history in which terrible things in my State of New York and has ham- bilities are more than intriguing and have been done in the name of science. pered both research on stem cells and certainly worth an in-depth look. Scientific exploration is important and research using other methods, unless The research that has been conducted we should do everything we can to fur- we vote yes on S. 5, we are not going to into stem cells so far has been so excit- ther our knowledge of ourselves and make progress. ing because of the very nature of these our world, but not at the expense of This bill would provide enormous cells. Stem cells have the capacity to disregarding the moral viewpoints of hope to growing numbers of Americans. renew themselves and then become spe- millions of Americans who don’t be- It would accelerate the movement to- cialized cells. Most of the cells that are lieve their taxes should pay for some- ward a cure for devastating diseases, in the body are created and committed thing they find abhorrent. while strengthening the rules on ethics to performing a specific function. A In determining how to proceed, we of that must be involved in this research. stem cell remains ‘‘on the fence,’’ how- course must consider the promise of This is one of those issues that hits ever, uncommitted until it is given a stem cell research. But in considering home more than anything else. Every- signal by the body to develop into a that promise, we must make it clear one knows a mother with Alzheimer’s specialized cell. that while stem cells may someday or a neighbor with diabetes. They are That ability to change and become a lead to therapeutic advancements for gut-wrenching situations. cell that can be used almost anywhere devastating diseases like Alzheimer’s, What is most heartbreaking is to in the body has fascinated scientists diabetes, Parkinson’s, leukemia, and think the President’s first veto was to who are studying the ability of the spinal cord injuries, that day has not stop us from alleviating all this ter- body to repair itself through the use of come yet. That is why we must be care- rible pain. I urge my colleagues to look using these ‘‘uncommitted’’ cells. ful not to oversell the promise of this into the eyes of a young child with ju- We have all heard the saying—you research to the American people be- venile diabetes, look into the eyes of a don’t have to be a weatherman to know cause this field of research has not yet middle-aged couple who has a parent which way the wind is blowing. In this resulted in human clinical trials. Every suffering from Alzheimer’s. Don’t say case, however, you really do need a reputable scientist will admit that any no to them. strong background in science to under- possible cure or advanced treatment I yield the floor, and I yield the re- stand fully the specifics of stem cell re- using embryonic stem cells are many mainder of my time back to the Sen- search and its implications for the fu- years away. There are currently no ator from Iowa. ture. Fortunately, we are not here to cures waiting to be plucked off labora- Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, throughout predict the impact stem cells will have tory shelves after our votes on these the history of our Nation, generations on our health care system in the years bills. of American scientists have looked for to come. We are here to make a deter- So, while the research provides great ways to improve the human condition mination as to the wisdom of using hope for millions of Americans, at this and address the problem of disease and taxpayer dollars to finance additional point, the full benefits have not yet the afflictions of old age. Working in work in this area—and then pick the been realized. They fire our imagina- labs either spartan or spacious, they best vehicle to support it. There is a tion as we consider the possibilities have toiled together over the years to big difference. that may or may not come to pass. find cures for the health conditions In debating and voting on the two Whether embryonic stem cells will ful- that continue to plague mankind. bills before us today, we are not mak- fill their promise someday is still very As they conducted their research, ing a judgment about the science itself, much in question, and much work is al- each scientist’s work built on the dis- as others have stated. Rather, we are ready ongoing to see whether we can coveries that preceded it, and the re- making a judgment about whether that get an answer. sults they achieved over the years have science should be supported by tax- In this context, I want to further dis- enabled us to live longer, healthier, payer dollars. We are deciding the ap- cuss S. 5, the Stem Cell Research En- more productive lives. The list of med- propriate moral construct for the work hancement Act of 2007. A similar bill ical miracles and marvels that have of those key scientists in manipulating was passed the House on January 11, come from their work has made the and possibly even destroying the basic 2007, by a vote of 253 to 174. S. 5 would phrase ‘‘American ingenuity’’ known building blocks of human life. We are allow additional research on embryos

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8667 from in vitro fertilization procedures, parameters of President Bush’s policy. these embryos are ‘‘excess’’ and will be under some limited circumstances. Let those efforts continue, while we destroyed anyway. I firmly believe that However, even in these rather limited continue working in Congress to sup- we cannot create a human life and then circumstances, I must oppose S. 5, be- port stem cell research that doesn’t in- destroy it in order to save a life. Ethi- cause the limits it imposes on tax- volve harming or destroying an em- cally, it is unjustifiable. payer-funded science do not respect the bryo, which is something that the vast In fact, it is important to remember moral value of a human embryo. It majority of Americans could support. that embryonic stem cell research is does not fully recognize our decision Mr. BUNNING. Mr. President, I not illegal. There are just limitations within Dickey-Wicker and other con- would like to take a few minutes to on the Federal funding for it. Anyone texts to treat the human embryo as talk about the two bills before us today can conduct embryonic stem cell re- more than simply material for sci- dealing with stem cell research. search. They just have to live by the entific research. One of these bills is wrong, while the federal regulations or rely on other The supporters of this bill will ac- other offers us a chance to advance sci- sources of money. knowledge that it does not limit re- entific research using stem cells while The other bill we are considering search to human embryos that are cur- still protecting the sanctity of life. today, S. 30, the Hope Offered Through rently frozen but extends the window Stem cell research remains a con- Principled and Ethical Stem Cell Re- for that research well into the future. troversial issue in the medical, sci- search Act, offers us an opportunity to By doing so, the bill creates an incen- entific and religious communities as further stem cell research in an mor- tive for the creation of embryos solely well as in Congress. In fact, just last ally defensible manner. The bill would for research purposes. This is contrary July, we were debating this very topic, allow stem cells to be derived from em- to what Congress reaffirms within the and here we are again today. bryos that die naturally, and reinforces Dickey-Wicker language each year. I am not opposed to stem cell re- the current policy that federally fund- And, although the bill prohibits fi- search. I believe that many forms of ed research should not involve destroy- nancial and other inducements for the stem cell research offer great hope to ing or discarding embryos. parents of the embryo, it does not millions of Americans suffering from This bill provides access to embry- eliminate financial or other induce- various diseases, including research onic stem cells, but protects human ments for the clinics and doctors that using adult and umbilical cord stem life and avoids the ethical pitfalls of S. create the embryos. Thus, it does not cells. We are already seeing medical 5. It seems to me that we should all be eliminate the financial incentives for advances in this type of research. In able to support this bill. It places rea- in vitro fertilization clinics to create fact, adult stem cells have proven ef- sonable restrictions on additional em- more embryos than are absolutely nec- fective in combating several serious bryonic stem cell research, while also protecting human life. I urge my col- essary to help parents conceive a child. conditions, such as diabetes and spinal leagues to support this bill. This loophole will further erode the cord injury. No one likes to see people with med- congressional prohibition through Also, just recently in the papers, sci- ical conditions suffer, and like many Dickey-Wicker against the creation of entists announced that amniotic fluid Americans my family and friends have may be a promising source of stem human embryos solely for research certainly been stricken with terrible purposes. cells. This shows we have a lot to learn diseases over the years. However, we I am not opposed to embryonic stem about stem cells. are at an ethical crossroads with this cell research, but I am opposed to the I am 100 percent opposed to embry- issue, and we must stay true to our val- provisions of S. 5. I would welcome the onic stem cell research, however. This ues of respecting life. opportunity to debate amendments to is why I will be voting against S. 5, the It seems foolish to barrel ahead with the bill, but the agreement that gov- Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act Federal funding for embryonic stem erns our debate does not permit amend- of 2007. cell research as S. 5 does, when other ments. And, without an opportunity to This bill would remove all current alternatives are available that offer amend S. 5, I have no choice but to protections against the destructive use real hope to patients and promise in re- vote against it. of embryos for harvesting embryos for search. However, I will support alternatives, stem cells. I believe it is morally In closing, I firmly believe that we such as the Isakson-Coleman bill, so wrong to take embryos in the early cannot create life and then destroy it, that we can allow greater Federal sup- stages of life and destroy them, even even if to save another life. I urge my port for embryonic stem cell research. for research purposes. We should pro- colleagues to vote against S. 5, and I believe we can and should unite be- tect human life—not destroy it. vote for S. 30. hind a bill that respects the diversity Back in 2001, the Bush administra- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise of our views on human embryos, but tion began allowing Federal funding for today in opposition to S. 5, the Stem still pushes the science forward. The embryonic stem cell research on a lim- Cell Research Enhancement Act of Isakson-Coleman legislation is such a ited number of stem cell lines that 2007. Although I am not opposed to bill. were already in existence. As an oppo- stem cell research and in fact enthu- A vote for or against S. 5 is not a nent of the destruction of human em- siastically support some types of stem vote for or against scientific advances. bryos, I opposed the Bush administra- cell research, I cannot support this bill. After all, if we truly trust science, we tion decision to allow some embryonic This is a very difficult vote for me to ought to give science a chance to solve stem cell lines to be used for Federal cast. I have spent a considerable this dilemma over embryonic stem cell research. amount of time thinking about the research. As outlined by the report However, S. 5 goes even further than issue of Federal funding for stem cell from the President’s Council on Bio- the current policy by removing the research involving the destruction of ethics, researchers are exploring at current limitations set by the Presi- embryos. Over the last several years, least five different ways by which we dent on federally funded embryonic scientific developments in human ge- can create stem cell lines without stem cell research. The bill allows Fed- netics have been proceeding at a rapid harming or destroying embryos. If eral funds to be used for this type of re- pace. This kind of research has the po- these researchers are successful, then search on embryos created for fertility tential to be very helpful in the under- the arguments against Federal funding treatments. standing of human development and of embryonic stem cell research will This is the wrong direction for us to the treatment of human diseases. How- fall away. go. It is immoral for us to conduct ever, this type of research also raises Further, States and private research medical research on these budding serious ethical and public policy ques- organizations are already plowing bil- lives, and American taxpayers should tions that must be confronted. What lions of dollars into human embryonic not be forced to pay for this type of re- limits do we place on research with stem cell research that goes beyond the search. Some people have argued that human embryos?

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8668 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 Experimentation with embryonic derstand the need for research and sci- tate the collection and dissemination stem cells is considered by some to be entific advancement. Current law does of two of the most promising cat- a revolution in medical research. Many not prohibit any sort of stem cell re- egories of adult stem cells: those de- in the medical, public and scientific search. In fact, all forms of stem cell rived from bone marrow and those de- communities believe that embryonic research have flourished under current rived from umbilical cord blood. Based stem cell research could lead to the law. on reports in the media over the past 2 cure for such sicknesses as Parkinson’s I can not and will not support legisla- weeks, I would say this bill has been a disease, Alzheimer’s and diabetes. How- tion that would drive abortion. There- success. ever, human embryos must be de- fore I cannot support S. 5. This legisla- For example, the New York Times re- stroyed in order to derive embryonic tion would allow for Federal dollars to ported on a coming revolution to stem cells and this is where my ethical be used to incentivize the further de- sports medicine from adult stem cells dilemma arises. struction of human embryos for re- that could be able to heal and rehabili- It is my deeply held and personal be- search purposes. I do not support this tate tendons, ligaments, muscle and lief that an embryo is an actual living use of Federal funds. I will not oppose cartilage. being; it is not merely a potential liv- private industry from doing embryonic More significantly, ABC News re- ing human being. The possibility of stem cell research, but it would be very ported that adult stem cells are being helping those who are sick may be a irresponsible to use Federal taxpayer shown to be useful in repairing dam- very powerful motivation, but I strong- dollars to fund such a contentious aged heart muscle. While this has been ly believe that human embryos deserve issue. known for some time in other coun- the same respect as any other human Science is advancing. Over the past tries, U.S. doctors and scientists are being and it is never morally or ethi- weeks and months research using adult now embarking on the first human cally justified to kill one human being stem cells has had many break- clinical trials. This may turn out to be in order to help benefit another. It is throughs. The use of amniotic fluid and one of the most significant break- for this reason that I cannot support placental stem cells has much of the throughs in recent history for treating the use of human embryonic material same potential that embryonic stem the most deadly disease in the United for research even if it has the potential cells have, but they are not as con- States—heart disease—which last year to save others. I cannot accept the di- troversial. S. 30 provides resources to claimed the lives of almost 500,000 minished status of the human embryo further research in the area of adult Americans. in order to justify their destruction in stem cell research. Because of the em- What’s more, a recent study con- the course of research solely because phasis on adult stem cell research, I ducted by the Wake Forest University they may theoretically provide poten- support S. 30 and will vote in favor of School of Medicine promisingly re- tial benefits for another human being S. 30 later today. sulted in scientists harvesting stem sometime in the future. I not only understand the need for cells from amniotic fluid, which is the I want to make it clear that my eth- scientific advancement, but also for fluid that surrounds a baby before it is ical problem is not with the research ethical boundaries. We should not be born. These amniotic stem cells offer itself but rather with the destruction using Federal dollars to drive abortion, many of the benefits found in embry- of embryos. I believe there is potential when there are alternative opportuni- onic stem cells, and without its ethical for advances in stem cell research that ties for scientific advancement that complications, demonstrating just how does not involve the moral dilemma of are not as contentious. much faster science is moving than destroying an embryo in the process. It Mr. KYL. Mr. President, we live in an politics. Those researchers at Wake is for this reason that I support S. 30, age when medical miracles are occur- Forest found that amniotic-fluid stem The Hope Offered through Principled ring every day, many in my home cells proved successful in producing and Ethical Stem Cell Research, HOPE, State of Arizona. Breakthroughs are bone, heart muscles, fat, nerve, and Act. treating and curing children and adults liver tissues. All of this was possible The HOPE Act will advance alternate who could have died from their diseases without destroying the nascent life in forms of stem cell research by inten- just a few years ago. And some of these an embryo. sifying research on methods that do cures and treatments are the result of By contrast, embryonic stem cell ex- not involve the destruction of human stem cell research. periments have not yielded any treat- embryos. This bill instructs the Sec- For example, thanks to the Cord ments for human patients. Neverthe- retary of Health and Human Services Blood Registry located in Tucson, chil- less, researchers believe there is much to develop techniques for the isolation, dren and adults are being treated, and potential there, so a great deal of pri- derivation, production, and testing of often cured, of once terminal diseases vate and public money has been raised stem cells, provided that such tech- such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, cer- to pursue it. niques do not involve the creation of ebral palsy, and sickle-cell anemia. In 2001, the President issued an Exec- human embryos for research purposes; And these are just a handful of the 72 utive order that made available for the or the destruction or discarding of, or diseases that have undergone clinical first time Federal funding for embry- risk of injury to, a human embryo. Re- trials or been treated using stem cells onic stem cell research using embryos search that can benefit others without obtained from bone marrow and umbil- that had already been destroyed. In the the destruction of human life is in my ical cord blood. subsequent 6 years, the Federal Gov- opinion the best path forward. I favor the broadest possible effort to ernment has spent more than $130 mil- Scientists have shown they have the pursue promising medical technologies lion on this type of stem cell research skill and ability to pursue the poten- within appropriate ethical limits. Sci- and has spent more than $2.5 billion on tial benefits of stem cell research with- entists have derived stem cells from all stem cell-related research. out endangering human life in the two principal sources: the tissues, In 2006, the Senate considered legisla- process. I support these alternative ap- fluids, and organs of adults, and cells tion that would have overturned a key proaches because I truly believe that from human embryos. Human embry- element of the current policy: the stip- they have the potential to help people onic stem cells have only been ob- ulation that Federal taxpayers’ money while still maintaining ethical guide- tained through a process that destroys cannot provide an incentive for the fur- lines. This is the best way to allow the embryo. ther destruction of human embryos. Federal science-research on stem cells In the last Congress, we passed, and While this bill was approved by Con- without offending the beliefs of mil- the President signed into law, the gress, it was later vetoed by the Presi- lions of Americans. Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research dent. Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, I rise Act of 2005. This legislation was in- I voted against this legislation be- today to clarify my position on stem tended to spur additional advances by cause I believe that taxpayers should cell research. As a veterinarian I un- establishing an infrastructure to facili- not have to subsidize the destruction of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8669 nascent human life, especially when a their role is often irreplaceable. Stem tes—scientists must learn how to make number of State governments and large cells offer an opportunity to actually the cell become the right type. But an universities have directed significant replace the function which was lost. adult stem cell is actually already resources to embryonic stem cell re- Consider today that 20 million Amer- somewhat specialized, so one cannot di- search. Since there are already billions icans live with diabetes. Despite treat- rectly use them to produce many of the of dollars available for embryonic stem ment with drugs and insulin, many dia- types of cells we need to produce new cell research on lines from newly de- betics experience vision loss, injury to therapies. Some advocates of adult stroyed embryos, increases in Federal extremities, heart disease and other stem cell research say we could try to funding and a change in the Federal complications. For years, scientists take such a stem cell and reverse its policy are not necessary. have sought to find a cure. And today development—back to an embryonic S. 5, which we are debating today, stem cells offer that potential to end stage—and then begin the task to de- and which is similar to legislation al- dependence on insulin—freeing mil- velop it into the specialized cell re- ready passed by the House, is essen- lions from diabetes. quired. It is as if you were driving tially the same legislation as that the In many diseases, there simply is not down an interstate on a trip, took an President vetoed last year. There is an effective therapy to replace the exit, made a few turns, and then de- one difference: added to S. 5 is legisla- function which individuals lost or dam- cided to back up—in reverse—all the tion that was passed unanimously by aged cells can no longer provide. Today way to the interstate in an attempt to this body last year—the Alternative there are limited treatment options for try another destination. This is not an Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies En- brain disorders such as Parkinson’s dis- efficient way to get where you are hancement Act. I supported that legis- ease and ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease. going. And any scientist will tell you, lation, which was not passed by the For such diseases, stem cell therapies the more steps you must take, the other body. However, that very posi- offer promise that we could alleviate more chance there is that something tive legislation is attached to legisla- the suffering that millions now experi- simply won’t work. tion I cannot support because it would ence. Recently some have proposed that force taxpayers to subsidize the de- This week the Senate is considering scientists could use other types of struction of nascent life. two bills. The first of these promotes cells. We have learned recently about Thankfully, S. 30 is also being consid- stem cell research. It encourages re- stem cells which are found in amniotic ered today. I fully support this legisla- search which is already underway— fluid—‘‘amniotic stem cells’’—which tion offered by Senators COLEMAN and which is eligible today for both private also appear to have potential to de- ISAKSON. Their leadership has brought and public funding. And while that re- velop into different types of tissues. to the floor a bill that would build on search should be encouraged, it is not This is an encouraging development, the research that is treating patients facing impediments, save for the fact yet much remains to be learned about now. This legislation would direct the most of us would like to see greater those cells. The leader of the research Department of Health and Human progress in biomedical research fund- group which has just described these Services to seek out alternative ing—and stop the erosion of the budg- cells—Anthony Atala—was recently sources of stem cells and to study the ets of the National Institutes of asked whether his research ends the ar- possibility of establishing an amniotic Health. gument over whether embryonic stem and placental stem cell bank, similar Yet since no impediment exists to cells are needed. He answered that to the bone marrow and cord blood the work described this first bill de- question simply: stem cell bank, while reaffirming a pol- scribes, this legislation is—despite its It does not, mainly because it’s another icy that prohibits research that de- positive aspects—a distraction from a stem cell choice. And I think you really stroys human life. crucial question. That is, whether we can’t tell which cell is going to be best for We can all agree: stem cell research will continue to impede progress in which indication, and all cells have advan- holds promise and has already provided human embryonic stem cell research. tages and disadvantages. life-saving treatments and cures. And The problem is, that while scientists That is truly the statement of a sci- we should continue to support that re- are tackling stem cell research on mul- entist. Because we do not yet know search within appropriate ethical re- tiple fronts, to ensure success they try about the full potential of these alter- strictions. I urge my colleagues to op- to predict the path most likely to be natives to embryonic stem cells. But pose S. 5 and support S. 30. successful. In that regard, we know we do know that embryonic stem cells Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I rise that embryonic stem cells have the po- can develop into any type of cell. That today to speak to an issue of tremen- tential to develop into any cell type of is why losing years in which we could dous significance to countless Ameri- the body. That is why scientists have have made progress is so tragic. There cans and to generations to come—the sought to use them in their race to cre- is so much that scientists have yet to matter of stem cell research. I thank ate cures. learn, and while we always hope for the majority leader for his efforts to Today, Federal funding for research quick cures, experience shows that ensure consideration of stem cell legis- is restricted to a small number of em- medical breakthroughs typically result lation. The bottom line is, there is re- bryonic stem cell ‘‘lines’’ that were es- from years of concentrated effort—and search we should be conducting today tablished prior to August 9, 2001. Unfor- we cannot wait any longer to embark that could help us treat—and in some tunately, only 19 of those 78 stem cell on that journey. cases cure—some of our most serious lines in existence are available to re- That is why I am a cosponsor of the diseases. That is why two-thirds of searchers, as many were found to be second bill which we are considering— Americans favor embryonic stem cell contaminated or otherwise unusable. the Stem Cell Research Enhancement research and why I am an original co- We recognize today that even when a Act. This legislation addresses the crit- sponsor of the Stem Cell Research En- stem cell line is created, it simply can- ical issue which has inhibited research hancement Act. not reproduce indefinitely. here in the U.S.—the restriction of The promise of stem cell research So, many scientists are frustrated, Federal funding to only those few stem lies in the simple fact that embryonic are perplexed that a Federal funding cell lines which were in existence back stem cells have the unique potential to restriction would essentially block in 2001. Our legislation would ensure develop into any of the cells which their efforts to develop cures. Some that Federal research would only use could be needed to treat the multitude have proposed they should use adult stem cells from embryos which would of diseases from which Americans suf- stem cells. Yet those involve a detour otherwise be destroyed and would re- fer. The vast potential of stem cell in the journey to a cure. quire full consent from the donor be- therapy is key to future therapies be- We know that in order to use embry- fore coming into use. I thank Senators cause in so many diseases, cells in the onic stem cells to make cells which can SPECTER and HARKIN for their leader- body are damaged or destroyed, and be used to treat a disease—like diabe- ship on embryonic stem cell research.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 The legislation which they have will make a difference. I urge the the 100 million individuals affected by championed sets a very constrained set President to reconsider this issue, and these and other devastating illnesses of circumstances under which embry- urge his support. and injuries. onic stems cells may be obtained in I think back to President Reagan’s Until now. order to assure we can move this vital passing nearly 3 years ago, and remem- Recent developments in stem cell re- research forward within an ethical ber the outpouring of concern we all search may hold the key to improved framework. Never will an embryo be had for our former President, and the treatments, if not cures, for those af- created for research purposes, nor does First Lady and their entire family. We fected by Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, this legislation facilitate such studies. spoke much of the tragedy of Alz- spinal cord injury, and countless other This legislation assures that an em- heimer’s disease and how we must do conditions. bryo may be used only when it would more to alleviate the suffering. Nancy Many men, women, and children who not ever be used for infertility treat- Reagan inspired us all with her cour- are cancer survivors are already famil- ment. Donation must be voluntary, age—and inspires us no less in her call iar with the lifesaving applications of under full informed consent and no fi- for research which could alleviate the adult stem cell research. Patients with nancial or other inducement may be suffering from so many diseases. Her leukemia or lymphoma often undergo given. recent words call out to us, ‘‘A lot of bone marrow transplants, a type of The fact is that fertility treatment time is being wasted . . . A lot of peo- stem cell transplant, which can signifi- has allowed many to have families ple who could be helped are not being cantly prolong life or permanently get whom otherwise could not. A con- helped.’’ rid of the cancer. This therapy has sequence of this remarkable therapy is I cannot think of a more significant been used successfully for decades, and that some embryos are created which living memorial to our former Presi- is saving lives every day. will not be used. I must note that dent than to allow more research to be Yet this breakthrough has its serious under the Stem Cell Research Enhance- done in order to find new cures for dis- limitations. Adult stem cells, such as ment Act, it will be the couple who eases affecting millions of people. those used in bone marrow transplants, will—under no bias—decide whether Today I ask my colleagues to con- can only be collected in small quan- they will be used. This legislation fa- sider allowing individuals—who have tities, may not be a match for the pa- cilitates that donation. through modern medical science, en- tient, which can lead to rejection, and Today Americans who have faced fer- joyed a gift of life, to contribute to have limited ability to differentiate or tility problems are facing the question saving other lives. That is exactly transform into specialized cells. of what to do with unused embryos. In- what this legislation does, and that is Similarly, the promising advances of definite storage is not truly an op- why we must send this bill to the stem cell use from a patient’s own cord tion—we know that we cannot main- President and he must sign it. blood, as illustrated by the success sto- tain the viability of these embryos in- Mr. OBAMA. Mr. President, I stand ries of Dr. Joanne Kurtzberg from definitely. So given the choices avail- in full support of the Stem Cell Re- Duke University, also have their limi- able, some couples see the potential to search Enhancement Act as I did when tations. If, for example, a young cord help those suffering from serious dis- this bill was introduced and sent to the blood recipient’s condition should dete- ease. It assures that this gift can be President’s desk in the 109th Congress. riorate after his or her initial treat- given and used to help medical I am proud to be an original cosponsor ment or should develop another illness, progress. of this bill. there simply are not enough cord blood I believe many Americans who have I am frustrated by the opposition cells left for a second use. The few re- undergone fertility treatment and real- this bill has generated and saddened maining cells would have to be cloned ized a gift of life in their families will that we are preventing the advance- to get enough cells for future treat- opt to save lives through a donation ment of important science that could ment, or stem cells would have to be which promises to save many lives. But potentially impact millions of suf- obtained from another source. it must always be individual con- fering Americans. The study of stem Two of my constituents, Mary science that is the determinative fac- cells holds enormous promise for the Schneider and her son Ryan, are well tor—and I respect the views and con- treatment of debilitating and life- aware of the potential of cord blood science of each and every individual on threatening diseases. However, in order treatments. Her son, diagnosed with this matter. to reach this level of medical achieve- cerebral palsy at 2 years of age, has There can be no doubt that stem cell ment, much more research is necessary made what appears to be a full recov- research will move forward. The real to understand, and eventually harness, ery after treatment with his own cord question is whether our Nation will be the amazing potential of stem cells. In- blood. Despite the compelling results engaged—whether our scientists will stead of creating roadblocks, we must witnessed by the Schneider family, realize the breakthroughs—whether we all work together to expand Federal they also firmly believe and support will produce the treatments or whether funding of stem cell research and con- expanded research of embryonic stem those developments will draw our best tinue moving forward in our fight cells to combat disease. minds and new medical investment against disease by advancing our A recent scientific paper about stem abroad, where American vision and knowledge through science and medi- cells derived from amniotic fluid has oversight will not influence the future cine. drawn much attention. While this of- of medicine. Each year, 100,000 Americans will de- fers an exciting alternative to regen- I believe in stem cell research. I be- velop Alzheimer’s disease, with im- erative medicine therapies, the author lieve in it because I cannot look at a paired memory, ability to understand, of that report, Dr. Anthony Atala, has person suffering from a debilitating, and judgment. Over 1 million adults himself urged that his work on and even fatal disease and support pro- will be diagnosed with diabetes this amniotic stem cells will not replace hibitions which impede ethical re- year, and risk complications that in- the continued need for investigation search aimed at alleviating of that suf- clude blindness, damaged nerves, and into treatments with stem cells derived fering. That is why I joined with my loss of kidney function. We all know or from embryos. colleagues in the Senate in urging have met individuals with spinal cord All of these alternative treatments President Bush to ease the current re- injuries, including national celebrities, are just that, alternatives, and are not strictions on the use of stem cells so local war heroes, and loved ones from substitutes for embryonic stem cell re- that research can move forward and our own families and circles of friends, search. lives could be saved. That is why I am who are struggling to maintain mobil- Embryonic stem cells can be ob- a sponsor of this legislation. It is why ity and independence. tained from a number of sources, in- I urge my colleagues to give that bill For most of our history, medicine cluding in vitro fertilization. At this their support. This is the bill which has offered little hope of recovery to very moment, there are over 400,000

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8671 embryos being stored in over 400 facili- on those lines of medical research that nonembryonic stem cell transplan- ties throughout the United States. The hold the greatest potential. tation, as well as repair unstable bone majority of these are reserved for infer- Furthermore, in recent years, sci- fractures and treat genetic disorders. tile couples. However, many of these entists have made tremendous strides I have had the chance to meet several embryos will go unused, destined for in designing methods to obtain fully patients whose lives have been trans- permanent storage in a freezer or dis- pluripotent stem cells that have the formed by this new medicine. posal. We should expand and accelerate flexibility of embryonic stem cells, Elisabeth, who was a patient at the Na- research using these embryos, just as while avoiding the destruction of tional Center, was in a motorcycle ac- we should continue to explore the via- human embryos. The potential to ex- cident and had compound fractures in bility of adult stem cell use, cord blood tract these versatile stem cells in an her right femur and right tibia. Even use, and amniotic fluid use. ethically sound manner, coupled with though she was rushed into emergency The promise of embryonic stem cells my interest in seeing further research surgery after the accident, her bones has come to light in a recent achieve- in the area of adult and umbilical cord did not heal properly, and she was told ment by researchers at Johns Hopkins. stem cells, is why I rise to support S. she would never walk again. Elisabeth They were able to repair damaged 30, the HOPE Act. sought out a second opinion from a nerves and restore mobility in para- Before I delve into a discussion of the doctor at the National Center who op- lyzed rats through embryonic stem two bills this body is considering, let erated a second time, using some of his cells. One can’t help but wonder when, me clarify that there are two different adult stem cell gel. This gel takes on not if, this research will be translated categories of stem cells—and, thus, of the characteristics of the surrounding into techniques that will help human stem cell research. The first, embry- bone cells and helps with the healing of patients who have lost the ability to onic stem cells—as their name sug- broken bones. I am happy to report, walk. gests—are derived from human em- Elisabeth is now walking, living a Of course, any work in this area must bryos developed from eggs that have healthy life, and pursuing a future in have appropriate oversight. Embryonic been fertilized at an in vitro fertiliza- physical therapy at the Ohio State stem cell research demands com- tion clinic. Alternatively, adult stem University. prehensive, thoughtful, and carefully cells are undifferentiated cells found Elisabeth is not alone. crafted ethical and scientific guide- among differentiated cells in tissues or I recently visited the National Center lines. We must not only look to guid- organs. These cells can renew them- for Regenerative Medicine, and I had ance from the National Institutes of selves and eventually develop into a the chance to meet Ashley. Ashley is 8 Health and the Food and Drug Admin- specific cell in the body. What is nota- years old and was successfully treated istration but also to our reason, our ble, however, is that these undifferen- for her leukemia at Rainbow Babies morals, and our compassion. tiated adult stem cells can be gathered and Children’s Hospital of University The President’s veto of the stem cell by scientists without any harm to the Hospitals Case Medical Center. She was bill proposed in the last Congress pre- individual donor. first diagnosed with acute lymphatic vents Government funding beyond 78 Umbilical cord blood derived from a leukemia, ALL, in January 2006, and previously established stem cell lines. mother’s placenta following the birth she underwent a stem cell transplant However, recent estimates on the num- of a newborn baby is now also included from an unrelated donor in June 2006. ber of viable cell lines bring the num- in this category of adult stem cells. In But since her transplant, Ashley has bers down closer to 20. Clearly, we are fact, with the arrival of my seventh done wonderfully. moving backward in our efforts with grandchild, I learned a great deal about Even more encouraging is the poten- these current restrictions. Stymieing the benefits of preserving cord blood tial for scientists to leverage all this embryonic stem cell research is a step stem cells. What at one time was con- great medicine into new fields, includ- in the wrong direction. It closes the sidered medical waste and discarded ing cardiology and neuroscience. Re- door on many Americans awaiting new after birth is now recognized as a rich searchers at the National Center for treatments that could potentially pro- supply of stem cells and has been used Regenerative Medicine are hopeful that vide a better quality of life or, perhaps, to treat a number of blood and im- in the not so distant future they will even save their life. mune-system diseases, cancers, and make inroads in the treatment of de- My hope, and the hope of so many in other physical disorders. generative arthritis, will decrease the this country, is to provide our re- I was introduced to the promise of severity of graft versus host disease searchers with the means to explore adult and umbilical stem cell research after stem cell transplantation, and the uses of embryonic stem cells so by experts at the National Center for will allow physicians to use a patient’s that we can begin to turn the tide on Regenerative Medicine in my home- own stem cells to repair heart damage the devastating diseases affecting our town of Cleveland, OH. Several institu- following congestive heart failure, as Nation and the world. tions make up the center, including well as use their own neural stem cells Mr. VOINOVICH. Mr. President, I Case Western Reserve University, the to improve function after spinal cord rise today to speak about the emo- Cleveland Clinic, University Hospitals damage. tional, divisive, and often confusing Case Medical Center, Athersys, Inc., I am concerned, however, that not issue of stem cell research. Let me and the Ohio State University. To- enough Americans are aware that some start by expressing why I believe we gether they have created an out- of the most advanced medicine today should focus our scarce resources on standing medical facility that is lead- can be attributed to adult—and not adult and umbilical cord stem cells ing the Nation in the use of nonembry- embryonic—stem cells. What I find rather than on embryonic stem cells. onic stem cells to regenerate new tis- even more disturbing is that many sup- Given the tremendous results that sues in diseased organs rather than porters of embryonic stem cell re- have come from adult and umbilical using drugs or devices to improve the search have been kept in the dark cord stem cell therapy in the areas of function of the organs. about the advances of umbilical and oncology and orthopedics—and, more Since 1976, researchers at the center adult stem cell treatments and have recently, in cardiology and neurology— have been studying nonembryonic stem been over-sold on embryonic stem cell I am further encouraged by the possi- cells, and they performed their first research, which is still in its infancy. bilities these noncontroversial, adult stem cell transplant as early as 1980. I want to remind my colleagues who stem cells have to offer. In this tight Today, the center is capable of con- support the Stem Cell Research En- budgetary environment, in which there ducting clinical trials with cord blood hancement Act that embryonic cells is a choke hold on our domestic discre- stem cells for gene therapy and for have not been successfully used to tionary spending, we must be vigilant heart and blood vessel repair. Inves- treat even one disease yet I have had in the way we appropriate taxpayer tigators at the center are now able to the opportunity to meet numerous peo- dollars and concentrate our resources cure leukemia and lymphomas with ple whose lives have been saved by

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 adult stem cell therapy. In fact, adult spends only one-sixth of its annual rated. I think the same is true on the stem cells have been used to treat 72 budget on nondefense discretionary subject of stem cell research. We have diseases, including breast cancer, mul- spending, and I am afraid that explod- been so focused on what we perceive to tiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ing entitlement spending threatens to be the future of medical research that sickle cell anemia, spinal cord injuries, soak up every Federal dollar, leaving we have been willing to overlook suc- and others. That is why I continue to no revenue for things like scientific re- cessful treatments and therapies that be encouraged by the possibilities adult search. There is a tremendous need to are already taking place right under stem cells have to offer. pursue treatments for many diseases, our noses. In recent years, medical research has but we face a reality of limited fund- In light of all the advances and re- made tremendous strides, and it is now ing. sults science has provided with adult widely believed that new technology We have to be smart about spending and umbilical cord stem cells, I urge can lead to methods of obtaining fully our money. In the current budget envi- my colleagues to direct Federal fund- pluripotent stem cells that have the ronment, I have concerns that increas- ing toward research that will have the flexibility of embryonic stem cells ing funding for research on embryonic greatest near-term impact on human without destroying potential life. That stem cells will take away opportunities life. is why I rise today to support S. 30, the for research in areas like adult and um- Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, I rise HOPE Act. bilical research that has proven its today in support of S. 5, the Stem Cell Despite all this progress, scientists ability to save human lives—or even Research Enhancement Act of 2007, a around the world agree that there is for new techniques to help us remove bill that will expand the number of still a great deal that remains un- pluripotent stem cells without destroy- stem cell lines eligible for federally known about the potential for stem ing human embryos. funded research, ensuring scientists at cell therapy. That is why I support this I have the greatest sympathy for pa- NIH and laboratories around the coun- legislation introduced by my col- tients and their families who continue try have access to new, uncontami- leagues from Minnesota and Georgia to struggle with a wide range of fatal nated stem cell lines. that can help us tap even more poten- diseases. I understand what it is like to Many families in America have expe- tial cures and therapies. watch a loved one suffer and the trag- rienced the tragedy of watching a loved The HOPE Act would continue to en- edy of losing a member of your fam- one suffer through a deadly or debili- courage Federal research on adult and ily—especially a young child. I lost my tating illness. Diseases like Parkin- umbilical cord stem cell therapies that father to diabetes and my young neph- son’s and Alzheimer’s take a terrible are already proving successful, while ew C.T.—who was only 14—to bone can- toll on families’ lives and livelihoods. cer. Like many here today, I have been requiring the Secretary of Health and While we have made great strides in a witness to the devastating effects of Human Services to develop techniques biomedical research in recent years, we Alzheimer’s, arthritis, and many other to identify and derive pluripotent stem still don’t have all the keys to unlock debilitating diseases. That is why I am cells that have the flexibility of embry- the secrets of disease. sympathetic with my colleagues’ ef- onic stem cells without destroying a That is why the potential of embry- forts to seek out a panacea. But I fear human embryo. There is evidence that onic stem cells is so exciting. Embry- that too often proponents of embryonic these alternative methods may make it onic stem cells have the ability to de- stem cell research make exaggerated easier for scientists to genetically velop into virtually any cell type in claims about this line of research and match patients with therapies and the human body. Scientists tell us that offer false promises when the evidence could reduce the complications, like harnessing the power of these cells is just not there. tumor formation, that have been seen I read a great op-ed in The Wash- could one day lead to new treatments, with embryonic stem cells. ington Post by Charles Krauthammer— and maybe even cures, for a number of The HOPE Act would also require the who has long supported legal abortions diseases that afflict American families. Secretary to prioritize stem cell re- and doesn’t believe that life begins at Important research is being done every search that will reap near-term clinical conception—in which he issued a stern day on stem cells. I am proud that benefit and take into account the find- warning against pursuing embryonic some of this research is being done at ings of the President’s Council on Bio- stem cell research. As he said, he has a the University of Wisconsin in Madi- ethics along with other appropriate very healthy respect for ‘‘the human son, which was the first to isolate techniques and research. It is my hope capacity for doing evil in pursuit of human embryonic stem cells. that this type of progress will help good.’’ And, that is exactly what I see We all understand that this research eliminate the controversy surrounding happening in this Chamber today. Too is not without controversy. I respect embryonic stem cell research without many of my colleagues are focused ex- the concerns that some people have any compromise of scientific advance- clusively on embryonic stem cell re- about the use of embryonic stem cells ment. This legislation paves a path for- search, and they are missing potential in research, and I agree that we must ward for Federal scientists, while re- that is right under their noses. closely monitor this research to ensure specting the principles and morals of I am reminded of Aesop’s fable, ‘‘The that it is done ethically. However, sci- millions of taxpayers. Stag at the Pool,’’ in which a stag entists and disease advocates are warn- I believe it is my moral responsi- stops at a spring to drink some water. ing us that the current limits on Fed- bility to direct the Federal Govern- He looks down at his shadow reflected eral funding for stem cell research are ment’s dollars toward research that in the water and greatly admires the seriously inhibiting our potential to has the greatest near-term potential to size and shape of his beautiful horns, find new cures. Without expanded Fed- help the largest number of Americans. all the while thinking that his feet are eral support, we risk slowing down the Over the past several years, Congress too slender and too weak. Just as he is tremendous progress that could be has increased total NIH funding for looking at his reflection, a lion appears made to alleviate human suffering. medical research—including increasing at the pond. The stag sees the lion in It would be unconscionable for the the amount of money available for the water and runs as fast as he can to Federal Government to turn its back stem cell research—from $15.1 billion safety. As he enters the woods, though, on the discoveries that expanding stem in fiscal year 1999 to $28.9 billion in his horns get tangled in the tree cell research promises. Now more than 2007. However, in recent years the cost branches, and the lion catches up to ever, it is important to grasp this op- of fighting the war in Iraq, defending him. Finally, at that moment, the stag portunity in an ethical manner by our homeland, and protecting against realizes that it was his feet that could making sure that potentially lifesaving natural disasters like Hurricane have saved him and his antlers that led research keeps moving forward. Katrina has left very few resources for to his demise. Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I am domestic discretionary spending. In The moral of the story is: What is proud to be a cosponsor of S. 5, the fact, today, the Federal Government most truly valuable is often under- Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8673 We must enact this legislation so that lieve that these two bills will provide The United States offers an ideal cli- researchers are able to move forward an appropriate framework for moving mate for scientific and medical re- on ethical, federally funded research stem cell research forward in a respon- search because of the quality of our projects that develop better treatments sible way. educational institutions, the strength for those suffering from diseases. We must create a framework for Fed- of our economy, and the scope of our Human embryonic stem cells have such eral support of stem cell research now, comprehensive legal and regulatory great potential because they have the since research involving embryonic system for protection of intellectual unique ability in developing into al- stem cells is also proceeding outside property rights. The guidelines and re- most any type of cell or tissue in the the United States. While we have had a quirements contained in S. 5 do not body. Stem cell research holds great robust and needed debate on the eth- exist currently, and this sort of embry- promise to develop possible cures or ical and moral concerns of embryonic onic stem cell research remains largely improved treatments for a wide range stem cell research, as reflected by the unregulated in the private sector and of diseases and injuries, such as diabe- President’s Commission on Bioethics, in many scientific communities over- tes, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, Alz- the same cannot always be said of pri- seas. Enacting S. 5 would provide the heimer’s, autism, heart disease, spinal vate industry and scientific research Federal oversight necessary to ensure cord injuries, and many other afflic- communities in other parts of the that embryonic stem cell research does tions. We must not limit research that world. I am deeply concerned where un- not expand into ethically objectionable could improve the lives of so many suf- regulated research may lead us if re- ground in balancing the promise on the fering from diseases that we have lim- searchers are left without ethical and foreseeable horizon of stem cell re- ited ability to prevent, treat, or cure. moral guidance and stringent regula- search with the protection of human In August 2001, the President imple- tions and oversight. life. mented an unworkable, flawed policy It does not have to be that way. One It should be clearly recognized that that made a small number of human bill before us today, S. 5, is similar to embryonic stem cell research will embryonic stem cell lines eligible. The H.R. 810, a bill that I supported and occur with or without Federal approval President’s restrictions on stem cell re- that passed the Senate on July 18, 2006. and guidance. Keeping that in mind, I search prevent Federal funds from S. 5 will provide the same strict ethical believe embryonic stem cell research is being used for research on newer, more guidelines for stem cell research that best carried out under strict Federal promising stem cell lines. In addition, the Senate supported last year. This guidelines and oversight. With the lim- embryonic stem cell lines now eligible bill would authorize Federal support ited Federal support and stringent for Federal funding are not genetically for embryonic stem cell research, but guidelines afforded under this legisla- diverse enough to realize the full thera- limits appropriately that support to tion, we can promote the benefits of peutic potential of this research. The scientists who use embryos originally stem cell research while maintaining President’s stem cell policy prevents created for reproductive purposes, and clearly our ethical and moral values researchers from moving ahead in an now frozen or slated for destruction by and obligations, which we must never area of research that is very promising. in vitro fertilization clinics. Before sacrifice at any price. We must enact this legislation to help there is even consideration of whether Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I wish to move research forward that could al- to donate unused embryos for research, express my support for the bill before leviate the pain and suffering of indi- the legislation would require that the the Senate this week, S. 5, the Stem viduals. patient who is the source of the em- Cell Research Enhancement Act of If we fail to enact S. 5, our research- bryos be consulted and a determination 2007. This legislation will put us on the ers are likely to fall further behind the be made that these embryos would oth- path of progress by reversing the Presi- work being done in other countries. erwise be discarded, and would never dent’s policy a policy that is holding Australia, Canada, Finland, France, have been implanted in the patient or back the promise of stem cell research. Japan, Singapore, Sweden, and the another woman. It is unfortunate that the Congress United Kingdom have provided sub- S. 5 also provides support for alter- must even spend time debating this stantial governmental support for stem native stem cell research methods by measure. The majority of Americans cell research. offering increased Federal funding and support stem cell research, as does the Too many of my constituents suffer support for research that does not in- Director of the National Institutes of from Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, diabe- volve the use of human embryos. Such Health, Dr. Elias Zerhouni. It has been tes, and other diseases. S. 5 provides alternative research was unanimously 6 years since the President announced some hope for the development of im- supported in the Senate last July and his administration’s restrictive policy proved treatments that could improve deserves our full support again today. on stem cell research, which limited the lives of so many people. Researchers believe that this type of the number of stem cell lines available Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I will stem cell research holds tremendous for use with Federal funding. Now we vote in support of the two bills under potential and I strongly support their know that all of these lines are con- consideration today, S. 5 and S. 30, efforts. Millions of Americans affected taminated by the use of mouse feeder which would provide a framework for by many diseases and conditions stand cells, and they will probably never Federal support of stem cell research to benefit from the future cures pro- meet the standards required for human under strict guidelines and ethical cri- vided by this type of research. treatment. teria. I supported similar legislative I am also supportive of the other It is clear that, because of the Presi- proposals during the last Congress. measure that is before us today, S. 30. dent’s policy, we are now years behind Stem cell research has the potential This bill will also offer increase Fed- in developing therapies and cures for to give us a better understanding of eral funding and support for adult stem diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s deadly diseases and spinal cord injuries cell research and other research that and cancer. That is time that millions affecting millions of Americans. One does not involve the use of human em- of Americans simply do not have to day, these efforts may lead to cures bryos. Additionally, S. 30 would allow waste. For millions of others, this and treatments for these devastating research to be performed on embryonic wasted time has dampened hope. diseases and conditions. At the same stem cells taken from naturally dead Some families who hold out hope for time, it is important and right to rec- embryos. This research shows some the potential of stem cell research are ognize the ethical and moral concerns promise but only additional research from Vermont. Many are either af- that have been raised by individuals in- will tell whether it can lead to cures flicted by, or know someone one who is side and outside of the medical re- and treatments, and we should embrace suffering from, multiple sclerosis, Par- search community regarding one par- the opportunity that would be afforded kinson’s or Lou Gehrig’s disease. I have ticular type of stem cell research that under this legislation to determine the met these Vermonters, many of whom involves embryonic stem cells. I be- research potential that might exist. are advocating not for themselves, but

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8674 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 for future generations who they hope may one day find a cure. With each day argue that embryonic stem cell re- will not endure the debilitating nature that has passed since the President ve- search is unnecessary given the ad- of these diseases. toed this legislation, nearly 4,100 vances in adult stem cell research. There are others in Vermont who Americans were diagnosed with diabe- There is no question that adult stem know firsthand the good this research tes, 3,800 were diagnosed with cancer, cells such as those found in bone mar- could bring. These are the scientific re- and 160 were diagnosed with Parkin- row and cord blood have led to great searchers at the University of Vermont son’s. What we are talking about here advances in patients suffering from and Dartmouth College who are doing is research that may one day provide leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, sickle groundbreaking work that needs the relief to the more than 100 million cell anemia, among others. I was a co- support of our federal government to Americans suffering from Parkinson’s, author, along with Senator HATCH and be truly successful. These scientists diabetes, spinal cord injury, ALS, can- others, of a bill that is now law to ad- know that the most viable method for cer, and many other devastating condi- vance bone marrow and cord blood progress in research is to expand the tions for which there is still no cure. stem cell collection for use in adult number of embryonic stem cell lines The legislation we are about to vote stem cell transplantation, and I believe that are available. on would expand the number of embry- it is essential that we arm researchers I would like to take a moment to onic stem cell lines available for feder- and physicians with every possible also address some of the myths per- ally funded research by allowing the therapeutic weapon in their medical petrated about what S. 5 will and will use of stem cells derived through em- arsenal. I urge my colleagues to join not do. Let us be clear: This bill will bryos from in vitro fertilization clinics me in supporting full funding for this not allow Federal funds to be used for that would otherwise be discarded. important law, which passed unani- the destruction of human embryos. Strict ethical requirements apply to mously in the Senate, in the upcoming While Federal dollars can be used for the use of these stem cell lines. In fact, Labor-HHS-Education appropriations research on stem cell lines that are de- I believe these ethical requirements bill. rived from human embryos, the cre- are one of the most essential provisions The fact remains that there will al- ation of these lines cannot be funded of the bill. Since the HELP Committee ways be limits to the use of adult stem with Federal moneys. S. 5 will do noth- first began consideration of the Presi- cells when compared with embryonic ing to change this policy. dent’s policy toward embryonic stem stem cells, and that is why the legisla- This legislation will also ensure that cell research in 2001, I have maintained tion before us is so important. Our Na- Federal funding will be used only for that the pursuit of scientific research tion’s best scientists, including many researching stem cells lines that are that may benefit millions of Americans Nobel laureates, believe that embry- derived from human embryos that have and their families was as important as onic stem cell research has a unique been donated from in vitro fertilization ensuring that science did not outpace potential to ease human suffering and clinics. The in vitro fertilization proc- ethics. that is because embryonic stem cells, ess creates more embryos than are Under this legislation, the only em- unlike adult stem cells, can become needed, and the remaining embryos bryonic stem cells that can be used for any cell in the body. Embryonic stem will simply never be used. There are federally funded research are those cells can become heart cells, lung cells, more than 400,000 of these embryos that that were derived through embryos brain tissue, and that property—called are frozen in fertility clinics, the ma- from in vitro fertilization clinics that pluripotency—is unique to their em- jority of which will ultimately be de- were created for fertility treatment bryonic state. stroyed. purposes and were donated for research The expansion of embryonic stem This week the Senate will vote on with the written, informed consent of cell research may one day unlock the two stem cell bills. While I support the individuals seeking that treatment. mysteries behind so many deadly and both, only one of these bills will take Any financial or other inducements to debilitating diseases that afflict mil- us solidly forward. The time for pas- make this donation are prohibited. lions of Americans and their families. I sage of this legislation is now, and I These embryos will never be implanted urge the President to reconsider his po- urge the President not to veto this in a woman and would otherwise have sition on this legislation and not stand critical bill. been discarded. The ethical require- in the way of our Nation’s scientists I hope that the President will heed ments contained in this bill are strong- who simply want to find the key that the advice of his own chief medical re- er than current law. In fact, it is pos- will ease the burden of suffering.∑ searcher in the United States, NIH Di- sible that some of the 21 stem cell lines Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I wel- rector Dr. Zerhouni who, when he testi- approved for Federal funding, the so- come the vote on this important piece fied before the Labor, Health and called ‘‘NIH-approved lines,’’ may not of legislation, the Stem Cell Research Human Services Appropriations Sub- meet the strict ethical criteria con- Enhancement Act of 2007. committee, said that American science tained in this bill. Stem cell research holds great hope would be better served, and the Nation I have heard some of my colleagues of providing cures for chronic, incur- would be better served, if we let our who oppose this legislation argue that able conditions from which millions of scientists have access to more cell this legislation allows, even encour- Americans suffer. But unless we act, lines. ages, taxpayer-funded destruction of the Bush administration will continue As Congress is poised to send this human embryos. That is totally false. to meet this unparalleled moment of legislation to the White House, I hope There is a provision called the Dickey scientific discovery with unbridled ide- the President will take note of Dr. amendment which is attached to every ology—and the American people and Zerhouni’s remarks. I hope that he will annual Labor-HHS appropriations bill scientific community will pay the also listen to Congress and the millions prohibiting any Federal funds from price. of Americans who believe that we being used to destroy human embryos. The President’s stem cell ban should support all angles in stem cell This provision is not affected by the amounts to a ban on hope for millions research, and sign this bill. embryonic stem cell legislation before of Americans. It’s time this Congress ∑ Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise the Senate today. Federal funds can be put an end to the Bush administration today in support of the Stem Cell Re- used to study stem cell lines that were policy which is holding science back search Enhancement Act. In the com- derived from human embryos that and holding our Nation back in the ing hours, the Senate will vote to pass meet the ethical requirements I just race to new medical treatments and this bill like it did last year and unlock laid out, but the derivation process discoveries. the door for researchers across the itself cannot be paid for with Federal We all expect that this bipartisan country to use embryonic stem cells to money. legislation will pass both the Senate better understand diseases like Parkin- I have also heard some of my col- and the House. There is a broad con- son’s and juvenile diabetes so that we leagues who oppose this legislation sensus in the Congress, among medical

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8675 experts, scientists, and patient advo- crease the risk of creating strains of By August of 2000, the NIH had re- cacy organizations, and among the diseases which can more easily pass to leased guidelines for research using American people, demanding that we people. Other problems because of the stem cells. These guidelines would open the doors to scientific innova- ban include genetic instability, which have allowed funding for research from tion—instead of barring those doors is associated with formation of tumors, lines derived from embryos voluntarily shut. and practical issues associated with donated which would have otherwise Even within the Bush administra- using so few lines—preventing sci- been discarded. These recommenda- tion, there is a desire to pursue stem entists from collecting evidence they tions are followed in this bill, which cell research. The Director of the Na- need. also includes funding for non-embry- tional Institutes of Health, Doctor While American scientists are being onic stem cell research, such as work Elias Zerhouni, has gone on record sup- held back, other countries are racing with stem cells derived from amniotic porting expanded access to new lines of ahead, putting billions of dollars into fluid. embryonic stem cells. stem cell science—creating research in- As we wade into these new scientific I am deeply concerned, however, that stitutions, clinical centers, and invest- waters, we must always be steered by we have been down this road before a ments of all kinds to attract scientists our values and morals, which is why I road that begins with the promise of from the United States and elsewhere have stood against, and voted to ban, new cures and ends, not with discovery, who will come to pursue this research. human cloning. We must make a but with ideology and a veto by the We are losing ground instead doing strong legal and ethical stand, but we President. what Americans do best: leading the cannot simply stand still as scientific The promise of stem-cell science is world in innovation, ingenuity, and opportunity passes us by and new cures crystal clear—and already being dem- new ideas. The Bush administration’s remain just out of reach. onstrated. Embryonic stem cells de- stem cell policy is impeding science I applaud the leadership of Senators velop into a variety of more specialized and compromising America’s ability to HARKIN, SPECTER, and KENNEDY on this types of cells—like nerve cells or mus- remain at the forefront of biomedical bill. I am hopeful that we can send the cle tissue that could be used to replace research. Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act or repair tissue lost or damaged from At the same time, the Bush ban is a to the President, and end the ban on illness. ban that affects more than 100 million research and hope for Americans look- In New York, researchers at Memo- Americans who suffer from Alzheimer’s ing to us to fund the next great med- rial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, ical discoveries. have been using embryonic stem cells muscular dystrophy, cancers as well as Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, as we to develop bone, cartilage or muscle re- for their friends, families, and care- debate this important legislation re- placement therapies. And in 2006, a givers. garding stem cell research, we are re- team of researchers from Columbia These are real people I meet every minded of the millions of patients and University and another team from Cor- day in New York and across the coun- families across America who await nell published research on new ways of try. It’s an adult with type I diabetes— treatment and cures for our most dead- turning embryonic stem cells into or a mom whose son or daughter has ly and tragic diseases. Scientists be- treatments for Parkinson’s disease. the disease. It’s a senior citizen strug- lieve that over half of Americans over These are just several examples, but gling with Parkinson’s disease or a son 85 may suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, the work of these scientists and sci- or daughter with a parent struggling and at least half a million Americans entists around the world is inspiring with Alzheimer’s. currently have Parkinson’s disease. hope for millions in New York and the These are Americans crossing every People of all ages suffer from spinal country living with chronic diseases, or divide imaginable—hopeful if not for cord injuries, diabetes and other chron- caring for a loved one with these condi- themselves or their children, then for ic conditions. As we all know, these tions. their grandchildren and great grand- kinds of serious diagnoses affect not In fact, New York is leading the children. My dear friends Christopher only the patient, but that patient’s way—letting science, not politics, and Dana Reeve, whom we lost in the family, friends, and community. guide research. My State will soon in- past several years, were eloquent, pas- I am a strong supporter and proud co- vest $600 million in stem-cell and re- sionate advocates for this research. sponsor of the Stem Cell Research En- generative medicine research over the Christopher, from his wheelchair, per- hancement Act. I have heard from next decade. Thanks to this stem cell formed his greatest role after his acci- many of my constituents in Wisconsin funding plan, New York researchers dent, to try and bring the best of in support of this legislation, and I am will benefit from expanded resources American ingenuity to bear on the glad that the Senate is again address- for all types of stem cell research, in- worst kinds of illnesses and diseases. ing this issue and responding to the re- cluding embryonic stem cells, adult I respect my friends on the other side quests of millions across the country. stem cells, and somatic cell nuclear of the aisle who come to the floor with It is important that we approve this transfer. And our economy will benefit grave doubts and heartfelt concerns. legislation as expeditiously as possible, as well, as we draw great American sci- This is a balancing act and we must and provide the resources that sci- entists and innovators pursuing the never lose sight of our ethics and val- entists need to develop treatments and next great American scientific innova- ues. But we can strike that balance— cures for these diseases. Millions of pa- tions. and I believe we have in this bill. tients and their families across the Na- This is encouraging news for New When the promise of embryonic stem tion cannot afford to wait any longer York, but as a Nation, the leadership cell research became apparent in the for enactment of this urgently needed vacuum under the Bush administration 1990s, the Clinton administration, legislation. has left the scientific community hold- working through the National Bio- Researchers believe that they can ing its breath. The Bush administra- ethics Advisory Commission and the unlock enormous potential in stem cell tion has put a ban on certain kinds of NIH, examined the ethical and medical research if Congress and the President research, prohibiting Federal funding issues involved with such research. will only give them the keys. At the for any research on stem cell lines cre- In September 1999, the National Bio- University of Wisconsin in 1998, Dr. ated after August 9, 2001. ethics Advisory Commission released James Thomson became the first sci- Federally-funded scientists are lim- its report, ‘‘Ethical Issues in Human entist to break into this new frontier ited to less than 20 stem cell lines, in- Stem Cells Research.’’ In this report, it by isolating human embryonic stem stead of the 78 lines advertised. And recommended that research using cells cells. Since then, researchers at the not all of these lines are even suitable from embryos created, but not used for, University have continued to be lead- for research. Some may be contami- infertility treatment, should be eligi- ers in this science. But despite the in- nated with mouse cells, which can in- ble to receive Federal funding. credible promise this research holds, it

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8676 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 has been limited by the President since I hope my colleagues will join me in EXHIBIT 1 2001. As others have noted, even Story supporting this incredibly important THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR Landis, director of the NIH’s National science which would expand our re- CELL BIOLOGY, Institute of Neurological Disorders and search horizons, and bring hope to so Bethesda, MD, April 10, 2007. Stroke and interim chair of the agen- many people. Hon. HARRY REID, cy’s stem cell task force, acknowledges Senate Majority Leader, U.S. Senate, Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I Washington, DC that the President’s stem cell policy is rise in opposition to the Hope Offered DEAR SENATOR REID: We would like to ex- holding back potential breakthroughs. through Principled and Ethical Stem press our views about the upcoming Senate Congress must act to provide more Cell Research Act, S. 30. debate on stem cell research, as the Presi- stem cell lines to scientists so that this dent and Public Policy Committee Chair re- My objection to this bill is simple. research can go forward, without the spectively for the American Society for Cell This legislation will do nothing to Federal Government standing in the Biology. Our nonprofit, professional society overturn President Bush’s failed policy of more than 11,000 members includes many way. that is restricting access to viable of the leading scientists working in this The Stem Cell Research Enhance- stem cell lines. area. ment Act would allow federally funded As you know, it is critically important research to be conducted on stem cell The United States Senate must be that science policy be carefully crafted to lines derived from excess embryos very careful when incorporating sci- allow ethically sound scientific research to originally created for in vitro fertiliza- entific concepts, and scientific defini- proceed. This is particularly difficult to do when the science behind the policy is as com- tion—IVF—that are no longer needed tions, into legislation. This bill relies on the notion of so-called ‘‘naturally plicated as in the current policy debate on and are donated by couples for re- stem cell research. search. It is estimated that there are dead’’ embryos to provide viable stem We are particularly concerned about a hundreds of thousands of embryos cre- cells. It defines these embryos as: major provision of S.30, the ‘‘Hope Offered through Principled and Ethical Stem Cell ated for fertility treatments that could having naturally and irreversibly lost the be used for research and will otherwise Research Act.’’ The expressed purpose of S.30 capacity for integrated cellular division, is to ‘‘promote the derivation of pluripotent be destroyed. This bill does not inter- growth, and differentiation that is char- stem cell lines without the creation of fere with alternative stem cell re- acteristic of an organism, even if some cells human embryos for research purposes and search, but it supports all avenues of of the former organism may be alive in a dis- without the destruction, discarding of, or research within the ethical limits Con- organized state. risk of injury to a human embryo or embryos gress has already established. This bill other than those that are naturally dead.’’ We do not know what the implica- will open doors for scientists to access S.30 relies on the false premise that sci- tions of this definition may ultimately entists can determine whether a human em- new, healthy, uncontaminated stem be. And the fact is, neither do many bryo is ‘‘naturally dead.’’ However, naturally cell lines that are currently off-limits scientists. As the leadership of The dead is a scientifically meaningless idea. To to federally funded research under American Society for Cell Biology our knowledge, there is no scientifically President Bush’s restrictions. credible way to determine this. In fact, we The embryos that could potentially wrote yesterday, think that to establish sufficiently precise be used for research are those that will Naturally dead is a scientifically meaning- scientific or clinical standards about the quality of embryos at the very early stages never be implanted. Thanks to this leg- less idea. To our knowledge, there is no sci- of development would require experiments entifically credible way to determine this. islation, embryos that would otherwise that the bill itself would not permit. be discarded could be used for research They continue: It is critically important that the Senate that could save pain and suffering for proceed with caution as it continues its work millions of people, and the lives of mil- It is critically important that the Senate in the area of science policy. Legislation lions more. proceed with caution as it continues its work based on inaccurate science could have a det- While I support the Stem Cell Re- in the area of scientific policy. Legislation rimental impact on the course of the Amer- search Enhancement Act, I have con- based on inaccurate science could have a det- ican biomedical research enterprise. Not only do we risk driving research and re- cerns about the other bill we are con- rimental impact on the course of the Amer- ican biomedical research enterprise. searchers to other countries more interested sidering today, S. 30. The language in in cutting edge research but we also delay that bill has not been properly vetted I ask unanimous consent that this the day when our fellow Americans who suf- through the scientific community, and letter be printed in the RECORD. fer from some of the most debilitating dis- it is unclear what effect it might have. eases finally realize the benefits of scientific S. 30 could potentially limit the scope The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without research. of current research, even further re- objection, it is so ordered. Sincerely, stricting the availability of stem cells (See exhibit 1.). BRUCE ALBERTS, President. for federally funded research. For these Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I could not agree LARRY GOLDSTEIN, reasons, I oppose this legislation. more. This debate should be about pro- Chair, Public Policy Committee. There is much work that needs to be viding Federal funding, and a con- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, today done to further understand the role sistent policy, for embryonic stem cell we made an important step forward for that embryonic stem cells can play in research. It is not the place of the U.S. the hope of millions of patients and providing answers to some of the most Senate to rely on concepts and defini- their families. troubling medical diseases and condi- tions that are ‘‘scientifically meaning- Unfortunately, with this important tions that affect so many Americans. less.’’ step forward, there was also a small The Stem Cell Research Enhancement The truly important vote will occur step backward. Act will help our Nation’s researchers on the passage of S. 5, the only legisla- I had initially stated that I would get closer to unlocking what this re- tion that will reverse what the major- vote in favor of S. 30, but after care- search holds by increasing the quantity ity of Americans, and the majority of fully reviewing the language, I decided and quality of stem cells lines avail- the medical and scientific community to vote against it. able for research. believe to be a flawed policy. I will ask to have printed in the Embryonic stem cell research is very RECORD a letter from the Joint Steer- important to me and to Wisconsin. I S. 30 will very clearly leave in place ing Committee on Public Policy that am proud that the University of Wis- President Bush’s August 9, 2001 Execu- supports S. 5 and opposes S. 30. consin has played a prominent role in tive Order, which limits Federal fund- The Joint Committee is a group stem cell research in this country. I ing to stem lines derived before that made up of the American Society for know that my constituents, and Amer- date. We need to overturn this policy, Cell Biology, the American Society for icans across the country, are eagerly not affirm it. Clinical Investigation, the Genetics So- awaiting the benefits that this re- I urge my colleagues to join me in ciety of America, Science Service, and search will provide. opposing S. 30. the Society for Neuroscience.

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The And I believe that some still feel that methods that generate embryos for research problem is, we shouldn’t promise way. purposes or that involve the destruction of things we don’t know are accurate. But after hearing from a variety of embryos are unnecessary, because the an- What we do know is that yesterday research organizations and scientists, I nual Departments of Labor, Health & Human on CNN, an article was released from have serious reservations. Services and Education Appropriations bill JAMA showing the treatment of 13 After carefully reviewing the legisla- has, for many years, included the same pro- young Brazilians who had type 1 diabe- tion, it is now clear that S. 30 sends the hibitions. tes who are now free from using exoge- Furthermore, the central provision of S. 30 nous insulin. They are on no medicine wrong message to the scientific com- appears to allow research on embryos consid- munity. ered to be ‘‘naturally dead.’’ We are particu- whatsoever and their sugar is totally S. 30 puts forth a number of scientific larly concerned about this requirement be- controlled. That is one step going for- issues that negatively position the sci- cause the term ‘‘naturally dead’’ is not a sci- ward in all the areas of medicine. entific debate around what constitutes entific term, and there are no scientific or The other comment I will make be- life and death and raises concepts that clinical standards for determining the qual- fore I make my final points is, if you may not even be scientifically defined. ity of embryos at the early stages of embry- talk to anybody in the area of research As elected officials discussing com- onic development. on Alzheimer’s—Alzheimer’s, and we We are also concerned about the provision plex science issues, we are already in heard it time and time again, is a dev- in S. 30 that requires a priority to be placed astating disease for individuals who somewhat unfamiliar territory. on research ‘‘with the greatest potential for If we are to delve deeper into this dis- near-term clinical benefit.’’ Not only is it have it, and it is a devastating disease cussion and the details of it, we need impossible to know the benefits of research for families who care for their loved the scientific community on our side. in advance, but limiting the scope of re- ones with it—I don’t know of anybody I stand for the advancement of med- search in this way places a muzzle on the sci- in embryonic stem cell research or in ical research and I hope that this vote entific process, placing short-term incre- research in medicine by themselves has made it clear. mental advances ahead of the more chal- who has great hopes for a cure of Alz- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- lenging goals of preventing or curing dis- heimer’s with embryonic stem cells. eases such as diabetes. sent to have the aforementioned letter We have heard that claim time and For these reasons, we believe that passage time again. It is not a great hope for printed in the RECORD. of S. 30 would be a significant step back- There being no objection, the mate- wards for human embryonic stem cell re- Alzheimer’s. There is hope. There is rial was ordered to be printed in the search and for biomedical research in Amer- beta secretase, which is an enzyme RECORD, as follows: ica. Therefore, we urge a ‘‘yea’’ vote on S. 5 that causes Alzheimer’s to be laid and a ‘‘no’’ vote on S. 30. JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE down. There are great medicines com- Sincerely, FOR PUBLIC POLICY, ing forward. Some are in trials in pri- Bethesda, MD, April 9, 2007. HAROLD VARMUS, MD, mates right now that tend to stop Alz- Chair, Joint Steering Committee Hon. HARRY REID, heimer’s in its tracks. Senate Majority Leader, for Public Policy. We ought not to be promising things U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. Mr. ISAKSON. Will the Presiding Of- we don’t know or are not realistic in DEAR SENATOR REID: On behalf of the Joint ficer give us the allocation of time re- terms of Alzheimer’s. That is the case. Steering Committee for Public Policy maining? I want to sum up where we are, the (JSCPP), I would like to express our support The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- differences between the two bills. One for S. 5, the ‘‘Stem Cell Research Enhance- ator from Iowa has 31 minutes remain- bill, S. 5, has lots of positives in it. We ment Act of 2007.’’ S. 5 would expand the cur- ing. rent federal policy regarding federally fund- hear it is not going to destroy any ed embryonic stem cell research to allow the Mr. ISAKSON. Thirty-one minutes? other embryos, there is going to be a use of cells derived since August, 2001, from The PRESIDING OFFICER. Thirty- grandfather of the embryos that have embryos originally generated for reproduc- one. The Senator from Kansas has 25 been created since. We heard the Sen- tive purposes that would otherwise be de- minutes. The Senators from Minnesota ator from New York say something dif- stroyed. and Georgia have 45 minutes. ferent. We heard the Senator from I would also like to express the JSCPP’s Mr. ISAKSON. With all due respect, California yesterday talk about the opposition to S. 30, the ‘‘Hope Offered Mr. President, we reached an agree- 400,000 embryos that are frozen today, through Principled and Ethical Stem Cell ment at the end of the previous time of which only 2.8 percent are available Research Act.’’ The purpose of S. 30 is to that we would equally divide 2 hours 30 ‘‘promote the derivation of pluripotent stem and less than that number—so less cell lines without the creation of human em- minutes between Senator HARKIN, Sen- than 250 lines—could totally be created bryos for research purposes and without the ator BROWNBACK, Senator COLEMAN, out of all the embryos that are avail- destruction, discarding of, or risk of injury and Senator REID. We are in the fourth able in this country today. to a human embryo or embryos other than of those 30-minute blocks now, which The answers are kind of sleight of those that are naturally dead.’’ would be ours, and then we go to four hand. To have an effective embryonic S. 5 represents an important step forward 10-minute blocks equally divided; is stem cell program, other than what is for human embryonic stem cell research, a that correct? provided in S. 30, means we are going new field that offers great promise for the re- I believe I am correct. How much of to use Federal taxpayer dollars, indi- placement of damaged cells, the under- standing of the mechanics of disease, and the our time do we have left of the 30- rectly or directly, to destroy embryos. development and testing of new drugs. Un- minute block? You can say you are not, but the fact fortunately, current federal policy, in place The PRESIDING OFFICER. Forty- is that will happen. since 2001, has not kept pace with the speed five minutes for the Senator from What are the positives of S. 30? The of scientific discovery and is today of limited Georgia. positives of S. 30 are that it looks at value to the scientific community, a position Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I am everything. It looks at all the new and endorsed by the Director of the National In- pleased to yield 10 minutes to the dis- upcoming methods. One is altered nu- stitutes of Health, Elias Zerhouni, at a re- tinguished Senator from Oklahoma, clear transfer. No. 1, you don’t destroy cent Senate appropriations hearing. Mr. COBURN. any embryo, you don’t create an em- While the JSCPP is supportive of S. 5, we strongly oppose S. 30. S. 30 is proposed as an The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- bryo, but yet you get identical cells to alternative to S. 5, but contains no substan- ator from Oklahoma. what an embryonic stem cell would be, tial measure to reverse current limitations Mr. COBURN. Mr. President, I lis- totally pluripotent, totally capable of on embryonic stem cell research and simply tened with interest to the Senator doing everything an embryonic stem endorses research avenues that are already from New York. As a practicing physi- cell can do.

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Why is there resistance to that? Why I say to Senator HARKIN, that is what nothing, nothing for at least 2 years, would there be any resistance to that? will happen if S. 5 goes through. It is because this President won’t sign it. There shouldn’t be. going to be vetoed. It will not be over- So the consequence and the question The second point is what we call ridden in the House. Or we can have S. that comes back to us is: Are we going germ cell pluripotent stem cells. Those 30 that does as much or more than S. 5 to do something that is meaningful or are made from the testes and ovaries of and we will see a difference for the are we going to play the political game us, each of us, and we can have treat- American people. that in the long term has no meaning, ments designed for ourselves. Every The hope my colleagues talk about at least for the next 2 years? tissue type in the body has now been will be realized when S. 30 gets passed, I yield back my time to the Senator produced from germ cell pluripotent when S. 30 gets signed. The President from Georgia. stem cells, either ovarian or testicular, has said he will sign it. It makes avail- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I thank again, applying the same pluripotent able everything we will need and still the Senator from Oklahoma. I yield up to 15 minutes of our time stem cells you get from an embryo, but accomplishes the same goals but does to the distinguished Senator from Min- you never destroy a life. it twice as fast. That is the real ques- nesota, Mr. COLEMAN. My friend from Minnesota, one of the tion: Do we want to play politics with The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- coauthors of this bill, makes a great this issue? Do we want to say some- ator from Minnesota. point. Whatever happens at the end of body’s legitimate position of valuing Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, I the day—right now this glass of water life, that they have an illegitimate po- thank my colleague from Oklahoma, represents what is happening on em- sition because they value life at the ex- who brings a physician’s perspective. bryonic stem cell research with Gov- pense of somebody with chronic dis- We hear so often on the floor of the ernment funds in this country. There is ease, or can they value life, come with Senate that we need to look in the eyes a whole lot of other research going on an answer that actually accomplishes of young kids with juvenile diabetes with embryonic stem cells outside the the same purpose in a better timeframe and say: Are we doing all we can do? Government. It has not dead stopped. with better results with S. 30? That is My colleague from Oklahoma has dealt As a matter of fact, it is advancing the real question for us. with that on a regular basis. He stands forcefully without Government money. I understand the political game we with me, and I thank him for his sup- But this represents what is there. If S. are playing. I understand the diseases. port. 5 is passed out of this body and the But when you read the basic raw re- In the end, there is a practical con- House, this is what we will see next search that is going forward today, we clusion, as he demonstrated with the year: the same amount, because this are not even close to what is hap- glasses of water. If you want an an- bill is going to be vetoed. pening, we are not even talking about swer, if you want to look those kids in However, if S. 30 is passed, what we what is happening out there. the eyes, talk to the families of folks will see is this much research, a dou- Final point. Make sure you under- with ALS or heart disease, if you sup- bling of the research next year. So one stand that if you believe in embryonic port S. 30, you can look them in the says help people play the political stem cell research as a viable ethical eye and say: Today I have done what I game when we know it is going to be alternative, you also have to believe in can do to move the science forward, to vetoed. S. 30 says let’s do something cloning because the only way you will have additional Federal support for real. Let’s give an answer to the hope. get a treatment that is good for you embryonic stem cell research but re- Let’s double it up and let’s do it in a without rejection, without rejecting search which, in the end, is unifying re- way that is an ethically good way. the very treatment that is being given search. The final point I wish to make is to to you, is for you to clone yourself. Dr. William Hurlbut, who is one of anybody who wants us to do embryonic That is the dirty little secret nobody the authors of a technique known as al- stem cell research, anybody who has a wants to talk about in this debate be- tered nuclear transfer, used a phrase family member with a chronic disease, cause once we accomplish with true that I borrowed. It is an island of unity anybody who has a child with diabetes, embryonic stem cells versus altered and a sea of controversy. That is what anybody who has any need that has nuclear transfer, any treatment will S. 30 offers, an island of unity and a sea hope coming from ‘‘embryonic stem require antirejection drugs or you hav- of controversy. There is disagreement in this country about the use of Fed- cell research,’’ the question I put for- ing to clone yourself. ward to them is this: If we can show The language is very specific. There eral dollars for the destruction of a human embryo. That is a reality. In you the science is going to give us ex- is no cloning as far as implanting into the end, scientific advancement should actly the same results with never de- a uterus, but it doesn’t mean you don’t be something that is unifying. It stroying an embryo, what would your clone yourself and destroy yourself to shouldn’t be tearing this country choice be—destroy an embryo and get meet a need for you. apart. You shouldn’t worry, if you are the results or do not destroy an embryo It is a very complicated ethical issue going into a hospital for some kind of about which we ought to be very clear. and go one of the multitude other ways treatment, whether there is some to accomplish exactly the same pur- It is not just destroying embryos. It is moral line that has been crossed for pose? going the next step now to have an ef- you as an individual. You shouldn’t That is the real question that is fac- fect from that treatment. have to do that. We shouldn’t put peo- ing this body. That is the question the I believe there will be good treat- ple in that position. American people ask. The science is 2 ments come out of embryonic stem cell The good news is we don’t have to. It to 3 years ahead of the debate in this research. I don’t have any doubt about is fascinating. I think the science has body today. that. I believe exactly those same gotten ahead of the politics. I have no A lot of times my colleagues accuse treatments will come and be better doubt, as I listened to this debate, me of not making much sense on the from altered nuclear transfer, from these are people of good will on both floor when I talk about these issues be- dedifferentiation, which is a term that sides of this debate, supporting both cause it is a medical issue, it is a sci- says you take a cell that is more ma- proposals, but I believe the same ulti- entific issue. I am a doctor. I under- ture and dedifferentiate it back to a mate kind of vision to improve quality stand the science, so I tend to not use pluripotent cell, or from germ cells, ei- of life, to enhance scientific research, the words as plainly as I should. But ther ovarian or testicular. to put an end to debilitating and the ethical question still arises: Do you We can accomplish the desires of ev- threatening disease and illness, is the want a doubling of the research to go erybody who is hurting in our country kind of common bond we have, people forward and answer the very human today who has a hope and do it in a re- of good will. need that is out there or do you want alistic way with S. 30 that will deliver I suppose a number of years ago, indi- to play the political game and have ex- the goods, deliver taxpayers’ dollars to viduals of good will, good moral back- actly what we have today? make a difference. S. 5 will deliver ground, religious background, may

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8679 have come to a conclusion that they they have pluripotency. They have this cell research. Those are the 20-some- would support the destruction of a elastic capacity to recreate any kind of thing lines left the President author- human embryo for the opportunity to cell. So maybe sometime in the future ized. do good today for someone who is here. you can create stronger heart muscles. In January of 2008 you are going to It is a line some of us can’t cross. We Today, in fact, with some types of stem get $132 million of federally funded bring deeply held moral perspectives to cell research, that is being done. Maybe stem cell research. But if we pass S. 30, this issue. I understand others of good you can grow limbs. Maybe you can what we have then is the opportunity faith and strong character, solid reli- cure ALS. There is an incredible capac- for research in a range of other areas, gious background and belief, say this is ity, pluripotency. perhaps doubling and maybe more—I the line, this is the right thing to do. There is also this concept of would hope much more—of stem cell I heard my colleagues on the other totipotency. Totipotency is the capa- research, or pluripotent stem cells, to side quote scriptures and pastors and bility of a zygote or other cell to de- get the capacity to do all the treat- others—my friends, of good will, and velop into a complete, integrated ments and provide the hope. good heart. In the past, that may have human being. The line we are talking We are, by the way, a long way away been the only path to where we wanted about today between S. 5 and S. 30 is in reality from human treatments, but to go. the line between pluripotency and it is hope. That is what this bill is, this The Clinton administration looked at totipotency. We all support research is the HOPE bill. this. In fact, this is the language they that will provide for pluripotent stem One of the other mechanisms we used. In 1999, President Clinton’s Na- cells, pluripotent cells that have the talked about is altered nuclear trans- tional Bioethics Advisory Commission capacity to be almost anything. fer. Just to explain, in the natural fer- issued a report entitled ‘‘Ethical Issues The dividing line, though, is whether tilization process, biology 101, you have in Human Stem Cell Research’’ ac- you have totipotency, so with a human the sperm, you have the egg, you get knowledging that a week-old human embryo, cells that are involved in a fer- the fertilized egg, and you get the em- embryo is a form of human life that de- tility clinic—I am going to switch bryo. serves respect. The Commission stated: charts and talk about a couple of other In the clone what you have is the egg In our judgment, the derivation of stem techniques that involve pluripotency cell, you enucleate it—you take out cells from embryos remaining following in- but not totipotency. What we look at the center. This may come from a fin- fertility treatments— with dead embryos are cells that are gernail or skin, whatever, a cell with These are the embryos we are talking pluripotent. I don’t know if it is a all the DNA, and you insert it into this about here, IVF— great analogy, but even after death we enucleated egg. You activate it and is justifiable only if no less morally problem- can harvest organs that have the abil- then you get an embryo. I think that is atic alternatives are available for advancing ity to serve the function you want the way Dolly the sheep came about. the research. them to serve. So dead embryos are By the way, my colleague from Okla- Science has moved ahead of where we embryos that have no totipotency but homa talked about this. If we are going were in 1999. I was on the phone a little have pluripotency. You get pluripotent to do stem cell research from here, and while ago with a Dr. Landry from, I be- cells. we are going to take this embryo and lieve, Columbia University. Dr. Landry The other approach is an approach we are going to create stem cells and talked about a stem cell line coming known as altered nuclear transfer. we put that into you or me, you are from dead embryos that has all the ca- That, by the way—I say ‘‘the ap- going to have an immune reaction, and pacity, pluripotency of the stem cell proach.’’ There are a number of other your whole life—if you put this in you, lines from fertility clinics. So a ‘‘less approaches out there. My colleague you are, for your whole life, going to morally problematic alternative’’ is from Oklahoma talked about that. I have to deal with immune reaction available. think he talked about suppression and the drugs. The only My friend and colleague from Geor- dedifferentiation, talked about germs— way around that is the Dolly approach. gia, the coauthor of this legislation, there are a number of different proce- If you create stem cells from your own knows from Georgia experience that dures and techniques that have strong cells there is no immune reaction. scientists worked on dead embryos. I scientific support that allow us to We are not talking about that, al- thought about it, and I believe it is produce pluripotent cells without though there are those of us who raise part of the 21 lines the President au- totipotency. They allow us to produce the concern: How do you get ulti- thorized for embryo research. The work embryonic stem cells that have all the mately where you want to go without is being done. The reality is there are capacity for research that gives the that possibility? cell lines available today that are not hope we are talking about without cre- Another way is the altered nuclear eligible for Federal funding. That is be- ating a human embryo that does not transfer. You take the genetic mate- cause we have a policy that says no involve, then, the taking of human life; rial, the somatic cell, fingernail or Federal funding for embryo stem cell that does not involve the moral line something, and what you do before you research. But if we pass S. 30, and S. 30 that many Americans feel is there. insert it into this enucleated egg is gets signed into law, then we have Not all. There is a difference in this. touch off a trigger mechanism that available Federal funding for embry- That is why I am saying, what S. 30 shuts off the ability to create the em- onic stem cell research that would not does is it gives us this island of unity bryo, but it still creates an inner cell be available today. in the sea of controversy. What it does mass with pluripotent cells—the capac- That is then ‘‘morally less problem- is allow all of us—and I do hope all my ity of a cell to give rise to many dif- atic’’ because it does not involve the colleagues, wherever you are on this ferent types of cells. Do all the re- destruction of a human embryo. issue—support for S. 30. Why would you search you want. When we talk about a dead embryo, be opposed to Federal funding for em- So S. 5 provides funding for new stem my colleague from Georgia has done a bryonic stem cell research that ad- cell research. It provides the oppor- very good job. My colleagues may have vances us? tunity to do all that one wants to do said: It is a dead embryo. What can you My colleague from Oklahoma used without crossing the moral line. Why get out of a dead embryo? Let me ex- the two glasses of water. If you support wouldn’t we get there? plain two concepts. They are at the S. 5, all you are going to get tomor- My great fear is that what will hap- heart of this debate. I am not a sci- row—in January 2008, S. 5 passes. It pen this year is what happened last entist, but I have learned a lot about passes in the Senate, passes in the year. In the Senate there was a bill, pluripotency, the capacity of a cell to House, it is vetoed. We have this much the Specter-Santorum bill, which, by give rise to many different cell types. right now—I believe it is about $130 the way, did not provide for all that we Embryonic stem cells, those that have million. That is what this glass rep- have in S. 30. It did not provide for the come from in vitro fertilization clinics, resents in research, embryonic stem dead embryo research. I think it may

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In what we all seek. year, this year, in terms of the science. the end, let’s work on our friends and That is, embryonic stem cells that The House refused to hear it. They colleagues in the House to pass the law have the full potential for research, to took an all-or-nothing approach: If you so that we have, in the end, one the answer the hope all of us in this room don’t support the destruction of a President will sign, one which offers have expressed today, can, in fact, be human embryo to do stem cell research and delivers true hope. derived from embryos that are not de- we are not passing anything. Where is I yield the floor. stroyed by the human hand but the hope in that? As you look at this I Mr. ISAKSON. How much of our time through the natural process of the life challenge my colleagues on the other remains? cycle. side of the aisle to tell their colleagues The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So I asked myself this question: Well, in the House: Give hope, the hope we ator from Georgia has 17 minutes. if this is a legitimate debate—which it have talked about on this floor, the Mr. ISAKSON. I will acknowledge, is a legitimate debate—if science has hope we all agree on, the hope that given the agreement we previously found there is a way to derive these there is just consensus on that we want made, I think I will only take 5 of stem cells without the destruction of to move the research forward. Do not those. I recognize myself for 5 minutes. the embryo, and if—which is true—5 of let some kind of politics that I cannot The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the 21 lines currently exempted by the understand stop us from moving for- ator from Georgia is recognized. Presidential order of 2001, are, in fact, ward with the opportunity to move re- Mr. ISAKSON. I acknowledge the pa- 51⁄2 years of study side by side with search that can produce hope. tience of the Presiding Officer. I know stem cells derived by destroying the There are many scientists who have the Presiding Officer was in the chair embryo, and if we have clear evidence kind of said: Yes, we looked at ANT last night when the Senator from Iowa they are undifferentiated, they are and we know it can work and we need and I had an exchange. I want to repeat pluripotent, and they do not have ab- to put our efforts into that. I will read some of what was said, so I apologize to normalities, then this is the answer to a couple of quotes: the distinguished Presiding Officer, but thread the needle to solve the problem. Research results suggest that altered nu- in the end I want to try to synthesize The White House has acknowledged clear transfer may be able to produce human what got me to the point of being a they will sign the bill. So with respect pluripotent stem cells—in a manner that is part of S. 30. for every Member of this Senate who simpler and more efficient than current In August 2001, when the directive has eloquently spoken on behalf of the methods. came down, I started learning about hope of furthering research, I do not That is by Hans Scholer, chair of the stem cells. When the veto took place know what the results of the research Department of Cell and Developmental last year, I wondered what more I need- are going to be, but I know this: If we Biology at the Max Planck Institute in ed to know to try to find a way to deal do not do it, we will never know, and if Germany. with the concerns of some but the com- there is a way to do it and accelerate it Recently, multiple labs in the United passion of everyone. I stumbled upon a and thread the needle, which this does, States and from around the world have pub- professor at the University of Georgia, then I submit we should do it. lished or reported experiments in which Dr. Steven Stice. I really didn’t stum- I would encourage all of my col- adult cells were converted not to embryos ble upon him; one of my interns, an leagues to support S. 30. but directly to pluripotent embryonic-like honor student, directed me to him. He I acknowledge the tremendous work cells. The resulting cells were virtually in- distinguishable from embryonic stem cells said he was doing research in this area. of the Senator from Minnesota and derived from embryos. The techniques used As it turned out, he was operating others who have helped. I appreciate included altered nuclear transfer, cell fusion three stem cell lines, lines BGO1, the time allotted to us in this debate. and chemical reprogramming. The results BGO2, and BGO3. So I went to the uni- In the end, I think the most used word were obtained from top scientists in the field versity and spent 2 days going through in the last 2 days has been ‘‘hope.’’ and published in the best journals. what their research team was doing There is now a hope that we actually That was by Markus Grompe, M.D., and the way in which they were de- bring about the reality of scientific de- Oregon Stem Cell Center. rived. I came to learn that Dr. Stice velopment for the cure of deadly and It is fascinating, those scientists that and his team, like teams in California, terrible diseases and do so in a way support just embryonic stem cell re- Wisconsin, and other States that have that recognizes the natural process of search without anything, they will tell since derived embryonic stem cells this the life cycle and the advancement of you nothing else works; this is the way, derived them from what is known the science. whole ball of wax; my way or the high- as naturally dead or arrested embryos. With that, I yield back our time in way. Then you have scientists who sup- Those are embryos that after 7 days this cycle. port these alternatives who say: Yes, following in vitro fertilization stopped Mr. President, my understanding is— this is the best way to go. cellular division. The embryo itself is I am going to repeat this—it is my un- Maybe it is about Federal funding. clinically dead, as is a human being derstanding that we now have a period Maybe if you don’t believe your way is who is brain dead, although all their of 30 minutes that is open, at which the only way you are not going to get other organs are working. But con- time, following that, each of the four Federal dollars. We have to get past tained within that embryo are stem designees will have a closing 10 min- the politics. We have to get past the cells. So it has gone through a natural utes. petty scientific divisions and simply death, not one at the hands of a doctor I see the distinguished Senator from look at what we have out there and or anyone else, and it produces these Kansas is on the Senate floor. My un- embrace and seize the opportunity to stem cells. derstanding of that 30-minute division, move forward in a way that is cohesive, After reading everything I could on Senator BROWNBACK, is you would have that gets this Nation outside of the it, I want to read one sentence from up to 71⁄2 minutes of that 30, and if—I culture wars, outside of the battles just one study which verified the would ask—I am going to try this. I over Federal funding for the destruc- pluripotency, the undifferentiation, ask unanimous consent that the next tion of human life. Put it aside. We and the independence of those lines: 30 minutes be divided, with 15 minutes don’t have to go there today. Science is Lines BGO1, BGO2, and BGO3, human em- under the control of Senator HARKIN, offering us a better path. bryonic stem cells are, therefore, inde- 71⁄2 under the control of Senator

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BROWNBACK, 71⁄2 under the control of about curing diabetes. Here we have a ing place. There is a way that seems myself and Senator COLEMAN, and then JAMA article, as I have noted to my right to a man, but its end is death. Do the remaining 40 minutes would be colleagues earlier. The unfortunate we want to put tumors in individuals? equally divided between the four des- thing is the actual test took place in Is that the route we are going forward ignees: Senator HARKIN from Iowa, my- Brazil instead of the United States with? I don’t think so. I don’t think we self and Senator COLEMAN, Senator even though it was designed and much should. BROWNBACK, and Senator REID, and of it was done by U.S. scientists at I emphasize as well to my colleagues then lastly, the leaders will have 30 Northwestern University and other that we have another route to go on minutes equally divided. places. The work should be being done this that we can work on together. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without in the United States. would hope we could work on the objection, it is so ordered. Point one being, we don’t have to go amniotic fluid and banking of amniotic Mr. ISAKSON. From what I under- there with the taxpayer funding de- fluid. I think that would be an impor- stood of that agreement, I think the stroying this young human life. I tant key route for us to work together. Senator from Kansas would have 71⁄2 would hope my colleagues would say I am disturbed that at this point in minutes, then the Senator from Iowa that in and of itself is enough informa- time in the legislative session, the first would have 15, then I would have 71⁄2. Is tion for me to say we do not need to half of the year after an election, we that fair? cross this ethical boundary. The eth- are spending this amount of time on a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ical boundary we are talking about yet topic that is going to be vetoed—S. 5 is ator from Kansas is recognized for 71⁄2 again is using taxpayer dollars to fund going to be vetoed; unlikely that the minutes. the destruction of human life so we can veto override is going to occur; maybe Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, if research on these entities. Some would it is going to be able to happen but un- the Chair would please remind me refer to it as potential for human life; likely—when we have other routes we when I have a minute left of my time. that is human life, so we can research can work on that will work and will The PRESIDING OFFICER. The on it. produce results. Are we going to con- Chair will do that. Do we want to cross that ethical tinue this effort for division? It is all Mr. BROWNBACK. I wish to start by boundary that has everybody in some- about dividing. It is all about causing a entering into the RECORD four docu- what of a question of whether they fight and somebody scoring some polit- ments and briefly covering them as want to do this or not? I would submit, ical points, when we have a hopeful much as possible. I ask unanimous con- No. 1, we do not need to; we have route that is producing results that we sent that all four of these documents routes to go that work. No. 2, we can work on together, that we can get appear directly after my testimony. should not do that in researching on more funding for, and everybody wants The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without human life because of the respect we cures and we can get more funding for objection, it is so ordered. have and the dignity afforded to each this route which is working, and we (See exhibits 1 through 4.) and every human life at all stages, at can start a new area in amniotic fluid Mr. BROWNBACK. This first one is all places, for the human existence this and placenta or we can go along with the list of 72 current clinical applica- individuals has. my colleagues from Georgia and Min- tions using adult stem cell therapy. No Proverbs tell us this: There is a way nesota on a route upon which we can ethical problems on these. Actually, that seems right to a man, but its end agree. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the list now is 73. I will cover that in is the way of death. There is a way that just a minute, but I want to get that ator has 1 minute remaining. seems right to a man, but its end is the Mr. BROWNBACK. I think we can do in. way of death. those things. Yet we continue down I want to back this letter up, or this That would seem to really highlight this route of division. Why would we do statement up, with a letter that ap- this debate—the way that seems right that when in the balance sit patients in peared in the magazine Science, Janu- to a man. Let’s just research on these this country and around the world who ary 19, 2007, that was refuting the arti- embryos; they are going to be disposed seek our help? I have shown you many cle—that was a letter put forward by of anyway. Why not do it instead of pictures of those who have gotten help other individuals questioning this level throwing them away? Why not do it in- but need more and are having to travel of adult stem cell therapy and treat- stead of having them being adopted? overseas for these treatments. Let’s ment. Why not do it? Why not research on not force them to do that. Then this letter which was in the someone who is on death row? Why Let’s stop the politics of division. Journal of Science was backed up by not? Let’s start working together and have the third document we have here, There is a way that seems right to a a culture that respects human dignity. which is a list of 14 pages of the peer- man, but its end is the way of death. We can do that. Reject S. 5. reviewed scientific articles on adult Well, we shouldn’t because it does con- EXHIBIT 1 stem cell therapies and the benefits tinue that continuation of us breaching 72 CURRENT HUMAN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS those have produced. human dignity—at a very early stage, USING ADULT STEM CELLS Then the final document we have granted, but nonetheless human by all (LIST UPDATED MARCH 2007) here in this stack that I will be putting definition of what a human species and ANEMIAS & OTHER BLOOD CONDITIONS forward is the article that just ap- an individual is. It does breach that, Sickle cell anemia peared out even today from JAMA, the and we should not go there with tax- Sideroblastic anemia Journal of American Medical Associa- payer dollars. Aplastic anemia tion, on Type 1 juvenile diabetes being As I have noted to my colleagues, it Red cell aplasia (failure of red blood cell treated with the use of adult stem is legal to do in the United States. development) Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia cells. The results—I am just going to States can fund it, private individuals Thalassemia (genetic [inherited] disorders read these, because they are just so can fund it. I have noted to my col- all of which involve underproduction of phenomenal, from this JAMA article: leagues that private individuals are not hemoglogin) During a 7- to 36-month followup, 14 pa- funding it. They are not funding it be- Primary amyloidosis (A disorder of plasma tients became insulin free; one for up cause it is speculative, it is not pro- cells) to 35 months with this treatment. ducing results, and it is producing tu- Diamond blackfan anemia Fanconi’s anemia This was an adult human stem cell mors. Chronic Epstein-Barr infection (similar to treatment. One patient was not able to I have entered into the RECORD pre- Mono) become insulin-independent. viously a large set of different studies AUTO-IMMUNE DISEASES The reason I cite that is it is such an in various areas done by various Systemic lupus (auto-immune condition exciting set of results. People have groups. These embryonic stem cells are that can affect skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, been talking on the floor a great deal producing tumors. That is what is tak- joints, and nervous system)

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 Sjogren’s syndrome (autoimmune disease Skull bone repair be treated or cured’’ using embryonic stem w/symptoms similar to arthritis) OTHER METABOLIC DISORDERS cells. High on this list is Alzheimer’s disease, Myasthenia (An autoimmune neuro- acknowledged by experts as a ‘‘very un- Hurler’s syndrome (hereditary genetic dis- muscular disorder) likely’’ candidate for stem cell treatments, order) Autoimmune cytopenia Osteogenesis imperfecta (bone/cartilage with one NIH expert describing such a sce- Scleromyxedema (skin condition) disorder) nario as a ‘‘fairy tale’’. The entire list, in Scleroderma (skin disorder) Krabbe Leukodystrophy (hereditary ge- fact, is based on no evidence of benefit in any Crohn’s disease (chronic inflammatory dis- netic disorder) human patient from embryonic stem cells ease of the intestines) Osteopetrosis (genetic bone disorder) and little evidence for its claims in animal Behcet’s disease Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystroph models. No one should promote the falsehood Rheumatoid arthritis that embryonic stem cell cures are immi- Juvenile arthritis ‘‘It is nearly certain that the [human] clin- nent, for this cruelly deceives patients and Multiple sclerosis ical benefits of the [embryonic stem cell] re- the public. search are years or decades away. This is a Polychondritis (chronic disorder of the car- CSC EXHIBIT 3 tilage) message that desperate families and patients PEER-REVIEWED REFERENCES SHOWING Systemic vasculitis (inflammation of the will not want to hear.’’—Science, June 17, APPLICATIONS OF ADULT STEM CELLS blood vessels) 2005 THAT PRODUCE THERAPEUTIC BEN- Alopecia universalis EFIT FOR HUMAN PATIENTS Buerger’s disease (limb vessel constriction, EXHIBIT 2 inflammation) TREATING DISEASES WITH ADULT STEM CELLS ADULT STEM CELLS—HEMATOPOIETIC REPLACEMENT BLADDER DISEASE In their letter ‘‘Adult Stem Cell Treat- ments for Diseases?’’ (28 July 2006, p.439), S. CANCERS End-stage bladder disease Smith et al. claim that we misrepresent a Brain Tumors—medulloblastoma and glioma CANCERS list of adult stem cell treatments benefiting Dunkel, IJ; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy with Brain tumors—medulloblastoma and patients. But it is the Letter’s authors who autologous stem cell rescue for malignant glioma misrepresent our statements and the pub- brain tumors’’; Cancer Invest. 18, 492–493; Retinoblastoma (cancer) lished literature, dismissing as irrelevant 2000. Ovarian cancer the many scientists and patients who have Abrey, LE et al.; ‘‘High dose chemotherapy Skin cancer: Merkel cell carcinoma shown the benefits of adult stem cells. with autologous stem cell rescue in adults Testicular cancer We have stated that adult stem cell appli- with malignant primary brain tumors’’; J. Lymphoma cations have ‘‘helped,’’ ‘‘benefited,’’ and ‘‘im- Neurooncol. 44, 147–153; Sept., 1999. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma proved’’ patient conditions. Smith et al.’s Finlay, JL; ‘‘The role of high-dose chemo- Hodgkin’s lymphoma Supporting Online Material repeatedly notes therapy and stem cell rescue in the treat- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient improvement from these cells. We ment of malignant brain tumors: a re- Acute myelogenous leukemia have never stated that these treatments are appraisal’’; Pediatr. Transplant 3 Suppl. 1, Chronic myelogenous leukemia ‘‘generally available, ‘‘cures,’’ or ‘‘fully test- 87–95; 1999. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia ed in all required phases of clinical trials and Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Admin- Retinoblastoma Cancer of the lymph nodes: Angioim- istration (FDA).’’ Some studies do not re- Hertzberg H et al.; ‘‘Recurrent dissemi- munoblastic lymphadenopathy Multiple quire prior FDA approval, and even the nine nated retinoblastoma in a 7–year-old girl myeloma (cancer affecting white blood cells supposedly ‘‘fully approved’’ treatments treated successfully by high-dose chemo- of the immune system) aclmowledged by Smith et al. would not be therapy and CD34–selected autologous pe- Myelodysplasia (bone marrow disorder) considered ‘‘cures’’ or ‘‘generally available’’ ripheral blood stem cell transplantation’’; Breast cancer to the public at this stage of research. Bone Marrow Transplant 27(6), 653–655; March Neuroblastoma (childhood cancer of the The insistence that no benefit is real until 2001. nervous system) after FDA approval is misplaced. Such ap- Dunkel IJ et al.; ‘‘Successful treatment of Renal cell carcinoma (cancer of the kid- proval is not a medical standard to evaluate metastatic retinoblastoma’’; Cancer 89, 2117– ney) patient benefit, but an agency determination 2121; Nov 15, 2000. Soft tissue sarcoma (malignant tumor that that benefits outweigh risks in a broad class Ovarian Cancer begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, of patients. Physicians and patients use an Stiff PJ et al.; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy blood vessels) evidentiary standard. Our list of 72 applica- and autologous stem-cell transplantation for Ewing’s sarcoma tions, compiled from peer-reviewed articles, ovarian cancer: An autologous blood and Various solid tumors documents observable and measurable ben- marrow transplant registry report’’; Ann. In- Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (type of efit to patients, a necessary step toward for- tern. Med. 133, 504–515; Oct. 3, 2000. lymphoma) mal FDA approval and what is expected of Schilder, RJ and Shea, TC; ‘‘Multiple cy- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis new, cutting-edge medical applications. cles of high-dose chemotherapy for ovarian POEMS syndrome (osteosclerotic Smith et al. also mislead regarding cita- cancer’’; Semin. Oncol. 25, 349–355; June 1998. myeloma) tions for testicular cancer and non-Hodg- Myelofibrosis kin’s lymphoma, referring to ‘‘[t]he ref- Merkel Cell Carcinoma CARDIOVASCULAR erence Prentice cites . . .’’ as though only Waldmann V et al.; ‘‘Transient complete one reference existed in each case, and not remission of metastasized merkel cell car- Acute Heart damage mentioning four other references that, ac- cinoma by high-dose polychemotherapy and Chronic coronary artery disease cording to their own SOM, show ‘‘improved autologous peripheral blood stem cell trans- IMMUNODEFICIENCIES long-term survival’’ of patients receiving plantation’’; Br. J. Dermatol. 143, 837–839; Severe combined immunodeficiency syn- adult stem cells. There are currently 1238 Oct 2000. drome FDA-approved clinical trials related to adult Testicular Cancer X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome stem cells, including at least 5 trials regard- Bhatia S et al.; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy X-linked hyper immunoglobulin M syn- ing testicular cancer and over 24 trials with as initial salvage chemotherapy in patients drome non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. They also dis- with relapsed testicular cancer’’; J. Clin. regard studies showing successful stimula- LIVER DISEASE Oncol. 18, 3346–3351; ct. 19, 2000. tion of endogenous cells for Parkinson’s. Chronic liver failure The ethical and political controversy sur- Lymphoma Liver cirrhosis rounding embryonic stem cell research Tabata M et al.; ‘‘Peripheral blood stem NEURAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASES & INJURIES: makes scientific claims especially prone to cell transplantation in patients over 65 years Parkinson’s disease exaggeration or distortion. All such claims old with malignant lymphoma—possibility Spinal cord injury should receive careful scrutiny, as recently of early completion of chemotherapy and im- Stroke damage acknowledged by the editors of this journal provement of performance status’’; Intern OCULAR after two articles claiming human ‘‘thera- Med 40, 471–474; June 2001. peutic cloning’’ success were revealed to be Josting, A; ‘‘Treatment of Primary Pro- Corneal regeneration fraudulent. This scrutiny should be directed gressive Hodgkin’s and Aggressive Non- WOUNDS & INJURIES equally to all sides. We note that two of our Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Is There a Chance for Limb gangrene critics, Neaves and Teitelbaum, are founding Cure?’’; J Clin Oncol 18, 332–339; 2000. Surface wound healing members of a political group whose Web site Koizumi M et al.; ‘‘Successful treatment of Jawbone replacement lists over 70 conditions that ‘‘could someday intravascular malignant lymphomatosis

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Ohnuma K et al.; ‘‘Cord blood transplan- Childs R et al., ‘‘Regression of Metastatic Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma tation from HLA-mismatched unrelated do- Renal-Cell Carcinoma after Nonmyel- Buadi FK et al., Autologous hematopoietic nors as a treatment for children with oablative Allogeneic Peripheral-Blood Stem- stem cell transplantation for older patients haematological malignancies’’; Br J Cell Transplantation’’, New England Journal with relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Haematol 112(4), 981–987; March 2001. of Medicine 343,750–758; Sept. 14, 2000. Bone Marrow Transplant 37, 1017–1022, June Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Childs, RW; ‘‘Successful Treatment of 2006. Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With a Tabata M et al.; ‘‘Peripheral blood stem Elliott MA et al., Allogeneic stem cell Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Peripheral- cell transplantation in patients over 65 years transplantation and donor lymphocyte infu- Blood Progenitor-Cell Transplant: Evidence old with malignant lymphoma—possibility sions for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, for a Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect:; J Clin of early completion of chemotherapy and im- Bone Marrow Transplantation 37, 1003–1008, Oncol 17, 2044–2049; July 1999. provement of performance status’’; Intern 2006. Med 40, 471–474; June 2001. Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Soft Tissue Sarcoma Josting, A; ‘‘Treatment of Primary Pro- Dysproteinemia Blay JY et al.; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy gressive Hodgkin’s and Aggressive Non- Lindahl J et al.; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Is There a Chance for and APSCT as a potential cure for relapsing transplantation for advanced soft tissue sar- Cure?’’; J Clin Oncol 18, 332–339; 2000. hemolysing AILD’’; Leuk Res 25(3), 267–270; coma in adults’’; J. Clin. Oncol. 18, 3643–3650; Kirita T et al.; ‘‘Primary non-Hodgkin’s March 2001. 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Skull Bone Repair Menasche´ P et al. [’’Autologous skeletal EXHIBIT 4 Lendeckel S et al., Autologous stem cells myoblast transplantation for cardiac insuffi- [From the Journal of the American Medical (adipose) and fibrin glue used to treat wide- ciency. First clinical case.’’] [article in Association, Apr. 11, 2007] spread traumatic calvarial defects: case re- French] Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 94(3), 180–182; AUTOLOGOUS NONMYELOABLATIVE HEMATOPOI- port, Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Sur- March 2001. ETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN gery 32, 370–373, 2004. Chronic Coronary Artery Disease NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 1 DIABETES HEART DAMAGE Strauer BE et al., Regeneration of human MELLITUS Acute Heart Damage infarcted heart muscle by intracoronary Julio C. Voltarelli, MD, PhD; Carlos E.B. Joseph J et al., Safety and effectiveness of autologous bone marrow cell transplantation Couri, MD, PhD; Ana B.P.L. Stracieri, MD, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in in chronic coronary artery disease, Journal PhD; Maria C. Oliveira, MD, MSc; Daniela A. mobilizing stem cells and improving of the American College of Cardiology 46, Moraes, MD; Fabiano Pieroni, MD, PhD; Ma- cytokine profile in advanced chronic heart 1651–1658, 1 November 2005. rina Coutinho, MD, MSc; Kelen C.R. failure, American Journal of Cardiology 97, Malmegrim, PhD; Maria C. Foss-Freitas, 681–684, 1 March 2006. NEURAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASES & INJURIES MD, PhD; Belinda P. Simo˜ es, MD, PhD; Mil- Blocklet D et al., Myocardial homing of Stroke ton C. Foss, MD, PhD; Elizabeth Squiers, nonmobilized peripheral-blood CD34+ cells MD; and Richard K. Burt, MD. after intracoronary injection, Stem Cells 24, Shyu W-C et al., Granulocyte colony-stim- Context: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) re- 333–336, February 2006. ulating factor for acute ischemic stroke: a sults from a cell-mediated autoimmune at- Janssens S et al., Autologous bone mar- randomized controlled trial, Canadian Med- tack against pancreatic beta cells. Previous row-derived stem-cell transfer in patients ical Association Journal 174, 927–933, 28 animal and clinical studies suggest that with ST-segment elevation myocardial in- March 2006. moderate immunosuppression in newly diag- farction: double-blind, randomised controlled Stilley CS et al., Changes in cognitive nosed type 1 DM can prevent further loss of trial, Lancet 367, 113–121, 14 January 2006. function after neuronal cell transplantation insulin production and can reduce insulin Patel AN et al., Surgical treatment for for basal ganglia stroke, Neurology 63, 1320– needs. congestive heart failure with autologous 1322, October 2004. Objective: To determine the safety and adult stem cell transplantation: a prospec- Meltzer CC et al.; ‘‘Serial metabolic effects of high-dose immunosup- tive randomized study, Journal Thoracic [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission pression followed by autologous Cardiovascular Surgery 130, 1631–1638, De- Tomography after Human Neuronal Implan- nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell cember 2005. tation for Stroke’’; Neurosurgery 49, 586–592; transplantation (AHST) in newly diagnosed Ince H et al., Preservation from left ven- 2001. type 1 DM. tricular remodeling by front-integrated Design, Setting, and Participants: A pro- revascularization and stem cell liberation in Kondziolka D et al.; ‘‘Transplantation of cultured human neuronal cells for patients spective phase 1/2 study of 15 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction by use type 1 DM (aged 14–31 years) diagnosed with- of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor with stroke’’; Neurology 55, 565–569; August 2000. in the previous 6 weeks by clinical findings (FIRSTLINE-AMI), Circulation 112, 3097–3106, and hyperglycemia and confirmed with posi- 15 November 2005. Parkinson’s Disease tive antibodies against glutamic acid Ince H et al., Prevention of left ventricular Using Direct Stimulation of Patients’ En- decarboxylase. Enrollment was November remodeling with granulocyte colony-stimu- dogenous Adult Neural Stem Cells: 2003–July 2006 with observation until Feb- lating after acute myocardial infarction, Cir- ruary 2007 at the Bone Marrow Transplan- culation 112, I–73–I–80, 30 August 2005. Love S et al., Glial cell line-derived tation Unit of the School of Medicine of Bartunek J et al., Intracoronary injection neurotrophic factor induces neuronal sprout- Ribeira˜ o Preto, Ribeira˜ o Preto, Brazil. Pa- of CD 133–positive enriched bone marrow pro- ing in human brain, Nature Medicine 11, 703– tients with previous diabetic ketoacidosis genitor cells promotes cardiac recovery after 704, July 2005. were excluded after the first patient with di- recent myocardial infarction, Circulation Slevin JT et al., Improvement of bilateral abetic ketoacidosis failed to benefit from 112, I–178–I–183, 30 August 2005. motor functions in patients with Parkinson AHST. Hematopoietic stem cells were mobi- Dohmann HFR et al., Transendocardial disease through the unilateral lized with cyclophosphamide (2.0 g/m 2) and autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell intraputaminal infusion of glial cell line-de- granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 μg/ injection in ischemic heart failure, Circula- rived neurotrophic factor, Journal of Neuro- kg per day) and then collected from periph- tion 112, 121–126, 26 July 2005. surgery 102, 216–222, February 2005. Wollert KC et al., ‘‘Intracoronary eral blood by leukapheresis and autologous bone-marrow cell transfer after Gill SS et al.; ‘‘Direct brain infusion of cryopreserved. The cells were injected intra- myocardial infarction: the BOOST glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in venously after conditioning with cyclophos- randomised controlled clinical trial’’, Lancet Parkinson disease’’; Nature Medicine 9, 589– phamide (200 mg/kg) and rabbit 364, 141–148, 10 July 2004. 595; May 2003 (published online 31 March antithymocyte globulin (4.5 mg/kg). Britten MB et al., ‘‘Infarct remodeling 2003). Main Outcome Measures: Morbidity and mortality from transplantation and tem- after intracoronary progenitor cell treat- Spinal Cord Injury ment in patients with acute myocardial in- poral changes in exogenous insulin require- farction’’; Circulation 108, 2212–2218; Nov 2003. Lima C et al., Olfactory mucosa auto ments (daily dose and duration of usage). Perin EC et al.; ‘‘Transendocardial, grafts in human spinal cord injury: A pilot Secondary end points: serum levels of hemo- autologous bone marrow cell transplantation clinical study, Journal of Spinal Cord Medi- globin A1C, C-peptide levels during the for severe, chronic ischemic heart failure’’; cine 29, 191–203, July 2006. mixed-meal tolerance test, and anti-glu- tamic acid decarboxylase antibody titers Circulation 107, r75–r83; published online May LIVER DISEASE 2003. measured before and at different times fol- Stamm C et al.; ‘‘Autologous bone-marrow Chronic Liver Disease lowing AHST. Results: During a 7- to 36-month follow-up stem-cell transplantation for myocardial re- Gordon MY et al., Characterisation and (mean 18.8),14 patients became insulin-free (1 generation’’; The Lancet 361, 45–46; 4 January clinical application of human CD34+ stem/ for 35 months, 4 for at least 21 months, 7 for 2003. progenitor cell populations mobilised into at least 6 months; and 2 with late response Tse H-F et al.; ‘‘Angiogenesis in ischaemic the blood by G–CSF, Stem Cells 24, 1822–1830, were insulin-free for 1 and 5 months, respec- myocardium by intramyocardial autologous July 2006; published online March 30, 2006. bone marrow mononuclear cell implanta- tively). Among those, 1 patient resumed in- tion’’; The Lancet 361, 47–49; 4 January 2003. Liver Cirrhosis sulin use 1 year after AHST. At 6 months after AHST, mean total area under the C- Strauer BE et al.; ‘‘Repair of infarcted Terai S et al., Improved liver function in peptide response curve was significantly myocardium by autologous intracoronary liver cirrhosis patients after autologous bone greater than the pretreatment values, and at mononuclear bone marrow cell transplan- marrow cell fusion therapy, Stem Cells pub- 12 and 24 months it did not change. Anti-glu- tation in humans’’; Circulation 106, 1913–1918; lished online 15 June 2006; DOI: 10.1634/ tamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels de- 8 October 2002. stemcells.2005–0542. Strauer BE et al.; ‘‘Myocardial regenera- creased after 6 months and stabilized at 12 tion after intracoronary transplantation of BLADDER DISEASE and 24 months. Serum levels of hemoglobin human autologous stem cells following acute A were maintained at less than 7% in 13 of End-Stage Bladder Disease 1C myocardial infarction’’; Dtsch Med 14 patients. The only acute severe adverse ef- Wochenschr 126, 932–938; Aug 24, 2001. Atala A et al., Tissue-engineered fect was culture-negative bilateral pneu- Menasche´ P et al. ‘‘Myoblast transplan- autologous bladders for patients needing monia in 1 patient and late endocrine dys- tation for heart failure.’’ Lancet 357, 279–280; cytoplasty, The Lancet 367, 1241–1246, 15 function (hypothyroidism or hypogonadism) Jan 27, 2001. April 2006. in 2 others. There was no mortality.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8687 Conclusions: High-dose immunosup- hind other countries in a cutting-edge Today that potential is in our hands. pression and AHST were performed with ac- field. We need to do everything we can to ceptable toxicity in a small number of pa- Because of the President’s imposed make sure that that research is done so tients with newly diagnosed type 1 DM. With arbitrary limits, we are now in this families such as mine have hope and AHST, beta cell function was increased in all but 1 patient and induced prolonged insulin country surrendering our scientific opportunity in the future. independence in the majority of the patients. leadership to other countries. That can I hope we don’t see it continually Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Iden- have far-reaching consequences for our blocked by an ideological policy that tifier: NCT00315133. economy and for our future. puts politics over science. It is time to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- My State of Washington is home to change course and put our Government ator from Washington is recognized. world-class research institutions such on the side of the patients and their Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I yield as the University of Washington. I families and to give them hope again. myself 10 minutes from this side. want our country and institutions such Last month the Director of the Na- Mr. President, I come to the floor as that to be the leading edge of sci- tional Institutes of Health told us: today to speak out in strong support of entific frontiers so our country and all [I]t is clear today that American science the promising research that can save of us can benefit from the new ad- would be better served and the nation would lives and bring hope to millions of vances. be better served if we let our scientists have Americans. I will vote for the Stem The bill we are considering today and access to more cell lines . . . Cell Enhancement Act of 2007, and I will vote on this evening will lift the The NIH Director said that existing urge all of our colleagues to do so. President’s arbitrary restrictions and lines will not be sufficient for the re- More importantly, I urge President put in place expanded research under search that needs to be done, and he Bush to finally hear the voices of sci- strict ethical guidelines. It would di- said that adult stem cells do not have entists, medical leaders, patients, and rect the Department of Health and the same potential as embryonic stem more than 500 organizations that have Human Services to conduct and sup- cells. That is the scientific view of the said loudly and clearly that it is time port research on stem cells that are de- Director of the National Institutes of for promising research to move forward rived from frozen embryos that are now Health. The Senate and the President in this country. It is time to take the stored in fertility clinics that would would be very wise to heed his counsel. handcuffs off of our scientists, those otherwise be destroyed. This bill also I know what it is like to grow up who say they will then be able to pur- promotes research into finding alter- with someone who has a serious illness. sue what all Americans are hoping for native ways to derive stem cells that I can only imagine what it would have and promising research for so many do not involve the destruction of an been like to know there was hope and diseases that impact so many of our embryo. This bill imposes strong eth- a chance for a cure. I know of many families. For too long, this President ical guidelines. In fact, the guidelines families out there who have been wait- has allowed politics and ideology to in this bill are even stricter than the ing for this day in the Senate, for us to trump lifesaving research. We have to President’s policy. vote and pass this important stem cell correct that mistake. The bill, S. 5, we Embryonic stem cell research is a research bill. I commend Senator HAR- are considering today shows us how. relatively young field. These cells were KIN for his perseverance in coming Throughout this country, Americans not even isolated in humans until 1998. back and again pushing at this as one are suffering from diseases such as Par- Scientists believe that embryonic stem of the first pieces of legislation we con- kinson’s, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, mul- cells are more valuable than adult sider in this Congress. We all know it tiple sclerosis, and they and their fami- stem cells because they can develop has a ways to go. We know the Presi- lies are looking to us for help. We have into any type of cell or tissue in the dent has said he might veto it. I hope scientists and researchers who are so body. Think of all the veterans who are he doesn’t. I hope he sends a message eager to provide that help, but today, coming home from the war in Iraq who to some young girl out there whose dad as we all know, their hands are tied by have spinal cord injuries. Think of all has just been diagnosed with multiple the arbitrary restrictions President the veterans of the first gulf war who sclerosis that we are a country of hope Bush imposed back in 2001. are now being diagnosed with multiple once again. I believe we can allow research on sclerosis and who could be helped by I urge my colleagues to vote for S. 5. embryonic stem cells, and we can do so this promising research. I look forward to its passage today, with strong ethical guidelines that are In my own family, I have seen up moving through conference. I hope it required under this legislation. close and personally the impact a dis- will be signed by the President. Back in August of 2001, President ease such as multiple sclerosis can I yield the floor. Bush greatly limited the number of have. When I was 15 years old, my dad Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how embryonic stem cells that were avail- was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. much time remains? able for federally funded research. I saw him in just a few years going The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Those limits were based on inaccurate from working to being someone who ator from Iowa has 7 minutes remain- science and ideology, and they have re- was home in a wheelchair every single ing. stricted our ability to make progress. day every single minute. For the rest Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, we are At the time, the White House said of his life, my father was confined to a getting close to the end of the debate, there were 78 stem cell lines available wheelchair. I can’t tell you what a pro- we have some floor time in the next for federally funded research, but now found impact that had on my family. hour or so to go back and forth. I we know there are only 21 such lines. My mom had to stay home and raise thought I might take a few moments Researchers, those men and woman myself and my six brothers and sisters. now to talk about why it is so nec- whom we count on to find cures to the She had to go back to work and get a essary to have NIH do this kind of re- diseases that impact so many, believe job and she had to stay home and take search, to oversee this research. The it is imperative to have access to care of him, all at the same time. It Senator from Oklahoma said that a lot newer, more promising stem cell lines was a very difficult time for my fam- of research is going on now on embry- that do not pose the risk of contamina- ily. The medical bills were amazing. onic stem cells. To be sure, it is. It is tion. The challenges my family went going on in different States, in private The first consequence of the Presi- through because of my dad’s illness institutions, in England and Australia dent’s restriction has been to limit were incredible. I can only imagine and France and Japan and Singapore hope and to limit progress for families what it might have been like had there and a few other countries. Why do we who suffer from these diseases. The been a cure for MS for my family and want to get the Federal Government second impact has been to push embry- for thousands of others. When I was involved? First, there is no other area onic stem cell research overseas. That growing up, the promise of this type of of medical research in which we say means that our country is falling be- research was not even on the horizon. the Federal Government should step

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8688 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 aside and let the States do it. I know of bryos that are slated to be discarded at lines from that former real estate guy no other area of medical research. IVF clinics. With all due respect to my than the many doctors I have talked I always look at the human genome friend from Georgia, S. 30 does not do to. project. What if we had said to the that. S. 5, if passed, will do everything I also thank my colleague from Iowa. States: We are not going to do it. You that S. 30 wants to do. If S. 5 passes, I went to law school at the University do it. They might have sequenced one what they want to do in S. 30 can be of Iowa. I think I have some Iowa gene or another or let the private sec- done by NIH. The problem with S. 30 is, roots. The Senator from Iowa has been tor do it. They would have been getting if S. 30 passes and S. 5 doesn’t, then S. a champion of those with disabilities, patents on it or everything like. Now 30 is very limited. It says you can only of disability rights, a champion of hope we have the mapping and sequencing of use these few embryos that are natu- for a long time. In this debate there is the entire human gene, and you can go rally dead which, by the way, I don’t so much we agree on. Where we dis- online and get it, free to everybody. think there is such a scientific term, agree, though, is that S. 30 is not about Any researcher anywhere can get it. but it has been bandied about here and a few small lines. S. 30 is about opening Now they may take that and develop it it is in the bill. There is no such sci- up embryonic stem cell research, re- into drugs and therapies. That is fine. entific delineation of what is naturally search on pluripotent embryonic stem That is that sort of symbiotic relation- dead. cells, in part, one technique being dead ship we have developed very well be- So that is the situation we are in. S. embryos; another technique being al- tween the private pharmaceutical in- 5 will do both. It will open new stem ternate nuclear transfer, all of which dustry and the basic research industry, cell lines with ethical guidelines. It have numerous scientists who say which is NIH. will allow them to extract stem cells there is hope for moving the science Again, our National Institutes of from these nonviable embryos. S. 30 forward, and we could do it in a way Health should be involved in overseeing will not. S. 30 still will not permit us that doesn’t involve the destruction of this, because if we don’t have a coher- to get the healthy stem cell lines our the human embryo so we don’t cross a ent Federal policy on stem cells, each researchers need. That is why we need moral line but we have all the research State writes its own rules. That means to pass S. 5. we want. that different States may have dif- Mr. President, how much time do I You may ask: How can something so ferent ethical guidelines. One State have remaining? small be so important? To my right is would be different from another. You The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- a chart showing a pinhead. These are would wind up with a patchwork quilt ator has 21⁄2 minutes remaining. the embryonic stem cells right there. of laws. Then you would wind up with Mr. HARKIN. I will conclude my 21⁄2 They are the size of a pinhead. That is States competing against each other. minutes then by referring to the other how big they are. How could something So California gets to doing stem cell chart. Again, we have to keep in mind so small be so important? Size is not research, and what it does is, it hires that the policy now in effect, the pol- the measure of moral meaning. If you researchers away from Missouri. Then icy in effect right now says we could look at it, this point of view from outer Missouri is hiring people away from use Federal money to examine and do space, and look at the people, that is Iowa and then Ohio. Then New York is research on embryonic stem cells that small, but that crowd has meaning. If trying to bid people away from Ohio. were derived prior to 9 p.m., August 9, you look at it from a universe perspec- You get this terrible State-versus- 2001. But we can’t use Federal money tive to the Earth, boy, that is really State kind of competition in stem cell to examine or to do research on stem small. You can’t even see it. It is not research. cells derived after 9 p.m., August 9, even the size of a pinhead. Or our gal- We don’t want that. We ought to be 2001. Those are morally unacceptable. axy, if I had a picture of the universe, doing it on a national basis, a national Before 9 p.m., August 9, 2001, that is our galaxy would be the size of a pin- effort, and we should not lose the inter- morally OK. After 9 p.m., it is not mor- head. What we are talking about today national leadership we have always had ally OK. Who decided that 9 p.m. on has meaning. We have an opportunity in biomedical research. Should we give August 9, 2001, was some kind of moral in this country to come together and it up to Singapore or to Korea or Eng- dividing line, that stem cells derived put the politics aside, the ideological land? No. We have always been the before that, that is OK, but stem cells divisions aside. The debate over Fed- leader in the world in biomedical re- derived after that, that is not OK? Only eral funding, which has been long- search, and we should continue. one person decided that, and that was standing Federal policy, we do not pro- Secondly, the issue of why we have to President Bush. vide Federal funding for the destruc- expand our stem cell policy. Again, I The people of this country didn’t de- tion of a human embryo, and we don’t repeat, for the sake of emphasis, of cide that. Ethicists didn’t decide that. have to. We come together with the those 78 cell lines that were supposedly Theologians didn’t decide that. Sci- same intention. We come together with available on August 9, 2001, only 21 entists didn’t decide that. President the same perspective, with the same have been available. A lot of them are Bush decided that. It is sheer hypocrisy hope. sick. They are not propagating prop- to say we can fund those before, but we There are two paths to follow. One is erly. They are unhealthy. Right now can’t fund those after. That is the situ- S. 5, which will be vetoed and, in the NIH is only using between four and six ation we find ourselves in today. end, what we will have tomorrow in of these lines and even they, I have Let’s take off the handcuffs. Let’s get terms of research is what we have been told, are not very healthy. So the rid of that fake moral dividing line today, well intentioned, but again, un- restrictions we have had by the Bush that has no substance in reality and fortunately, because the moral line is administration, since August 9, 2001, let’s get on with finding the cures for crossed and the division that will cre- have resulted in a situation where people with Parkinson’s and Alz- ate, it will be vetoed. There will be no fewer and fewer viable good stem cell heimer’s and spinal cord injuries. That movement forward. lines are available for NIH researchers. is what S. 5 is all about. But if we pass S. 30, we have the op- However, during that same period of I yield the floor. portunity to move the science forward, time in other sectors, we have derived The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who to create a full range of pluripotent over 400 different cell lines. Yet no one yields time? embryonic stem cells. By the way, if who gets NIH funding is able to do any The Senator from Minnesota. you are just using IVF stem cells, it is research on these healthy embryonic Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, I a narrow universe. But with the dead stem cell lines. That is why we need to thank my colleague, the Senator from embryo and the altered nuclear trans- develop these. We need to expand it. Georgia, for his leadership on this fer, you can cover every race and eth- That is what S. 5 does. S. 5 takes off issue, his passion, his knowledge. He is nic group in America. the handcuffs. It lets us use, under not a biologist, but I have learned more The science has gotten way ahead of strict ethical guidelines, those em- about God and principle and stem cell the politics. We can put ideology aside.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8689 We can put political division aside. We returned from Biafra, where there was stem cells derived from level III Gard- can offer real hope and real advance- a terrible famine at that time, he said: ner principle derivation or those de- ment without crossing a moral line. Some people see things as they are, and rived from an arrested or a dead em- Why wouldn’t we do that? I hope my ask, why?—referring to famine. I— bryo. colleagues see the wisdom in offering meaning him—see things as they never So I would submit my passion for S. hope, in moving the science forward, were and ask, why not? 30 is in the hope of finding cures, in the and not falling victim to a Presidential That is what this is all about. Why hope of avoiding a veto, and, instead, veto, but that, in the end, by next year not find cures? And why not find ways having an investment in the further- saying we have more Federal dollars to seek those cures that pass the test ance of science that can grow exponen- going into embryonic stem cell re- we desire to pass that S. 30 portends? I tially because of the unlimited moral search, research on pluripotent stem have stated on more than one occasion and ethical access that would exist to- cells, stem cells that have the capacity the methodology and the derivation of ward these stem cells. to be perhaps anything. We don’t know, these stem cells. It has been questioned I conclude by encouraging all the but there is still hope. a couple of times, but facts are stub- Members of the Senate to thoughtfully There is a lot of research that has to born. BGO1, BG02, and BG03, currently consider S. 30 and encourage them to go into it, but we can open the doors under the investment domain of the vote for it as a step in the right direc- tion, the opening of a door that has, in with the passage of S. 30. I urge my col- National Institutes of Health—lines for fact, not been shut but stuck, and an leagues to vote for S. 30. which diabetes research, neurological opportunity to do what everybody in With that, I yield the floor and yield progenitor cell research, and other re- this Chamber has stated affirmatively back the remainder of our time. search takes place at this very day— they want to do; that is, provide hope The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- were all derived from embryos that had for those who do not have it, expand re- ator from Georgia. passed the seventh day following in search in the public domain at the Na- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, it is vitro fertilization, were naturally dead tional Institutes of Health, and invest my understanding, according to the or arrested but contained pluripotent tax dollars ethically in a process that unanimous consent agreement, we have embryonic stem cells. brings a promise of hope to every sin- four 10-minute periods. I might add, in vitro fertilization gle American. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- takes place every day in the United Mr. President, I yield back my time. ator is correct. States of America. My family has been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, it is touched by it. Many families have been ator from Iowa is recognized. further my understanding the first of touched by it. In each of those proc- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, again, those four periods is controlled by me; esses, the development of those em- let me ask, we have, I guess, 20 min- is that correct? bryos goes through the three stages I utes; is that right? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Each have referred to: Gardner principle I, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Senator controls 10 minutes in no par- the first 72 hours; Gardner principle II, ator from Iowa controls 10 minutes. ticular order. the next 4 days; and then those there- The designee of the majority leader Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I will after where the cells stop dividing, controls 10 minutes. take that time as allocated. where the pluripotent stem cells exist Mr. HARKIN. Yes. I yield 5 minutes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- but the embryo is not implanted. to the Senator from Utah. ator from Georgia is recognized for 10 Now, there have been some who have Mr. HATCH. I thank my colleague. minutes. talked about: Well, there is no evidence The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I thank of success yet in stem cells. I join Sen- ator from Utah is recognized for 5 min- utes. the Senator from Iowa and the Senator ator HARKIN in his statement that the Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I am from Minnesota for their diligent work only way you find out about evidence over the last 2 days on the floor of the going to vote for S. 30. I do not think of success is by doing the research. But it does anything more than the current Senate dealing with this issue. I ad- I want to read something I think is im- mire the passion of both. I am so law is but, nevertheless, I appreciate portant and I am proud to share be- the intentions of the two Senators, my pleased their passion is rooted in their cause research that has been done on belief, which I share, that we can move dear friends, who have done this. BGO1 and 03—two of those three lines Mr. President, as this debate draws science forward, that we can enhance derived in this methodology—have had to a close, I want to take one last op- research for what are currently incur- significant research conducted on them portunity to give my strong endorse- able diseases, and that we can do so in in a number of areas. This has a little ment to the need for our country to the public domain. bit of technical language, but it ex- provide a better level of support for a Senator HARKIN made a very good presses the promise and the hope the very promising line of scientific in- statement—he has made a number of Senator from Iowa and I and the Sen- quiry: embryonic stem cell research. good statements, but he made a good ator from Minnesota have all talked While I will vote in favor of both statement a little bit ago about why about. I quote: bills, it is S. 5, the Stem Cell Research NIH is important. NIH is important be- The directed differentiation of BGO1 and Enhancement Act of 2007, that provides cause the research gets in the public BG03 cells to neuroepithelia and multiple the promise of making a dramatic, yet domain, not in the proprietary domain differentiated neuronal lineages, including ethical, difference in the lives of so of an investor or someone who is hop- cells expressing multiple markers of the many. S. 5 offers people hope who have ing to find something but does not midbrain dopaminergic lineage, has pre- no hope today. S. 5 has the potential to want to share that with anybody else. viously been demonstrated. save lives. S. 5 opens up a door to med- So it is important to find a way to get ‘‘Previously been demonstrated.’’ ical research that offers much promise the NIH investment in the embryonic That statement was confirming the re- to both the scientific community and stem cell research. S. 5 and S. 30 ap- search on BG01 and 03, designed to see the patient community. And why is proach it from a different direction, if there was a way to develop neuro- that? Because S. 5 allows the Federal but the goal in the end is the same; logical cells that could carry the hope Government to fund the most prom- that is, to further the science and to for cures to spinal cord injury and, in ising line of stem cell research—embry- find cures. fact, to neurological cell or brain cell onic stem cell research—and S. 30 does I grew up in the 1950s and 1960s. In injury. not. the 1960s, I am reminded of a statement From the research on those three Make no mistake about it. Under the I heard—often repeated—by then Sen- lines, a patent is now pending on a neu- current policy, the President’s policy, ator and previously Attorney General rological progenitor cell process, which our Government does support embry- Robert Kennedy. I remember a par- is a real advancement from embryonic onic stem cell research. All S. 5 would ticular speech he made, when, having stem cell research, from embryonic do is expand that policy.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8690 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 To those who raise questions about quencing the human genome. While this ac- Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I thank the ethicality of this bill, I answer this complishment—the work of many in the pub- Senator HATCH and Senator HARKIN for way: If it was ethical to implement lic and private sectors—is of historical sig- their leadership on this vital issue. such a policy in 2001—and I have heard nificance, it is only the end of the beginning The Senate today has conducted a in a new era of our understanding of the bio- little criticism about that—then it logical sciences. Over your next eight years very dignified debate on an issue that should be ethical to adopt S. 5 as well. in office, you have an unprecedented oppor- brings us right to the edge of science Let me underscore the need for this tunity to provide the personal leadership re- and faith. I have argued for several bill with what one of the leading em- quired to see to it that your Administration years now that science and faith need bryonic stem cell researchers in our will be remembered by future historians as not be in conflict on this issue. I have country has had to say. I am speaking the beginning of the end for such deadly and always supported in vitro fertilization, about the University of Utah’s eminent debilitating diseases as cancer, Alzheimer’s believing that is a noble way to help researcher, Dr. Mario Cappecchi. and diabetes. infertile couples to be parents. For the benefit of each Senator, the That is what S. 5 is all about—pro- Today in America there are probably doctor has boiled down the arguments viding a potential new avenue of re- a million children who are now Ameri- in favor of the Government funding search that may lead to treatments cans because of this process. The inevi- embryonic stem cell research. I think and cures for many diseases that afflict table consequence, however, of in vitro it bears repeating, as this is knowledge many families across our Nation and fertilization is that excess embryos are crucial to each Member’s under- the world. created. The question we are debating standing of what is one of the most While I have no objections to S. 30, is, frankly, whether they constitute critical issues facing this body today. let us not delude ourselves into think- human life, when does life begin. Indeed, I believe history will judge us ing it is the best solution. S. 5 is the My colleague, Senator HATCH, has ar- very harshly if we allow this great op- bill that will clearly make a signifi- gued nobly and long for the proposition portunity to pass us by. We have to cant difference in the future of medical that life begins not with a scientist, it support this research which to date research for all of the reasons I have begins with a mother. It begins when holds forth more promise than other outlined today. cells and spirit are joined to create a types of stem cell inquiry. In the inter- For those who oppose any type of em- living soul. If you have an embryo in a est of all those who suffer from debili- bryonic stem cell research, let me say petri dish and you leave it there for tating diseases and hope for deliver- this: For the life of me, I cannot under- 1,000 years, at the end of that time, you ance, I implore my colleagues to vote stand how we can destroy 7,000 to 20,000 will have an embryo in a petri dish for for S. 5 and send a clear message to the live in vitro fertilized eggs every the simple, logical reason that life be- American people that we want this re- year—just destroy them, kill them— gins with mom. Life begins with the search to be expanded for the good of without using those for the benefit of— joining of flesh and the spirit. Then the mankind—of all mankind. let’s just choose one malady—kids with question becomes: Is it more moral to There should be Federal funding for diabetes, virulent diabetes, who might throw all these embryos away or is it embryonic stem cell research because: lose their eyes, their hands, their feet. more moral to allow them to be uti- No. 1, it is a potential source of cures; Why wouldn’t we do everything in our lized for medical miracles? I have No. 2, embryonic stem cells grow power to utilize those rather than cast reached the conclusion that we cannot quickly and are versatile; No. 3, in con- them aside as hospital waste? I cannot have tomorrow’s miracles if we tie sci- trast, adult stem cells grow slowly; No. understand that. That is not pro-life; 4, adult stem cells are very restricted entists’ hands with yesterday’s rules. that is prodeath. Frankly, being pro- I believe we can, consistent with reli- in what cell types they can produce; life is not just caring for the unborn, it gion, faith, science, and logic, allow No. 5, the tissue in many important or- is caring for the living as well. embryonic stem cell research to pro- gans does not have adult stem cells so While I will be voting for both S. 5 ceed. We should do this because it is therapies for diseases involving those and S. 30, I believe that S. 5 is clearly tissues would not be readily approach- morally right. We should do this be- preferable to S. 30. S. 5 permits Federal cause the U.S. Government needs to able by adult stem cell-based therapy; funding for embryonic stem cell re- No. 6, the usefulness of existing embry- show up to work on this vital issue. We search, S. 30 does not. S. 5 is the bill should do this because the resources we onic stem cell lines is extremely lim- that will clearly make a significant ited; No. 7, somatic cell nuclear trans- can provide and the ethical boundaries difference in the future of medical re- we can create are essential for this new fer is an important research tool; No. 8, search for all of the reasons I have out- SCNT allows production of patient-spe- area of science to go forward, giving us lined today. a chance to cure some of the most hor- cific stem cells to treat complex I urge all of my colleagues to vote in rible maladies that afflict humankind, human diseases like Alzheimer’s and favor of S. 5. Parkinson’s; No. 9, lack of Government The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- whether it is Lou Gehrig’s, whether it commitment means lack of future re- ator has used 5 minutes. is Parkinson’s, childhood diabetes, can- searchers; and No. 10, the health and Mr. HATCH. I thank my dear col- cer, and more. We can’t overpromise, economic implications of human stem league for allowing me to make those but the people afflicted with this that cell research are enormous. Other remarks on the floor. This is an impor- I see all the time in the State of Or- countries have realized this; we are in tant debate. I hope we can get the 67 egon need our best effort, and they grave danger of falling behind. votes that are essential because we are need us to keep hope alive. I read Dr. Cappecchi’s points again going to get them someday. It is just, So I urge my colleagues to vote for for one reason—I want all of my col- why put it off another 2 years? both the bills before us today because leagues to recognize that much is I thank my colleague. it is a morally right thing to do. It is weighing in the balance on today’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- a pro-life thing to do. It is important vote. ator from Iowa is recognized. that an ethic of life care for the unborn Therefore, I ask my colleagues to Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I thank as well as for those who are living, consider carefully the positions they my colleague, my friend from Utah, for both the sanctity of life and the qual- take today. a very strong, very powerful, poignant ity of life. In the interests of all those who suf- statement. There has been no stronger I believe life begins with mom, not in fer from debilitating diseases and hope leader in this Senate on health, life a science lab. Because of that, I am for deliverance, I urge my colleagues to issues than Senator HATCH. I thank voting for this, and I do so with respect vote for S. 5. him for his support of S. 5. for the feelings of my colleagues who Let me close by making a point I Mr. President, I yield 5 minutes to have a different theological conclusion. made to President Bush back in 2001: Senator SMITH of Oregon. I believe that scripture and science are In the opening days of your term in office, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- not in conflict on this issue and that scientists have completed the task of se- ator from Oregon is recognized. life begins with mother.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8691 With that I yield the floor, and I urge volved. We can leave it up to the States neurons, bone cells, heart muscle cells. and affirm the vote on both these im- and private entities. Well, we can’t do We know that it can be done. Yet our portant pieces of legislation. that. We need coherence. We need to scientists are handcuffed today because The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. have the crown jewel of the Federal of the policy laid down by President OBAMA). Who yields time? Government, the National Institutes of Bush on August 9 of 2001. It is time to Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how Health, to oversee this so we have lift those restrictions. much time remains? good, strong ethical guidelines, so we Some say the President will veto this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have compatibility, so we have the bill. We can’t decide what we do around ator has 10 minutes of time as designee kind of interplay between scientists here because a President—any Presi- of the majority leader. that is necessary to advance scientific dent—threatens to veto something. We Mr. HARKIN. I thought I had 12 min- research. To leave it up to the States have to do what is right. We have to do utes left, until 5:15. Well, anyway, in means we will have a patchwork quilt what the people of America want us to closing, first let me thank my col- of laws all over this country when it do. We have to do what is in the best leagues, Senator ISAKSON, Senator should be a national effort—a national interests of this country as we see our COLEMAN, Senator BROWNBACK, and effort. Then we will have States bid- duty to do it. I hope the President will others who have participated in this ding against one another for scientists sign this bill. I hope he will see we have debate. It has been a very informed and to come to their States to do this re- made our compromises, that we have a very good debate over the last 2 days. search. We don’t want that to happen. strong ethical guidelines, that this is I thank my colleague, Senator ISAK- Lastly, we cannot afford to lose our the way to give hope to Karli SON, for his many courtesies. There global leadership in biomedical re- Borcherding. were a lot of things we agree on and ob- search. We, the United States of Amer- So I hope we don’t fall prey to: Well, viously there are things we disagree ica, have always been the world’s lead- we can’t pass this because the Presi- on, but that is the march of legislation er in biomedical research. All the great dent will veto it. We have to do what in the Senate. I wish to thank Senator scientific discoveries, whether it is the we think is right. The right thing to do ISAKSON and others for their speeches polio vaccine, smallpox, all these is to support S. 5. As Senator HATCH so and for their insight into this very im- things that have made our lives better; eloquently said, let those thousands of portant issue. I particularly wish to all the new drugs we have for fighting embryos that are being discarded every thank Senator HATCH and Senator AIDS around the world came from the year in in vitro fertilization clinics, let SMITH for their great leadership on this United States. All the cancer interven- them be used to provide life to other and so many other health issues in the tions, the reason cancer is now on the people, hope to Karli Borcherding, hope Senate and for their very poignant, decline is because of biomedical re- for people suffering from multiple scle- very powerful statements they made on search in this country. We can’t afford rosis, spinal cord injuries. To me, that the Senate floor. to lose that to other countries. We is the true ethical course to take. That I started this whole debate yesterday need to keep it in America. is the guideline I think we must follow. morning by talking about hope, hope So what it comes down to in the final Let those embryos be used to provide for cures for Parkinson’s, to repair spi- analysis is simply this: If you want to hope to these people. nal cord injuries, to end the scourge of promote good science, vote for S. 5. If Mr. President, I see my colleague and juvenile diabetes, to lift the death sen- you want strong ethical standards, S. 5 a cosponsor of our bill who has been a tence of those afflicted with Lou has the strongest ethical guidelines, leader on this issue for so many years, Gehrig’s disease, or ALS, hope for fam- stronger than what the Bush adminis- and I yield the remainder of our time ilies with someone lost to Alzheimer’s tration has right now and stronger to Senator SPECTER of Pennsylvania. disease. S. 5, the bill before us that will than any other bill that has come be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- be our first vote, is a bill that provides fore the floor of the Senate. If you ator from Pennsylvania is recognized. this hope, not a hope based on dreams want to move ahead with more cell Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, on so or fiction but based on solid scientific lines, as Dr. Zerhouni wants, S. 5 is the many merits, the support has been foundation. It is why 525 disease-re- bill that will provide those cell lines. If overwhelming to allow Federal funds lated groups and research institutions you want to put embryonic stem cell to be used for embryonic stem cell re- and universities all support S. 5, be- research into overdrive, to make it a search. There are 400,000 of these em- cause it has solid scientific foundation. national priority to do this research, S. bryos which will be discarded. If they It is why the Director of NIH, Dr. 5 will put it into overdrive. If you want can produce life, no one would want to Zerhouni, recently said more embry- to say to Karli Borcherding right here, have research done. The fact is we ap- onic stem cell lines needed to be inves- age 12, using 120 needles a month to propriated $2 million and only about tigated: give herself insulin shots because she 135,000 of those 400,000 embryos have It is clear today that American science has juvenile diabetes; if you want to been used. So it is a matter of use them would be better served and the Nation would say to Karli Borcherding and all the or lose them, pure and simple. be better served if we let our scientists have other kids with juvenile diabetes, if The only reason not to advance this access to more cell lines. you want to say to them that we are research is on the life issue, and that is That is what S. 5 does: provides more going to give you hope, we are going to gone. We have had some of the cell lines. give you hope that your diabetes will staunchest pro-life supporters in this It is why the former Director of NIH, be cured, hope that you can live a full Chamber endorsing this bill and this Dr. Varmus, a Nobel laureate, supports and normal life; if you want to say to concept. The potential for medical re- S. 5, to take the handcuffs off our sci- those families who have a loved one search to cure or ameliorate the worst entists. I wish to make it again abun- suffering from Alzheimer’s, we are maladies of our era will be present with dantly clear, as there has been a lot of going to give you hope; if you want to the use of embryonic stem cell re- misinformation in the last couple of say to those who have a family member search. What is involved here is when days on the floor, that S. 5 somehow suffering from Parkinson’s disease or the people of the United States will contains money for the destruction of under the death sentence of ALS, we demonstrate sufficient political will to embryos. That is not true. I challenge are going to give you hope—hope not insist that the Congress and the White anyone to show me in the bill any- based upon fiction, not based upon House adopt legislation to use Federal where where it contains any money for some will-of-the-wisp thoughts that funding for embryonic stem cell re- the destruction of embryos. It is sim- somebody might have but hope based search. That is the only question. ply not true. Anyone who says other- on solid science that scientists know We started this on December 2, 1998, wise is simply not being accurate. we can use. with the first hearing, and we have There are those who say: Well, the We have already taken embryonic made a fair amount of progress. It is Federal Government shouldn’t get in- stem cells and made nerve cells, motor my hope the President will sign the bill

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 and not veto it, but he has already said Although life is a continuous process, fer- reviewed, real human treatments and he will veto the bill. So with 110 mil- tilization is a critical landmark because, applications using adult stem cells. lion Americans directly, personally, or under ordinary circumstances, a new, geneti- Now, with the breaking news yesterday indirectly, through families with a cally distinct human organism is thereby on juvenile diabetes from Northwestern formed. . . . stake on their health and on their fam- University in Chicago, worked on in ily’s health, it is a question of when It takes place in the beginning. The Brazil, we are at 73. Again, there re- America will move to insist the Con- embryo is not ‘‘potential life,’’ it is main no embryonic stem cell applica- gress act and, if necessary, override a human life at that particular stage of tions. Presidential veto. It is not a question development in the life cycle con- I say to my colleagues, remember of if it will be done, it is a question of tinuum. That is not SAM BROWNBACK; Jacki Rabon, a lady from Illinois, a when. I hope this discussion and the that is biology. The embryo would con- constituent of the Senators from Illi- proceedings now will motivate the tinue along the life cycle continuum if nois, who has spinal cord injuries. She American people to say to Washington: we were not interfering in its normal had to go to Portugal to be treated. Do Get it done. development by keeping it in a freezer not divert funds away from successful The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- or destroying it for experiments. adult stem cell treatments and force ator’s time has expired. With the scientific fact in hand, we your constituents to go to Portugal at The Senator from Kansas, under the evaluate the facts in light of our eth- great personal expense. Vote against S. previous agreement, is now controlling ical framework. For instance, we know 5 and put the money into adult stem time and has 10 minutes. the human embryo is a human life, so cell research. Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I how should we treat it? Remember David Foege. For your want to give two numbers to my col- Human life has immeasurable value— constituents who have heart disease, leagues: 613 and zero—$613 million we can all agree on that—from the do not divert funds away from success- spent on embryonic stem cell research youngest to the oldest. Human beings ful adult stem cell treatments. Do not since 2002 and the number of human are ends in themselves. It is wrong to force your constituents to go to Bang- treatments we have to show for it, use any human as a means to an end, kok at great personal expense. Vote which is zero, 613 to zero. I think those period. That has happened in human against S. 5. are two important numbers to remem- history before. It has always been re- Remember Dennis Turner. For your ber when what we are after is cures, gretted. Our value is intrinsic. Yes, we constituents with Parkinson’s, don’t and we have cures to show. We have want to help and treat people with divert funds away from successful cures that are working, and we can medical conditions, but we must not adult stem cell treatments. Let us pro- take the next $613 million and invest it trample upon any human to achieve vide these treatments here in America. in places that are getting cures, such such a good end. Vote against S. 5. as adult stem cells, cord blood, and Treatments. There remain no embry- Remember the 13 diabetes patients amniotic fluid. onic human treatments or applications whom we learned about yesterday who Do we want to spend another $613 despite 25 years of embryonic work in have gone 3 years insulin-free using a million and use Federal taxpayer dol- animal models and a decade of work treatment with their own adult stem lars to destroy young human life in the with human embryonic stem cells, and cells. Don’t divert these funds away process—an ethical boundary we have $613 million has been invested since from this area. Vote against S. 5. not thought wise to cross before? Do we 2002 at the Federal level. That doesn’t Mr. President, the Proverbs tell us that there is a way that seems right to want to cross that boundary and spend include States, private, and other gov- man, but its end is the way of death. more money and still not get results, ernments. That seems right to some people. I re- when we have a proven route we can What we have learned about embry- spect their opinion and I respect them, take? onic stem cells is that these cells form I urge my colleagues to reject and but its end is the way of death. Killing tumors when implanted. The scientific vote against S. 5 on two grounds. No. 1, young human life harms us as a cul- literature abounds with such stories. If ethical grounds. Embryonic stem cell ture, when we treat human life as prop- you read this article from ‘‘Stem research, even if presented in sup- erty. We have done that, and we don’t Cells,’’ you will find this: posedly ethical terms, remains uneth- like the history associated with it. ical, with the destruction of human The expression of the insulin gene could be These embryonic stem cells form tu- life. No. 2, practical grounds. We don’t demonstrated only when the cells differen- mors. Tumors remind me of death. Do tiated in vivo into teratomas. have an infinite budget, and in the we want to go that way, even though it stem cell field, we need to put our Those are tumors. may seem right? These embryos are money into areas where we are getting Moving from the ethical to the prac- going to be destroyed, so why not? real results—the adult field—and not tical, should we put millions or billions Somebody on death row is going to be divert them to the speculative embry- of dollars into speculative research on destroyed, so why not? Because they onic stem cell field. Let the private these tumor-forming embryonic stem have dignity, and they remain dig- sector or the States do it. If they want cells or should we put our money where nified. We should treat them with dig- to go into these areas, they can do so. we are already getting strong results nity, as we should here. Vote against S. Let me discuss ethics. Will we sanc- with adult stem cells? 5. tion the destruction of nascent human I have this. It is the front page of the I yield the floor. life with Federal taxpayer dollars? research journals on adult and cord f That is the central question sur- blood stem cell research and the suc- HONORING OUR ARMED FORCES rounding S. 5. Those voting for it cesses since 2002. Are there similar files would say yes. I say no. I respect my for embryonic stem cells? No, there are STAFF SERGEANT BRADLEY D. KING colleagues who look at this differently, none. Adult stem cells have no ethical Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise but those are the facts. strings attached. You can get them today with a heavy heart and deep No. 2, individuals should be treated from an adult without causing the pa- sense of gratitude to honor the life of a with respect, whoever they are, wher- tient harm; you can harvest them from brave young man from Gas City. Brad- ever they are located, at whatever age rich cord blood, and, as noted in the ley King, 28 years old, was killed on or stage of life they are in. We should Journal of the American Medical Asso- April 2 while deployed in Al Amiriyah, avoid prejudices. Each individual has ciation on March 7 of this year, they Iraq, when a roadside bomb exploded an inalienable right to life. can be obtained from amniotic fluid near his humvee. With his entire life Claims that embryos are merely ‘‘po- without causing harm to the unborn before him, Bradley risked everything tential life’’ are not supported by the child. to fight for the values Americans hold science. From biology textbooks, we When we started this debate yester- close to our hearts, in a land halfway learn: day, we were aware of at least 72 peer- around the world.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8693 Bradley attended Mississinewa High all of you, as I know He is with Brad- It is my sad duty to enter the name School, enlisting in the National Guard ley. of Neale M. Shank in the official in 1997, a year before his graduation in 1ST LIEUTENANT NEALE SHANK RECORD of the U.S. Senate for his serv- 1998. Bradley enjoyed the military and Mr. President, I also rise today with ice to this country and for his profound felt a sense of duty to serve his com- a heavy heart and deep sense of grati- commitment to freedom, democracy, munity and country. The day before he tude to honor the life of a brave young and peace. When I think about this just was deployed, Bradley told his mother man from Fort Wayne. Neale Shank, 25 cause in which we are engaged and the that he felt ‘‘called to serve in the years old, died on March 30 while de- unfortunate pain that comes with the military for his country.’’ His aunt de- ployed in Baghdad on Operation Iraqi loss of our heroes, I hope that families scribed Bradley as ‘‘a responsible Freedom. With his entire life before like Neale’s can find comfort in the young man determined to do his best him, Neale risked everything to fight words of the prophet Isaiah who said, for the people he loved.’’ for the values Americans hold close to ‘‘He will swallow up death in victory; Bradley was killed while serving his our hearts, in a land halfway around and the Lord God will wipe away tears country in Operation Iraqi Freedom. the world. from off all faces.’’ He was a member of the 2nd Battalion, Neale has been a lifelong Hoosier, May God grant strength and peace to 152nd Infantry Regiment, 76th Infantry graduating from Concordia Lutheran those who mourn, and may God be with Brigade, Marion, IN. MSG Bill Wallen, High School in Fort Wayne in 1999. all of you, as I know He is with Neale. King’s supervisor, told local media, ‘‘he First Lieutenant Shank graduated PRIVATE FIRST CLASS ORLANDO E. GONZALEZ was a heck of a human being, he’s what from the U.S. Military Academy at ∑ Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise everybody else needs to be in this West Point in 2005. His valor over the today to pay my respects to Private world.’’ Staff Sergeant King leaves be- course of his service in Iraq exemplifies First Class Orlando E. Gonzalez, who hind his wife Adrian and 15-month-old Hoosier values and courage. He decided last month lost his life in the service of son Daethan. to attend West Point because, as he put our country. Today, I join Bradley’s family and it, ‘‘it is not a job and it is not a way On the morning of Sunday, March 25, friends in mourning his death. While of life, the Army is my life.’’ Neale en- Private First Class Gonzalez was hand- we struggle to bear our sorrow over joyed the military, and he believed ing out candy to Iraqi children in the this loss, we can also take pride in the that throughout all the hardships they province of Diyala when a suicide example he set, bravely fighting to faced he and his company were helping bomber killed him and three other sol- make the world a safer place. It is his the Iraqi people. His grandfather de- diers. Private First Class Gonzalez was courage and strength of character that scribed his grandson to local media only 21 years old. people will remember when they think outlets as an adventurous, active per- Born in Bridgeport, CT, Orlando is of Bradley, a memory that will burn son saying, ‘‘He was all boy, he wasn’t being remembered today for his dedica- brightly during these continuing days no inside kid.’’ tion to the U.S. Army, and for his of conflict and grief. Neale died while serving his country warm and giving nature. ‘‘He always Bradley was known for his dedication in Operation Iraqi Freedom. He was a had a smile on his face,’’ said his high to his family and his love of country. member of the Headquarters and Head- school principal, Brian Cashman. ‘‘He Today and always, Bradley will be re- quarters Troop, 1st Squadron, 89th Cav- was kind of a handful, but you couldn’t membered by family members, friends, alry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division help but like him.’’ and fellow Hoosiers as a true American based in Fort Drum, NY. Private First Class Gonzalez rose hero, and we honor the sacrifice he Today, I join Neale’s family and above what his principal described as a made while dutifully serving his coun- friends in mourning his death. While ‘‘rough’’ background to find purpose try. we struggle to bear our sorrow over and discipline: first at a faith-based As I search for words to do justice in this loss, we can also take pride in the camp for students, and then as an honoring Bradley’s sacrifice, I am re- example he set, bravely fighting to American soldier. minded of President Lincoln’s remarks make the world a safer place. It is his ‘‘We just loved him around here,’’ as he addressed the families of the fall- courage and strength of character that said Patrick LeBlanc, director of Sum- en soldiers in Gettysburg: ‘‘We cannot people will remember when they think mit Grove Camp. The first thing that dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we of Neale, a memory that will burn came to LeBlanc’s mind on hearing of cannot hallow this ground. The brave brightly during these continuing days Orlando’s death was his infectious men, living and dead, who struggled of conflict and grief. playfulness. LeBlanc recalled seeing a here, have consecrated it, far above our Neale was known for his dedication wild rabbit on the camp grounds, and poor power to add or detract. The to his community and his love of coun- telling Orlando he was fast enough to world will little note nor long remem- try. Today and always, Neale will be catch it. Orlando only nodded—and a ber what we say here, but it can never remembered by family members, few hours later, knocked on LeBlanc’s forget what they did here.’’ This state- friends, and fellow Hoosiers as a true door, petting the rabbit and beaming. ment is just as true today as it was American hero, and we honor the sac- But it was in the Army that Private nearly 150 years ago, as I am certain rifice he made while dutifully serving First Class Gonzalez found, as so many that the impact of Bradley’s actions his country. have found before him, meaning and a will live on far longer than any record As I search for words to do justice in second home. ‘‘I think the Army is of these words. honoring Neale’s sacrifice, I am re- what he needed,’’ said Principal It is my sad duty to enter the name minded of President Lincoln’s remarks Cashman. Patrick LeBlanc agreed: ‘‘It of Bradley D. King in the official as he addressed the families of the fall- was the second happiest place I’d seen RECORD of the U.S. Senate for his serv- en soldiers in Gettysburg: ‘‘We cannot him, other than camp here. . . . He was ice to this country and for his profound dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we doing what he wanted to do.’’ commitment to freedom, democracy, cannot hallow this ground. The brave As a scout javelin gunner for the 82nd and peace. When I think about this just men, living and dead, who struggled Airborne Division, 3rd Brigade Combat cause in which we are engaged and the here, have consecrated it, far above our Team, 5th Squadron, 73rd Cavalry unfortunate pain that comes with the poor power to add or detract. The Regiment, Private First Class Gonzalez loss of our heroes, I hope that families world will little note nor long remem- immediately distinguished himself. like Bradley’s can find comfort in the ber what we say here, but it can never ‘‘On a daily basis, Private First Class words of the prophet Isaiah, who said, forget what they did here.’’ This state- Gonzalez displayed courage, honor, and ‘‘He will swallow up death in victory; ment is just as true today as it was selfless service in the struggle to keep and the Lord God will wipe away tears nearly 150 years ago, as I am certain America safe and improve the nation of from off all faces.’’ that the impact of Neale’s actions will Iraq,’’ said Captain John Carson of the May God grant strength and peace to live on far longer than any record of 73rd Cavalry. Private First Class Gon- those who mourn, and may God be with these words. zalez was already highly decorated at

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8694 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 the time of his death, and we can only Since its inception in 1961, the Peace oners nationwide end up back in prison wonder what an outstanding career Corps has helped change the lives of within just 3 years. They don’t manage might have been waiting for him. millions of people all over the world. to find and keep effective jobs and to Instead, Private First Class Gonzalez There is no organization that better care for themselves and their families. leaves behind two grieving parents, Or- demonstrates America’s commitment Many become a drain on their families lando G. Gonzalez of Bridgeport, and to developing nations than the Peace and a drain on the system. They are Carmen Diaz of New Freedom, PA. But Corps. more likely to resort to criminal activ- he leaves behind, as well, an example of I recently had the opportunity to ity and to perpetuate poverty and fam- dedication that won’t soon be dimmed. travel to South America and was able ily dysfunction. ‘‘This hero will be sorely missed and to meet with Peace Corps volunteers in Their failure is our failure since we will forever live in our memories,’’ said the Andean region. The numerous all share the high cost, lost opportuni- Captain Carson. projects they have been working on to ties, and other burdens of unemploy- Orlando, though, might have used help the local communities are truly ment, crime, community failure, and other words. ‘‘Call him a hero and he impressive. I have known several indi- cycles of recidivism. would get mad,’’ Orlando’s friend and viduals—members of my staff, former Fortunately, people have been hard pastor, the Reverend Paul interns and my own family members— at work in hundreds of communities and community organizations all Juchniewich, said in a funeral sermon. who have volunteered their service to across the country to improve the ‘‘He would just say he was doing his the Peace Corps. The stories of their process of reintegrating prisoners. As duty to rescue those who are in peril. experiences are remarkable. one example, the Safer Foundation in He did not die in a conventional battle, The gift of service is driven by a pas- Illinois has managed to cut the State’s but rather a battle for the hearts and sion for something greater than one’s recidivism rate by almost 50 percent minds of the future generation.’’ self. The men and women of the Peace for the people who receive Safer’s sup- The struggle’s outcome is still uncer- Corps possess this passion and have portive employment services. And shown what a difference one person can tain. But we will keep fresh the mem- Safer has further demonstrated that make. By helping individuals in devel- ory of one man who advanced it with ex-prisoners who are still employed all his strength, Private First Class Or- oping countries who seek a better life after 12 months of supportive services lando E. Gonzalez, whose last act on for themselves, their children, and have a recidivism rate of lower than 10 ∑ this Earth was to give. their communities, the Peace Corps percent. One of Safer’s program mod- f shows the world that Americans do els, funded by the U.S. Department of truly care. It is vital that the organiza- Labor, provides participants with job LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT tion and its volunteers continue this ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2005 placement and support services, and important work. Their service is great- matches them with mentors from the Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise ly appreciated, and I commend the neighborhoods where the participants today to speak about the need for hate Peace Corps and its volunteers on 46 reside. Only 2 percent of the partici- crimes legislation. Each Congress, Sen- years of successful service. pants in this community and faith- ator KENNEDY and I introduce hate f based program recidivated over a 2- crimes legislation that would add new SECOND CHANCE ACT year period. categories to current hate crimes law, One of the most effective reentry sending a signal that violence of any Mr. OBAMA. Mr. President, I rise strategies that Safer, the Heartland Al- kind is unacceptable in our society. today to speak in favor of the Recidi- liance for Human Needs and Human Likewise, each Congress I have come to vism Reduction and Second Chance Rights, and other nonprofit organiza- the floor to highlight a separate hate Act, a bill to strengthen community tions have devised is transitional jobs, crime that has occurred in our coun- safety and reduce poverty by improv- a strategy that worked for welfare to try. ing the reintegration of people return- work, and is now working for prison re- On April 7, 2007, in New York City, ing from prison. I am pleased to work turnees. In a transitional jobs program, NY, Akino George pleaded guilty for with Senators BIDEN, SPECTER, BROWN- former prisoners with employment his part in the beating of a gay man. BACK, and LEAHY as a cosponsor of this challenges are hired and paid a wage George and three other men attacked very important bill. for legitimate employment in a time- Kevin Aviance, a popular entertainer, It is estimated that approximately limited, subsidized job. The program after he left a gay bar. The four men 650,000 prisoners are released into com- not only offers real work, income, skill threw bags of garbage and a can of munities across America every year. development, and a letter of reference paint at Aviance before knocking him They have paid their debt to society and experience to add to their resume, to the ground, punching and kicking and now return to their homes and it also offers coaching and support him. Aviance suffered several injuries neighborhoods, to their families, and services to help participants overcome including a broken jaw. George testi- back to their lives. substantial barriers to employment, fied in his plea that Aviance was tar- The problem is that for most of these such as substance abuse or mental geted for being gay. returning prisoners, their families, health issues. The program focuses I believe that the government’s first neighborhoods, and prior lives often heavily on placement into unsubsidized duty is to defend its citizens, to defend lack what it takes to ensure successful work at the earliest possible time and them against the harms that come out reintegration. job retention services after placement. of hate. The Local Law Enforcement In the best of cases, incarcerated in- The participants in transitional jobs Enhancement Act is a symbol that can dividuals maintain contact with their programs gain an immediate source of become substance. I believe that by families and receive rehabilitation legitimate income upon release. They passing this legislation and changing services while in prison; they are re- also gain paid work experience, access current law, we can change hearts and leased to a network of law-abiding to professional counseling and training minds as well. peers and quickly find a rewarding job services, and a clear path to unsub- f that provides the skills and career de- sidized employment in the community. velopment for long-term opportunity. Employers gain access to a pipeline of TRIBUTE TO THE PEACE CORPS Released prisoners can help support supported workers who have dem- Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, today I their families, become active in their onstrated an ability to do the job and wish to congratulate the Peace Corps churches and other community organi- remain employable. Most of all, our on its 46th anniversary and to pay trib- zations, stay off drugs, away from trou- communities gain by helping ex-pris- ute to the many volunteers both at ble, on track, and out of jail. oners to contribute positively to fam- home and abroad for their dedicated Unfortunately, that rarely happens. ily, neighborhood, and the larger envi- service to our country. Up to two-thirds of all released pris- ronment.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8695 Too many people are caught up in work while attending college as part of accompanying papers, reports, and doc- the criminal justice system. Especially the University of Minnesota Duluth’s, uments, and were referred as indicated: within the African-American commu- UMD, National Student Employment EC–1271. A communication from the Ad- nity where nearly a third of Black Week. ministrator, Fruit and Vegetable Program, males will enter State or Federal pris- During the week of April 9–13, 2007, Department of Agriculture, transmitting, on sometime during their lifetime. UMD will honor the approximately pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Communities are protected and 1,500 student employees during their ‘‘Fee for Inspecting Fruits and Vegetables, Processed’’ (RIN0581–AC56) received on April strengthened when people who break National Student Employment Week. I applaud these students for going above 4, 2007; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nu- the law are punished appropriately. trition, and Forestry. But communities—all communities, in- and beyond their studies to give back EC–1272. A communication from the Ad- cluding yours and mine—are weakened to UMD, and I encourage employers to ministrator, Agricultural Marketing Serv- if we neglect the challenges of rehabili- thank them for their contributions. ice, Department of Agriculture, transmit- tation and reentry. I would like to give special congratu- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- To improve the integration of former lations to UMD’s 2007 National Student titled ‘‘Tomatoes Grown in Florida; Change prisoners and to reduce recidivism is in Employment Week Awardees: Derric in Handling Requirements’’ (Docket No. Johnson, Student Employee of the AMS–FV–06–0208) received on April 4, 2007; to all of our best interests. A well-de- the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, signed reentry system can enhance Year; Carly Moritz, First Runner Up; and Meghan Keil and Phong Yang, Sec- and Forestry. public safety, reduce recidivism, reduce EC–1273. A communication from the Ad- costs, and help prisoners achieve long- ond Runners Up. ministrator, Agricultural Marketing Serv- I also commend the work of Marinda term integration. The Second Chance ice, Department of Agriculture, transmit- Batzlaff, Josh Baumann, Ann Beacom, Act is an important effort to strength- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Samuel Bradley, Ruta Embaye, Court- en America’s communities. The bill is titled ‘‘Hazelnuts Grown in Oregon and ney Grandahl, Kelly Gunelson, Chris- Washington; Establishment of Final Free supported by a wide range of organiza- tine Hirsch, Brittany Jurek, Krista and Restricted Percentages for the 2006–2007 tions, and I urge my colleagues to join Kniffin, Bryan LaCore, Cal Larson, Marketing Year’’ (Docket No. AMS–FV–06– us in passing this important legisla- Christina Lashyro, Abigail Linder, 0175) received on April 4, 2007; to the Com- tion. Emily Lubbert, Jessica Lutgen, Aaron mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and For- f estry . Miller, Calley O’Neil, Ashton Portner, EC–1274. A communication from the Ad- ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Hilary Ramsey, Thomas Rieck, Jessica ministrator, Risk Management Agency, De- Robey, Bud Rodecker, Anthony partment of Agriculture, transmitting, pur- Rostvold, Taryn Runck, Michael suant to law, the report of a rule entitled RECOGNIZING STELLA WILDRICK Schumacher, Clay Sharkey, and ‘‘Common Crop Insurance Regulations; Al- ∑ Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, today Sheena Stueber. mond and Walnut Crop Insurance Provi- Again, I thank all of these students sions’’ (RIN0563–AC08) received on April 10, I want to recognize the devoted service 2007; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nu- of Stella Wildrick, who will retire on for their hard work and wish them the best of luck at UMD and in their future trition, and Forestry. April 27, 2007, after 15 years as Post- EC–1275. A communication from the Chair- careers.∑ mistress for Lake Minchumina, AK. man, Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Lake Minchumina is situated near f Board, transmitting, pursuant to law, its an- the geographical center of Alaska, 65 MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT nual report relative to the Board’s health miles north-northwest of our great and safety activities relating to defense nu- Messages from the President of the clear facilities; to the Committee on Armed Denali National Park. A remote and United States were communicated to Services. rural community accessible only by the Senate by Ms. Evans, one of his EC–1276. A communication from the Direc- air, Lake Minchumina depends upon secretaries. tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition mail service for the delivery of food, Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- clothing, and supplies, as well as cor- f ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- respondence. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED titled ‘‘Electronic Submission and Proc- As Postmistress, Stella has been a As in executive session the Presiding essing of Payment Requests’’ (DFARS Case very important person in this commu- 2005–D009) received on April 10, 2007; to the Officer laid before the Senate messages Committee on Armed Services. nity where everything that cannot be from the President of the United EC–1277. A communication from the Direc- harvested or made from the land must States submitting sundry nominations tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition be flown in. and two withdrawals which were re- Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- Throughout the past 15 years, Stella ferred to the appropriate committees. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- has also been an asset to the U.S. Post- (The nominations received today are titled ‘‘Prohibition on Acquisition from al Service as a professional, friendly, printed at the end of the Senate pro- Communist Chinese Military Companies’’ dependable and always helpful rep- ceedings.) (DFARS Case 2006–D007) received on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on Armed Services. resentative. With advances in tech- f EC–1278. A communication from the Direc- nology, Postmistress Wildrick has MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition overseen many changes to the mail Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- service in Lake Minchumina. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- The people of Lake Minchumina and ENROLLED BILL SIGNED titled ‘‘New Designated Countries’’ (DFARS Alaska are deeply grateful for her sac- Case 2006–D062) received on April 10, 2007; to At 5:18 p.m., a message from the rifice and willingness to go above and the Committee on Armed Services. House of Representatives, delivered by beyond the usual to ensure quality EC–1279. A communication from the Direc- one of its clerks, announced that the tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition mail service. Speaker has signed the following en- Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- I commend Postmistress Wildrick for rolled bill: ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- her dedication to the Lake titled ‘‘Free Trade Agreements—Guatemala S. 1002. An act to amend the Older Ameri- and Bahrain’’ (DFARS Case 2006–D028) re- Minchumina community and wish her cans Act of 1965 to reinstate certain provi- ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on all the best in her well-deserved retire- sions relating to the nutrition services in- Armed Services. ment.∑ centive program. EC–1280. A communication from the Direc- f f tor, Pentagon Renovation and Construction COMMENDING THE WORK OF EXECUTIVE AND OTHER Program Office, Department of Defense, STUDENT EMPLOYEES COMMUNICATIONS transmitting, pursuant to law, an annual re- port on the Office’s work in progress, com- ∑ Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, today The following communications were pleted and planned before March 1, 2007; to I recognize and celebrate students who laid before the Senate, together with the Committee on Armed Services.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8696 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 EC–1281. A communication from the Dep- EC–1292. A communication from the Acting General Category Scallop Vessels’’ (ID No. uty Chief of Legislative Affairs, Department Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legis- 031307A) received on April 10, 2007; to the of the Navy, transmitting, pursuant to law, a lative Affairs, Department of Justice, trans- Committee on Commerce, Science, and report relative to the Department’s perform- mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to Transportation. ance decision to transfer certain functions to the Department’s activities during calendar EC–1303. A communication from the Acting contract workers; to the Committee on year 2006 under the Equal Credit Opportunity Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- Armed Services. Act; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- EC–1282. A communication from the Prin- and Urban Affairs. ant to law, the report of a rule entitled cipal Deputy, Office of the Under Secretary EC–1293. A communication from the Chair- ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), trans- man, Securities and Exchange Commission, Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel- Using Trawl Gear in the Bering Sea and the critical skills retention bonus program; ative to the Buy American Act; to the Com- Aleutian Islands Management Area’’ (ID No. to the Committee on Armed Services. mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- 030907A) received on April 10, 2007; to the EC–1283. A communication from the Prin- fairs. Committee on Commerce, Science, and cipal Deputy, Office of the Under Secretary EC–1294. A communication from the Chair- Transportation. EC–1304. A communication from the Direc- of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), trans- man and President of the Export-Import tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- mitting, the report of (10) officers authorized Bank of the United States, transmitting, ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant to wear the insignia of the grade of brigadier pursuant to law, a report relative to trans- to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fish- general in accordance with title 10, United actions involving U.S. exports to the United eries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off States Code, section 777; to the Committee Arab Emirates; to the Committee on Bank- Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 610 of the on Armed Services. ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 032007A) received on EC–1284. A communication from the Under EC–1295. A communication from the Execu- April 10, 2007; to the Committee on Com- Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Tech- tive Director, National Credit Union Admin- merce, Science, and Transportation. nology and Logistics), transmitting, pursu- istration, transmitting, pursuant to law, a EC–1305. A communication from the Hon- ant to law, the annual Selected Acquisition report on the use of category rating; to the ors Attorney, Office of the Secretary, De- Reports for the quarter ending December 31, Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban partment of Transportation, transmitting, 2006; to the Committee on Armed Services. Affairs. pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled EC–1285. A communication from the Dep- EC–1296. A communication from the Dep- ‘‘Procedures for Reimbursement of General uty Secretary of Defense, transmitting, pur- uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Aviation Operators and Service Providers in suant to law, a report relative to the threat Programs, National Marine Fisheries Serv- the Washington, D.C. Area’’ (RIN2105–AD61) posed by improvised explosive devices; to the ice, Department of Commerce, transmitting, received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee Committee on Armed Services. pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1286. A communication from the Para- ‘‘Revision of Methods for Renewing and Re- EC–1306. A communication from the Senior legal, Federal Transit Administration, De- placing Permits Issued Under the West Coast Attorney, Office of General Counsel, Depart- partment of Transportation, transmitting, Highly Migratory Species Fishery Manage- ment of Transportation, transmitting, pur- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ment Plan’’ (RIN0648–AU91) received on April suant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Clean Fuels Grant Program’’ (RIN2132– 4, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, ‘‘Time Zone Boundaries in the State of Indi- AA91) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- Science, and Transportation. ana’’ (RIN2105–AD53) received on April 1, mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- EC–1297. A communication from the Attor- 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, fairs. ney Advisor, Office of the Secretary, Depart- Science, and Transportation. EC–1287. A communication from the Coun- ment of Transportation, transmitting, pur- EC–1307. A communication from the Pro- sel for Legislation and Regulations, Office of suant to law, the report of a nomination for gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- the Secretary, Department of Housing and the position of General Counsel, received on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Urban Development, transmitting, pursuant April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Revi- merce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class D Airspace; sions to the Public Access to HUD Records EC–1298. A communication from the Sec- Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ ((RIN2120– Under the Freedom of Information Act Regu- retary, Federal Trade Commission, transmit- AA66)(Docket No. 06–AEA–014)) received on lations’’ (RIN2501–AD22) received on April 4, ting, pursuant to law, the Commission’s an- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- 2007; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, nual report relative to the implementation merce, Science, and Transportation. and Urban Affairs. of the Do Not Call Registry; to the Com- EC–1308. A communication from the Pro- EC–1288. A communication from the Coun- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- sel for Legislation and Regulations, Office of tation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Community Planning and Development, De- EC–1299. A communication from the Assist- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule partment of Housing and Urban Develop- ant Secretary, Office of Legislative and entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; ment, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of Newton Field, ME’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket port of a rule entitled ‘‘Timeliness Expendi- Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant No. 06–ANE–01)) received on April 1, 2007; to ture Standards for the Insular Areas Pro- to law, a report relative to the Critical the Committee on Commerce, Science, and gram’’ (RIN2501–AD15) received on April 4, Skills Retention Bonus program; to the Transportation. EC–1309. A communication from the Pro- 2007; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, Committee on Commerce, Science, and gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- and Urban Affairs. Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1289. A communication from the Assist- EC–1300. A communication from the Assist- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ant to the Board, Federal Reserve System, ant Administrator for Fisheries, National entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Marine Fisheries Service, Department of Bethel Regional Airport, ME’’ ((RIN2120– a rule entitled ‘‘Expanded Examination Commerce, transmitting, pursuant to law, AA66)(Docket No. 06–ANE–02)) received on Cycle for Certain Small Insured Depository the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fisheries off April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- Institutions and U.S. Branches and Agencies West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish merce, Science, and Transportation. of Foreign Banks’’ (Docket No. R–1279) re- Fishery; Biennial Specification and Manage- EC–1310. A communication from the Pro- ceived on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on ment Measures; Correction’’ (RIN0648–AU57) gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. received on April 10, 2007; to the Committee tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1290. A communication from the Chair- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule man and President of the Export-Import EC–1301. A communication from the Direc- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bank of the United States, transmitting, tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- Santa Cruz, CA’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. pursuant to law, a report relative to a trans- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant 06–AWP–17)) received on April 1, 2007; to the action involving U.S. exports to Singapore; to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tem- Committee on Commerce, Science, and to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and porary Rule; Inseason Summer Flounder Transportation. Urban Affairs. Quota Transfer from NC to VA’’ (ID No. EC–1311. A communication from the Pro- EC–1291. A communication from the Acting 031207A) received on April 10, 2007; to the gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- General Counsel, Department of Housing and Committee on Commerce, Science, and tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Urban Development, transmitting, pursuant Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule to law, the report of the designation of an EC–1302. A communication from the Direc- entitled ‘‘Change to Controlling Agency of acting officer for the position of General tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- Restricted Area 2312; Fort Hauchuca, AZ’’ Counsel, received on April 10, 2007; to the ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–11)) re- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Ele- ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Affairs. phant Trunk Scallop Access Area Closure for Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8697 EC–1312. A communication from the Pro- Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Standard Instrument Approach gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Transportation. Procedures (62)’’ ((RIN2120–AA65)(Amdt. No. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1321. A communication from the Pro- 3206)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- entitled ‘‘Revocation of Low Altitude Re- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tation. porting Point; AK’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1330. A communication from the Pro- No. 06–AAL–30)) received on April 1, 2007; to entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Model A310–300 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Transportation. AA64)(Docket No. NM–065)) received on April mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1313. A communication from the Pro- 1, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Science, and Transportation. Model A300 B4–605R Airplanes and Model tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1322. A communication from the Pro- A310–308, –324, and –325 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–146)) received on entitled ‘‘Revision of Class D and E Airspace; tion, Department of Transportation, trans- April 3 , 2007; to the Committee on Com- Big Delta, Allen Army Airfield, Fort Greely, mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1331. A communication from the Pro- AK’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–AAL–31)) entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Dassault gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee Model Mystere-Falcon 50 and 900, and Falcon tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on Commerce , Science, and Transportation. 900EX Airplanes; and Model Falcon 2000 and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1314. A communication from the Pro- Falcon 2000EX Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–113)) received on Model 757 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–121)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule merce, Science, and Transportation. April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Establishment, Modification and EC–1323. A communication from the Pro- merce, Science, and Transportation. Revocation of VOR Federal Airways; East gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1332. A communication from the Pro- Central United States’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–1)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule merce, Science, and Transportation. bardier Model DHC–8–400 Series Airplanes’’ entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing EC–1315. A communication from the Pro- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–209)) Model 747 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee AA64)(Docket No. 2005–NM–261)) received on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1324. A communication from the Pro- merce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Establishment, Modification and gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1333. A communication from the Pro- Revocation of VOR Federal Airways; East tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Central United States’’ ((RIN2120– mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–1)) received on entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- Model A330–200, A330–300, A340–200, A340–300, entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- merce, Science, and Transportation. A340–500, and A340–600 Series Airplanes’’ bardier Model CL–600–2B19 Airplanes’’ EC–1316. A communication from the Pro- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–274)) ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–172)) gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1325. A communication from the Pro- EC–1334. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Revision of Class D Airspace, Mesa, gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- AZ’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–AWP– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 016)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Gulf- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing tation. stream Aerospace LP Model Gulfstream 100 Model 737–100, –200, –200C, –300, –400, and –500 EC–1317. A communication from the Pro- Airplanes, and Model Astra SPX and 1125 Series Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Westwind Astra Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– No. 2005–NM–141)) received on April 3, 2007; to tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–286)) received on the Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- Transportation. entitled ‘‘Change to Time of Designation of merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1335. A communication from the Pro- Restricted Area 6320; Matagorda, TX’’ EC–1326. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–12)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus EC–1318. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 Airplanes; Model A300 B4–601, B4– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model A310 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– 603, B4–620, B4–622, B4–605R, B4–622R, F4– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–247)) received on 605R, F4–622R, and C4–605R Variant F Air- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- planes; and Model A310 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– entitled ‘‘Modification of VOR Federal Air- merce, Science, and Transportation. AA64)(Docket No. 2003–NM–123)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- way V–2; East Central United States’’ EC–1327. A communication from the Pro- merce, Science, and Transportation. ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–13)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1336. A communication from the Pro- ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1319. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Turbomeca Arriel 2B1 Turboshaft Engines’’ entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2007–NE–02)) re- Ridgway, PA’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on 06–ANE–03)) received on April 1 , 2007; to the entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Model A300 and A300–600 Airplanes’’ EC–1328. A communication from the Pro- Transportation. ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–288)) gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1337. A communication from the Pro- received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1320. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Standard Instrument Approach mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Procedures, Weather Takeoff Minimums; entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class D Airspace; tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Miscellaneous Amendments’’ ((RIN2120– Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ ((RIN2120– mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule AA65)(Amdt. No. 3204)) received on April 1, AA66)(Docket No. 06–ANE–014)) received on entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; McDon- 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- nell Douglas Model DC–8–55, DC–8F–54, and Science, and Transportation. merce, Science, and Transportation. DC–8F–55 Airplanes; and Model DC–8–60, DC– EC–1329. A communication from the Pro- EC–1338. A communication from the Pro- 8–70, DC–8–60F, and DC–8–70F Series Air- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2001– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- NM–183)) received on April 1, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E–2 Air- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- space; Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–AEA–015)) re- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Reims entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Short ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Aviation S.A. F406 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Brothers and Harland Ltd. Models SC–7 Se- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–91)) received on ries 2 and SC–7 Series 3 Airplanes’’ EC–1339. A communication from the Pro- April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2000–CE–17)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- merce, Science, and Transportation. ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1348. A communication from the Pro- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1357. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E–2 Air- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- space; Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ANE–015)) re- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on bardier Model DHC–8–400 Series Airplanes’’ entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Sicma Commerce, Science, and Transportation. ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–078)) Aero Seat, Passenger Seat Assemblies’’ EC–1340. A communication from the Pro- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NE–04)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1349. A communication from the Pro- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1358. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Standard Instrument Approach tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Procedures (34)’’ ((RIN2120–AA65) (Amdt. No. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 3202)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- bardier Model DHC–8–100, –200, and –300 Se- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS tation. ries Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes’’ EC–1341. A communication from the Pro- 2006–NM–077)) received on April 3, 2007; to the ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–65)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Committee on Commerce, Science, and ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Transportation. Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1350. A communication from the Pro- EC–1359. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- bardier Model CL–600–2B19 Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–004)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. bardier Model DHC–8–400 Series Airplanes’’ Model 737 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– EC–1342. A communication from the Pro- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–130)) AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–150)) received on gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. merce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1351. A communication from the Pro- EC–1360. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- SOCATA TBM 700 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–62)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; merce, Science, and Transportation. Model 747 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Gippsland Aeronautics Pty. Ltd. Model GA8 EC–1343. A communication from the Pro- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–053)) received on Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2007– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- CE–006)) received on April 3, 2007; to the tion, Department of Transportation, trans- merce, Science, and Transportation. Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1352. A communication from the Pro- Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Rolls- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1361. A communication from the Pro- Royce Deutschland Ltd. and Co. KG Tay 611– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 8, Tay 620–15, and Tay 651–54 Series Turbofan mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule NE–19)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- Model 747–100B SUD, 747–200B, 747–300, 747– entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- 400, 747–400D, and 747SP Series Airplanes’’ Turbomeca S.A. Makila 1A and 1A1 Turbo- tation. ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–092)) shaft Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. EC–1344. A communication from the Pro- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee 2006–NE–39)) received on April 3, 2007; to the gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Committee on Commerce, Science, and tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1353. A communication from the Pro- Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1362. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- DORNIER LUFTFAHRT GmbH Model 228–212 mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule CE–86)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- Turbomeca Arriel 1 Series Turboshaft En- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- gines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NE– Aircraft Ltd., PC–6 Series Airplanes’’ tation. 28)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–54)) re- EC–1345. A communication from the Pro- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tation. Commerce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1354. A communication from the Pro- EC–1363. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Dassault tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Model Mystere-Falcon 900 and Falcon 900EX mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus NM–244)) received on April 3, 2007; to the SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes’’ Model A300 Airplanes; A300 B4–600, B4–600R, Committee on Commerce, Science, and ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–43)) re- and F4–600R Series Airplanes, and Model Transportation. ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on A300 C4–605R Variant F Airplanes; and A310 EC–1346. A communication from the Pro- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2005– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1355. A communication from the Pro- NM–18)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Pratt mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1364. A communication from the Pro- and Whitney PW2000 Series Turbofan En- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NE– Model 747–400 Series Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 11)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–090)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Superior tation. merce, Science, and Transportation. Air Parts, Inc., Cast Cylinder Assemblies EC–1347. A communication from the Pro- EC–1356. A communication from the Pro- Part Numbers Series: SA47000L , SA47000S, gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- SA52000, SA55000, SL32000W, SL32000WH,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8699 SL32006W, SL36000TW, SL36000W, and No. 2006–CE–56)) received on April 3, 2007; to Model 777–200, –300, and –300ER Series Air- SL36006W’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– the Committee on Commerce, Science, and planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006– NE–32)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- Transportation. NM–080)) received on April 3, 2007; to the mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- EC–1373. A communication from the Pro- Committee on Commerce, Science, and tation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Transportation. EC–1365. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1382. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Alpha tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Aviation Design Limited R2160 Airplanes’’ mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–CE–81)) re- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Fokker bardier Model DHC–8–102, –103, and –106 Air- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Model F27 Mark 050 and F.28 Mark 0070 and planes; and Model DHC–8–200 and DHC–8–300 Commerce, Science, and Transportation. 0100 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. Series Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket EC–1374. A communication from the Pro- 2005–NM–259)) received on April 3, 2007; to the No. 2006–NM–206)) received on April 3, 2007; to gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Committee on Commerce, Science, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Transportation. Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1383. A communication from the Pro- EC–1366. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Fokker gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–097)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Model A310 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) bardier Model CL–600–2B19 Airplanes’’ EC–1375. A communication from the Pro- (Docket No. 2006–NM–149)) received on April ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–194)) gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Science, and Transportation. on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1384. A communication from the Pro- EC–1367. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Fokker gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–198)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Empresa entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. Model ERJ SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes’’ EC–1376. A communication from the Pro- 170 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–CE–60)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 2006–NM–168)) received on April 3, 2007; to the ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Transportation. EC–1368. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EC–1385. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A., Model C– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 212 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule 2006–NM–291)) received on April 3, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; CFM Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing International CFM56–5 and –5B Series Tur- Transportation. Model 737–600, –700, –700C, –800, and –900 Se- bofan Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. EC–1377. A communication from the Pro- ries Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2001–NE–49)) received on April 3, 2007; to the gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 2006–NM–051)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Transportation. EC–1369. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus EC–1386. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model A300 B2 and B4 Series Airplanes’’ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–115)) tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Saab Raytheon Aircraft Company 65, 90, 99, 100, EC–1378. A communication from the Pro- Model SAAB-Fairchild SF340A and SAAB 200, and 1900 Series Airplanes, and Models 70 gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 340B Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. and 300 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 2006–NM–067)) received on April 3, 2007; to the No. 2003–CE–51)) received on April 3, 2007; to mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Committee on Commerce, Science, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Transportation. Transportation. Model 767–200 and –300 Series Airplanes’’ EC–1387. A communication from the Pro- EC–1370. A communication from the Pro- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–071)) gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1379. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model 767 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Dock- SOCATA TBM 700 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- et No. 2003–NM–269)) received on April 3, 2007; AA64) (Docket No. 2006–CE–64)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule to the Committee on Commerce, Science, April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus and Transportation. merce, Science, and Transportation. Aircraft Limited PC–12 and PC–12/45 Air- EC–1388. A communication from the Pro- EC–1371. A communication from the Pro- planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- CE–70)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; McDon- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Empresa EC–1380. A communication from the Pro- nell Douglas Model DC–10–10, DC–10–10F, DC– Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. Model ERJ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 10–15, DC–10–30, and DC–10–30F Airplanes; 170–100 LR, –100 STD, –100 SE, –100 SU, –200 tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Model DC–10–40 and DC–10–40F Airplanes LR, –200 STD, and –200 SU Airplanes and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Equipped with Pratt and Whitney JT9–20 or Model ERJ 190 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus JT9–20J Engines; and Model MD–10–10F and (Docket No. 2006–NM–221)) received on April Model A300 Airplanes; and Model A300 B4–600, MD–10–30F Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, B4–600R, and F4–600R Series Airplanes, and (Docket No. 2006–NM–177)) received on April Science, and Transportation. Model C4–605R Variant F Airplanes’’ 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, EC–1372. A communication from the Pro- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–186)) Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee EC–1389. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1381. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EXTRA gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Learjet Models EA–300, EA–300S, EA–300L, and EA– mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Model 23, 24, 24A, 24B, 24B–A, 24C, 24D, 24D– 300/200 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing A, 24E, 24F, 24F–A, 25, 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25F,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 28, 29, 31, 31A, 35, 35A, 36, 36A, 55, 55B, and 55C ant to law, the report of a rule entitled EC–1409. A communication from the Prin- Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006– ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office NM–083)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 610 of of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- Committee on Commerce, Science, and the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 030707B) received tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, Transportation. on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and EC–1390. A communication from the Hon- merce, Science, and Transportation. Promulgation of Air Quality Implementa- ors Attorney, Office of the Secretary, De- EC–1399. A communication from the Acting tion Plans; Wisconsin; Prevention of Signifi- partment of Transportation, transmitting, Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- cant Deterioration’’ (FRL No. 8296–3) re- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on ‘‘Participation by Disadvantaged Business ant to law, the report of a rule entitled Environment and Public Works. Enterprises in Airport Concessions’’ ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone EC–1410. A communication from the Prin- (RIN2105–AD51) received on April 3, 2007; to Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 of cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office the Committee on Commerce, Science, and the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 030707A) received of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- Transportation. on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, EC–1391. A communication from the Direc- merce, Science, and Transportation. the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- EC–1400. A communication from the Direc- Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Ten- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- nessee; Approval of Revisions to the Knox to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fish- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant County Portion of the Tennessee State Im- eries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Re- plementation Plan’’ (FRL No. 8297–4) re- Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Catching Pa- moval of Haddock Separator Trawl Require- ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on cific Cod for Processing by the Inshore Com- ment and Establishment of a 5,000-lb Georges Environment and Public Works. ponent in the Western Regulatory Area of Bank Yellowtail Flounder Trip Limit for the EC–1411. A communication from the Prin- the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 030607D) received Eastern U.S./Canada Management Area’’ (ID cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- No . 030107A) received on April 4, 2007; to the of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- merce, Science, and Transportation. Committee on Commerce, Science, and tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, EC–1392. A communication from the Direc- Transportation. the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tetraconazole; tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- EC–1401. A communication from the Sec- Pesticide Tolerance’’ (FRL No. 8121–3) re- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tem- law, a report relative to state and regional Environment and Public Works. porary Rule; Inseason Bluefish Quota Trans- policies that promote energy efficiency pro- EC–1412. A communication from the Prin- fer from VA to NY’’ (ID No. 030607B) received grams carried out by electric and gas utili- cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- ties; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- merce, Science, and Transportation. ural Resources. tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, EC–1393. A communication from the Acting EC–1402. A communication from the Acting the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- Chief Financial Officer, Department of En- Promulgation of Air Quality Implementa- partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- ergy, transmitting, pursuant to law, the De- tion Plans; Arkansas; Prevention of Signifi- ant to law, the report of a rule entitled partment’s Operating Plan for fiscal year cant Deterioration and New Source Review; ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone 2007; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- Economic Development Zone for Crittenden Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 of ural Resources. County, Arkansas; and Stage I Vapor Recov- the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 022807A) received EC–1403. A communication from the Gen- ery’’ (FRL No. 8297–6) received on April 10, on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- eral Counsel, Federal Energy Regulatory 2007; to the Committee on Environment and merce, Science, and Transportation. Commission, transmitting, pursuant to law, Public Works. EC–1413. A communication from the Assist- EC–1394. A communication from the Dep- the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Mandatory Re- ant Administrator, Office of Administration uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory liability Standards for the Bulk-Power Sys- and Resources Management, Environmental Programs, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, tem’’ (FERC Docket No. RM06–16–000) re- Protection Agency, transmitting, pursuant Department of Commerce, transmitting, pur- ceived on April 8, 2007; to the Committee on to law, a report relative to the Buy Amer- suant to law, the report of a rule entitled Energy and Natural Resources. ican Act; to the Committee on Environment ‘‘Atlantic Herring Fishery; Amendment 1 to EC–1404. A communication from the Elec- and Public Works. the Fishery Management Plan’’ (RIN0648– tric Energy Market Competition Task Force, EC–1414. A communication from the Chair- AQ87) received on April 4, 2007; to the Com- transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel- man, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- ative to competition within the wholesale transmitting, the Commission’s latest quar- tation. and retail markets for electric energy in the terly report relative to the status of its li- EC–1395. A communication from the Dep- United States; to the Committee on Energy censing and regulatory duties; to the Com- uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory and Natural Resources. mittee on Environment and Public Works. Programs, National Marine Fisheries Serv- EC–1405. A communication from the Assist- EC–1415. A communication from the Prin- ice, Department of Commerce, transmitting, ant Secretary (Policy, Management and cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Budget), Department of the Interior, trans- of Policy, Economics and Innovation, Envi- ‘‘Delayed Effective Date for Vessel Moni- mitting, the report of draft legislation enti- ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, toring Systems under Amendment 18A’’ tled ‘‘Range Improvement Fund Amendment pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled (RIN0648–AN09) received on April 4, 2007; to Act of 2007’’; to the Committee on Energy ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of State Plans the Committee on Commerce, Science, and and Natural Resources. for Designated Pollutants and Facilities; Transportation. EC–1406. A communication from the Sec- Rhode Island; Negative Declaration’’ (FRL EC–1396. A communication from the Acting retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to No. 8295–6) received on April 3, 2007; to the Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- law, a report relative to the construction of Committee on Environment and Public partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- a repository at Yucca Mountain; to the Com- Works. ant to law, the report of a rule entitled mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC–1416. A communication from the Sec- ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone EC–1407. A communication from the Attor- retary of Transportation, transmitting, pur- Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in ney, Office of Assistant General Counsel for suant to law, a report relative to the States the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manage- Legislation and Regulatory Law, Depart- and Indian tribes that have entered into ment Area’’ (ID No. 030207A) received on ment of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to maintenance agreements; to the Committee April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Correc- on Environment and Public Works. merce, Science, and Transportation. tions and Updates to Technical Guidelines EC–1417. A communication from the Prin- EC–1397. A communication from the Acting for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Reporting’’ cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- (RIN1901–AB23) received on April 3, 2007; to of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- the Committee on Environment and Public tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘De- Works. the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and crease the Commercial Trip Limit for Gulf EC–1408. A communication from the Ad- Promulgation of Air Quality Implementa- Group King Mackerel in the Southern Flor- ministrator, General Services Administra- tion Plans; Delaware; Update to Materials ida West Coast Subzone’’ (ID No. 022207A) re- tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report Incorporated by Reference’’ (FRL No. 8291–7) ceived on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on relative to the Administration’s intent to received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation. adjust the dollar thresholds for submission on Environment and Public Works. EC–1398. A communication from the Acting of construction, alteration, lease, and lease EC–1418. A communication from the Sec- Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- alteration prospectuses; to the Committee retary of Health and Human Services, trans- partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- on Environment and Public Works. mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled

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‘‘Second Report to Congress on the Evalua- on April 6, 2007; to the Committee on Fi- By Mr. HARKIN (for himself, Mr. KEN- tion of the Medicare Coordinated Care Dem- nance. NEDY, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. MIKULSKI, onstration’’; to the Committee on Finance. EC–1429. A communication from the Chief Mr. BROWN, Mr. AKAKA, Mr. FEIN- EC–1419. A communication from the Sec- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, GOLD, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. retary of Labor, transmitting, the report of Internal Revenue Service, Department of the KERRY, Mr. SANDERS, and Mr. DUR- draft legislation entitled ‘‘Black Lung Dis- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the BIN): ability Trust Fund Debt Restructuring Act’’; report of a rule entitled ‘‘Renewable Diesel’’ S. 1087. A bill to amend the Fair Labor to the Committee on Finance. (Notice 2007–37) received on April 6, 2007; to Standards Act of 1938 to prohibit discrimina- EC–1420. A communication from the Chief the Committee on Finance. tion in the payment of wages on account of of the Publications and Regulations Branch, EC–1430. A communication from the Acting sex, race, or national origin, and for other Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Chief of the Publications and Regulations purposes; to the Committee on Health, Edu- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Branch, Internal Revenue Service, Depart- cation, Labor, and Pensions. report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tier I—Transfer of ment of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- By Ms. STABENOW (for herself and Intangibles Offshore and Section 482 Cost ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Co- Mr. LOTT): Sharing Buy-in Payment Issue Directive No. ordinated Issue: Like-Kind Exchanges In- S. 1088. A bill to amend the Federal Food, 1’’ (LMSB–04–0307–027) received on April 6, volving Federal Communications Commis- Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to mar- 2007; to the Committee on Finance. sion Licenses Guide’’ (UIL No. 1031.02–00) re- ket exclusivity for certain drugs, and for EC–1421. A communication from the Chief ceived on April 6, 2007; to the Committee on other purposes; to the Committee on Health, of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Finance. Education, Labor, and Pensions. Internal Revenue Service, Department of the EC–1431. A communication from the Acting By Ms. MURKOWSKI (for herself and Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Chief of the Publications and Regulations Mr. STEVENS): S. 1089. A bill to amend the Alaska Natural report of a rule entitled ‘‘2007 Section 45K In- Branch, Internal Revenue Service, Depart- Gas Pipeline Act to allow the Federal Coor- flation Adjustment Factor (for Calendar ment of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- dinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transpor- Year 2006)’’ (Notice 2007–38) received on April ant to law, the report of a rule entitled tation Projects to hire employees more effi- 6, 2007; to the Committee on Finance . ‘‘Statute of Limitations and Exchange of In- ciently, and for other purposes; to the Com- EC–1422. A communication from the Chief formation Concerning Certain Individuals mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Filing Income Tax Returns with the USVI’’ By Ms. STABENOW (for herself and Internal Revenue Service, Department of the (Notice 2007–31) received on April 6, 2007; to Mr. DOMENICI): Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the the Committee on Finance. S. 1090. A bill to amend the Agriculture report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tier I Issue Re- EC–1432. A communication from the Acting and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 to as- search and Experimentation Credit Claims Chief of the Publications and Regulations sist the neediest of senior citizens by modi- Directive No. 1’’ (LMSB–04–0307–025) received Branch, Internal Revenue Service, Depart- fying the eligibility criteria for supple- on April 6, 2007; to the Committee on Fi- ment of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- mental foods provided under the commodity nance. ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Bu- supplemental food program to take into ac- EC–1423. A communication from the Chief reau of Labor Statistics Price Indexes for count the extraordinarily high out-of-pocket of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Department Stores—February 2007’’ (Rev. medical expenses that senior citizens pay, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Rul. 2007–27) received on April 6, 2007; to the and for other purposes; to the Committee on Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Committee on Finance. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. report of a rule entitled ‘‘Updated List of EC–1433. A communication from the Com- By Mr. CORKER (for himself and Mr. Areas Included in the ’North American Area’ missioner of the Social Security Administra- BENNETT): Under I.R .C. Section 274(h)’’ (Rev. Rul. 2007– tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report S. 1091. A bill to amend the Federal Elec- 28) received on April 6, 2007; to the Com- entitled ‘‘Report on Acquisitions Made from tion Campaign Act of 1971 to repeal the limi- mittee on Finance. Foreign Manufacturers for Fiscal Year 2006’’; tation on party expenditures on behalf of EC–1424. A communication from the Chief to the Committee on Finance. candidates in general elections; to the Com- mittee on Rules and Administration. of the Publications and Regulations Branch, f Internal Revenue Service, Department of the By Mr. HAGEL: Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES S. 1092. A bill to temporarily increase the number of visas which may be issued to cer- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Limitations on The following reports of committees Benefits and Contributions Under Qualified tain highly skilled workers; to the Com- Plans’’ ((RIN1545–BD52)(TD 9319)) received on were submitted: mittee on the Judiciary. April 6, 2007; to the Committee on Finance. By Mr. LIEBERMAN, from the Committee f on Homeland Security and Governmental Af- EC–1425. A communication from the Chief ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS of the Publications and Regulations Branch, fairs, without amendment: Internal Revenue Service, Department of the S. 343. A bill to extend the District of Co- S. 5 Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the lumbia College Access Act of 1999 (Rept. No. At the request of Mr. HARKIN, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Guidance Regard- 110–52). name of the Senator from Alaska (Mr. By Mr. KENNEDY, from the Committee on ing the Simplified Service Cost Method and STEVENS) was added as a cosponsor of the Simplified Production Method’’ Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions: Report to accompany S. 558, a bill to pro- S. 5, a bill to amend the Public Health ((RIN1545–BE57)(TD 9318)) received on April Service Act to provide for human em- 6, 2007; to the Committee on Finance. vide parity between health insurance cov- EC–1426. A communication from the Chief erage of mental health benefits and benefits bryonic stem cell research. of the Publications and Regulations Branch, for medical and surgical services (Rept. No. S. 316 Internal Revenue Service, Department of the 110–53). At the request of Mr. KOHL, the name Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the f of the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. report of a rule entitled ‘‘ICE Futures Sec- JOHNSON) was added as a cosponsor of tion 1265(g)(7)(C) Qualified Board or Ex- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND S. 316, a bill to prohibit brand name change Revenue Ruling’’ (Rev. Rul. 2007–26, JOINT RESOLUTIONS drug companies from compensating ge- 2007–16) received on April 6, 2007; to the Com- The following bills and joint resolu- neric drug companies to delay the mittee on Finance. tions were introduced, read the first entry of a generic drug into the mar- EC–1427. A communication from the Chief of the Publications and Regulations Branch, and second times by unanimous con- ket. Internal Revenue Service, Department of the sent, and referred as indicated: S. 327 Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the By Mr. THUNE: At the request of Mr. MCCAIN, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘GO Zone Bonus De- S. 1085. A bill to require air carriers to pub- name of the Senator from California preciation Additional Guidance’’ (Notice lish customer service data and flight delay (Mrs. BOXER) was added as a cosponsor 2007–36) received on April 6, 2007; to the Com- history; to the Committee on Commerce, of S. 327, a bill to authorize the Sec- mittee on Finance. Science, and Transportation. retary of the Interior to conduct a spe- EC–1428. A communication from the Chief By Mr. BAUCUS (for himself and Mr. cial resource study of sites associated of the Publications and Regulations Branch, PRYOR): with the life of Cesar Estrada Chavez Internal Revenue Service, Department of the S. 1086. A bill to provide stronger protec- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the tions to parents regarding their children’s and the farm labor movement. report of a rule entitled ‘‘United States Dol- access to sexually explicit material over the S. 358 lar Approximate Separate Transactions Internet; to the Committee on Commerce, At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the Method’’ ((RIN1545–BF67)(TD 9320)) received Science, and Transportation. name of the Senator from Arkansas

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(Mr. PRYOR) was added as a cosponsor S. 645 wages on the basis of sex, and for other of S. 358, a bill to prohibit discrimina- At the request of Mr. THOMAS, the purposes. tion on the basis of genetic informa- name of the Senator from Minnesota S. 769 tion with respect to health insurance (Mr. COLEMAN) was added as a cospon- At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the and employment. sor of S. 645, a bill to amend the En- name of the Senator from Michigan S. 394 ergy Policy Act of 2005 to provide an (Mr. LEVIN) was added as a cosponsor of At the request of Mr. AKAKA, the alternate sulfur dioxide removal meas- S. 769, a bill to amend the Elementary names of the Senator from Connecticut urement for certain coal gasification and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to (Mr. LIEBERMAN) and the Senator from project goals. ensure that participants in the Troops Maryland (Mr. CARDIN) were added as S. 691 to Teachers program may teach at a cosponsors of S. 394, a bill to amend the At the request of Mr. CONRAD, the range of eligible schools. Humane Methods of Livestock Slaugh- names of the Senator from Tennessee S. 770 ter Act of 1958 to ensure the humane (Mr. ALEXANDER) and the Senator from At the request of Mr. HARKIN, the slaughter of nonambulatory livestock, Michigan (Ms. STABENOW) were added name of the Senator from Alaska (Ms. and for other purposes. as cosponsors of S. 691, a bill to amend MURKOWSKI) was added as a cosponsor S. 460 title XVIII of the Social Security Act of S. 770, a bill to amend the Food At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the to improve the benefits under the Stamp Act of 1977 to permit partici- name of the Senator from North Da- Medicare program for beneficiaries pating households to use food stamp kota (Mr. CONRAD) was added as a co- with kidney disease, and for other pur- benefits to purchase nutritional supple- sponsor of S. 460, a bill to make deter- poses. ments providing vitamins or minerals, minations by the United States Trade S. 700 and for other purposes. Representative under title III of the At the request of Mr. CRAPO, the S. 795 Trade Act of 1974 reviewable by the names of the Senator from Michigan At the request of Mr. OBAMA, the Court of International Trade and to en- (Ms. STABENOW) and the Senator from name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. sure that the United States Trade Rep- Alabama (Mr. SESSIONS) were added as DURBIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. resentative considers petitions to en- cosponsors of S. 700, a bill to amend the 795, a bill to assist aliens who have force United States Trade rights, and Internal Revenue Code to provide a tax been lawfully admitted in becoming for other purposes. credit to individuals who enter into citizens of the United States, and for S. 465 agreements to protect the habitats of other purposes. At the request of Mr. NELSON of Flor- endangered and threatened species, and S. 796 ida, the name of the Senator from for other purposes. At the request of Mr. BUNNING, the Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) was S. 718 name of the Senator from North Da- added as a cosponsor of S. 465, a bill to At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the kota (Mr. CONRAD) was added as a co- amend titles XVIII and XIX of the So- name of the Senator from Connecticut sponsor of S. 796, a bill to amend title cial Security Act and title III of the (Mr. LIEBERMAN) was added as a co- VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 to provide Public Health Service Act to improve sponsor of S. 718, a bill to optimize the that exchange-rate misalignment by access to information about individ- delivery of critical care medicine and any foreign nation is a countervailable uals’ health care options and legal expand the critical care workforce. export subsidy, to amend the Exchange rights for care near the end of life, to S. 721 Rates and International Economic Pol- promote advance care planning and de- cisionmaking so that individuals’ wish- At the request of Mr. ENZI, the name icy Coordination Act of 1988 to clarify es are known should they become un- of the Senator from North Dakota (Mr. the definition of manipulation with re- able to speak for themselves, to engage CONRAD) was added as a cosponsor of S. spect to currency, and for other pur- health care providers in disseminating 721, a bill to allow travel between the poses. information about and assisting in the United States and Cuba. S. 812 preparation of advance directives, S. 731 At the request of Mr. HATCH, the which include living wills and durable At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the name of the Senator from West Vir- powers of attorney for health care, and name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. ginia (Mr. ROCKEFELLER) was added as for other purposes. BROWNBACK) was added as a cosponsor a cosponsor of S. 812, a bill to prohibit S. 590 of S. 731, a bill to develop a method- human cloning and protect stem cell At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the ology for, and complete, a national as- research. name of the Senator from Vermont sessment of geological storage capacity S. 831 (Mr. SANDERS) was added as a cospon- for carbon dioxide, and for other pur- At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the sor of S. 590, a bill to amend the Inter- poses. names of the Senator from Iowa (Mr. nal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the S. 746 HARKIN) and the Senator from Cali- investment tax credit with respect to At the request of Mr. ALLARD, the fornia (Mrs. BOXER) were added as co- solar energy property and qualified fuel names of the Senator from Colorado sponsors of S. 831, a bill to authorize cell property, and for other purposes. (Mr. SALAZAR), the Senator from Cali- States and local governments to pro- S. 626 fornia (Mrs. BOXER), the Senator from hibit the investment of State assets in At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the Maine (Ms. COLLINS) and the Senator any company that has a qualifying names of the Senator from Indiana from Illinois (Mr. OBAMA) were added business relationship with Sudan. (Mr. LUGAR), the Senator from Rhode as cosponsors of S. 746, a bill to estab- S. 839 Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) and the Sen- lish a competitive grant program to At the request of Mr. ROBERTS, the ator from Indiana (Mr. BAYH) were build capacity in veterinary medical name of the Senator from Nebraska added as cosponsors of S. 626, a bill to education and expand the workforce of (Mr. HAGEL) was added as a cosponsor amend the Public Health Service Act veterinarians engaged in public health of S. 839, a bill to amend the Internal to provide for arthritis research and practice and biomedical research. Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude public health, and for other purposes. S. 766 amounts received as a military basic S. 628 At the request of Mrs. CLINTON, the housing allowance from consideration At the request of Mr. COLEMAN, the name of the Senator from Vermont as income for purposes of the low-in- name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. (Mr. SANDERS) was added as a cospon- come housing credit and qualified resi- ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. sor of S. 766, a bill to amend the Fair dential rental projects. 628, a bill to provide grants for rural Labor Standards Act of 1938 to provide S. 844 health information technology devel- more effective remedies of victims of At the request of Mrs. FEINSTEIN, the opment activities. discrimination in the payment of name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr.

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BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. the authorities of the Mutual Edu- resolution condemning the recent vio- 844, a bill to provide for the protection cational and Cultural Exchange Act of lent actions of the Government of of unaccompanied alien children, and 1961. Zimbabwe against peaceful opposition for other purposes. S. 999 party activists and members of civil so- S. 858 At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the ciety. At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the name of the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. S. RES. 65 name of the Senator from Minnesota AKAKA) was added as a cosponsor of S. At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the (Mr. COLEMAN) was added as a cospon- 999, a bill to amend the Public Health name of the Senator from Minnesota sor of S. 858, a bill to amend the Inter- Service Act to improve stroke preven- (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) was added as a co- nal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the tion, diagnosis, treatment, and reha- sponsor of S. Res. 65, a resolution con- transportation fringe benefit to bicycle bilitation. demning the murder of Turkish-Arme- commuters. S. 1012 nian journalist and human rights advo- S. 902 At the request of Ms. LANDRIEU, the cate Hrant Dink and urging the people At the request of Mr. HARKIN, the names of the Senator from South Da- of Turkey to honor his legacy of toler- name of the Senator from Washington kota (Mr. JOHNSON) and the Senator ance. (Mrs. MURRAY) was added as a cospon- from North Dakota (Mr. DORGAN) were S. RES. 76 sor of S. 902, a bill to provide support added as cosponsors of S. 1012, a bill to At the request of Mr. FEINGOLD, the and assistance for families of members amend the Consumer Credit Protection name of the Senator from Connecticut of the National Guard and Reserve who Act to assure meaningful disclosures of (Mr. DODD) was added as a cosponsor of are undergoing deployment, and for the terms of rental-purchase agree- S. Res. 76, a resolution calling on the other purposes. ments, including disclosures of all United States Government and the S. 911 costs to consumers under such agree- international community to promptly At the request of Mr. COLEMAN, the ments, to provide certain substantive develop, fund, and implement a com- name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. rights to consumers under such agree- prehensive regional strategy in Africa ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. ments, and for other purposes. to protect civilians, facilitate humani- 911, a bill to amend the Public Health S. 1020 tarian operations, contain and reduce Service Act to advance medical re- At the request of Mrs. HUTCHISON, the violence, and contribute to conditions search and treatments into pediatric name of the Senator from Missouri for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, cancers, ensure patients and families (Mr. BOND) was added as a cosponsor of northern Central African Republic, and have access to the current treatments S. 1020, a bill to move toward energy Darfur, Sudan. and information regarding pediatric independence through a coordinated S. RES. 106 cancers, establish a population-based development of renewable energy At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the national childhood cancer database, sources, including wave, solar, wind, name of the Senator from South Da- and promote public awareness of pedi- geothermal, and biofuels production. kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a co- atric cancers. S. 1026 sponsor of S. Res. 106, a resolution call- S. 969 At the request of Mr. CHAMBLISS, the ing on the President to ensure that the At the request of Mr. DODD, the name of the Senator from South Caro- foreign policy of the United States re- names of the Senator from Montana lina (Mr. GRAHAM) was added as a co- flects appropriate understanding and (Mr. TESTER) and the Senator from sponsor of S. 1026, a bill to designate sensitivity concerning issues related to Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) were the Department of Veterans Affairs human rights, ethnic cleansing, and added as cosponsors of S. 969, a bill to Medical Center in Augusta, Georgia, as genocide documented in the United amend the National Labor Relations the ‘‘Charlie Norwood Department of States record relating to the Armenian Act to modify the definition of super- Veterans Affairs Medical Center’’. Genocide. visor. S. 1060 S. RES. 141 S. 970 At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the At the request of Mrs. CLINTON, the At the request of Mr. SMITH, the name of the Senator from Massachu- name of the Senator from Washington names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. setts (Mr. KENNEDY) was added as a co- (Mrs. MURRAY) was added as a cospon- ROBERTS), the Senator from Idaho (Mr. sponsor of S. 1060, a bill to reauthorize sor of S. Res. 141, a resolution urging CRAPO), the Senator from North Da- the grant program for reentry of of- all member countries of the Inter- kota (Mr. CONRAD) and the Senator fenders into the community in the Om- national Commission of the Inter- from North Carolina (Mrs. DOLE) were nibus Crime Control and Safe Streets national Tracing Service who have yet added as cosponsors of S. 970, a bill to Act of 1968, to improve reentry plan- to ratify the May 2006 amendments to impose sanctions on Iran and on other ning and implementation, and for other the 1955 Bonn Accords to expedite the countries for assisting Iran in devel- purposes. ratification process to allow for open oping a nuclear program, and for other S. CON. RES. 3 access to the Holocaust archives lo- purposes. At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the cated at Bad Arolsen, Germany. S. 974 name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. S. RES. 142 At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the VOINOVICH) was added as a cosponsor of At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the names of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. S. Con. Res. 3, a concurrent resolution names of the Senator from New Jersey VOINOVICH), the Senator from Con- expressing the sense of Congress that it (Mr. LAUTENBERG), the Senator from Il- necticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN) and the Sen- is the goal of the United States that, linois (Mr. DURBIN), the Senator from ator from Mississippi (Mr. LOTT) were not later than January 1, 2025, the agri- Wisconsin (Mr. FEINGOLD), the Senator added as cosponsors of S. 974, a bill to cultural, forestry, and working land of from Maryland (Mr. CARDIN), the Sen- amend title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 the United States should provide from ator from Florida (Mr. NELSON), the to provide that the provisions relating renewable resources not less than 25 Senator from California (Mrs. FEIN- to countervailing duties apply to non- percent of the total energy consumed STEIN) and the Senator from New Jer- market economy countries, and for in the United States and continue to sey (Mr. MENENDEZ) were added as co- other purposes. produce safe, abundant, and affordable sponsors of S. Res. 142, a resolution ob- S. 991 food, feed, and fiber. serving Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Me- At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the S. CON. RES. 25 morial Day, and calling on the remain- name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. At the request of Mr. OBAMA, the ing member countries of the Inter- BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. name of the Senator from Connecticut national Commission of the Inter- 991, a bill to establish the Senator Paul (Mr. LIEBERMAN) was added as a co- national Tracing Service to ratify the Simon Study Abroad Foundation under sponsor of S. Con. Res. 25, a concurrent May 2006 amendments to the 1955 Bonn

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 Accords immediately to allow open ac- on and offshore in northern Alaska. ment’s oil and gas leasing division, cess to the Bad Arolsen archives. Getting that gas to market would help FLP&MA Section 304, so that it follows At the request of Mr. COLEMAN, his to meet a likely gas shortage in the a known process in allowing the Fed- name was added as a cosponsor of S. lower 48 States within a decade, help- eral Coordinator to set and collect fees. Res. 142, supra. ing to keep the United States from be- Third, the bill in its Section 2 clari- f coming even more dependent on im- fies part of the original 2004 act’s Sec- ported LNG from foreign suppliers. tion 107. That section set up an expe- STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED Currently Alaska’s new Governor is dited review process so that any suit BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS in the process of calling for proposals concerning the pipeline under its ena- By Ms. MURKOWSKI (for herself from gas producers, pipeline companies bling legislation or concerning its com- and Mr. STEVENS): and others interested in building the pliance with the National Environ- S. 1089. A bill to amend the Alaska project, one currently estimated to mental Policy Act would go first to the Natural Gas Pipeline Act to allow the cost between $30 billion and about half U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, D.C. Cir- Federal Coordinator for Alaska Nat- that amount—depending on whether cuit. All cases would have to be filed ural Gas Transportation Projects to the line through Canada or an LNG within 60 days of an action and the hire employees more efficiently, and project is deemed most economic. court would have to ‘‘expedite’’ deci- for other purposes; to the Committee Congress last year funded the cre- sions on all such cases. This action on Energy and Natural Resources. ation of the Federal Coordinator’s of- simply also adds that suits stemming Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I fice to begin the process of bringing from the pipeline’s permitting or con- rise today to introduce legislation that Federal and State agencies together to struction that relates to the Adminis- should allow the entity we created just oversee the permitting, design, and trative Procedures Act, the Endan- 1 gered Species Act, and the National 2 ⁄2 years ago to oversee and expedite construction of a pipeline. The Office construction of a gas line to bring of the Federal Coordinator was funded Historic Preservation Act, besides Alaska’s huge reserves of natural gas for fiscal year 2007 initially with a NEPA, would also go to the D.C. Cir- to markets in the lower 48 States to $403,000 transfer of funds from the De- cuit for expedited review. It clearly fol- work better and function more smooth- partment of Energy, with perhaps an- lows the original intent of the 2004 act, ly and quickly. other $450,000 to $500,000 soon to be but does not limit litigation unfairly. The goal of this legislation, if it can I, and Senator TED STEVENS who is transferred. A coordinator, Alaskan co-sponsoring this legislation, are in- be approved quickly by this Congress, former State Senate President Drue would be to help the Pipeline Coordi- troducing this bill in an effort to help Pearce, was also named, confirmed and speed the full functioning of the Office nator staff her office more quickly and is now at work, and the office has then to provide the office the possi- of Pipeline Coordinator, the entity reached an agreement with all of the 15 that we created in fall 2004 to oversee bility of a more readily available Federal agencies it will oversee on how source of funding, should a pipeline ap- the permitting, design and then con- a pipeline is to be permitted. plicant move to proceed: The bill also struction of an Alaska Natural Gas The Bush administration has pro- will clarify the legal process for review Pipeline project, intended to bring posed $2.3 million in its fiscal year 2008 of a pipeline, helping to speed the Alaska’s reserves of gas to a Nation in budget request to better fund the Coor- project and reduce the chances for cost need of additional natural gas supplies. dinator’s Office. But development of overruns in construction of potentially In 2004 we passed two sets of provi- the office has shown three problems the largest private capital construction sions. The first in that year’s Military that need corrective action by Con- project in the world’s history. Construction Appropriations Act, H.R. gress, the first immediately. This is a vital project. It has the abil- 4837, P.L. 108–324/15 U.S.C. 720, set up an First, the 2004 act made the Coordi- ity to move from 4.5 to 6 billion cubic Office of Federal Pipeline Coordinator nator follow Federal personnel law, feet of gas a day, about 5 percent of the to oversee the 15 Federal agencies that specifically Title 5 that is a slow and Nation’s total gas needs in 2018—the will have a role to play in construction cumbersome personnel process. This first year the pipeline could go into and financing of a pipeline system. The bill grants a waiver to Title 5 hiring service, if a final overland project was bill also set up a streamlined permit- procedures so that the Federal Coordi- selected and proposed within the next ting and expedited court review process nator can hire and fire her staff, based year. It would likely produce about a to limit unnecessary delays in the on their competence. That should cut third of that initially, if an LNG project—and hopefully prevent costly the time needed to staff the office with project was selected to be built. delays from driving up the project’s experts in pipeline construction by 6 to This should not be a controversial price. That bill also included an $18 bil- 9 months. Given how important it is measure. It should have no non- lion Federal loan guarantee. The sec- that the agency has specialists quickly appropriated costs involved in carrying ond of that year’s pipeline related bills, to assist the State of Alaska in its ef- out its provisions. Section 2 of the bill the FSC–ETI Act (H.R. 4520/P.L. 108– forts to select a pipeline builder, pass- will save the Nation untold millions of 357) provided the Federal financial in- ing legislation to speed the hiring of dollars in overseeing permitting and centives expected to be needed to aid Office staff is vital. construction of a pipeline, once a firm financing of the project. They included The waiver, also is common practice project is selected. Some will say that a tax credit for the cost of the pipe in for smaller Federal agencies as a host the bill is not needed since the State of Alaska and a tax credit for the cost of of agencies, from the Election Assist- Alaska has yet to reach final agree- construction of an Alaskan North ance Commission to the Vietnam Edu- ment with Alaska North Slope gas pro- Slope gas conditioning plant. The two cation Foundation, enjoy the hiring ducers on a firm agreement to build a credits were believed to produce about waiver. line. I would argue, however, that this three-quarters of a billion dollars of Second, the bill gives the coordinator bill needs to pass now to provide addi- benefit to the project. the ability to establish reasonable per- tional assistance to help the State The project itself involves building a mit filing and service fees and charges hammer out such an agreement and so system, either an overland pipeline to defray the cost of regulating and the the regulatory process is clearly in through Canada or a pipeline through oversight of any pipeline project. While place, once such an agreement is Alaska leading to a natural gas the proposed budget may pay for a half reached. The Coordinator’s Office is al- liquefication facility at tidewater in dozen to a dozen employees, nearly 400 ready involved in a host of discussions Alaska, to move gas to markets in the were employed in oversight of con- and actions relating to a pipeline and lower 48 States. Alaska has 35 trillion struction of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipe- the pace is likely to quicken in coming cubic feet of known gas in the Prudhoe line, some 30 years ago. The bill copies months, provided the office has the ex- Bay oil field and likely holds another the structure that is currently em- pertise it needs to provide technical in- 150 to 200 trillion cubic feet of gas both ployed by the Bureau of Land Manage- formation to further a project.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8705 I hope the Senate and the Congress cent. Under the current Federal pov- mount importance as this population grows will review and approve this bill quick- erty guidelines, a single senior cannot and ages. ly. earn more than $13,273 per year to qual- We strongly endorse the Senior Nutrition The Alaska gas line project is too im- ify. By raising the standard to 185 per- Act and support your and Senator Domen- ici’s effort to expand the number of elderly portant for this Nation’s energy future, cent of poverty, the same senior can eligible for the program by broadening the for our energy security, for our na- earn as much as $18,888 to qualify for income eligibility standards and permitting tional security and for our balance of food. This will make a major difference categorical eligibility for seniors who par- payments deficit for it to be delayed in the lives of so many seniors who are ticipate in or are eligible to participate in needlessly. These changes will likely struggling with the high cost of pre- the Food Stamp Program. speed the process of proceeding with a scription drugs. As you know, the CSFP provides critical pipeline. This bill has been endorsed by the nutrients to supplement the diets of thou- National CSFP Association and Amer- sands of low-income elderly who could not By Ms. STABENOW (for herself replace this food at the same low price as ica’s Second Harvest. I ask unanimous that provided by the CSFP food package. and Mr. DOMENICI): consent that a copy of these support Moreover, as you are aware, this program S. 1090. A bill to amend the Agri- letters be printed in the RECORD fol- also helps to support our nation’s farmers culture and Consumer Protection Act lowing my remarks. who grow the food that feeds this needy pop- of 1973 to assist the neediest of senior There being no objection, the letters ulation, along with millions of others who citizens by modifying the eligibility were ordered to be printed in the depend on our country’s food and nutrition criteria for supplemental foods pro- RECORD, as follows: programs. vided under the commodity supple- NATIONAL CSFP ASSOCIATION, We are very grateful for your efforts to ex- mental food program to take into ac- March 19, 2007. pand eligibility for this important program count the extraordinarily high out-of- Hon. DEBBIE STABENOW and for the contribution you have always U.S. Senate, made in waging the war against hunger in pocket medical expenses that senior America. Thank you very much. citizens pay, and for other purposes; to Washington, DC. DEAR SENATOR STABENOW: Thank you for Sincerely, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri- your continuing support of the Commodity VICKI ESCARRA, tion, and Forestry. Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) which President and CEO. Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I provides an important buffer for our vulner- f rise today to introduce the Senior Nu- able children and seniors each month. Your trition Act, which will make needed support has made a tremendous difference AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND improvements to the Commodity Sup- and we appreciate your tireless efforts. PROPOSED The National CSFP Association strongly plemental Food Program to prevent SA 840. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) pro- supports your efforts to re-introduce and our seniors from having to make the posed an amendment to the resolution S. pass the Senior Nutrition Act and will work Res. 76, calling on the United States Govern- terrible choice between food and medi- diligently to see that it happens this year. ment and the international community to cine as they try to balance their budg- As you know, 91% of our recipients are now promptly develop, fund, and implement a ets. seniors living below 130% of Federal Poverty comprehensive regional strategy in Africa to I am pleased to have the support of Level. For a household of one, this is only a protect civilians, facilitate humanitarian op- maximum of $1,062 per month. While some my friend, Senator DOMENICI of New erations, contain and reduce violence, and changes have been made in Medicare to help Mexico, who has been one of the Sen- contribute to conditions for sustainable seniors buy prescriptions, the rising medical ate’s strongest supporters of CSFP. peace in eastern Chad, northern Central Afri- and fuel costs are still of great concern to Nationally, 32 States and the District can Republic, and Darfur, Sudan. those on fixed incomes and many of those SA 841. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) pro- of Columbia participate in CSFP, seniors qualifying for food stamps due to posed an amendment to the resolution S. which works to improve the health of medical cost deductions will lose the deduc- Res. 76, supra. both women with children and seniors tions to income and subsequently their food by supplementing their diets with nu- stamps. f By amending the eligibility criteria for tritious USDA commodity foods. Ac- TEXT OF AMENDMENTS cording to USDA, nearly half a million seniors served by CSFP through the Senior people each month participated in Nutrition Act, the neediest of seniors will SA 840. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) continue to receive nutrition assistance, CSFP during fiscal year 2006, with the proposed an amendment to the resolu- which is crucial if they are to remain in good tion S. Res. 76, calling on the United overwhelming majority being seniors. health. My State of Michigan has one of the Again, thank you for championing the States Government and the inter- largest and oldest CSFP network in the causes of our nation’s elderly. national community to promptly de- Nation. Last year, over 80,000 people in Sincerely, velop, fund, and implement a com- Michigan benefited from this impor- FRANK KUBIK, prehensive regional strategy in Africa tant program. President. to protect civilians, facilitate humani- The bill I am introducing today will tarian operations, contain and reduce AMERICA’S SECOND HARVEST, make the following important changes violence, and contribute to conditions THE NATION’S FOOD BANK NETWORK, for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, to CSFP. March 27, 2007. northern Central African Republic, and First, categorical eligibility is grant- Hon. DEBBIE STABENOW, ed for seniors for CSFP if the indi- U.S. Senate, Darfur, Sudan; as follows: vidual participates or is eligible to par- Washington, DC. On page 5, after line 25, insert the fol- ticipate in the Food Stamp Program. DEAR SENATOR STABENOW: I am writing on lowing: No further verification of income behalf of the more than 200 food banks and (6) urges the Government of the Central would be necessary in such cases. The approximately 50,000 emergency feeding or- African Republic— ganizations that are part of America’s Sec- (A) to engage in constructive and inclusive Food Stamp Program provides a med- ond Harvest—The Nation’s Food Bank Net- dialogue with rebels in the northwestern re- ical expense deduction, which seniors work, to thank you for your continuing sup- gion of the country; may use to account for their high pre- port for the Commodity Supplemental Food (B) to hold accountable security forces en- scription drug costs. Program (CSFP) and your persistent efforts gaging in human rights violations; and Second, this bill says that the same to improve the nutrition and health of mil- (C) to strengthen government services in income standard that is currently used lions of this nation’s elderly. order to meet the needs of affected popu- to determine eligibility for women, in- With approximately 27 percent of our food lations; fants and children in CSFP 185 percent bank members distributing nutritious food On page 6, line 1 strike ‘‘(6)’’ and insert boxes through the CSFP, we know how very ‘‘(7)’’. of the Poverty Income Guidelines— necessary it is to expand this program so On page 6, lines 1 and 2, strike ‘‘advocate would be applied to seniors as well. The that it can reach more of the nation’s needy for the appointment of’’ and insert ‘‘urge the current income eligibility standard for seniors. Strengthening the nutrition safety United Nations Security Council to ap- seniors has been capped at just 130 per- net for older Americans is a matter of para- point’’.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘(7)’’ and insert Barataria Preserve Unit of the Jean mittee on Foreign Relations be author- ‘‘(8)’’. Lafitte National Historical Park and ized to meet during the session of the On page 6, line 10, insert ‘‘United Nations’’ Preserve in the State of Louisiana; S. Senate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007 at after ‘‘advance’’. 890, to provide for certain administra- 9:30 a.m. to hold a hearing on genocide On page 6, line 11, insert ‘‘and northern Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. tive and support services for the in Sudan. On page 6, line 13, strike ‘‘(8)’’ and insert Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘(9)’’. mission; and H.R. 1047, to authorize the objection, it is so ordered. On page 6, line 15, insert ‘‘and northern Secretary of the Interior to conduct a COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. study to determine the suitability and Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask On page 7, line 24, strike ‘‘(9)’’ and insert feasibility of designating the Soldiers’ unanimous consent that the Com- ‘‘(10)’’. Memorial Military Museum located in mittee on Finance be authorized to St. Louis, Missouri, as a unit of the Na- SA 841. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) meet during the Session of the Senate tional Park System. proposed an amendment to the resolu- on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at 10 a.m., Because of the limited time available tion S. Res. 76, calling on the United in 215 Dirksen Senate Office Building, for the hearing, witnesses may testify States Government and the inter- to hear testimony on ‘‘An Examination by invitation only. However, those national community to promptly de- of the Medicare Advantage Program.’’ wishing to submit written testimony velop, fund, and implement a com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without for the hearing record should send it to prehensive regional strategy in Africa objection, it is so ordered. the Committee on Energy and Natural to protect civilians, facilitate humani- COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY Resources, United States Senate, tarian operations, contain and reduce Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask Washington, DC 20510–6150, or by email violence, and contribute to conditions unanimous consent that the committee to [email protected] for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, on the Judiciary be authorized to meet .gov. to conduct a hearing on ‘‘Judicial northern Central African Republic, and For further information, please con- Nominations’’ on Wednesday, April 11, Darfur, Sudan; as follows: tact David Brooks at (202) 224–9863 or 2007, at 10 a.m., in Dirksen Senate Of- Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘Calling on Rachel Pasternack at (202) 224–0883. the United States Government and the inter- fice Building room 226. national community to promptly develop, f Witness List fund, and implement a comprehensive re- AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, MEET Panel I: The Honorable Richard facilitate humanitarian operations, contain Lugar, United States Senator, R–IN. COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN and reduce violence, and contribute to condi- Panel II: Debra Ann Livingston to be AFFAIRS tions for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Cir- northern Central African Republic, and Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask cuit; Roslynn Renee Mauskopf to be Darfur, Sudan.’’ unanimous consent that the Com- U.S. District Judge for the Eastern f mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs be authorized to meet District of New York; Richard Joseph NOTICES OF HEARINGS/MEETINGS during the session of the Senate on Sullivan to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York; Jo- SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS April 11, 2007, at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I hearing on ‘‘An Examination of the seph S. Van Bokkelen to be U.S. Dis- would like to announce for the infor- Availability and Affordability of Prop- trict Judge for the Northern District of mation of the Senate and the public erty and Casualty Insurance in Gulf Indiana. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that a hearing has been scheduled be- Coast and Other Coastal Regions.’’ objection, it is so ordered. fore the Subcommittee on National The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Parks. objection, it is so ordered. COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION The hearing will be held on April 26, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask 2007, at 2:30 p.m. in room SD–366 of the TRANSPORTATION unanimous consent that the Com- Dirksen Senate Office Building. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask mittee on Rules and Administration be The purpose of the hearing is to re- unanimous consent that the Com- authorized to meet during the session ceive testimony on the following bills: mittee on Transportation be author- of the Senate on Wednesday, April 11, S. 169, to amend the National Trails ized to hold a hearing during the ses- 2007, at 10 a.m., to conduct an oversight System Act to clarify Federal author- sion of the Senate on Wednesday, April meeting on the Smithsonian Institu- ity relating to land acquisition from 11, 2007 at 10 a.m., in room 253 of the tion. willing sellers for the majority of the Russell Senate Office Building. The THE PRESIDING OFFICER. Without trails in the System; S. 312/H.R. 497, to purpose of this hearing is to examine objection, it is so ordered. authorize the Marion Park Project and the property and casualty insurance in- COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS Committee of the Palmetto Conserva- dustry. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask tion Foundation to establish a com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without unanimous consent for the Committee memorative work on Federal land in objection, it is so ordered. on Veterans’ Affairs be authorized to the District of Columbia and its envi- COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND meet during the session of the Senate rons to honor Brigadier General TRANSPORTATION on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, to hold a Francis Marion; S. 580, to amend the Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask hearing on the Filipino Veterans Eq- National Trails System Act to require unanimous consent that the Com- uity Act of 2007. the Secretary of the Interior to update mittee on Commerce, Science, and The hearing will take place in room the feasibility and suitability studies Transportation be authorized to hold a 418 of the Russell Senate Office Build- of four national historic trails; S. 686, hearing during the session of the Sen- ing beginning at 9:30 a.m. to amend the National Trails System ate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at 2:30 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Act to designate the Washington-Ro- p.m., in room 253 of the Russell Senate objection, it is so ordered. chambeau Revolutionary Route Na- Office Building. The purpose of this SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL tional Historic Trail; S. 722, to direct hearing is to examine efforts to im- RIGHTS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS the Secretary of the Interior and the prove airline passenger service. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask Secretary of Agriculture to jointly The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without unanimous consent that the Sub- conduct a study of certain land adja- objection, it is so ordered. committee on The Constitution be au- cent to the Walnut Canyon National COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS thorized to meet on Wednesday, April Monument in the State of Arizona; S. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask 11, 2007 at 3:00 p.m. to conduct a hear- 783, to adjust the boundary of the unanimous consent that the Com- ing on ‘‘Responding to The Inspector

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8707 General’s Findings of Improper Use of The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- (B) to hold accountable security forces en- National Security Letters by the FBI’’ pore. Without objection, it is so or- gaging in human rights violations; and in Room 226 of the Dirksen Senate Of- dered. (C) to strengthen government services in fice Building. Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I ask order to meet the needs of affected popu- Witness List: The Honorable Bob lations; unanimous consent that Melanie Rob- On page 6, line 1, strike ‘‘(6)’’ and insert Barr, Former Member of Congress, erts, a fellow in Senator BINGAMAN’s of- ‘‘(7)’’. Chairman, Patriots to Restore Checks fice, be granted the privileges of the On page 6, lines 1 and 2, strike ‘‘advocate and Balances Atlanta, GA; George floor for the pendency of S. 5 and S. 30. for the appointment of’’ and insert ‘‘urge the Christian, Executive Director, Library The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- United Nations Security Council to ap- Connection, Inc., Windsor, CT; Suzanne pore. Without objection, it is so or- point’’. E. Spaulding, Principal, Bingham Con- dered. On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘(7)’’’ and insert sulting Group of Counsel, Bingham The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ‘‘(8)’’. McCutchen LLP, Washington, DC; and On page 6, line 10, insert ‘‘United Nations’’ ator from Iowa is recognized. after ‘‘advance’’. Peter Swire, C. William O’Neil, Pro- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, there is On page 6, line 11, insert ‘‘and northern fessor of Law at the Ohio State Univer- an appointment at the desk. Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. sity, Senior Fellow, Center for Amer- f On page 6, line 13, strike ‘‘(8)’’ and insert ican Progress, Washington, DC. ‘‘(9)’’. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without APPOINTMENT On page 6, line 15, insert ‘‘and northern objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS AND Chair, on behalf of the President pro On page 7, line 24 strike ‘‘(9)’’ and insert ‘‘(10)’’. CAPABILITIES tempore, upon the recommendation of Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask the Democratic leader, pursuant to The amendment (No. 841) was agreed unanimous consent that the Sub- Public Law 105–292, as amended by Pub- to, as follows: committee on Emerging Threats and lic Law 106–55, and as further amended (Purpose: To amend the title) Capabilities be authorized to meet in by Public Law 107–228, appoints the fol- Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘Calling on open session during the session of the lowing individual to the United States the United States Government and the inter- Senate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at Commission on International Religious national community to promptly develop, 9:30 a.m., to receive testimony on nu- Freedom: Dr. Don H. Argue, of Wash- fund, and implement a comprehensive re- clear nonproliferation programs at the ington, (for a term of May 15, 2007–May gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, National Nuclear Security Administra- facilitate humanitarian operations, contain 14, 2009). and reduce violence, and contribute to condi- tion and the Cooperative Threat Re- f tions for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, duction Program and the Proliferation COMPREHENSIVE REGIONAL northern Central African Republic, and Security Initiative at the Department Darfur, Sudan.’’ of Defense in review of the defense au- STRATEGY TO IMPROVE CONDI- TIONS IN AFRICA The resolution (S. Res. 76), as amend- thorization request for fiscal year 2008 ed, was agreed to. and the future years defense program. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask The preamble was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without unanimous consent that the Senate The title amendment was agreed to. objection, it is so ordered. proceed to the consideration of Cal- The resolution, with its preamble, SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES endar No. 103, S. Res. 76. reads as follows: Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The S. RES. 76 unanimous consent that the Sub- clerk will report the resolution by committee on Strategic Forces be au- Whereas armed groups have been moving title. freely between Sudan, Chad, and the Central thorized to meet in open and closed The legislative clerk read as follows: African Republic, committing murder and session during the session of the Sen- A resolution (S. Res. 76) calling on the engaging in banditry, forced recruitment of ate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at 3 United States Government and the inter- soldiers, and gender-based violence; p.m. to receive testimony on Ballistic national community to promptly develop, Whereas these and other crimes are con- Missile Defense Programs in review of fund, and implement a comprehensive re- tributing to insecurity and instability the defense authorization request for gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, throughout the region, exacerbating the hu- fiscal year 2008 and the future years de- facilitate humanitarian operations, contain manitarian crises in these countries and ob- and reduce violence, and contribute to condi- structing efforts to end violence in the fense program. tions for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Darfur region of Sudan and adjacent areas; the Central African Republic, and Darfur, Whereas on January 5, 2007, the United Na- objection, it is so ordered. Sudan. tions High Commissioner for Refugees f There being no objection, the Senate (UNHCR) reported that crossborder attacks PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR proceeded to consider the resolution. by alleged Arab militias from Sudan and re- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask lated intercommunal ethnic hostilities in Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask eastern Chad had resulted in the displace- unanimous consent that Matt Castillo unanimous consent that the amend- ment of an estimated 20,000 people from Chad and Patrick Fields of my staff be ment at the desk be agreed to; the title during the previous 2 weeks and posed a di- granted the privilege of the floor for amendment be agreed to; the resolu- rect threat to camps housing refugees from the duration of today’s session. tion, as amended, be agreed to; the pre- Sudan; The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- amble be agreed to; and the motions to Whereas these new internally displaced pore. Without objection, it is so or- reconsider be laid upon the table. Chadians have strained the resources of 12 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without UNHCR-run camps in eastern Chad that are dered. already serving more than 100,000 internally Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I ask objection, it is so ordered. The amendment (No. 840) was agreed displaced Chadians and 230,000 refugees from unanimous consent that Lindy Haw- Darfur and providing humanitarian support kins, an intern in my office, and to, as follows: and protection to more than 46,000 refugees Clarita Mrena, a detailee with the (Purpose: To urge the Government of the from the Central African Republic in south- Aging Committee, be accorded the Central African Republic to address human ern Chad; privilege of the floor. rights abuses in the northwestern region of Whereas Chadian gendarmes responsible The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that country) for providing security in and around the 12 objection, it is so ordered. On page 5, after line 25, insert the fol- UNHCR-run camps in eastern Chad are too Mr. HARKIN. I ask unanimous con- lowing: few in number, too poorly equipped, and too (6) urges the Government of the Central besieged by Chadian rebel actions to carry sent the privilege of the floor be grant- African Republic— out critical protection efforts sufficiently; ed to Eleanore Edson, a fellow in the (A) to engage in constructive and inclusive Whereas on January 16, 2007, the United office of Senator CLINTON, during to- dialogue with rebels in the northwestern re- Nations’ Humanitarian Coordinator for the day’s session. gion of the country; Central African Republic reported that

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8708 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 waves of violence across the north have left (B) to refrain from any actions that violate (H) to support domestic and multilateral more than 1,000,000 people in need of humani- these agreements; and initiatives to strengthen local judicial, po- tarian assistance, including 150,000 who are (C) to cease all logistical, financial, and lice, and correctional systems in Chad; and internally displaced, while some 80,000 have military support to each others’ insurgent (10) urges the President and the inter- fled to neighboring Chad or Cameroon; groups; national community to coordinate efforts to Whereas in a Presidential Statement (3) urges the Government of Chad to im- make available sufficient resources in sup- issued on January 16, 2007 (S/PRST/2007/2), prove accountability and transparency as port of this multilateral and multidimen- the United Nations Security Council reiter- well as the provision of basic services to re- sional mission, as well as adequate assist- ated its ‘‘concern about the continuing in- deem the legitimacy of the Government in ance to meet the continuing humanitarian stability along the borders between the the eyes of its citizens; and security needs of the individuals and Sudan, Chad and the Central African Repub- (4) urges the Government of Chad to take areas most affected by this conflict. lic and about the threat which this poses to action to increase political participation and f the safety of the civilian population and the to strengthen democratic institutions to en- conduct of humanitarian operations’’ and re- sure that all segments of society in Chad can EXECUTIVE SESSION quested ‘‘that the Secretary-General deploy participate in and benefit from a trans- as soon as possible an advance mission to parent, open, and capable government; Chad and the Central African Republic, in (5) urges the Government of Chad, the Gov- NOMINATION DISCHARGED consultation with their Governments’’; ernment of Sudan, and other key regional Whereas the Presidential Statement ac- and international stakeholders to commit to Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask knowledged ‘‘the position taken by the Cen- another round of inclusive political negotia- unanimous consent that the Senate tral African and Chadian authorities in favor tions that can bring lasting peace and sta- in principle of such a presence and looks for- proceed to executive session; that the bility to the region; ward to their continued engagement in pre- Homeland Security Committee be dis- (6) urges the Government of the Central paring for it’’; charged from further consideration of African Republic— Whereas a December 22, 2006, report of the PN–288, the nomination of Claude M. United Nations Secretary-General (S/2006/ (A) to engage in constructive and inclusive dialogue with rebels in the northwestern re- Kicklighter to be Inspector General for 1019) expressed a need to address the rapidly the Department of Defense, and that deteriorating security situation of Sudan, gion of the country; Chad, and the Central African Republic and (B) to hold accountable security forces en- the nomination be placed on the cal- to protect civilians in the border areas of gaging in human rights violations; and endar. Sudan, Chad, and the Central African Repub- (C) to strengthen government services in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without lic and recommended a robust mission that order to meet the needs of affected popu- objection, the nomination will be ‘‘would, among other tasks: facilitate the po- lations; placed on the calendar. litical process; protect civilians; monitor the (7) calls upon the President to urge the human rights situation; and strengthen the United Nations Security Council to appoint f a senior United Nations official to direct and local judicial, police and correctional sys- NOMINATION OF JAMES CLAPPER tem’’; coordinate all international humanitarian Whereas the December 22, 2006, report went activities on both sides of Sudan’s western TO BE UNDER SECRETARY OF on to recommend that the force also be man- border and expand the response to emer- DEFENSE dated and equipped to deter attacks by gency needs related to the political and hu- Mr. HARKIN. Finally, I ask unani- manitarian situation in the Central African armed groups and react preemptively to pro- mous consent that the Senate proceed tect civilians, including refugees and inter- Republic; nally displaced persons, with rapid reaction (8) urges the President to utilize the re- to the consideration of Calendar No. 59, capabilities; sources and leverage at the President’s dis- James R. Clapper, Jr., of Virginia, to Whereas on August 30, 2006, the United Na- posal to press for the immediate deployment be Under Secretary of Defense for In- tions Security Council passed Security Coun- of an advance United Nations mission to telligence, that the nomination be con- cil Resolution 1706 (2006), authorizing a eastern Chad and northern Central African firmed, the motion to reconsider be multidimensional presence consisting of po- Republic to lay the groundwork for a robust laid on the table, the President be im- litical, humanitarian, military and civilian multilateral and multidimensional presence; mediately notified of the Senate’s ac- police liaison officers in key locations in (9) urges the United Nations Security Chad, including in the internally displaced Council to authorize a multilateral and tion, and the Senate then return to leg- persons and refugee camps and, if necessary, multidimensional peacekeeping force to islative session. in the Central African Republic; eastern Chad and northern Central African The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Whereas continuing hostilities will under- Republic with the mandate and means— objection, it is so ordered. mine efforts to bring security to the Darfur (A) to ensure effective protection of civil- The nomination, considered and con- region of Sudan, dangerously destabilize ians, particularly refugees. and internally firmed, is as follows: volatile political and humanitarian situa- displaced persons, including by preempting, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE tions in Chad and the Central African Repub- preventing, and deterring attacks on civil- lic, and potentially disrupt progress towards ians; James R. Clapper, Jr., of Virginia, to be peace in southern Sudan; (B) to organize regular patrols along the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Whereas a December 2006 United Nations western border of Sudan and implement f assessment mission report outlined possibili- practical protection measures for asylum ties for a mission in Chad, including a force seekers; LEGISLATIVE SESSION large enough to monitor the border, deter at- (C) to maintain the civilian and humani- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tacks, and provide civilian protection; tarian nature of the internally displaced per- Whereas the United Nations Security sons and refugee camps in Chad and facili- ate will now return to legislative ses- Council has requested proposals for a United tate the efforts of aid workers; sion. Nations force in Chad and the Central Afri- (D) to deter, monitor, investigate, and re- can Republic to help protect and provide hu- f port attacks on humanitarian personnel and manitarian assistance to tens of thousands assets; ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, APRIL of civilians affected by the conflict that (E) to provide around the clock physical began in Darfur; and 12, 2007 Whereas a technical assessment mission security in the camps and surrounding areas, including organized patrols to guarantee Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask was dispatched in January 2007 toward that unanimous consent that upon conclu- end: Now, therefore, be it freedom of movement to all civilians and hu- Resolved, That the Senate— manitarian workers; sion of the vote on passage of S. 30 (1) expresses concern for the more than (F) to coordinate and share information today and the clearance of any items 1,000,000 citizens of Sudan, Chad, and the with humanitarian organizations, actively by unanimous consent, the Senate Central African Republic who have been ad- preserve unhindered humanitarian access to stand adjourned until 9:30 a.m., Thurs- versely affected by this interrelated violence all displaced persons, and ensure the safety day, April 12; that on Thursday, fol- and instability; of all humanitarian workers in accordance lowing the prayer and the pledge, the with international humanitarian law; (2) calls upon the Governments of Chad and Journal of proceedings be approved to Sudan— (G) to collect and report evidence of human (A) to reaffirm their commitment to the rights violations and perpetrators to the date, the morning hour be deemed to Tripoli Declaration of February 8, 2006, and United Nations on a timely and regular have expired, and the time for the two the N’Djamena Agreement of July 26, 2006; basis; and leaders be reserved for their use later

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8709 in the day; that there then be a period fear of offending the principles of mil- safe, Dr. Salk administered it to him- of morning business for 60 minutes, lions of Americans. self, his wife, and their three children. with Senators permitted to speak I thank my good friend from Min- As he did so, he was asked how he therein for up to 10 minutes each, with nesota, Senator COLEMAN, and my good could dare his and his family’s lives on the first 30 minutes controlled by the friend from Georgia, Senator ISAKSON, his new treatment. He replied: majority leader or his designee and the for sponsoring this bill and giving the It is courage based on confidence, not dar- last 30 minutes controlled by the Re- Senate this opportunity. I also com- ing—and it is confidence based on experi- publican leader or his designee; that at mend Senator SPECTER and Senator ence. the close of morning business, the Sen- BROWNBACK who have led the debate on Dr. Salk’s wisdom ought to guide us ate resume the motion to proceed to S. the competing measure upon which we today. The daring path is the one that 372 and vote on the motion to invoke will also be voting shortly. asks us to destroy a life for the possi- cloture on the motion to proceed. The Coleman-Isakson bill, S. 30, the bility that we might save another. If The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without HOPE Act, is a solution Senators from we go down that route, we are daring objection, it is so ordered. both parties can embrace and a solu- to ruin America’s long and proud f tion that the President will sign into record of upholding the highest moral law. and ethical standards as we seek out STEM CELL RESEARCH We should leave behind the heated new solutions, new cures, and new ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 debates of the past, pitting the hope for hopes. a cure to end human suffering against Then there is the path of con- HOPE OFFERED THROUGH PRIN- the need to protect life at all its fidence—the confidence that, thanks to CIPLED AND ETHICAL STEM stages, including its earliest. new technologies and new methods of Last year, a minority of Members in CELL RESEARCH ACT—Continued research, scientists can explore the the other body voted to block legisla- promise of embryonic stem cell re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Re- tion promoting newer methods of re- search without destroying the human publican leader. search, such as the methods this bill embryo. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the will support. I don’t understand that. Like Dr. Salk’s, this confidence is based on issue of stem cell research, when those The only explanation would be that experience—the experience of America’s best stem cells are derived from human em- they value the political clash and de- scientists who are pursuing these new meth- bryos, is one of the most profound of bate more than finding common ods of research. our time. Confronting this issue means ground—and more than the hope this The next Dr. Jonas Salk is out there. confronting a dilemma, one I am sure research can bring. Providing the money for these methods every one of my colleagues has grap- But this Senate can and should move of research through this bill is how this pled with as much as I have. forward united on the HOPE Act, and I Senate can help. On the one hand, many scientists be- urge my colleagues to support it. I am a believer in the power of lieve that research using stem cells I want to stress to everyone just how science and technology to improve peo- holds the promise of one day curing much the possibility of finding cures ple’s lives. I saw it firsthand as a young diseases. But we must also remember for these life-altering diseases means boy. that the embryos from which these to me personally. I have known what it Like all of my colleagues, I have stem cells are derived are human life. is like to feel the shadow of a debili- great hope for the cures that we will Extracting the stem cells destroys the tating disease draped over one’s life. As one day find. The Coleman-Isakson bill embryo and ends that life’s possibility. a child, I suffered from polio. is something Senators of both parties The moral boundaries this research When I was 2 years old, I came down can support. I hope that they will. Mil- crosses is greatly troubling to me, and with an infection that felt a lot like lions of Americans with loved ones in to many others. the flu. But after the fever passed, my need hope that they will. And I look But what is too often missing from left leg had gone lame. forward to the successful passage of this important debate is a simple fact The only reason I am able to stand this bill so America’s dominance in of modern science: Encouraging med- here today unaided is because of the medicine and medical technology can ical research and protecting the sanc- heroic efforts of my mother. She was continue to move forward. tity of life are not mutually exclusive not a doctor or a nurse, but she fought Mr. President, I yield the floor. goals. as hard as she knew how to save her How much time is remaining on this I have always believed that bio- only son from being trapped forever in side? medical research must be conducted in a leg brace. The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is an ethical manner that respects human For 2 years, my mother put me 7 minutes 35 seconds remaining. life. Now I am pleased to report that through a physical therapy regimen Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I new scientific research tells us that taught to her by the doctors at Roo- yield the remaining time on this side view is more possible than ever. sevelt Warm Springs Institute for Re- to the Senator from Georgia. This promising new research points habilitation, which was, of course, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the way out of the moral dilemma that founded by President Roosevelt. That ator from Georgia. embryonic stem cell research has al- was over in Warm Springs, GA. From Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I thank ways thrust us in. age 2 to 4, I was not allowed to walk or the leader for his support and particu- Alternative methods for research and to run. larly Meg Hauck who has been of im- the potential for cures are often sim- But after 2 years of my mother’s mense value to us throughout the en- pler and more efficient and don’t re- care, I was able to have a normal life. tire process of this deliberation. quire the destruction of life. A lot of kids at that time in the 1940s I thank majority leader HARRY REID They have scientific advantages over were not so lucky. Some were para- and his staff on the floor for the equi- the older method as well. That means lyzed for life. Some were sentenced to table and fair way in which they allo- that everybody who wants to find a an iron lung. Many died. cated time in support of this debate. cure for any of man’s most devastating So believe me, Mr. President, when I I thank Tyler Thompson on my staff, diseases, and find it fast, should sup- say I understand the urgency to find Chris Carr, Joan Kirchner, and a port this form of research whole- cures for the afflictions that are to- former member of my staff who retired heartedly and enthusiastically. day’s polio. I remember when the pray- but started this journey with me some With our votes, this Senate can ad- ers of my mother and mothers across time ago, Brittany Espy; also, Dr. Ste- vance this promising research through the country were answered when Dr. ven Stice at the University of Georgia, the power of Federal funds, and we can Jonas Salk developed his polio vaccine whom I have quoted many times on happily provide those funds without in 1955. To prove the new vaccine was this floor in the course of the last 20

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 hours of debate, but a scientist like Initially, I extend my appreciation to unnecessary delay for millions of patients many in America who seeks to find Senator HARKIN. Others worked hard who may die or endure needless suffering cures for diseases not yet cured, who on this legislation. Senator KENNEDY while the effectiveness of adult stem cells is evaluated. understands the potential, the and Senator FEINSTEIN have done a This is a statement from 80 Nobel vibrance, and the hope of embryonic wonderful job, but Senator HARKIN, Prize winners. stem cell research and found ways to from his position as the chair and/or According to the National Academies develop those embryonic stem cells ranking member of the labor sub- of Science, research on both embryonic that are compatible with the directive committee on appropriations, has and adult stem cells is needed ‘‘to most of the President of 5 years ago but offer worked with Senator SPECTER—back effectively advance the scientific and new, expanded hope and reality for re- and forth, the two of them have worked therapeutic potential of regenerative search in the future. to come up with stem cell legislation. medicine.’’ I particularly pay a compliment to Senator HARKIN has been a pioneer In a letter dated a few days ago, Senator HARKIN who has been the floor and a leader in this cause. I admire and April 9, Dr. Harold Varmus, former Di- manager on S. 5 throughout this de- respect him for a lot of what he has rector of the National Institutes of bate. He has been very cooperative in done as a longtime Member of the Sen- Health and now the President of Memo- every way in allowing us to share our ate, but I know I have more respect for rial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and thoughts on two distinct bills, S. 5 and him for what he has done on this legis- also a Nobel laureate wrote: S. 30. lation. I want to quote Senator GORDON He has a tremendously good staff: S. 5 represents an important step forward SMITH. Senator SMITH, in his speech, for human embryonic stem cell research, a Erik Fatemi, Ellen Murray, and Adrian new field that offers great promise for the re- said these bills should not be looked at Hatlett. They have done good work. as competitors but as companions. I placement of damaged cells, the under- I have to throw a bouquet to my standing of the mechanics of disease, and the agree with that statement because longtime, very important legislative development of the testing of new drugs. Un- they seek to accomplish the same advocate whom I have working for me, fortunately, current Federal policy, in place thing, although they travel down a Carolyn Gluck. She has worked very since 2001, has not kept pace with the speed highway that differs slightly. hard on this issue. I appreciate her of scientific discovery and is today of limited The minority leader has accurately hard work. value to the scientific community. expressed the hopes and dreams and as- I have spoken in the past about a A man whom I have met, Dr. Jeffery pirations of all Americans, and that is man I met who is in a wheelchair in Bluestone, a leading diabetes re- for us to be a catalyst at the Federal Boulder City, NE. This man suffers searcher and director of the Diabetes level, to ensure that breakthroughs in from Parkinson’s. I asked him why he Center at the University of California, health, in medicine, and in science was in his wheelchair. He told me. San Francisco, said: take place, and that we are never a After this legislation was vetoed by We have made great strides in under- hindrance or obstacle to that taking President Bush, he felt so bad because standing the role of the immune system in place, while at the same time respect- he believes with this legislation he will diabetes, but fully pursuing both embryonic ing concerns of all Americans as we go be able to walk again and not be con- and adult stem cell research will build on down that path. our current successes and could be critical in fined to that wheelchair. Senator COLEMAN of Minnesota has the ultimate treatment and cure of patients been a tremendous leader in this effort I have spoken of an 18-year-old twin who suffer from this disease. from Las Vegas. She came to Wash- and has brought many of the portions I have spoken to him personally, and ington for the first time when she was of S. 30 to reality through his research, he has said we are going to cure, in the a little girl. She has suffered from ju- through his dedication, and through next few years, diabetes. They need venile diabetes for most of her life. She his compassion. As he said so often, he this ability to go forward. has had tens of thousands of needle and Senator HARKIN and myself under- The other day I received a letter stand we can do better, we can do pricks over these years—tens of thou- signed by more than 500 leading organi- more, we can reach out, and we can do sands. But this 18-year-old girl still re- zations from all around the country. It so without crossing those lines that mains optimistic because of this legis- crossed the political spectrum. It in- cause us trouble or may become an ob- lation—optimistic for a healthy adult- cludes the AARP, the American Med- stacle to further research. hood. Not only does she feel that way ical Association, Novartis Pharma- So I conclude my remarks by thank- but her twin sister feels the same way. ceuticals, the Mayo Clinic, the Epis- I have spoken of a 23-year-old man ing my colleagues in the Senate for copal Church, Iraq Veterans for a Cure, from Henderson who just weeks after their patience and their listening over the American Diabetes Association, his high school graduation was in a car the last 20 hours. My sincere apprecia- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Cen- accident which left him a quadriplegic tion to Senator HARKIN for his coopera- ter, Harvard University, and the Par- and whose mother wrote to me a plain- tion, my praise for Senator COLEMAN kinson’s Action Network—to name 11 tive letter hoping, praying because of and his contribution, and my hope and of 500 organizations. belief that Members of the Senate will this legislation her son one day will They spoke with one voice in support look favorably on S. 30 so we can move lead a more normal life. of S. 5, writing: science forward in the research of em- The plight and suffering of these friends and neighbors pains my heart. The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act bryonic stem cells and the hope and will move stem cell research forward in our promise they bring to all Americans. But sadly, their stories are far from country. The bill holds promise for expand- I yield back the remainder of the unique. Mr. President, 100 million ing medical breakthroughs and hope for mil- time. Americans suffer just like them. Those lions of patients and their loved ones. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- who suffer are parents, are children, Even President Bush’s own Director jority leader. are friends, are our neighbors. They of the National Institutes of Health, Mr. REID. Mr. President, I have risen know that stem cell research is not a Dr. Elias Zerhouni, endorsed the need many times over the past years in sup- guarantee or imaginable, but they to pursue embryonic stem cell research port of the legislation that is now be- know it holds promise, they know it in addition to alternative forms of re- fore this body, legislation that will holds hope, real hope, yes, scientific search. At a Senate hearing a few unlock the hope of stem cell research hope. They know it because the world’s weeks ago he said: for millions of Americans and tens of leading experts tell us so. thousands of Nevadans who suffer from It’s not possible for me to see how we can In a letter to President Bush, 80 continue the momentum of science and re- cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, Parkin- Nobel laureates wrote: search with the stem cell lines we have at son’s, spinal cord injuries, heart dis- . . . for disorders that prove not to be NIH. . . . [F]rom my standpoint as NIH di- ease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, and many treatable with adult stem cells, impeding rector, it is in the best interests of our sci- other diseases. human pluripotent stem cell research risks entists, our science, and our country that we

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8711 find ways and the nation finds a way to go search. The legislation is, in my opin- I further announce that, if present full-speed across adult and embryonic stem ion, more political than substantive, and voting, the Senator from Louisana cells equally. more political than scientific. The (Ms. LANDRIEU) would vote ‘‘yea.’’ Americans, by a huge majority, favor Coleman-Isakson bill is not a sub- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. stem cell research because they see the stitute for S. 5. CANTWELL). Are there any other Sen- suffering of their own friends and rel- I know some of my colleagues will ators in the Chamber desiring to vote? atives and neighbors, similar to those disagree. I am not going to vote for it. The result was announced—yeas 63, described in my introduction today. I think S. 30 is a cover vote, and I am nays 34, as follows: They hear the opinions of experts simi- not going to provide any cover. S. 5 is [Rollcall Vote No. 127 Leg.] lar to those I just mentioned and they the only bill being discussed that will YEAS—63 put their faith in science. lift the restrictions that are impeding Akaka Feinstein Murkowski Californians, by ballot, voted, they scientific research and can lead to new Alexander Gregg Murray agreed to spend billions of their own treatments and cures of many dread Baucus Harkin Nelson (FL) State Treasury on stem cell research, conditions and diseases. For the 100 Bayh Hatch Obama Bennett Hutchison Pryor thus challenging the obstinacy of million Americans who suffer from dis- Biden Inouye Reed President Bush. eases that could be treated as a result Bingaman Kennedy Reid Congress has supported this impor- of stem cell research, there is simply Boxer Kerry Rockefeller tant cause already. Two years ago the Brown Klobuchar Salazar no alternative to S. 5. Burr Kohl Sanders House of Representatives passed some- By supporting the Stem Cell Re- Byrd Lautenberg Schumer thing called H.R. 810, the Stem Cell Re- search Enhancement Act, we are re- Cantwell Leahy Smith search Enhancement Act, with bipar- newing our faith in society’s steady Cardin Levin Snowe Carper Lieberman Specter tisan support. Last year the Senate fol- march forward. Whether expanding our Clinton Lincoln Stabenow lowed suit, as Republicans and Demo- frontiers, putting a man on the Moon, Cochran Lott Stevens crats united to pass a bill that will ex- or mapping the human genome, Amer- Collins Lugar Tester pand the number of stem cell lines Conrad McCain Warner ica has always embraced great sci- Dorgan McCaskill Webb available to federally funded research- entific challenges that hold even great- Durbin Menendez Whitehouse ers, while ensuring that strict ethical er promise. It is who we are and it is a Feingold Mikulski Wyden guidelines are followed. commitment to the American people NAYS—34 Yet when we sent this bipartisan bill that we must honor. Allard DeMint McConnell to President Bush’s desk, he responded Jonas Salk, a great American sci- Bond Dole Nelson (NE) with a veto—his only veto in 6 years, entist who moved science forward re- Brownback Domenici Roberts taking away the hope for millions. garding the dread polio or, as they Bunning Ensign Sessions Today, as hundreds of millions of called it, infantile paralysis, when he Casey Enzi Shelby Chambliss Graham Sununu Americans wait for progress, our sci- invented the vaccine, once said, ‘‘Our Coburn Grassley Thomas entists, our innovators are marking greatest responsibility is to be good an- Coleman Hagel Thune Corker Inhofe time, waiting for President Bush to cestors.’’ Vitter Cornyn Isakson Voinovich keep hope alive. The wishes of the If we give our scientists the tools to Craig Kyl American people and the overwhelming succeed and give hope to the millions Crapo Martinez weight of evidence, scientific evidence, who suffer, we will be doing just that, NOT VOTING—3 should trump the narrow ideology of good ancestors. Dodd Johnson Landrieu President George Bush. I yield any time I have. Yesterday and today we debated S. 5, Have the yeas and nays been ordered? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas the Stem Cell Research Enhancement The PRESIDING OFFICER. They are 63; the nays are 34. Under the pre- Act, a bill that is similar to the one have not. vious order of March 29, 2007, requiring both the House and Senate passed last Mr. REID. I ask for the yeas and 60 votes for passage of this bill, the bill year with strong bipartisan support. nays. is passed. The House passed it again this year. S. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The bill (S. 5) was passed, as follows: 5 authorizes federally funded research sufficient second? There is a sufficient S. 5 on stem cell lines derived from excess second. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- embryos from fertility clinics, embryos The yeas and nays were ordered. resentatives of the United States of America in Mr. REID. Also, before the Chair en- that would otherwise be discarded—dis- Congress assembled, ters an order, I ask for the yeas and carded, thrown away, trashed. These SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. nays on the second vote that we have potentially discarded embryos could This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stem Cell this evening. Research Enhancement Act of 2007’’. and should be used to advance life- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a saving research. SEC. 2. HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RE- sufficient second? There is a sufficient SEARCH. At the same time, our bill acknowl- second. Part H of title IV of the Public Health edges the important ethical issues at The yeas and nays were ordered. Service Act (42 U.S.C. 289 et seq.) is amended stake and enacts stronger research The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under by inserting after section 498C the following: guidelines than exist in the President’s the previous order, the two bills will be ‘‘SEC. 498D. HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RE- current policy. Because we believe that read for the third time, en bloc. SEARCH. all forms of promising research should The bills (S. 5 and S. 30) were ordered ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any regula- move forward, S. 5 includes a provision to be engrossed for a third reading and that supports the advancement of al- tion or guidance), the Secretary shall con- were read the third time, en bloc. duct and support research that utilizes ternative forms of stem cell research The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill human embryonic stem cells in accordance based on the Santorum-Specter bill (S. 5) having been read the third time, with this section (regardless of the date on that passed the Senate unanimously the question is, Shall the bill pass? which the stem cells were derived from a last year. The yeas and nays have been ordered. human embryo) . Tonight the Senate will also consider The clerk will call the roll. ‘‘(b) ETHICAL REQUIREMENTS.—Human em- another measure sponsored by Sen- The legislative clerk called the roll. bryonic stem cells shall be eligible for use in ators Coleman and Isakson. Similar to Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the any research conducted or supported by the Secretary if the cells meet each of the fol- our bill, theirs would promote research Senator from Connecticut (Mr. DODD), lowing: in alternative methods for deriving the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. ‘‘(1) The stem cells were derived from stem cells, some say. However, unlike JOHNSON), and the Senator from human embryos that have been donated from our bill, this bill would retain the Louisana (Ms. LANDRIEU) are nec- in vitro fertilization clinics, were created for President’s restrictions on stem cell re- essarily absent. the purposes of fertility treatment, and were

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 in excess of the clinical need of the individ- given such term in the applicable appropria- have been ordered. The clerk will call uals seeking such treatment. tions Act. the roll. ‘‘(2) Prior to the consideration of embryo ‘‘(2) APPLICABLE ACT.—For purposes of The assistant legislative clerk called donation and through consultation with the paragraph (1), the term ‘applicable appro- the roll. individuals seeking fertility treatment, it priations Act’ means, with respect to the fis- Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the was determined that the embryos would cal year in which research is to be conducted Senator from Connecticut (Mr. DODD) never be implanted in a woman and would or supported under this section, the Act otherwise be discarded. making appropriations for the Department and the Senator from South Dakota ‘‘(3) The individuals seeking fertility treat- of Health and Human Services for such fiscal (Mr. JOHNSON) are necessarily absent. ment donated the embryos with written in- year, except that if the Act for such fiscal The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there formed consent and without receiving any fi- year does not contain the term referred to in any other Senators in the Chamber de- nancial or other inducements to make the paragraph (1), the Act for the previous fiscal siring to vote? donation. year shall be deemed to be the applicable ap- The result was announced—yeas 70, ‘‘(c) GUIDELINES.—Not later than 60 days propriations Act. nays 28, as follows: after the date of the enactment of this sec- ‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— [Rollcall Vote No. 128 Leg.] tion, the Secretary, in consultation with the There is authorized to be appropriated such YEAS—70 Director of NIH, shall issue final guidelines sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal to carry out this section. years 2008 through 2010, to carry out this sec- Akaka Dole McCaskill Alexander Domenici McConnell ‘‘(d) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—The Sec- tion.’’. Allard Dorgan Murkowski retary shall annually prepare and submit to Mr. MCCONNELL. I move to recon- Bennett Ensign Nelson (NE) the appropriate committees of the Congress sider the vote and to lay that motion Biden Enzi Pryor a report describing the activities carried out Bond Graham Reed under this section during the preceding fiscal on the table. Brown Grassley The motion to lay on the table was Roberts year, and including a description of whether Brownback Gregg Salazar Bunning Hagel and to what extent research under sub- agreed to. Sessions Burr Harkin The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Shelby section (a) has been conducted in accordance Byrd Hatch with this section.’’. question is on the passage of S. 30. Carper Hutchison Smith SEC. 3. ALTERNATIVE HUMAN PLURIPOTENT Under the previous order, there will be Casey Inhofe Snowe STEM CELL RESEARCH. two minutes evenly divided before the Chambliss Isakson Specter Part H of title IV of the Public Health Coburn Kennedy Stevens vote. Who yields time? Sununu Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284 et seq.), as amend- Cochran Kerry The Senator from Minnesota is rec- Thomas ed by section 2, is further amended by insert- Coleman Klobuchar ognized. Collins Kyl Thune ing after section 498D the following: Mr. COLEMAN. Madam President, I Conrad Landrieu Vitter ‘‘SEC. 498E. ALTERNATIVE HUMAN PLURIPOTENT rise in favor of S. 30. Last year the Sen- Corker Leahy Voinovich STEM CELL RESEARCH. Cornyn Lott Warner ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with sec- ate passed a similar measure, Specter- Craig Lugar Webb tion 492, the Secretary shall conduct and Santorum, 100 to nothing. The reality Crapo Martinez Whitehouse support basic and applied research to develop is that S. 30 goes beyond what Specter- DeMint McCain techniques for the isolation, derivation, pro- Santorum did. When the dust settles NAYS—28 duction, or testing of stem cells that, like and S. 5 is vetoed, the only real oppor- Baucus Inouye Obama embryonic stem cells, are capable of pro- tunity to expand pluripotent embry- Bayh Kohl Reid ducing all or almost all of the cell types of onic stem cell research is through S. Bingaman Lautenberg Rockefeller the developing body and may result in im- Boxer Levin Sanders proved understanding of or treatments for 30. I ask my colleagues to please put Cantwell Lieberman Schumer diseases and other adverse health conditions, politics aside and to do the right thing. Cardin Lincoln Stabenow Clinton Menendez but are not derived from a human embryo. I plead with my colleagues, on behalf Tester Durbin Mikulski Wyden ‘‘(b) GUIDELINES.—Not later than 90 days of all of those who have looked to us Feingold Murray after the date of the enactment of this sec- and asked for hope to move the science Feinstein Nelson (FL) tion, the Secretary, after consultation with of stem cell research forward in a way NOT VOTING—2 the Director, shall issue final guidelines to that does not divide but unifies, do Dodd Johnson implement subsection (a), that— what we did last year, 100 to nothing, ‘‘(1) provide guidance concerning the next keep hope alive, vote in favor of S. 30. The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this steps required for additional research, which vote, the yeas are 70; the nays are 28. shall include a determination of the extent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Iowa. Under the order of March 29, 2007, re- to which specific techniques may require ad- quiring 60 votes for the passage of this ditional basic or animal research to ensure Mr. HARKIN. Madam President, the that any research involving human cells bill we just passed, S. 5, does every- bill, the bill is passed. using these techniques would clearly be con- thing that S. 30 does. That was already The bill (S. 30) was passed, as follows: sistent with the standards established under said in the debate the other day. S. 5 S. 30 this section; has already passed by an overwhelming Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- ‘‘(2) prioritize research with the greatest vote. Everything that S. 5 does is in S. resentatives of the United States of America in potential for near-term clinical benefit; and Congress assembled, ‘‘(3) consistent with subsection (a), take 30. So the next vote really doesn’t SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. into account techniques outlined by the make any difference one way or the This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Hope Offered President’s Council on Bioethics and any other, because by passing S. 5, we allow through Principled and Ethical Stem Cell other appropriate techniques and research. to be done what is done in S. 30. Research Act’’ or the ‘‘HOPE Act’’. ‘‘(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Not later Secondly, I have always taken the SEC. 2. PURPOSES. than January 1 of each year, the Secretary position that we should not tell sci- It is the purpose of this Act to— shall prepare and submit to the appropriate entists what to do and what not to do (1) intensify research that may result in committees of the Congress a report describ- within the ethical guidelines we have improved understanding of or treatments for ing the activities carried out under this sec- diseases and other adverse health conditions; tion during the fiscal year, including a de- established. What S. 30 says is: Go and scription of the research conducted under ahead and investigate. I don’t know if (2) promote the derivation of pluripotent this section. using so-called dead embryos and ex- stem cell lines without the creation of ‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in tracting stem cells will work. I am not human embryos for research purposes and this section shall be construed to affect any a scientist. But I don’t want to hand- without the destruction or discarding of, or policy, guideline, or regulation regarding cuff the scientists and tell them they risk of injury to, a human embryo or em- embryonic stem cell research, human can’t research it. As far as I am con- bryos other than those that are naturally cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer, or cerned, a vote for S. 30 is saying again dead. any other research not specifically author- SEC. 3. HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL RE- ized by this section. what we committed to do in S. 5. SEARCH. ‘‘(e) DEFINITION.— The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time Part H of title IV of the Public Health ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, the term has expired. The question is now on the Service Act (42 U.S.C. 289 et seq.) is amended ‘human embryo’ shall have the meaning passage of S. 30. The yeas and nays by inserting after section 498C the following:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 8713 ‘‘SEC. 498D. HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL embryos to risk of injury or death greater agreed to, the motions to reconsider be RESEARCH. than that allowed for research on fetuses in laid upon the table, and that any state- ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con- utero under section 46.204(b) of title 45, Code ments relating thereto be printed in duct and support basic and applied research of Federal Regulations, and section 498(b) of the RECORD, without further inter- to develop techniques for the isolation, deri- this Act.’’. vation, production, or testing of stem cells, vening action or debate. SEC. 4. NATIONAL AMNIOTIC AND PLACENTAL including pluripotent stem cells that have STEM CELL BANK. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the flexibility of embryonic stem cells (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health objection, it is so ordered. (whether or not they have an embryonic and Human Services shall enter into a con- The resolution (S. Res. 142) was source), that may result in improved under- tract with the Institute of Medicine for the standing of or treatments for diseases and agreed to. other adverse health conditions, provided conduct of a study to recommend an optimal The preamble was agreed to. that the isolation, derivation, production, or structure for an amniotic and placental stem The resolution, with its preamble, testing of such cells will not involve— cell bank program and to address pertinent reads as follows: issues to maximize the potential of such ‘‘(1) the creation of a human embryo or S. RES. 142 embryos for research purposes; or technology, including collection, storage, Whereas April 15, 2007, marks the inter- ‘‘(2) the destruction or discarding of, or standards setting, information sharing, dis- national observance of Yom Hashoah, Holo- risk of injury to, a human embryo or em- tribution, reimbursement, research, and out- bryos other than those that are naturally come measures. In conducting such study, caust Memorial Day, a day to remember and dead. the Institute should receive input from rel- mourn the millions who died during the Hol- ‘‘(b) GUIDELINES.—Not later than 90 days evant experts including the existing opera- ocaust of World War II; after the date of the enactment of this sec- tors of federal tissue bank programs and the Whereas thousands of Holocaust survivors, tion, the Secretary, after consultation with biomedical research programs within the De- historians, and researchers are being denied the Director of NIH, shall issue final guide- partment of Defense. access to files, located at Bad Arolsen, Ger- lines that— (b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after many, that tell the story of unspeakable ‘‘(1) provide guidance concerning the next the date of enactment of this Act, the Insti- crimes committed by the Nazis; steps required for additional research, which tute of Medicine shall complete the study Whereas the Bad Arolsen archives contain shall include a determination of the extent under subsection (a) and submit to the Sec- 30,000,000 to 50,000,000 pages of documents to which specific techniques may require ad- retary of Health and Human Services and the that record the individual fates of over ditional animal research to ensure that any appropriate committees of Congress a report 17,000,000 victims of Nazi persecution; research involving human cells using these on the results of such study. Whereas the Bad Arolsen archives are ad- techniques would clearly be consistent with Mr. COLEMAN. I move to reconsider ministered by the International Tracing Service, which in turn is supervised by an the standards established under subsection the vote. (a); international commission composed of 11 ‘‘(2) prioritize research with the greatest Mr. BROWNBACK. I move to lay that member countries established by the Agree- potential for near-term clinical benefit; motion on the table. ment Constituting an International Commis- ‘‘(3) consistent with standards established The motion to lay on the table was sion for the International Tracing Service, under subsection (a), take into account tech- agreed to. signed at Bonn June 6, 1955 (6 UST 6186) niques outlined by the President’s Council The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- (commonly known as the ‘‘Bonn Accords’’); on Bioethics and any other appropriate tech- ator from Louisiana. Whereas the member countries of the niques and research; and International Commission are the United ‘‘(4) in the case of research involving stem VOTE EXPLANATION States, Israel, Belgium, France, Germany, cells from a naturally dead embryo, require Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, assurances from grant applicants that no al- want the record to reflect that I would Poland, and the United Kingdom; teration of the timing, methods, or proce- have voted ‘‘aye’’ on the previous vote Whereas, in May 2006, after years of delay, dures used to create, maintain, or intervene on S. 5 had I been able to be here. I was the member countries of the International in the development of a human embryo was traveling today for a funeral and was Commission commendably agreed to amend made solely for the purpose of deriving the unable to get back. Subsequently, I the Bonn Accords to make the Bad Arolsen stem cells. archives public for the first time and agreed ‘‘(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Not later voted ‘‘aye’’ on the bill that just to place digitized copies of the documents in than January 1 of each year, the Secretary passed. But I would like the record to the archives at Holocaust research centers in shall prepare and submit to the appropriate reflect that had I been able to make other countries, including the United States committees of the Congress a report describ- the first vote, I would have voted Holocaust Memorial Museum; ing the activities carried out under this sec- ‘‘aye.’’ Whereas the May 2006 amendments will be- tion during the fiscal year, including a de- come effective only after each of the 11 mem- f scription of the research conducted under ber countries completes the ratification this section. OBSERVING YOM HASHOAH, process; ‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in Whereas the United States, the United this section shall be construed as altering HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY Kingdom, Israel, Poland, and the Nether- the policy in effect on the date of enactment Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I lands have completed the ratification proc- of this section regarding the eligibility of ask unanimous consent that the For- ess; and stem cell lines for funding by the National eign Relations Committee be dis- Institutes of Health. Whereas opening the Bad Arolsen archives ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— charged from further consideration of is an urgent matter: Now, therefore, be it There is authorized to be appropriated such S. Res. 142, and that the Senate then Resolved, That the Senate— sums as may be necessary to carry out this proceed to its immediate consider- (1) joins people around the world in observ- section. ation. ing Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, ‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without and mourning the millions who were lost during the Holocaust; ‘‘(1) NATURALLY DEAD.—The term ‘natu- objection, it is so ordered. The clerk rally dead’ means having naturally and irre- (2) commends the United States, the versibly lost the capacity for integrated cel- will report the resolution by title. United Kingdom, Israel, Poland, and the lular division, growth, and differentiation The legislative clerk read as follows: Netherlands, as the member countries of the that is characteristic of an organism, even if A resolution (S. Res. 142) observing Yom International Commission of the Inter- some cells of the former organism may be Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, and call- national Tracing Service that have com- alive in a disorganized state. ing on the remaining member countries of pleted the ratification of the May 2006 ‘‘(2) HUMAN EMBRYO OR EMBRYOS.—The the International Commission of the Inter- amendments to the Agreement Constituting term ‘human embryo or embryos’ includes national Tracing Service to ratify the May an International Commission for the Inter- any organism, not protected as a human sub- 2006 amendments to the 1955 Bonn Accords national Tracing Service, signed at Bonn ject under part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal immediately to allow open access to the Bad June 6, 1955 (6 UST 6186) (commonly known Regulations, as of the date of enactment of Arolsen archives. as the ‘‘Bonn Accords’’); this section, that is derived by fertilization, There being no objection, the Senate (3) calls on Belgium, France, Germany, parthenogenesis, cloning, or any other Greece, Italy, and Luxembourg, the member means from one or more human gametes or proceeded to consider the resolution. countries of the International Commission human diploid cells. Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I that have not yet ratified the May 2006 ‘‘(3) RISK OF INJURY.—The term ‘risk of in- ask unanimous consent that the reso- amendments to the Bonn Accords, to do so jury’ means subjecting a human embryo or lution be agreed to, the preamble be immediately;

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 (4) calls on the International Commission To be assistant surgeon MITCHELL W. CONSTANT ERIC L. CRUMP to approve the immediate distribution of ANTHONY M. DUNNIGAN DANIELLE DEVONEY copies of the documents from the Bad TOBE M. PROPST MATTHEW N. DIXON Arolsen archives that have already been To be dental director ROBERT J. DRUMMOND digitized when the International Commission THOMAS J. HEINTZMAN RONALD E. BAJUSCAK MICHAEL S. JENSEN meets in Amsterdam in May 2007; and ROBERT A. CABANAS LOUIS A. LIGHTNER, JR. (5) respectfully requests the Secretary of MICHAEL L. CAMPSMITH JIMMY P. MAGNUSON the Senate to transmit copies of this resolu- TIMOTHY L. LOZON KEVIN B. MILNE NICHOLAS S. MAKRIDES MARY C. MINER tion to the Secretary of State and to the am- DEAN A. MALLOY KATHY M. PONELEIT bassadors representing each of the member DAVID M. MCCOLLOUGH DANIEL D. REITZ countries of the International Commission in HIROFUMI NAKATSUCHI DAVID P. SHOULTZ WILLIAM V. STENBERG MARK R. THOMAS the United States. ANDREW J. ZAJAC To be dental surgeon ANTHONY T. ZIMMER f THOMAS B. BREWER To be senior assistant engineer officer DAVID L. BRIZZEE ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:30 A.M. LISA W. CAYOUS MARK A. CALKINS TOMORROW MARK S. ELLIOTT JAMIE D. NATOUR MARK R. FREESE DENMAN K. ONDELACY The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under PAUL H. JOHNSON JEFFREY S. REYNOLDS MICHAEL J. MINDIOLA HILDA F. SCHAREN-GUIVEL the previous order, the Senate stands DEBORAH PHILO-COSTELLO ERIC Y. SHIH adjourned until tomorrow at 9:30 a.m. MARION E. ROOTS NATHAN C. TATUM DONALD L. ROSS CHARLES H. WEIR Thereupon, the Senate, at 6:42 p.m., JAMES M. SCHAEFFER DANIEL H. WILLIAMS adjourned until Thursday, April 12, WILNETTA A. SWEETING To be scientist director 2007, at 9:30 a.m. To be senior assistant dental surgeon MARY E. BIRCH f KENNETH S. CHO G. SHAY FOUT CIELO C. DOHERTY DAVID HUSSONG SHARON O. WILLIAMS-FLEETWOOD NOMINATIONS ROBERT T. DVORAK DAVID C. FEIST MILDRED M. WILLIAMS-JOHNSON Executive nominations received by RONALD L. FULLER To be scientist STEVEN K. RAYES the Senate April 11, 2007: KRISTIN SHAHAN SAREAULT DRUE H. BARRETT ROBIN G. SCHEPER RICKIE R. DAVIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE JOHN R. SMITH ANN M. MALARCHER CLEMENT J. WELSH PETER MICHAEL MCKINLEY, OF VIRGINIA, A CAREER ANTHONY VITALI MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF VALARIE D. WILSON To be senior assistant scientist MINISTER-COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAOR- BENJAMIN C. WOOTEN DINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES To be nurse director CARMA S. AYALA OF AMERICA TO THE REPUBLIC OF PERU. DAPHNE B. MOFFETT FAY E. BAIER MEREDITH A. REYNOLDS DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS JANICE M. CARICO ROBERT L. WILLIAMS CHARLES L. HOPKINS, OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO BE AN CLARA HENDERSON COBB To be environmental health director ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (OPER- KIRK L. HOPINKA ATIONS, PREPAREDNESS, SECURITY AND LAW ENFORCE- KITTY R. MACFARLANE RICHARD W. DURRETT MENT). (NEW POSITION) RUSS P. METLER JAMES S. SPAHR CATHY J. WASEM PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE To be environmental health officer To be nurse officer THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATES FOR PERSONNEL AC- DANIEL ALMAGUER TION IN THE REGULAR COMPONENT OF THE PUBLIC GRACIE L. BUMPASS CLINT R. CHAMBERLIN HEALTH SERVICE SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS THERE- LAURA M. CHISHOLM NANCY J. COLLINS FORE AS PROVIDED BY LAW AND REGULATIONS: DANIEL W. CLINE GARY J. GEFROH JEFFREY L. DERRY GREGORY M. KINNES To be medical director VERNA GADDY JOHN P. LEFFEL JACINTO J. GARRIDO KEVIN D. MEEKS ARTURO H. CASTRO JOAN M. HARDING MICHAEL A. NOSKA ROBERT F. CHESBRO, JR. COLLEEN A. HAYES DORIS RAVENELL-BROWN ISABELLA A. DANEL RICHARD G. HILLS SARATH B. SENEVIRATNE AURELIO GALATI PATRICIA M. JACOBS L. J. DAVID WALLACE III EVE M. LACKRITZ ROLDIE C. JONES BERRY F. WILLIAMS MARY L. LINDEGREN EVANGELINA A. MONTOYA RONALD D. ZABROCKI BORIS D. LUSHNIAK PAUL J. MURTER III FRANK J. MAHONEY JOYCE A. PRINCE To be senior assistant environmental health BOYD W. MANGES CLIFFORNIA J. ROLLE officer ELAINE MILLER LESLIE L. ROYALL JOHN S. MORAN JAMES E. SORENSON CALVIN K. COOK MANETTE T. MALACANE NIU PAMELA JO SQUIRES VIVIAN GARCIA STEPHEN J. RITH-NAJARIAN TINA ALICE TAH BRIAN E. HROCH LAURENCE M. SLUTSKER MARY T. VANLEUVEN KATHY S. SLAWSON DAVID L. SWERDLOW FRANCES E. WALL DONALD B. WILLIAMS, JR. ROBERT P. WISE MARK S. WESSEL To be veterinary director To be surgeon ARNETTE M. WRIGHT RONALD B. LANDY SCOTT F. DOWELL To be senior assistant nurse officer To be senior assistant veterinary officer KIMBERLEY K. FOX DIANE M. AKER BROCKTON J. HEFFLIN BONNIE J. ALLARD JENNIFER H. MCQUISTON HUMBERTO HERNANDEZ-APONTE BELINDA E. BACON DANIEL B. JERNIGAN KELLY L. BARRY To be pharmacist director RONALD W. JOHNSON KIMBERLY M. DEFFINBAUGH GARY W. BLAIR PETER H. KILMARX GUADALUPE R. DEMSKE SHARON L. LUDWIG MICHAEL E. MARCARELLI IRENE H. DUSTIN JAMES P. STABLES MARK A. MILLER JUDY L. GLENN ABRAHAM G. MIRANDA WILLIAM C. GUINN To be pharmacist ABELARDO MONTALVO DENNIS R. HAMMOND CYNTHIA G. WHITNEY JULIE D. KING MICHAEL R. ALLEN STEVEN S. WOLF CHAD W. KORATICH ROBERT A. ANDERSON STEPHANIE ZAZA KAREN L. KOSAR CHRISTINE E. CHAMBERLAIN To be senior assistant surgeon MOIRA G. MCGUIRE MICHAEL S. FORMAN CAROLYN J. MCKEOWN MICHELE F. GEMELAS JENNIFER L. BETTS ANTHONY E. MILLKAMP JILL G. GEOGHEGAN MATTHEW A. CLARK MADELYN RENTERIA KAREN G. HIRSHFIELD FELICIA L. COLLINS CARMELITA SORRELMAN REBECCA J. LIDEL SRIPARNA D. DATTA AMY O. TAYLOR JOSEPHINE A. LYGHT AL-KARIM A. DHANJI WILLIAM B. MCLIVERTY PHILIP T. FARABAUGH To be assistant nurse officer AMY L. MINNICK SHELLEY F. PAULSON DANIEL R. FEIKIN MICHELLE E. BROWN-STEPHENSON COY B. FULLEN ANNIE L. REINER CHANNEL R. MANGUM PATRICIA F. RODGERS BRUCE W. FURNESS HUNG P. PHAN MELISSA A. GREENWALD SHEILA E. VEIKUNE SHANNON L. HADER To be engineer director EARL D. WARD, JR. RICHARD S. HARRIS KELVIN N. WHITEHEAD NARAYAN NAIR DONALD J. HUTSON DEBORAH F. YAPLEE MICHALE D. RATZLAFF To be engineer officer To be senior assistant pharmacist REBECCA L. WERNER MITCHELL I. WOLFE ARTHUR M. ANDERSON JAMES L. BRESETTE

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JAMES E. BRITTON, JR. PAUL J. HIGGINS ARTURO BRAVO ROSALIND P. CHORAK NOREEN A. HYNES JAMES L. CARPENTER RICHARD O. DECEDERFELT ROBERT H. JOHNSON A. ISABEL GARCIA GARY L. ELAM JEFFREY L. JONES MICHAEL F. GMUREK JENNIFER E. FAN MARY L. KAMB NORMAN W. JAMES WALTER L. FAVA WILLIAM J. KASSLER THOMAS A. KORBITZ PAUL E. HUNTZINGER SANDRA L. KWEDER RAYMOND F. LALA EUN S. JEON WILLIAM C. LEVINE MARGARET L. LAMY TENA L. JESSING JOSEPH MULINARE PATRICK D. MCDERMOTT MARIANN KOCSIS PATRICK J. OCONNOR STEVE J. MESCHER REY V. MARBELLO BRADLEY A. PERKINS GARY L. PANNABECKER ERIC M. MUELLER ROSSANNE M. PHILEN FORREST H. PEEBLES LISA D. OLIVER ROBERT E. QUICK III LYNN G. PRICE LISA P. OLSON GARY F. ROSENBERG LEE S. SHACKELFORD ERIC J. POLCZYNSKI DAVID C. RUTSTEIN DARLENE A. SORRELL LISA M. ROSE MARCEL E. SALIVE WALTON L. VANHOOSE KASSANDRA C. SHERROD ANNE SCHUCHAT JOHN T. ZIMMER GREGORY W. SMITH DONALD J. SHARP DEREK E. TESCHLER SAM S. SHEKAR To be senior dental surgeon STACEY A. THORNTON DANIEL M. SOSIN ARLAN K. ANDREWS JACQUELINE H. WARE JORDAN W. TAPPERO MICHAEL C. ARNOLD CASSONDRA M. WHITE JUDITH THIERRY TIMOTHY S. BISHOP To be assistant pharmacist WALTER W. WILLIAMS MARK R. BOGNAR DAWN L. WYLLIE HERMAN J. CAMPBELL KRISTEN L. MAVES To be senior surgeon JEFFREY M. CAROLLA RANDOLPH A. COFFEY To be dietitian director CHARLES H. BEYMER JEFFERY R. COMBS EDITH M. CLARK SUSAN BLANK BRET A. DOWNING MICHAEL J. BOQUARD MARKUS P. ELDRED To be dietitian ALICE Y. BOUDREAU PAUL J. FARKAS J RUSSELL BOWMAN JANIE G. FULLER JO ANN A. HOLLAND JOANNA BUFFINGTON CARL J. GUSTKE DAVID M. NELSON WILLIE CACHO GEORGE HADDY CONNIE Y. TORRENCE-THOMAS JOSEPH M. CHEN JOSEPH G. HOSEK To be senior assistant dietitian PHILIP E. COYNE, JR. RUTH M. KLEVENS MARSHA G. DAVENPORT MICHAEL R. KWASINSKI ALEXANDRA M. COSSI HERMAN A. DOBBS III STEVEN J. LIEN JEAN M. KELAHAN MICHAEL M. ENGELGAU TANIA M. MACIAS KIRSTEN M. WARWAR THOMAS W. HENNESSY RANDALL B. MAYBERRY GRAYDON T. YATABE MICHAEL F. IADEMARCO ADELE M. MEGLI To be senior assistant therapist NEWTON E. KENDIG MARY G. MURPHY ALI S. KHAN DEBORAH R. NOYES MARY BETH DORGAN DENISE T. KOO SAMUEL J. PETRIE LAURA M. GROGAN MARK N. LOBATO PETER M. PRESTON RONALD R. WEST VERNON A. MAAS JOSE C. RODRIGUEZ ERIC A. MANN RICKEY S. THOMPSON To be health services director AUBREY K. MILLER RICK D. VACCARELLO EPIFANIO ELIZONDO JEFFREY B. NEMHAUSER To be dental surgeon JEREMIAH P. KING LOIS R. NISKA ELENA H. PAGE TIMOTHY L. AMBROSE To be health services officer MARK J. PAPANIA RONALD C. COX MONICA E. PARISE TONI A. BLEDSOE BRYAN S. DAWSON LYNN A. PAXTON TRACI L. GALINSKY ROBERT G. GOOD CARLOS M. RIVERA DARLENE A. HARRIS STANLEY K. GORDON DIANA M. RODRIGUEZ BRIAN T. HUDSON CLAY D. HENNING MARC A. SAFRAN MALCOLM B. JOHNS LAURA J. LUND ABIGAIL M. SHEFER GAY E. NORD GELYNN L. MAJURE ROBERT J. SIMONDS CARMENCITA T. PALMA GLENN P. MARTIN DAVID H. SNIADACK STEVEN A. SMITH KATHLEEN M. OCONNOR-MORAN MARK J. TEDESCO DOROTHY E. STEPHENS JAMES J. PALERINO JONATHAN T. WEBER ALAN C. PETERSON To be senior assistant health services officer JANE R. ZUCKER TIMOTHY L. RICKS To be surgeon MARION E. ROOTS JULIE WOFFORD BLACK ROBERT P. SEWELL DEBORAH A. BOLING JOHN M. BALINTONA TODD M. TOVAREK MICHAEL A. CANDREVA ROXANNE Y. BARROW LYNN C. VAN PELT BRIAN K. CULLIGAN DAHNA L. BATTS CLAUDIA G. VONHENDRICKS LA CRUZ DAVID S. DE MARK E. BEATTY CHARLES M. WEBER JENNIFER S. GANNON ELISE M. BELTRAMI BONNIE L. GRANT To be nurse director KENNETH L. BROOKS ARNOLD L. HOWARD MICHAEL G. BRUCE SCOTT A. MIDDLEKAUFF ELIZABETH A. AUSTIN ANTHONY B. CAMPBELL GODWIN O. ODIA BETTY L. CHERN-HUGHES CHRISTINE G. CASEY RENEE S. ROBERSON LESLIE DENISE COOK COOPER JEFFREY M. CURTIS ELIZABETH A. SCOTT MARY P. COUIG PATRICK H. DAVID LISA D. STARNES ROBERT E. EATON HEIDI C. ERICKSON RUSSELL L. GREEN To be assistant health services officer JAMES D. HEFFELFINGER KAREN D. HENCH DAVID C. HOUGHTON MARY R. INGRAM ALLYSON M. ALVARADO TERRI B. HYDE ARMANDO S. LEDESMA CHERYL L. FAJARDO DENISE J. JAMIESON CAROL L. LINDSEY BETH ANNE HENSON DAVID E. JOHNSON JOHN S. MOTTER RYAN D. HILL VENKATARAMA R. KOPPAKA NANETTE H. PEPPER DAVID J. LUSCHE JAMES F. LANDO JACQUELYN A. POLDER THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATES FOR PERSONNEL AC- SUSAN A. LIPPOLD BONITA S. PYLER TION IN THE REGULAR COMPONENT OF THE PUBLIC SHERYL B. LYSS DEBORAH C. ROMERO HEALTH SERVICE SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS THERE- JULIE M. MAGRI PAUL A. SATTLER FORE AS PROVIDED BY LAW AND REGULATIONS: STEPHANIE E. MARKMAN ANNETTE C. SIEMENS LISA L. MATHIS NADINE M. SIMONS To be medical director JOHN C. MOHS PELAGIE C. SNESRUD DAVID G. ADDISS KIMBERLY S. MOHS MARJORIE LYNN WITMAN DAVID R. ARDAY ROCHELLE M. NOLTE To be senior nurse officer WILLIAM B. BAINE WILLIAM H. ORMAN MARK D. BONNELL KATHERINE C. PALATIANOS ANDREA P. ARGABRITE LYNN A. BOSCO BERNARD W. PARKER JUDITH E. ARNDT ROBERT F. BREIMAN FARAH M. PARVEZ ANA MARIE L. BALINGIT-WINES RALPH T. BRYAN ALEXANDER K. ROWE GARY W. BANGS GEOFFREY M. CALVERT STEPHEN M. RUDD JANICE A. BENNETT RICHARD J. CALVERT MARC A. SAFRAN EILEEN D. BONNEAU DAVID B. CANTON SCOTT S. SANTIBANEZ DONNA N. BROWN ROBERT L. DANNER, JR. MONA SARAIYA ROBYN BROWN SCOTT D. DEITCHMAN MICHAEL E. TOEDT MARY E. BRUK MARK E. DELOWERY ALICIA GARCIA VANTRAN DORIS L. CLARKE MAURA K. DOLLYMORE SEYMOUR G. WILLIAMS AMY S. COLLINS LUIS G. ESCOBEDO JASON J. WOO MARIA L. DINGER KAREN M. FARIZO CATHERINE L. WOODHOUSE SANDRA DODGE STEVEN K. GALSON To be dental director LESLIE D. DYE OLGA GRAJALES MARY E. FAIRBANKS DAVID M. HARLAN JEROME B. ALFORD LENA S. FAWKES GEORGE H. HAYS, JR. WILLIAM E. ATWOOD JEAN FROST AUGUSTA E. HAYS DONALD C. BELCHER EDWIN M. GALAN CLARE HELMINIAK THOMAS L. BERMEL LOUIS J. GLASS

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LONNA J. GUTIERREZ SIONA W. WILLIE ROY A. BLAY CINDY E. HAMLIN TRACY L. WOLFE KATE M. BRETT KIMBERLAE A. HOUK SHERRI L. ZUDELL FRANK P. GONZALES LAURIE S. IRWIN-PINKLEY To be senior assistant nurse officer OMAR D. HOTTENSTEIN PHILIP JARRES LAUREN C. IACONO-CONNORS VERLISS L. KELLER-MILLER CINDY L. ADAMS ROSA J. KEY–SCHWARTZ DAVID W. KELLY FELICIA A. ANDREWS CHARLES D. KIMSEY, JR. DONNA M. KENISON GLENN R. ARCHAMBAULT PATRICK J. MCNEILLY DEBORAH KLEINFELD GUADALUPE R. DEMSKE HELENA O. MISHOE CAROL L. KONCHAN MICHAEL W. FORBES PAUL D. SIEGEL MARK P. LECAPITAINE BARBARA A. FULLER JOYCE L. SMITH MARY M. LEEMHUIS SHERRY L. MCREYNOLDS WILLIAM H. TAYLOR III SUSAN R. LUMSDEN ALEXIS MOSQUERA MICHAEL D. LYMAN DARYL W. PERRY To be scientist officer IRENE MARIETTA MONICA D. RANKINS NELSON ADEKOYA KENNETH H. MARMON JANET E. SEEGERS LISA J. COLPE ANGELA M. MARTINELLI SPENCER T. SMITH RICKIE R. DAVIS TIMOTHY E. MATHEWS MINNIS T. HENDRICKS, JR. ROBERT W. MAYES To be engineer director KAREN A. HENNESSEY JERILYN ANDERSON MCCLAIN RANDY J. CORRELL ROBIN L. LYERLA STEPHANIE V. MIDDLETON DANIEL L. HEINTZMAN KATHLEEN Y. MCDUFFIE BRENDA J. MURRAY PAUL A. JENSEN JOSHUA A. MOTT GENISE Y. NIXON KENNETH F. MARTINEZ STEPHANIE L. SANSOM REBECCA K. OLIN DAVID I. MCDONNELL CYNTHIA A. STRILEY MARTHA T. OLONE RONALD L. MICKELSEN DOUGLAS A. THOROUGHMAN JOHN D. ORELLA JEFFREY J. NOLTE STEVEN R. OVERSBY RUSSEL D. PEDERSON To be senior assistant scientist officer MICHAEL J. PAPANIA JOHN P. RIEGEL CHRISTINE M. PARMENTIER RICHARD A. RUBENDALL MEREDITH A. REYNOLDS SANDRA D. PATTEA ROGER G. SLAPE To be environmental health director MONIQUE V. PETROFSKY GREGORY A. STEVENS CHERRYLL F. RANGER MICHAEL R. WEAVER ROBERT H. BERGER JAMES R. REID DAVID A. BLEVINS MARY J. RILEY To be senior engineer officer WILLIAM J. DANIELS GILBERT P. ROSE DAVID M. APANIAN BRUCE M. ETCHISON JOHN J. ROSENBERGER SHIB S. BAJPAYEE DANIEL M. HARPER JAMES F. SABATINOS RAYMOND M. BEHEL II CHARLES L. HIGGINS JULIANA M. SADOVICH JAMES W. COLLINS BRENDA J. HOLMAN BEVERLY J. SANDERS BRYAN L. FISCHER ALAN D. KNAPP MAURICE M. SHEEHAN MICHAEL G. GRESSEL ALAN R. SCHROEDER RUTH A. SHULTS ALLEN K. JARRELL CRAIG A. SHEPHERD ELLEN D. SIMMONS THOMAS M. PLUMMER To be senior environmental health officer LYNN A. SLEPSKI ROBERT J. REISS ERNESTINE T. SMARTT STEPHEN P. RHODES JARET T. AMES YUKIKO TANI ROSS D. SCHROEDER DAVID P. BLEICHER BERNADINE L. TOYA MUTAHAR S. SHAMSI BRIAN E. CAGLE KENDA J. WALLACE KEITH P. SHORTALL ALAN J. DELLAPENNA, JR. JAMES S. WHITING MARK A. STAFFORD ALAN S. ECHT CINDY L. WILSON MAURICE C. WEST RUSSELL E. ENSCORE To be nurse officer DOMINIC J. WOLF DONNA LYNN EVANS To be engineer officer WENDY L. FANASELLE JANICE ADAMS RALPH F. FULGHAM DARYL L. ALLIS STEVEN J. ANDERSON MICHAEL G. HALKO WENDY S. ANTONOWSKY DONALD C. ANTROBUS MICHAEL E. HERRING THOMAS C. ARMINIO STEPHEN R. BOLAN THOMAS A. HILL DANIEL J. ARONSON STEVEN L. BOSILJEVAC JOSEPH L. HUGHART KEVIN J. BARTLETT CHRISTOPHER A. BRADLEY STEVEN G. INSERRA TRACY A. BROWER CHRISTOPHER P. BRADY MARK A. KELTY SALLY E. BROWN MICHAEL S. COENE MARTHA D. KENT AMY V. BUCKANAGA CHARLES M. COTE CYNTHIA C. KUNKEL MARTHA E. BURTON GORDON R. DELCHAMPS JAN C. MANWARING DEBORAH M. CARTER ROBERT J. DRUMMOND THERESA I. MCDARMONT CHARLES W. CHAMBERS RICHARD J. GELTING MARK D. MILLER KAREN M. COOK KENNETH J. GRANT ROBERT S. NEWSAD TERENCE E. DEEDS CHARLES S. HAYDEN II MATTHEW J. POWERS CATHERINE M. DENTINGER SCOTT M. HELGESON JOSEPH L. SALYER LISA A. DENZER LEE C. JACKSON TERESA A. SEITZ THOMAS L. DOSS CHUCRI A. KARDOUS AUBREY C. SMELLEY, JR. SHERI L. DOWNING–FUTRELL ANTHONY G. KATHOL RICHARD E. TURNER SHANNON C. DUNN DARRELL W. LAROCHE JOHN W. WALMSLEY ROBERT T. EDWARDS JOHN W. LONGSTAFF MICHAEL D. WARREN JAMES L. GIBSON ROBERT J. LORENZ MICHAEL M. WELCH DAVID M. GOLDSTEIN ERIC L. MATSON REBECCA L. WEST BRENT T. HALL STEVEN M. MCGOVERN PAUL T. YOUNG LORI B. HANTON ANDREW M. MELTZER JOHN S. HARTFORD MARY C. MINER To be environmental health officer JODI L. HENNESSY NELSON N. MIX DIANNE MISKINIS HILLIGOSS CHRISTOPHER W. ALLEN PETER T. NACHOD JANICE ASHBY JOHN M. HOLCOMB STEVEN E. RAYNOR DE ALVA HONAHNIE STEPHEN P. BERARDINELLI, JR. RICK A. RIVERS MARGARET L. BOLTE ERIC M. HOWSER CAROL L. ROGERS WILLADINE M. HUGHES MYRNA J. BUCKLES JERRY A. SMITH JULIA E. CHERVONI ANITA L. JOHNSON JACK S. SORUM MARY C. KARLSON KEITH W. COOK MICHAEL A. STOVER LARRY F. CSEH RONALD D. KEATS DARRALL F. TILLOCK JANIE M. KIRVIN WILLIAM T. GOING III DANIEL C. TOMPKINS KIT C. GROSCH ANITA C. KRUMM HUNG TRINH DEBORAH L. LAKE ROBERT W. GRUHOT MARJORIE E. WALLACE WAYNE L. HALL ROBERTA PROFFITT LAVIN RICHARD S. WERMERS RICHARD N. LELAND KENNY R. HICKS LESLIE R. LIGHTWINE To be senior assistant engineer officer JOHN D. HOLLAND LORI M. LUU LISA J. IWASZKO STEPHANIE C. MANGIGIAN PATRICK W. CRANEY CHRISTOPHER T. KATES MARK J. MARTINEAU MATHEW J. MARTINSON DUANE M. KILGUS PETER J. MARTINEAU BRENT D. ROHLFS ANN M. KRAKE SUSAN Z. MATHEW To be scientist director JENNIFER M. LINCOLN PEGGY J. MATHIS JOSEPH D. LITTLE STARDUST W. MAZZARIELLO PAMELA L. CHING JOSEPH W. MATTHEWS JACQUELINE P. MORGAN DEBRA G. DEBORD A THOMAS MIGNONE, JR. CATHERINE B. MOSHIER LYNDA S. DOLL SUSAN L. MUZA MICHELE E. NEHREBECKY MARK S. EBERHARDT RICHARD A. ORLANDO SHELLY K. PAYNTER MICHELE R. EVANS GINA L. PAHONA RICKY D. PEARCE BARRY S. FIELDS ALAN G. PARHAM THUYLE T. PHAM YOUNG H. LEE EDWARD PEREZ, JR. LYNN M. POWER ROBERT W. LINKINS RHONDA S. SEARS LAVERNE PUCKETT WILLIAM G. LOTZ JOHN D. SMART MICHAEL R. SANCHEZ MARK L. PARIS TIMOTHY WALKER BARBARA L. SCHOEN ROGER R. ROSA ELIZABETH B. WRIGHT ROSEMARY J. SULLIVAN GLENN D. TODD To be veterinary director JAMES L. VICKROY To be senior scientist officer BRYAN E. WEAVER DOUGLAS A. POWELL DOMINIC T. WESKAMP LAILA H. ALI CAROL S. RUBIN

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WILLIAM S. STOKES TOMMY E. HOREIS JAMES F. SAVIOLA BARTON G. WEICK BECKY L. KAIME RICHARD G. SCHULMAN AXEL V. WOLFF KIMBERLY D. KNUTSON MAX A. TAHSUDA DAVID A. KONIGSTEIN ALBERT R. TALLANT To be senior veterinary officer JANE M. KREIS FRANCIS P. WAGNER, JR. SEAN F. ALTEKRUSE KOUNG U. LEE RICHARD C. WHITMIRE STEPHANIE I. HARRIS MICHAEL J. LONG To be senior health services officer ESTELLA Z. JONES–MILLER HOUDA MAHAYNI HUGH M. MAINZER PATRICK M. MARSHALL, JR. CORINNE J. AXELROD SHANNA L. NESBY–ODELL JOHN R. MARTIN THEODORE P. CHIAPPELLI META H. TIMMONS TERRI J. MARTIN FRANK H. CROSS, JR. MARK R. MCCLAIN To be veterinary officer WILLIAM M. GOSMAN CONNIE J. MCGOWEN-COX WILLIAM D. HENRIQUES KAMELA D.E. DAVIS MAYRA I. MELENDEZ TERESA C. HORAN KATHERINE A. HOLLINGER ALICIA M. MOZZACHIO PAUL A. JONES CHERYL A. NAMTVEDT GREG A. KETCHER To be pharmacist director MARY A. NIESEN HENRY LOPEZ, JR. JENNIFER SRIVER POST DENNIS M. ALDER W. HENRY MACPHERSON JULIE K. RHIE MARGARET A. MCDOWELL JENEVA S. ARNOLD WILLIAM A. RUSSELL, JR. DARYL A. DEWOSKIN EDWARD M. MCNERNEY BRIAN D. SCHILLING MICHAEL R. MILNER JOHN A. ELTERMANN, JR. KENNETH H. SCHMIDT JOAN C. GINETIS DIANA L. RULE MELISSA R. SCHWEISS JANET REEN SAUL JAMES R. HUNTER SANDRA M. SHIPP ALVIN J. LEE TERRY J. SCHLEISMAN SCARLET D. SOUTHERN RONALD E. SELLERS SHEILA M. OKEEFE THOMAS A. STICHT DAVID W. RACINE DANA R. TAYLOR VANESSA G. THOMAS-WILSON RAY J. WEEKLY JO ANN M. SPEARMON DEBORAH J. THOMPSON JAMES P. STUMPFF PEGGY J. WHITEPLUME ROBERT J. TOSATTO WILLIAM BOYD WYETH JOSLYN R. SWANN CATHERINE L. VIEWEG DAVID R. TAYLOR PAMELA J. WEST To be health services officer CHARLES C. WATSON BEVERLY K. WILCOX KATHY L. BALASKO JAMES S. WILLIAMS III CATHERINE W. WITTE MARINNA BANKS-SHIELDS EDWARD N. YALE To be senior pharmacist officer JEFFREY T. BOSSHART ROCHELLE B. YOUNG MARK E. BURROUGHS JOHN J. CARDARELLI II MARIA T. BURT To be senior assistant pharmacist officer ANA D. CINTRON VICKY S. CHAVEZ GARY M. COLE GREGORY S. DAVIS STEPHANIE DONAHOE THOMAS A. COSTELLO ROSS P. GREEN KATHLEEN E. DOWNS WILLARD E. DAUSE ELAINE J. HU L. JANE DUNCAN SANDRA L. FERGUSON NASSER MAHMUD MARY A. FONG DENISE L. GOUDELOCK VLADA MATUSOVSKY JEFFREY R. FRITSCH JAMES A. GREGORY PARAS M. PATEL THOMAS P. GAMMARANO DIANE C. HANNER EMILY T. THAKUR SYRENA T. GATEWOOD HOWARD J. HEISLER ELIZABETH F. YUAN GARY M. GIVENS REBECCA D. HICKS BEN GLIDEWELL To be dietitian director STEVEN E. HOBBS RAYMOND GOLDSTINE MARY C. HOLLISTER LILLIE D. GOLSON KAREN M. BACHMAN-CARTER THOMAS W. HURST LUISA V. GRAVLIN LAURA A. MCNALLY SHERLENE B. JACQUES GEORGE J. HAVENS III GLEN P. REVERE DAWN A. KELLY RITA L. HERRING MIRANDA S. YANG-OSHIDA MONICA R. KUENY MARY ANN HOLOVAC KIMBERLY LEWANDOWSKI-WALKER WALTER L. HOLT, JR. To be senior dietitian officer JUDITH A. NELSON ANNE M. PERRY CHARLES V. HOPPES ELAINE J. AYRES JEAN O. PLASCHKE CARL W. HUNTLEY SUSAN T. DETHMAN DANIEL H. REED MARTIN JAGERS CELIA R. HAYES JAMES B. REED CAROLYN J. JOHNSON MARILYN A. WELSCHENBACH JOSEPH L. JOHNSON BRIAN E. RICHMOND MICHAEL D. JONES To be dietitian officer MONICA PASQUALE RUEBEN JAMES C. JORDAN RUBEN T. SABATER KARI R. BLASIUS ANTHONY E. KELLER JAY A. SELIGMAN MELISSA Z. SANDERS ALICE D. KNOBEN JOHN H. STADICK APRIL P. SHAW VERNON T. LEW DELORES E. STARR MICHAEL R. LILLA To be therapist director ASTRID L. SZETO ROBERT H. MCCLELLAND SYLVIA J. TETZLAFF JOSEPH F. MCGINNIS MARK W. DARDIS BRUCE W. TOPEY PHILIP J. MINNICK FRANCES M. OAKLEY GILBERT E. VARNEY, JR. JAMES M. MOORE IVANA R. WILLIAMS KIMBERLY A. WALKER M. PATRICIA MURPHY CHRISTOPHER R. WALSH ROBERT E. PITTMAN To be senior therapist officer ROBBIN K. WILLIAMS CHERYL A. WISEMAN NICHOLAS A. QUAGLIETTA DAVID J. BRUEGGEMANN ANTHONY M. ZECCOLA WILLIAM D. SAGE MARTHA A. DUGANNE PAMELA M. SCHWEITZER SUSANNE E. PICKERING To be senior assistant health services officer MARGARET A. SIMONEAU BECKY L. SELLERS ROBERT M. TAYLOR KAREN L. SIEGEL MARJORIE D. BALDO JAMES E. TEAGUE MICHAELE R. SMITH MICHELLE M. BLETH SHARON K. THOMA NADINE R. BROWN THOMAS J. TROSHYNSKI To be therapist officer REBECCA A. BUNNELL ADOLPH E. VEZZA ELIZABETH A. HASTINGS JEAN E. BRADLEY PETER WEISS STANTON C. HAWKES JOHN H. FIGAROLA AMY L. HOLDER To be pharmacist officer SCOTT P. GAUSTAD JASON A. ORTIZ MICHELLE Y. JORDAN RONALD R. PINHEIRO KARL D. AAGENES MICHAEL D. LAPLANTE KAREN J. SICARD JAMES F. BARNETT, JR. CINDY R. MELANSON CHRISTOPHER A. BINA LOIS L. MICHAELIS-GOODE To be assistant health services officer LYNDALL S. BLACKMON RICHARD SHUMWAY DONALD L. BRANHAM MATTHEW E. TAYLOR ALLYSON M. ALVARADO SILVIA P. BREAKFIELD DANIEL C. WEAVER THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATES FOR PERSONNEL AC- CAROLE C. BROADNAX TION IN THE REGULAR COMPONENT OF THE PUBLIC CLINTON D. BULLOCK To be senior assistant therapist HEALTH SERVICE SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS THERE- KRISTI A. CABLER FORE AS PROVIDED BY LAW AND REGULATIONS: ROBERT B. CARLILE IV TESHARA G. BOUIE CYNTHIA C. CARTER AYANNA Y. HILL To be medical director LANA Y. CHEN JACKIE M. PETERMAN CARMEN C. CLELLAND To be health services director DANIEL S. MILLER SCOTT M. DALLAS To be senior surgeon ALISON R. DION REGINA A. BRONSON STEVEN D. DITTERT RUST D. COREY PAUL J. ANDREASON KATHLEEN M. DOTSON EUGENE G. DANNELS FRANCISCO M. AVERHOFF THOMAS C. DURAN MICHELE M. DOODY ROBERT BALL CAROL A. FELDOTTO CLIFFORD D. EVANS BRENTON T. BURKHOLDER MARK A. FELTNER JOHN D. FUGATE, JR. SUSAN T. COOKSON TRACI C. GALE ROBERT A. LATINA RAFAEL HARPAZ PATRICIA N. GARVEY STEVEN A. LEE DALE J. HU SCOTT F. GIBERSON RICHARD A. LEVY JEFFREY B. KOPP MATTHEW P. GRAMMER PAUL W. LICHTENSTEIN SHIRLEY J. LEE MELINA N. GRIFFIS LAWRENCE C. MCMURTRY AUGUSTINE Q. PROVENCIO ROBERT W. GRIFFITH JAMES C. PORTT CALMAN P. PRUSSIN RANDALL J. HAIGH LINDA M. POTTERN SUSAN E. REEF JANETTE L. HARRELL HEYWARD L. ROURK, JR. RAFEL D. RIEVES DANIEL L. HASENFANG ILZE L. RUDITIS ERIC M. WASSERMANN

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SUMNER COLLEEN A. SWEENEY MATTHEW A. WALBURGER MELANIE M. TAYLOR JAMES M. TINGEN RICARDO VARELA To be veterinary director To be senior assistant surgeon ELIZABETH ZAMORA WILLIAM R. ELKINS MARK R. DYBUL To be assistant nurse officer DWIGHT R. HUMPHERYS To be veterinary officer PAUL I. JUNG HAROLD L. BOYLES TERRI R. CLARK KATRINA KRETSINGER JOSEPH BRADY VICTORIA A. HAMPSHIRE KAREN A. NEAR MARK D. CRUZ DANIEL R. OLEARY SHERYL A. OSHEA MONIQUE A. DAVIS PRAGNA PATEL KAORI DONOHUE To be senior assistant veterinary officer PRITI R. PATEL BRYAN H. EMERY JEFFREY D. SCHULDEN COLEEN R. FETT JENNIFER G. WRIGHT ANN T. SCHWARTZ KENNETH L. SIMMET, JR. To be pharmacist director DANIEL A. SINGER JAMES E. THOMAS ALAN K. TUPPONCE WILLIAM T. WILLIAMSON ORVILLE D. BROWN III ALCIA A. WILLIAMS ANH P. WRIGHT To be senior pharmacist DAVID WONG To be junior assistant nurse officer To be senior dental surgeon WILLIAM D. FIGG BENJAMIN O. LINTHICUM DANIEL J. HICKEY JAMES K. LYONS To be pharmacist DAVID K. LUNDAHL ADRIANA M. MEYER-ALONZO THOMAS E. ADDISON JAMES T. OWEN ANGELA F. WILLIAMS KENNETH W. HILL To be dental surgeon To be senior engineer officer LARRY P. LIM JOUHAYNA S. SALIBA RICHARD L. FIRNHABER CAROLE L. BOERNER JON R. SCHUCHARDT CHRISTINE K. HENG To be engineer officer AARON W. SIGLER RICHARD N. HUDON To be senior assistant pharmacist SEAN R. KELLY JAMES A. BELLAH To be senior assistant dental surgeon RICARDO MURGA CECIL M. AYCOCK GREGORY J. ROBINSON MATTHEW R. BAKER RUBEN S. ACUNA GEORGE F. STEVENS SYE D. BENNEFIELD REGINALD A. BALLARD To be senior assistant engineer officer POSTELLE D. BIRCH JOYCE D. BIBERICA GERALD R. BROWN, JR. NATHAN L. BRENNER BRIAN J. BREUER ARIANNE E. CAMPHIRE MICHAEL J. DONALESKI MICHAEL R. CHARD JOHN T. CHAPMAN JENNIFER L. LOMBRANO PIERRE M. COSTELLO IVANNE L. CHEATHAM LINDA B. MARKLE JAVIER B. FRANCO JAMES B. CLAY KIMBERLY WOODS MONTOYA KELLY E. MORTENSEN TERI A. CREAGER CRISTIAN G. MORAZAN JENNIFER A. PROCTOR KEVIN R. DENNY KHOI N. NGUYEN MATTHEW W. RASMUSSON IDA-LINA DIAK ADRIAN R. PALMER CHAD A. SNELL PETER S. DIAK NANCY L. SANDMANN EMIL P. WANG DANA R. EVANS STEPHEN W. WIIST JAMES O. WHITE LORI M. EVANS JOHN R. FULTON To be nurse officer TAMMY K. WHITE MICHAEL R. YOUNG JAMES C. GEMELAS VIOLETTE J. GEZA ROBIN A. BASSETT To be assistant engineer officer ELIZABETH A. D. GIRARD SUSAN M. BEARDSLEY HUIJEONG A. HAHM TONJUS M. MASON ALLEN F. BOLLINGER ANN R. HILLER TRACY L. MATTHEWS SEAN T. BUSH THOMAS O. HINCHLIFFE JAIME MUNIZ JENNIFER LYNN CAPAROSO SARAH H. HO DEBORAH B. NIXON SHERA M. HOGAN ANNE M. NORDQUIST To be scientist director JAEWON HONG CELISSA G. STEPHENS PALMER A. ORLANDI, JR. HAKSONG JIN ANGELINE L. WASHINGTON To be senior scientist KRISTY M. KLINGER To be senior assistant nurse officer PAULA M. LAPLANT KEVIN M. MCGUINNESS NICOLE LEE THERESA M. ABEYTA KELLI D. LUCAS TAMIKA E. ALLEN To be scientist KRISTEN E. MILLER PATRICIA A. BARRETT ANGELA L. NELSON LAURA J. DRASKI ELIZABETH D. BATTLES BINH T. NGUYEN JOHN M. GOLDEN JASON M. BISCHOFF DANIEL K. NGUYEN LESLIE A. MACDONALD YOLANDA R. BURKE-DEE SOOJUNG S. PARK MARK M. METHNER WILLIAM G. CASTLE DEVVRAT T. PATEL DAVID J. SKANCHY MATTHEW A. CLEMONS JACQUIE K. ROTH JOSEPH J. TEMENAK BRENDA C. COOK SUSAN A. RUSSELL CAROL A. CORBIE To be senior assistant scientist SANDEEP S. SAINI JOSEPH M. CREAGER MARK W. SELLERS KIMBERLY R. CROCKER LEIGH T. R. BUCHANAN ALISEA R. SERMON VALESIA N. DANIELS DAN-MY T. CHU STANLEY M. SHEPPERSON ANISSA A. DAVIS DANICE K. EATON MICHAEL J. SHIBER JAMES L. DICKENS AARON T. FLEISCHAUER MELAINE M. SHIN KAREN E. DORSE DOMINIC R. FRASCA KELLEY M. SIMMS FELICIA J. DUFFY DARA S. FRIEDMAN JEANNE SKANCHY KEVIN D. ELKER ALTHEA M. GRANT DIANE C. SMITH KRISTEN A. EVERETT RONA A. LEBLANC KELLY L. STANKIEWICZ WILLIAM J. FOUST TRACY C. MACGILL AYOUB S. SULIMAN ANDREW S. GANZON JOEL M. MONTGOMERY ALLISON L. UNDERWOOD STEPHEN G. GONSALVES TIMOTHY D. NELLE PETER G. VERMILYEA BRIAN S. GRIFFIN JAMES L. OSTERHOUT BEVERLY WEITZMAN JOSEFINE R. HAYNES MARTIN L. SANDERS STACEY W. WILLIAMS DENISE M. HINTON STEVEN S. YOON YON C. YU MICHAEL J. JENKINS JOEL A. JOHNSON To be environmental health officer To be dietitian ROSEMARY A. JOHNSON ALAN L. BREND KRISTEN L. MOE JACKIE KENNEDY-SULLIVAN DEBORAH A. GRECO LESLYE L. RAUTH SUE A. LARKIN WILLIAM J. GREIM ANGEL S. LASANTA KEVIN P. SHEEHAN To be senior assistant dietitian ROBIN R. LEE CHARLETTA L. LEWIS To be senior assistant environmental health AMY M. BEUTLER MEI-YING LI officer SANDRA G. MAGERA JOHN T. MARCHAND, JR. GREGORY J. MAHRT KIMBERLY Y. MARTIN RANDY J. BOYLSTEIN To be senior assistant therapist REBECCA A. MCCAIN-SINGLETON BRIAN L. COOK SEAN M. MCMAHAN LISA J. DELANEY TERRY L. BOLES JONEE J. MEARNS ALARIC C. DENTON MATTHEW R. DAAB

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DARLENE M. HARMON IN THE NAVY THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR ERNESTINE B. HIGDON APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE BRIDGETTE A. SEAGO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY DENTAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, BARBARA A. WERITO IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: To be senior health services officer To be major To be rear admiral (lower half) ROBERT J. LYON BERNADINE F. PELETZFOX, 0000 CAPT. MICHAEL A. GIORGIONE, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- To be health services officer THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED CHARLES N. JAWORSKI IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED STATES ARMY VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, SUNIL PATEL UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: CYNTHIA A. SPELLS To be major PHILLIP L. TOY To be rear admiral (lower half) DIAHANN L. WILLIAMS CAPT. RICHARD C. VINCI, 0000 0000 To be senior assistant health services officer THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JASON D. ABEL UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS KARL W. BAILEY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: JON T. BAUGHMAN To be rear admiral (lower half) BRIAN C. BUCCA To be major CAPT. WILLIAM M. ROBERTS, 0000 RHONDALYN R. COX JOSEF RIVERO, 0000 ANDREW J. DEMMA CAPT. ALTON L. STOCKS, 0000 JODEE M. DENNISON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR TRAVIS L. FISHER IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE GERARD R. FORSTER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: UNITED STATES ARMY DENTAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, BRENDA L. GEARHART U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: CAMILLE P. HAWKINS To be rear admiral (lower half) NICHOLETTE Y. HEMINGWAY To be major CAPT. ROBERT J. BIANCHI, 0000 THOMAS S. HOCHBERG STEPHEN J. VELEZ, 0000 HELEN M. HUNTER CAPT. THOMAS C. TRAAEN, 0000 LATONYA T. JIGGETTS IN THE AIR FORCE IN THE MARINE CORPS SIANAT Q. KAMAL IBRAHIM KAMARA THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINT- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR TEMPORARY LAURIE ANN KELLEY MENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE DAVID K. LAU FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531(A): UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 6222: PETER R. LENAHAN To be major JENNIFER ANN MALIA To be major JOY ANN P. MATTHIAS NOANA ISSARGRILL, 0000 CHRISTOPHER L. MCGEE JASON K. FETTIG, 0000 CHRISTOPHER K. MILLER IN THE ARMY THERESA A. MINTER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR TEMPORARY DAISY D. MITCHELL THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR REGULAR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JAMES T. MORRIS APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SUSAN R. PEACOCK UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, SECTION 6222: TODD B. PELTON U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: To be colonel ROBERT S. PIE, JR. To be lieutenant colonel SCOTT J. SALVATORE MICHAEL J. COLBURN, 0000 ANGELA K. SHEN FRANKLIN M. CRANE, 0000 IN THE NAVY CLARENCE SMILEY GARY T. KIRCHOFF, 0000 ADAMU A. TAHIRU THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR REGULAR AP- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY LINDA THAI POINTMENT IN THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JON-MIKEL WOODY STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION KATHLEEN A. WOOTEN 5721: To be lieutenant colonel To be assistant health services officer To be lieutenant commander MARK W. CRUMPTON, 0000 GILIAN H. ENGELSON MATTHEW B. MEDNICK, 0000 BENJAMIN AMDUR, 0000 EDUARDO R. FAYTONG WILL G. MERRILL, 0000 MICHAEL L. ATWELL, 0000 JASON S. JURKOWSKI ANDREW E. PETRETTI, 0000 GILBERT AYAN, 0000 LEAH A. LASCO DAVID F. SMITH, 0000 WILLIAM E. BAIN, 0000 TODD M. RAZIANO CASEY B. BAKER, 0000 ANGEL E. SANCHEZ To be major EMILY L. BASSETT, 0000 STEPHEN C. SMITH DAVID P. BROOKS, 0000 CHRISTOPHER L. COLEMAN, 0000 LAREE A. TRACY NATHANIEL H. BROWN, 0000 CORY J. DELGER, 0000 DARIN S. WIEGERS SHAWN M. COWAN, 0000 LAWRENCE P. HOUSE, 0000 MARC E. DAVIS, 0000 RHONDA L. KEISTER, 0000 IN THE AIR FORCE WILLIAM J. DAVIS, 0000 0000 JASON M. DEICHLER, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT 0000 BRIAN C. EARP, 0000 IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- MICHAEL D. FISHER, 0000 CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR REGULAR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE JOHN W. HALE, 0000 To be brigadier general UNITED STATES ARMY NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, ANTHONY J. HARRELL, 0000 U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: MARK R. HARRIS, 0000 COLONEL MARK A. ATKINSON, 0000 MICHAEL W. HARTMANN, 0000 COLONEL MARK A. BARRETT, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel EDWARD A. HERTY IV, 0000 COLONEL BRIAN T. BISHOP, 0000 THOMAS BROOKS, 0000 JUSTIN R. HODGES, 0000 COLONEL MICHAEL R. BOERA, 0000 HELEN A. MORETTI, 0000 THOMAS M. JONES, 0000 COLONEL NORMAN J. BROZENICK, JR, 0000 STEPHEN M. KOSLOSKI, JR., 0000 COLONEL CATHY C. CLOTHIER, 0000 To be major JUDD A. KRIER, 0000 COLONEL DAVID A. COTTON, 0000 NEIL A. KRUEGER, 0000 COLONEL SHARON K. G. DUNBAR, 0000 WESLEY J. ANDERSON, 0000 ERIC E. LANG, 0000 COLONEL BARBARA J. FAULKENBERRY, 0000 MICHELLE A. DUNKLEY, 0000 CHRISTOPHER LEDLOW, 0000 COLONEL LARRY K. GRUNDHAUSER, 0000 SANDRA J. HETZEL, 0000 RANDALL G. LEE, 0000 COLONEL GARRETT HARENCAK, 0000 LORIE J. MITCHELL, 0000 PHUONG M. LUI, 0000 COLONEL JAMES M. HOLMES, 0000 DEBORAH C. WARREN, 0000 CHARLES E. LYNCH, 0000 COLONEL DAVE C. HOWE, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR REGULAR GEORGE S. MAJOR, 0000 COLONEL JAMES J. JONES, 0000 APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE JAMES R. MALONE, 0000 COLONEL MICHAEL A. KELTZ, 0000 UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, GRADY S. MCDONALD, 0000 COLONEL FREDERICK H. MARTIN, 0000 U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: NATHAN M. MILLS, 0000 COLONEL WENDY M. MASIELLO, 0000 MICHAEL S. MITCHELL, 0000 COLONEL ROBERT P. OTTO, 0000 To be colonel ALBERT L. MOORE, 0000 COLONEL LEONARD A. PATRICK, 0000 DAMON T. ARNOLD, 0000 MICHELLE L. NAKAMURA, 0000 COLONEL BRADLEY R. PRAY, 0000 STEVEN R. SMITH, 0000 THOMAS J. NIEBEL, 0000 COLONEL LORI J. ROBINSON, 0000 HADEN U. PATRICK, 0000 COLONEL ANTHONY J. ROCK, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel WILLARD L. PHILLIPS, 0000 COLONEL JAY G. SANTEE, 0000 STEPHAN H. POMEROY, 0000 COLONEL ROWAYNE A. SCHATZ, JR, 0000 DAVID B. ANDERSON, 0000 JESSE C. PRUETT, 0000 COLONEL STEVEN J. SPANO, 0000 WAYNE A. CAROLEO, 0000 KENNETH M. RAHN, 0000 COLONEL THOMAS L. TINSLEY, 0000 To be major ALFREDO R. RENDON, 0000 COLONEL JACK WEINSTEIN, 0000 JAMES M. RICHARDS, 0000 COLONEL STEPHEN W. WILSON, 0000 DONOVAN D. DIXON, 0000 MARSHALL G. RIGGALL, 0000 COLONEL MARGARET H. WOODWARD, 0000 JEFFREY R. KEIM, 0000 JOHN J. RIOS, 0000 GIJSBERTUS F. VANSTAVEREN, 0000 MARK T. ROBINSON, 0000 IN THE ARMY JOEL RODRIGUEZ, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- THOMAS A. SEIGENTHALER, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED JEFFREY R. SHIPMAN, 0000 IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., WILLIAM M. SPENCE, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: SCOTT T. TASIN, 0000 To be major general To be lieutenant colonel STEVEN C. TERREAULT, 0000 LYNDEN R. TOLIVER, JR., 0000 BRIG. GEN. CARROLL F. POLLETT, 0000 0000 DAN W. TURBEVILLE, 0000

VerDate Sep 11 2014 13:43 Jun 29, 2017 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 9801 E:\FDSYS\BOUNDRECORD\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 ejoyner on DSK30MW082PROD with BOUND RECORD 8720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 153, Pt. 6 April 11, 2007 BLANDINO A. VILLANUEVA, 0000 *Nominee has committed to respond WITHDRAWALS JOHN W. WATERSTON, 0000 KEITH C. WOODLEY, 0000 to requests to appear and testify before TODD C. ZENNER, 0000 any duly constituted committee of the Executive Message transmitted by DAVID M. ZIELINSKI, 0000 Senate. the President to the Senate on April 11, f 2007, withdrawing from further Senate f consideration the following nomina- DISCHARGED NOMINATION CONFIRMATION tions: The Senate Committee on Homeland Executive nomination confirmed by WILLIAM LUDWIG WEHRUM, JR., OF TENNESSEE, TO BE Security and Governmental Affairs was the Senate Wednesday, April 11, 2007: AN ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ENVIRON- discharged from further consideration MENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, VICE JEFFREY R. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HOLMSTEAD, RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SEN- of the following nomination and the ATE ON JANUARY 9, 2007. JAMES R. CLAPPER, JR., OF VIRGINIA, TO BE UNDER nomination was placed on the Execu- SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR INTELLIGENCE. ALEX A. BEEHLER, OF MARYLAND, TO BE INSPECTOR tive Calendar: THE ABOVE NOMINATION WAS APPROVED SUBJECT TO GENERAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, VICE THE NOMINEE’S COMMITMENT TO RESPOND TO RE- NIKKI RUSH TINSLEY, RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT TO *CLAUDE M. KICKLIGHTER, OF GEORGIA, TO BE INSPEC- QUESTS TO APPEAR AND TESTIFY BEFORE ANY DULY THE SENATE ON JANUARY 9, 2007. TOR GENERAL, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. CONSTITUTED COMMITTEE OF THE SENATE.

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SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS 2 p.m. APRIL 19 Appropriations Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, 9 a.m. Labor, Health and Human Services, Edu- Homeland Security and Governmental Af- agreed to by the Senate on February 4, cation, and Related Agencies Sub- fairs committee 1977, calls for establishment of a sys- To hold hearings to examine the impact To hold hearings to examine combating tem for a computerized schedule of all of global warming on private and fed- autism, focusing on undertaking a co- meetings and hearings of Senate com- eral insurance. ordinated response. mittees, subcommittees, joint commit- SD–124 SD–342 tees, and committees of conference. 3 p.m. 9:30 a.m. This title requires all such committees Armed Services Armed Services to notify the Office of the Senate Daily Readiness and Management Support Sub- To hold hearings to receive testimony on Digest—designated by the Rules Com- committee the Department of Defense’s manage- mittee—of the time, place, and purpose To hold hearings to examine the current ment of costs under the Logistics Civil readiness of United States ground Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) of the meetings, when scheduled, and contract in Iraq. any cancellations or changes in the forces in review of the Defense Author- ization Request for fiscal year 2008 and SH–216 meetings as they occur. the Future Years Defense Program. 10 a.m. As an additional procedure along S–407, Capitol Commerce, Science, and Transportation with the computerization of this infor- Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Science, Technology, and Innovation Sub- mation, the Office of the Senate Daily Securities, Insurance and Investment Sub- committee Digest will prepare this information for committee To hold hearings to examine United printing in the Extensions of Remarks To hold hearings to examine the role of States competitiveness through basic securitization relating to subprime research. section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD mortgage market turmoil. SR–253 on Monday and Wednesday of each SD–538 Appropriations week. Transportation, Housing and Urban Devel- Meetings scheduled for Thursday, APRIL 18 opment, and Related Agencies Sub- April 12, 2007 may be found in the Daily 10 a.m. committee Digest of today’s RECORD. Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions To hold hearings to examine rising high- Business meeting to markup S. 1082, to way fatalities. amend the Federal Food, Drug, and SD–124 MEETINGS SCHEDULED Cosmetic Act to reauthorize and amend 2:30 p.m. APRIL 16 the prescription drug user fee provi- Commerce, Science, and Transportation sions, and any pending nominations. Business meeting to consider pending 2:30 p.m. SD–628 Energy and Natural Resources calendar business. Small Business and Entrepreneurship SR–253 To hold hearings to examine S. 731, to de- To hold hearings to examine Public Law velop a methodology for, and complete, 107–204 (Sarbanes Oxley Act) and small APRIL 24 a national assessment of geological business addressing proposed regu- storage capacity for carbon dioxide, latory changes and their impact on 9:30 a.m. and S. 962, to amend the Energy Policy capital markets. Armed Services Act of 2005 to reauthorize and improve SR–428A To hold hearings to receive testimony on the carbon capture and storage re- Appropriations United States Pacific Command, search, development, and demonstra- State, Foreign Operations, and Related United States Forces Korea, and tion program of the Department of En- Programs Subcommittee United States Special Operations Com- ergy. To hold hearings to examine proposed mand in review of the Defense Author- SD–366 budget estimates for fiscal year 2008 for ization Request for fiscal year 2008 and maternal and child health, and family the Futures Years Defense Program. APRIL 17 planning and reproductive health. SH–216 9:30 a.m. SD–138 Armed Services 2:30 p.m. APRIL 25 To hold hearings to examine whether the Appropriations 2 p.m. Army and Marine Corps are properly Energy and Water Development Sub- Veterans’ Affairs sized, organized, and equipped to re- committee To hold an oversight hearing to examine spond to the most likely missions over To hold hearings to examine proposed the Department of Veterans Affairs, fo- the next two decades while retaining budget estimates for fiscal year 2008 for cusing on mental health issues. adequate capability to respond to all the Department of Energy. SR–418 contingencies along the spectrum of SD–138 combat. Environment and Public Works APRIL 26 SD–106 To hold hearings to examine the nomina- 10 a.m. tion of Lieutenant General Robert L. 9:30 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Van Antwerp, Jr. to be Chief of Engi- Armed Services To hold hearings to examine XM Sirius. neers and Commanding General of the To hold hearings to receive testimony on SR–253 United States Army Corps of Engi- legal issues regarding individuals de- Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions neers. tained by the Department of Defense as Employment and Workplace Safety Sub- SD–406 unlawful enemy combatants. committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation SH–216 To hold hearings to examine domestic vi- Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast 10 a.m. olence in the workplace. Guard Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation SD–628 To hold oversight hearings to examine Science, Technology, and Innovation Sub- Judiciary proposed budget estimates for fiscal committee To hold oversight hearings to examine year 2008 for the United States Coast To hold hearings to examine clean coal the Department of Justice. Guard. technology. SH–216 SR–253 SR–253

● This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

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