DOCSLIB.ORG

Bioresource Utilization the Biotechnology Option for Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bioresource Utilization the Biotechnology Option for Malaysia MINISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SARAWAK UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK BIORESOURCE UTILIZATION THE BIOTECHNOLOGY OPTION FOR MALAYSIA Edited by GHAZALLY ISMAIL ~ Pelanduk Publications bLo Lf4r )t~6 PREFACE As Malaysia ushers in the 21 st century, a fundamental transformation must take place in the manner we exploit our biological resources. Ma­ laysia cannot continue to grow while turning its back on the sophisticated means and technologies that are increasingly available today in harnessing bioresources optimally and competitively. A primary challenge that we face is to shift from our presently labour-intensive and raw material­ based exploitation of our resources to skill- or knowledge-based means of producing value-added resources. In the past two decades, the promise of biotechnology as a commercial success in bioresource exploitation has begun to be realised. This book is the result of a seminar/workshop held in Kuching, Sarawak on 11-13 November 1996 organised by the Ministry of Industrial Development Sarawak. The Seminar on "Scoping and Stra­ Published by tegic Planning of National Biotechnology Park in Sarawak" was con­ Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn Bhd ceived as a forum for Malaysian scientists and biotechnology researchers, (Co . No. 113307-W) entrepreneurs, industrialists and investors from several developed coun­ 24 Jalan 20/16A 46300 PetalingJaya Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. tries to discuss issues relating to the planned establishment of a Biotech­ nology Park in Sarawak. The Seminar/Workshop reviewed in a prag­ Address all correspondence to matic perspective what has been achieved in the field of biotechnology Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn Bhd and related industry in recent years. Much was benefited from the knowl­ P.O. Box 8265, 46785 KelanaJaya edge and experiences of participants drawn from such a diverse range of Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. expertise and background. Discussions centred on the strengths and Copyright © 1997 Universiti Malaysia Sarawak weaknesses of Malaysia, particularly Sarawak, as a potential global Cover Design © 1997 Pelanduk Publications player in the biotechnology industry. The participants addressed the following issues: All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Publisher. • conceptual planning, operational models and management approaches that might be appropriate for a Biotechnology Park in Sarawak Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data • niche areas in the field of biotechnology that Sarawak should explore Bioresource utilization: the biotechnology option for Malaysia and develop to become globally competitive in the biotechnology in­ /edited by Ghazally Ismail. dustry ISBN 967-978-613-7 • resource requirement and institutional arrangements to meet the 1. Biotechnology induslrie~Malaysia-Congresses. manpower needs of a Biotechnology Park in Sarawak I. Ghazally Ismail, 1949-. II. Seminar on Scoping and Strategic • development policies, practices, incentives and factors that can influ­ Planning of National Biotechnology Park in Sarawak (1996: Kuching) 660.609595 ence foreign scientists and investors to participate in the successful establishment of the Park's priorities, strategies and guidelines nec­ Printed in Malaysia by ~~ Academe Art &1 Printing Services Sdn. Bhd. ~11 'I r; ,+C/­ v (}' I' (~U~ 'l1 K h idlocc l M:.Jkj1lfnat J\kad~nul\ UNl vbRSm MA... ~cS1A SARAWAY. essary to promote the sound and viable implementation of the activi­ CONTENTS ties within the Park Preface v If the success of a workshop can be judged by the intensity of debate, then this one was a resounding success. The combination of different atti­ 1. Tapping the Potential of Agricultural and Inland Fisheries tudes and strongly held opinions on varying aspects of the above issues Resources Using Biotechnology 1 resulted in some lively discussions. One of the main achievements of the Rita Manurung and Kueh Hong Siong workshop was the bringing together of specialists from disparate back­ 2. Biotechnology in Rubber Research and Development 27 grounds to clarify issues relating both to the present situation in the bio­ H.Y. Yeang and Wan Abdul Rahman technology industry and the direction of future research and development. Many people deserve special thanks for assisting in the organisation of 3. The Role of Biotechnology in the Palm Oil Industry 31 the Seminar/Workshop and the production of this book: the Ministry of Cheah Suan Choo and laJani Sukaimi Industrial Development Sarawak for the fmancial support; members of 4. Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals via Microbial the Organising Committee for their great care for detail; staff from Biotechnology 43 . UNIMAS for their hard work and indulgence as the Secretariat; and par­ E.l. Vandamme ticipants for their papers and providing the right environment for discus­ sions. The knowledge shared and ex.periences gained at this Semi­ 5. Biotechnology of Friuts for Quality Improvement 61 nar/Workshop will be cherished for a long time by all of us. P.F. Lam and U.K. Abdu Bakar 6. Marine Resources of Sabah and Sarawak: Opportunities for Ghazally Ismail Biotechnology Applications 67 Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Gires Usup 7. Waste and Pollutant Management in Malaysia: The Biotechnology Option 87 Munedza Mohamed and Ghazally Ismail 8. The Forest Resources of Sarawak: A Base for Bioprospecting 125 H.S. Lee 9. The Status of Natural Products Research in Malaysia 115 lkram Said, lAily Din, Nik Idris Yusoff and Zuriati Zakaria 10. Studies on Goniothalamus: A Malaysian Perspective 147 lAity Din, lkram Said, Kama1Uddin Mat-Salleh, Zuriati Zakaria, Azimathtol Hawariah L.P., Fasihuddin Ahmad, A. Latif!, Nile Idris Yusof!, Mohd Wahid Samsudin and Rahmah Mohamed 11. Ethnomedical Approach to Discovering and Developing New Drugs 157 Edward l. Rohzon, Thomas l. Carlson, Raymond Cooper and Steven R. King vi vii 12. Natural Product Screening and Molecular Probes 179 Ronald Quinn Tapping the Potential of Agricultural and Inland Fisheries Resources using Biotechnology 13.Biopharmaceuticals and Diagnostics in Malaysia 189 ............................. ....... .. .................................................. ........................... Jane Cardosa RITA MANURUNG am KUEH HONG SIONG DepartmenJ ofAgriculture, Sarawak 14. Marine 'Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical R&D in Australia 199 INTRODUCTION Russel Reichelt In Sarawak, 47% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities contributing to 13 .6% of the GDP. The agricultural sector plays an im­ lS .Biotechnology Training and Skill Development in Sarawak 211 portant role in the development of the State, especially the rural econ­ Mohd Azib Salleh omy. With the establishment of plantations, crops like oil palm, sago 16.Cooperative Research Centres: Joint Ventures for the Progression palm, pepper, and coconuts will soon provide the raw materials for agro­ of Biotechnological Research to Commercial Reality 227 based and downstream industries . Joan Dawes Of the total land area in Sarawak, only about 1.81 million ha are suit­ able and another 1.72 million ha marginally suitable for agriculture. Of­ 17. Commercial ising Biotechnology: Models for Success 233 ten these areas are small, isolated pockets in remote areas or narrow Janel Caffin and David Evans strips along river banks which make them unsuitable for large scale commercial agricultural production. 18. Regional Strategies for Bioindustry Development: Sarawak can be divided into 3 broad geographical zones. These are: The Massachusetts' Experience 243 the coastal zone of about 2.24 million ha or 18.3 %, the midland zone of Fernando Quezada 4.14 million ha or 33 .8% and the interior zone of 5.85 million ha or 19. COJllll1ercialisation of Research Products 2S7 47 .9 % of the total land area. John A. Butcher The coastal zone, made up of coastal organic swamps and coastal clay plain, is mainly composed of large tracts 'of undrained deep and shallow 20. The Commercialisation of Biotechnology: Pains, Problems peat, narrow strips of poorly drained saline clay soils, acid sulphate, gley and Potentials 273 and riverine alluvial soils. Both gley and alluvial riverine soils are tradi­ Kenneth L. Giles tionally used for paddy, coconuts, cocoa and other short-term crops. However, acid sulphate and saline soils are rated as unsuitable for agri­ 21.Commercialisation of Technologies and Linking University R&D culture unless reclaimed. Farmers in this zone are comparatively poor. with Industrial Commercialisation 289 The midland zone, made up of undulating and hilly to steep mountain­ Peter Henderson ous areas along both sides of major roads, lower riverine and inland or­ 22. Entrepreneurial-Driven Science and Technology Parks: The Forte ganic swamps is where most of the agricultural activities are found . This of the National Research Development Corporation of India 301 zone has the best land for perennial crops. Although most of the farming Annusha Santhirasthipam activities are centered around shifting cultivation, rubber, pepper, cocoa, wet paddy and oil palm estates are also found in this zone. Only areas 23 . Economic Analysis: The Development of a Biotechnology Industry near major trunk roads are easily accessible. in Sarawak, Malaysia 31S The interior zone makes up the main bulk of the land mass in the Christopher D. Howe, S.M. State. In this zone are the undulating and hilly, steep to very steep, viii Bioresource Utilization - Chapter 1 Tapping the Potential of Agricultural and Inland
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Small
    Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 44 (3): 583 - 597 (2021) TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Small Pteropodid Bats are Important Pollinators of Durian in Terengganu, Malaysia Suey Yee Low1, Muhammad Nur Hamzah Zulfemi1, Siti Nor Shaffinaf Mohamad Shukri1, Aida Hidayah Abu Samah1, Hasrul Zaman Hassan Basri2, Muhammad Haffidzie Mohd Shuhaimi2, Harizah Nadiah Hamzah1, Muhammad Aidil Zahidin2, Muhammad Syamsul Aznan Ariffin2 and Nor Zalipah Mohamed1* 1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia ABSTRACT Bats are often misunderstood as agricultural pests and have received little attention for conservation efforts. However, bats are critical pollinators to commercially important agricultural products, such as durians. This study intends to confirm the role of small pteropodid bats as pollinating agents to flowering durian trees. Samplings were conducted in April 2018 to record bats visiting the flowers of two durian species,Durio zibethinus and Durio lowianus at Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Jerangau, Terengganu. Captured bats were swabbed for conspecific pollen load on their bodies to determine their potential role as pollinators. One hundred thirty-one (131) ARTICLE INFO Article history: pollen swabs were collected from three Received: 29 March 2021 pteropodid bat species: Eonycteris spelaea Accepted: 31 May 2021 Published: 20 August 2021 Dobson, Cynopterus brachyotis Dobson, DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.44.3.05 and Cynopterus horsfieldii Gray. Only E. E-mail addresses: spelaea and C. brachyotis, however, were [email protected] (Suey Yee Low) [email protected] (Muhammad Nur Hamzah Zulfemi) found with conspecific pollen loads on their [email protected] (Siti Nor Shaffinaf Mohamad Shukri) [email protected] (Aida Hidayah Abu Samah) bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Biology and Pollination Strategy of Durio (Malvaceae) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 12, December 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 5579-5594 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211203 Floral biology and pollination strategy of Durio (Malvaceae) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo NG WIN SENG1, JAYASILAN MOHD-AZLAN1, WONG SIN YENG1,2,♥ 1Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. 2Harvard University Herbaria. 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America. ♥ email: [email protected]. Manuscript received: 25 September 2020. Revision accepted: 4 November 2020. Abstract. Ng WS, Mohd-Azlan J, Wong SY. 2020. Floral biology and pollination strategy of Durio (Malvaceae) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Biodiversitas 21: 5579-5594. This study was carried out to investigate on the flowering mechanisms of four Durio species in Sarawak. The anthesis started in the afternoon (D. graveolens and D. zibethinus), evening (D. kutejensis) or midnight (D. griffithii); and lasted between 11.5 hours (D. griffithii) to 20 hours (D. graveolens). All four Durio species are generalists. Individuals of a fruit bat (Eonycteris spelaea, Pteropodidae) are considered as the main pollinator for D. graveolens, D. kutejensis, and D. zibethinus while spiderhunter (Arachnothera, Nectariniidae) is also proposed as a primary pollinator for D. kutejensis. Five invertebrate taxa were observed as secondary or inadvertent pollinators of Durio spp.: honeybee, Apis sp. (Apidae), stingless bee, Tetrigona sp. (Apidae), nocturnal wasp, Provespa sp. (Vespidae), pollen beetle (Nitidulidae), and thrip (Thysanoptera). Honey bees and stingless bees pollinated all four Durio species. Pollen beetles were found to pollinate D. griffithii and D. graveolens while nocturnal wasps were found to pollinate D.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrition Research in Malaysia.Pdf
    Selected Bibliography of Published Journal Articles from (1985 -2010) Selected Bibliography of Published Journal NUTRITION RESEARCH NUTRITION RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA Selected Bibliography of Published Journal Articles from (1985 -2010) TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP ON NUTRITION RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA NATIONAL COORDINATING COMMITTEE ON FOOD AND NUTRITION TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP ON NUTRITION RESEARCH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA NATIONAL COORDINATING COMMITTEE ON FOOD AND NUTRITION 2011 MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA ISBN 978-967701393-9 2011 NUTRITION RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA Selected Bibliography of Published Journal Articles from 1985 to 2010 Technical Working Group on Nutrition Research National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition Ministry of Health, Malaysia 2011 ISBN 978 - 967 - 70 - 1393 - 9 First Published in Malaysia 2011 Copyright © National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the publisher. Application for such permission should be addressed to the Chairman, National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition (NCCFN). Published by: Technical Working Group on Nutrition Research (for National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition) c/o Nutrition Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia Level 7, Block E10, Parcel E Federal Government Administration Centre 62590 Putrajaya, MALAYSIA Printed by: MDC Publishers Sdn. Bhd. (91168-A) Wisma MDC 2718, Jalan Permata Empat Taman Permata, Ulu Kelang 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 03-4108 6600 Fax: 03-4108 1506 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.mdcpublishers.com Preface by Deputy Director-General of Health (Public Health) Nutrition research is one of the best ways to delineate the real nutrition situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Brunei Today Will Introduce Some of Local Fruits Tortoise Liked to Eat It
    1 B r u n e RUNEI TODAY i SEPTEMBER 2009 T B VOLUME 11, Number 3 o Publication of Information Department d a y 22 B r u n e ii T o d a y Editorial Advisory Board Dr. Haji Muhammad Hadi Muhammad Melayong ([email protected]) C o n t e n t s Editor Sastra Sarini Haji Julaini 3 - 7 ...................................................................................Local Fruits ([email protected]) 8- 16................................Towards Self-Sufficiency in Rice Production Text Hajah Noorhijrah Haji Idris ([email protected]) Note on front & back cover photos Layout Front cover - Varieties of local fruits Hajah Zaianit Haji Noorkhan ([email protected]) Back cover - Padi Plantation Proof reader Hajah Norpisah Md Salleh ([email protected]) Photos Local fruits Published By Sastra Sarini Haji Julaini English News & Media IT Division Hajah Noorhijrah Haji Idris Information Department Hajah Zaianit Haji Noorkhan Prime Minister’s Office Mohd Nizam Abdullah Brunei Darussalam BB 3510 Mahmud Ibrahim Tel: 673 2 383400 Nor Ajijah Haji Mohammad Disclaimer All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, Paddy project reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, Sastra Sarini Haji Julaini mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, Haji Ariffin Md. Noor including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from Pengiran Ikram Pengiran Haji Ahmad the English News & Media IT, Department of Information, Photography Division of Department of Information Prime Minister’s Office, Brunei Darussalam. Printed By Asia Printers 3 B r u n e i orneo Island is the third largest island in the world where Durian Kuning (Durio graveolens Becc.): This durian family its total area of 287,000 square miles are divided into four has the most species.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Glossary
    Medical Glossary AAD allergic airway disease, an inflammatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine, producing disorder of the airways caused by allergens. choline. AAPH 2,2¢-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydro- Acne vulga´ris also known as chronic acne, chloride, a water-soluble azo compound used usually occurring in adolescence, with come- extensively as a free radical generator, often in dones (blackheads), papules (red pimples), the study of lipid peroxidation and the charac- nodules (inflamed acne spots), and pustules terization of antioxidants. (small inflamed pus-filled lesions) on the face, Abeta aggregation amyloid beta protein (Abeta) neck, and upper part of the trunk. aggregation is associated with Alzheimer’s Acidosis increased acidity. disease (AD), it is a major component of the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome extracellular plaque found in AD brains. (AIDS) an epidemic disease caused by an Abdominal distension referring to generalised infection by human immunodeficiency virus distension of most or all of the abdomen. Also (HIV-1, HIV-2), retrovirus that causes immune referred to as stomach bloating often caused system failure and debilitation and is often by a sudden increase in fibre from consump- accompanied by infections such as tuberculo- tion of vegetables, fruits and beans. sis. Ablation therapy the destruction of small areas Acridone an organic compound based on the of myocardial tissue, usually by application acridine skeleton, with a carbonyl group at the of electrical or chemical energy, in the treat- 9 position. ment of some tachyarrhythmias. ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone (or corti- Abortifacient a substance that causes or induces cotropin), a polypeptide tropic hormone pro- abortion. duced and secreted by the anterior pituitary Abortivum a substance inducing abortion.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
    United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of the Tree Flora in Semenggoh Arboretum, Sarawak, Borneo
    Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 139–169. 2012 139 Diversity of the tree flora in Semenggoh Arboretum, Sarawak, Borneo C.Y. Ling1 and S. Julia2 Botanical Research Centre, Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Km 20, Jalan Puncak Borneo, 93250 Kuching, Sarawak [email protected] (corresponding author) [email protected] ABSTRACT. A 4-ha sample plot was established at the Arboretum, Semenggoh Forest Reserve to document tree species in this lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. The area assessed contains 2837 trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm belonging to 60 families, 160 genera and 541 species. Euphorbiaceae and Malvaceae (10 genera each) were the most diverse families at genus level and Dipterocarpaceae (61 species) is most diverse at species level. More than 25% of trees (720 individuals) were dipterocarps and contributed the highest basal area (cross-sectional area over-bark at breast height measured in m2) of 16.7 m2/ha. The most abundant species are Shorea multiflora (21 trees/ha) and Pouteria malaccensis (31 trees/ha) for dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp species, respectively. Semenggoh Arboretum has a rich and diverse flora and, being a natural primary forest in the middle of an increasingly developed area, Semenggoh is important as a genetic reservoir for threatened species (particularly the dipterocarps) and as an in-situ conservation site for Sarawak’s lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. Keywords. Borneo, Dipterocarpaceae, Sarawak, Semenggoh Arboretum, tree diversity Introduction Floristic composition studies or floristic analyses are a useful tool to understand the spatial pattern of plant composition and diversity. When combined with ecological, environmental, geological and historical variables, important information on mechanisms maintaining high levels of tree species diversity in tropical forest can be obtained (Slik et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Durian for Hawai'i
    • bullet Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops April 2019 F_N-53 Durian for Hawai‘i Ken Love,1 Lindsay Gasik,2 and Robert E. Paull3 1Hawaii Tropical Fruit Growers, P.O. Box 1162, Captain Cook, Hawai‘i 96704 2Year of the Durian, https://www.yearofthedurian.com/ 3Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 Introduction in the 1741 classical work on Indonesian flora, which The durian, often called the King of Fruit, is one of the stated that the fruit was used to bait the Indian civet cat. most beloved, most hated, and least understood of the The name was not given because the fruit smelled like fruits of Southeast Asia. The edible fleshy part is the the civet cat, as is sometimes assumed. Another point of aril that surrounds the seed and is enclosed in a hard confusion, which arose in the 1800s, is the authority for thorny rind. The seeds are also roasted and eaten. It gets the name. It is sometimes assigned to the Swedish edi- its reputation from its strong, pervasive odor, deemed tor and botanist Johan Andreas Murray, who published nauseating by durian haters but so delicious by durian a German translation of Linnaeus’s 13th edition of the devotees that the durian has an almost cult-like fan-base, Systema Naturae in 1774. His name later appears in with clubs dedicated to “durian hunting” in Indonesia, several major taxonomic works as the author. However, Malaysia, and Thailand and a growing international Linnaeus is the correct authority for Durio zibethinus, agrotourism industry that offers durian-eating travel not Murray (Brown 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Pomology 2017 First Class.Pdf
    POMOLOGY Evolution, Breeding History, Physiology of Production of Fruit Crops For Quantity and Quality Of Fruit Production Of Durian, mangosteen, citrus and underutilized species Over 230 species Diversity of Fruit Trees in Sri from over 57 families Lanka High genetic variation in many species Many are underutilized ..\..\..\CARP-ICRAF PROJECT\fruit trees data.xls Market Opportunities 1. For Fresh fruits 2. Fresh fruit as raw material 3. Semi processed products 4. Processed products 5. New developments (bioprospecting-medicines, health food items) Our fruits are gifts of diversity, not results of systematic breeding, but to unique selection events by unsung and unremembered farmers. Vincenzo Campi 1580 The broken chain (information and value): J-P Lillisoe Growers need information that selected germplasm performs better Seedling supply chain needs funding APPROACH NOW APPROACHING APPROACH Once produced, only possibility is grading Availability of Selected Fruits New ways to look issues.. New ways to look issues.. Durian Durio oxleyanus – Orange Durian Identify New Species Durio graveolens – Red Durian Variety improvement… • Conventional breeding, selection from natural, induced changes (genetic engineering and mutational breeding) • Mainly by selection of chance seedlings e.g. Hass avocado, Tommy Atkins mango, Kensington Pride mango, many more… • Apples and strawberries conventional hybridized. New scion and rootstock varieties from East Malling (England) and Maroochy (Queensland). • Citrus - Florida, Pineapple- Hawaii, Australia, papaya-
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Malvaceae Taxon: Durio zibethinus Synonym: NA Common Name: Durian Stinkfrucht Durião durión Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -2 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Microbial and Enzymatic Processes for Valorisation of Industrial Side Streams for the Production of Microbial Lipids and Esters
    Agricultural University of Athens Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Laboratory of Food Process Engineering Development of microbial and enzymatic processes for valorisation of industrial side streams for the production of microbial lipids and esters A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Erminta L. Tsouko ATHENS 2019 SUPERVISOR Doctor Apostolos Koutinas Agricultural University of Athens Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Laboratory of Food Process Engineering Development of microbial and enzymatic processes for valorisation of industrial side streams for the production of microbial lipids and esters A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Erminta L. Tsouko ATHENS 2019 SUPERVISOR Doctor Apostolos Koutinas ii DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Development of microbial and enzymatic processes for valorisation of industrial side streams for the production of microbial lipids and esters Thesis committee Thesis supervisor Dr. Apostolos Koutinas, Assistant Professor, Agricultural University of Athens Thesis co-supervisors Serafeim Papanikolaou, Associate Professor, Agricultural University of Athens Ioannis Kookos, Professor, University of Patra Other members Ioanna Mantala, Associate Professor, Agricultural University of Athens Vasiliki Evaggeliou, Associate Professor, Agricultural University of Athens Nikolaos Stoforos, Professor, Agricultural University of Athens Denise M.G Freire, Professor, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil iii Γεωπονικό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών Τμήμα Επιστήμης
    [Show full text]
  • Protective Role of Palmitoleate Against Zika Virus-Induced Apoptosis in Placental Trophoblasts
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Public Access Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research from the College of Education and Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences (CEHS) 7-2021 Protective Role of Palmitoleate against Zika Virus-Induced Apoptosis in Placental Trophoblasts Philma Glora Muthuraj University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Nutrition Commons, and the Virology Commons Muthuraj, Philma Glora, "Protective Role of Palmitoleate against Zika Virus-Induced Apoptosis in Placental Trophoblasts" (2021). Public Access Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research from the College of Education and Human Sciences. 396. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/396 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Access Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PROTECTIVE ROLE OF PALMITOLEATE AGAINST ZIKA VIRUS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS by Philma Glora Muthuraj A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Nutrition Under the Supervision of Professor Sathish Kumar Natarajan Lincoln, Nebraska July, 2021 PROTECTIVE ROLE OF PALMITOLEATE AGAINST ZIKA VIRUS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS Philma Glora Muthuraj, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2021 Adviser: Sathish Kumar Natarajan Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women causes congenital Zika syndrome which involves birth defects such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), retinal defects and microcephaly in the fetus.
    [Show full text]