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1900-1910 Partial Fulfillment of the Re i 'IU.JAUKEE t S "LITTLE ITALY . " 1900-1910 A STUDY IN THE ORIGINS N7D .... T~J'GGu:S OF AN 1 TALIAN IMMIGRANT COLOl'TY by Alberto Cos imo r1e loni. A. E. A Thesis subml~~ed ~o ~he Facul ty of the raduate School , r~arquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Re­ quire~ents for the Degree of Master of Arts Mi.lwaukee, Hiscons1n April. lQ69 .,.,ABLE O~ / Chapter • HIU. ENS In! PATR • • ••• • 1 IT . ITA""" .DES THE .6Lom" laRD . • • • 15 III. GARB. GOURHETS AL"i"D GANGSTER..., • • • • IV . A IS ROSY WITH ROS . ~ . 43 ,7 . ,,\-lAUKEE I S I TAtIANS REACH REA VENWAR • • • !~9 VI. "'LITTLE TALy tS" GREATS IN REV I.:.w • • • • • 57 • • •• •• •• 4' • • • •• • *' • 9 . .. ... .. 96 TOF TABtES ;' Table Page Statistical Snrv~ey 0-:7 i taliar.. !.' ... ;"iet:'ent~ Entering the U. S., 1820~1957 ••••• • • • 79 2. Number of Southern Italians Enteril13 the U. :.... , 1900-1910, as Opposed to Other It<llian~ . SO 3. Distribution of Italian::; in t!1C \" ' ::;.1' 1890.. 1920, by Geocraphic Recion in :crcentagee by Decaues . ••••• •••••• ••• • 81 ForeiGn-Born Italians Resi.'hg in :,·L,consin' s Counties, 1900 and 1910 •••••••••• • • 82 5. Poreicn-Born Italians R(!s i ding in ~! isconsin ' s Cities Exceedine 25 , 000 :esidents in 1:00 and 1910 • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 83 6 . Italian Residents in the Vat'ious Milwaultee itv Hards i n 1910 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 84 7. Age Percentages of Cross Sections of Mihlaul:ee Italian Residents in 1910 • • • • • • • • • •• 85 8 . Italian Imr.igration to the United 3tates, 1899 o 1.90'), hy Occupational Percentages • • • •• 86 • -~penditur 01: a 1910 ilToleultee Fa..-nily (8) • • • • • •• •• • • • • 87 10. Heekly Food E:xperniitures of a 1910 Hibtaukee t:alian family (~) •••••••••••••• 88 11 . M11uauk.ee Foreign ~hari ty Se el~ers for 1 ~10 According to Nationality • • • • • • • • • •• 89 12. Items Distributed to Hihlaukee Foreign Charity See!~ers for 1910 According to Natior.alitv • •• 90 13 . otins Results frOOl i1i:w.,!,lk:"e. ' ~ Third v!erd for Fresident, t. overnor, !,layor , and Alderman for the Years 1900 to 1910 ••••••••• • • 91 '.l'hA.!,,\ t b$san r.'1Y pt:'$lur.d.nary resee.ch upon the M.. stor:y / Of H11w-aukee" s ll:aliam; t I (l;t.seove:::-ed 'tltat 01'~ly OM 'tV'or1\. &..Kl Gted 1reetly 3t.lr"I10Y 7 p~ojG¢tod top1~ . This wac GeorAO L.:l fiaM t s It.aU.c.n,~...1n, l1il~~a. __ ,?'tJi¢Oll1t1n. \~ch. tIle llut'h.or had l;1ritten in 1915 f()t' tho Ancoclatod Ch4rities. Thl:) &\.8in purpose of La Piana' G study \1a3 to tsath~t" a cursory knovledge of MilwaUkee' 0 newest:' i..'Zisrants i!l Qrder to seover Where tl~e Asaoeiatad Charit1oo' funds wore bei.n..~ eisp$tI.sed and how the-y wore: baitl the recipients _ Therefl')~o , for all pract ical purPOS$S, the ar_ Q open for (\ now and t'h~ ~'l1G'" tot'1eal troat.m<!':nt. nut duo to the (W. ,e1011\8 ber of lo1ilwaulteo' s tealS.IUlB 'I'>1ho could n&itb:$t" tead nOr write. th ava11abi11ty of t'esearc tet'ials ,",,,, ted. .No w:-i'tte.n rocords had su.rvived.. I \140 left lnth only unindoxed .pera various '~lated sourc:os" Personal interv1$fS, .rt.th the f~f remain1ng otd timors, proved to be enjoya.ble but of. U. ttl!> ac:holarly value. AG~Y rosaareh proeGodeu, diseOV$red ehat gl:'04teat ,ber of 1 taU. ;mniro:-"nta a.rt:'ived 1. be 910. Also, t diseovered t1'-41t it ua precisely t!urino,) ten-year period that t.."le colony n to rcoo f.1 .'!lR ethnically distinet and ossen.. tial to the community, Th& Milwaukee ItaU.ans. 1n vt(!li' of thesQ reali~ations . c~eneed to exert: economie, pol~t1eal . religious, a "'ocial "~reao Cltyn com .. cunity. i e aeo ightly narrowed to the first decado of :tt\1ry, n oss ot c pLO'tl.l1S my research. I realized that ti'l$ mov Italians into i1ilt-mukeo and their phcli.Omenal accom'Dl1sbrnents estabU..shed an oxact pai;tern ,,111ie11 Italian 1lU111.grant::s were setti~ throughout Atnod.. ca' s other 1.mm1gr4nt cities. F\.U!'ther" mort,. the natura.l cb4racteristics of Mil~;,aukee ' 8 It4U.anG w~re s1milar to all Italiano enteri.ng thG United States. th&se di3COVerioG have r:ivOl\ the work. more of a un1.versal imDortance thc..n it t~OUL(l nave V,"UQ.lo.W.I"I:>"", J?V"OWiU'~"' . A nroduct of this kind, no matter how brief. i6 ndent upon many l',.elpful " critical minds , t f t .. foro i t.,i,t; and Franc::is Pal.!l Pruc'ha" ;hJ •• Cl".a1r.Mn of t>!ar<.lue1:t~ Universityt s Hit$t:o DeDartm<mt An; Dr . Frank L. t institu- tion for their continual assi.stance ~1d oncouragement. 1 should alflo 1!tl,:0 to a¢kno\>~l$dgo tn). wife. Mar hours of rele~tl~es typ inal copy ty. ut above all, w at1.tu to Diractor. Dr. ,3:' iee. valuabl 1nsir.ht fit in part~cu1s.r. local h1st neral. Il".at::le my worl~ not to. to be completed 1'; An enjoya.ble and worth'Wh! experiet'lCo. Hi editi b11it1$S lU'ld erit1eal reapo: 18.Ve. in Iar ..,. It' s- f; i n ,'t fi ... ~ G ~ rt 0 .. 2' :,t, ~ n ~ P'" ... ..... () t;t • ft 0 .... I"t ... Ht ~ ..... 0.... fI> \0 ft :'.;\ ~(!) I.Q rt' ':r O g- Clo g. 'g ,. 0 E- O ..rt :i ~ • 0 • <»"'" n • 0 ..... 9 ..-- "<l .. CFfAPTER I UBI BENE IBI PATRIA It was the age of the "new immigration. " By 1890, Americans had begun to notice that the nature of the European exodus to the United States had radically altered. No longer were northern and western Europe providing the greatest number of immigrants, but rather the majority were now pouring out from the eastern and southern parts of the continent. Between 1890 and 1914. fifteen miilion would flood the quickly aging "New World. " They would mostly emanate from Austria- Hungary, Russia, Greece, Rumania. and Turkey but especially from Italy. By 1896, thi s new immi­ gration had exceeded the old, and Italians were inoreas­ ingly gaining upon all other national groups for the attain­ ment of largest totals from anyone foreign land. The general nature and characteristics of this Italian upsurge in North Atlantic migration merit a thorough examination. During the span of four hundred years from the sailing of Cristoforo Colombo to her first great waves of immigration in 1890. Italy provided the United States of Ameri ca with some of her most notable adventurers, explorers. and scholars. Only to mention Giovanni and Sebastiano Caboto, Amerigo Vespucci. Giovanni Ds Verrazano, Father Eusebio Chino, and Filippo Mazzei is more than enough to 2 substantiate such a proposition. It would certainly appear to be true that:: not only Italian immigration but indeed the / entirety of American history can be summarized by the popular adage, "America was discove.red by a wop and nafIled after another one . ~l It was not, how~ver , until after the days of tinifi~ cation in 1870 that Italians besan to consider seriously the possibilities of crossing the Atlantic en masse. For prior to achieving unity; the Italians found no true national purpose or pride to spur them on in affronting and conquer­ ing the hardships required to place their mark upon the new continent. And before the era of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Gru:ibaldi, the Italian geographical ma.ke- up, a number of small individualistic states. did not allow much opportunity for financially expensive expeditions to the New World. Italians, with their r ecord shattering fecundity. were always somewhat forced to emigrate to foreign lands. Yet. no noticeably significant exodus from Italy occurred before 1870. However, if any migrating did exist, it was lways from intelleceual rather than economic causes. As result. before 1890, much of Italy' s oVerpopulation b'.ELWho Built Amebic,! ' The Saga of tge i94l5} . p . 431. Giovanni Schiavo, I.bg ore the C~vil War (Chicago, 1934~ read 'In its entirety for the e the 3 trickled its way to other parts of Europe.. This reasonably explains the great names and numbers of Italians who , under / foreign flags , contri~ated immensely to the era of explQra­ tions. But tbe ewo main reasons why Italians found fet" economic baseS for a~igratlng prior to 1890 were largely due to their political predicaments. The small principali­ ties , kingdoms , and states Which comprised Italy. by mili­ tary f()rce and authoritarian disCipline, managed to pre- vent their bulging populations, which repeatedly succumbed to starvation. from leavins their native soil. Secondly, it was not to be until the brea1~down of powerful feudal rule \lith the da''il1ing of "Giovano 1talia" that those who had suffered quietly within their tiny Italian communities would suddenly find even the whole of Europe too small for their newly acquired democratic ambitlons. 2 :uch to the expense of the predominantly agricultural South, national unific.ation brought the northern provinces of I taly an age of industrial growth.. In southern ! taly. agriculture had always beart a way of life though often meager and -sometimes a hopeless one. However, due to th rapid sro~th of industry in the North coupled with natural agricultural disasters in the South, t southern 1 talians especially longed for eener pastures in post.. unifled Italy. Moving north very little aided the southern farmer. Lack of education and a southern birthplace Were tvl0 2Arthur James Whyte , The Evo1.ytlon 2~ Mosternltaly (New York, 1959) .
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