GOOD PRACTICE EXCHANGE: Localizing National Climate Change Action Targets Through Implementation of Mitigation Actions 16 March 2016 | Seda Nuvali, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna, Philippines Hosted by: the City Government of Sta. Rosa
DOCUMENTATION REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction • Project Background • Objectives of the Event 2. Opening Remarks • Context setting of the V-LED Project • Climate Dialogue Exchange 3. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) • Updates on the INDC focusing on Solid Waste 4. About Santa Rosa • Santa Rosa: City Profile, Issues, and Vision 5. The Santa Experience • Santa Rosa’s efforts to mitigate 6. Moderated Feedback Session 7. World Café • Knowledge-sharing through a photo gallery of GHG mitigation actions by: Laguna’s Sta. Rosa and San Pedro, and Cavite’s Imus, Silang, and Carmona 8. 5 x 5 x 5 Challenge: Improving Local Climate Change Actions 9. Learning, Challenges and Opportunities for Actions Annex I: Photos Annex II: Post-Activity Evaluation Survey Annex III: Attendance Sheet INTRODUCTION
Project Background Objectives of the GPE
The success of a global response to the climate ① Learn the highlights of Sta. Rosa’s challenge depends on the coordinated effort at process of formulating their GHG multiple levels. Although national climate and Management Plan and setting their green growth strategies and targets may be in climate change baselines and targets to place, very few countries have been able to lower emissions in three years; establish dynamic vertical policy coordination ② Be oriented to the mitigation projects mechanisms between the national and local currently implemented to contribute to levels. It is against this backdrop that UN- the reduction targets; Habitat continues to support the Philippine ③ Learn from other LGUs’ experiences in government’s efforts in responding to local climate change action planning and challenges of climate change. opportunities for mitigation and adaptation action planning; and Starting last quarter of 2015 until 2018, UN- ④ Share insights on how the current Habitat will implement two but interrelated mitigation projects can be enhanced for projects: (i) Vertical integration and learning on replication and sustainability. low emission development (V-LED) with support of the International Climate Initiative Profile of the Participants (IKI)- Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear The event was participated by cities and Safety (BMUB) and in partnership with adelphi municipalities of Region IV’s Cavite and Research GmbH; and (ii) Strengthening Laguna provinces. capacities of national and regional level Province of Cavite Imus, Silang, and Carmona governance to mainstream climate change concerns into national urban-related policies Province of Laguna Sta. Rosa and San Pedro with UNEP and UNESCAP as partners. Both projects are geared toward supporting To ensure a substantive sharing of government in integrating climate change into knowledge, the participants were composed national urban policy and fostering low- of the following: emission development at the national and • City/Municipal Planning and local levels. Development Coordinators • City/Municipal Environment and In the Philippines, local governments are Natural Resources Officer complying with their mandates to formulate • DILG City/municipal local government their comprehensive plans and mainstream operations officer local climate change actions into these • DILG Regional CDP trainer and/or mandated plans. Much is happening at the DRRM focal person local level and this makes it important to further support local efforts on climate policy To help facilitate the exchange of practices, and vertically link them to national programs partner agencies such as USAID and GIZ and policies with climate and sustainable were invited while the NSWMC served as energy strategies and policies integrated into resource agency. the process.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines Opening Remarks and Overview
Bernhard Barth Human Settlements Officer, UN-Habitat Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Mr. Bernhard Barth opened the event by welcoming the
guests and acknowledging Sta. Rosa and adelphi as the event’s host and main partner, respectively. He explained UN-Habitat’s overall work on climate change (CC) and its objectives to support cities, at the same time engage at the city and regional levels, through capacity development, focusing on resilience and adaptation. The
Regional Office started previously with a dedicated CC program in Sorsogon, and is now moving towards Low Emission Development (LED) Strategies. As cities work sectorally, UN-Habitat tries to find good entry points in CC support. In this case, the team looks at solid waste management, correlated financial issues and overall implementation mechanisms in the integration of CC into planning processes. At the National level, focus is on multi-level governance framework, CC policies, and capturing lessons and disseminating them thereof.
In the V-LED project, adelphi is a consortium partner while UN-Habitat is the implementing partner in the region. The project has two main pillars: 1) vertical and horizontal exchange, learning and networking at national and city levels primarily, and 2) cross-country sharing. The Good Practice Exchange (GPE) is one of the components in which mechanisms to strengthen capacities are revealed and determined. Finally, Mr. Barth expressed how glad he is to learn about Sta. Rosa’s good practices and discover other cities’ initiatives as well. According to Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC), the Philippines committed a reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) to 70% in a short timeframe of 15 years. This can only be achieved through local action by local government units (LGUs), communities and individuals.
Marcus Andreas, PhD Project Manager, adelphi gGmbph
Dr. Marcus Andreas oriented participants on adelphi as an organization. adelphi is a German-based company that provides solutions and services for global sustainability through research, consulting and dialogue, with several projects done worldwide for many international institutions, businesses, and organizations. The V-LED project originated from a recently concluded project called Climate Dialogue. It employs many top-down & bottom-up approaches to better learn and understand each other and
foster constructive interaction and coordination to raise awareness, encourage exchange, and anchor climate change adaptation (CCA). The V-LED follows a dialogical approach wherein we bring together actors on all levels in refining policies and action planning. This approach promotes constructive dialogues and applies an user-centered perspective, where all voices are tried to be considered and “key speakers” shift to “key listeners” and vice-versa.
Dr. Andreas finished by underscoring the objectives of the GPE, namely: to learn from Sta. Rosa’s extensive experience in GHG management as well as from other cities’ relevant mitigation efforts, and the group’s insights on implementing sustainable initiatives. He said that he is looking forward to the lessons and the outputs of the event.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines About Sta. Rosa
EnP. Ermin Luceno, MPM City Planning and Development Coordinator
I. Introduction
As presented by Mr. Ermin Luceno, Sta. Rosa City
follows a ‘complete’ vision of “a community with sustainable economic growth focused on industrial and commercial development that allows for maximum employment opportunities, promotes a high quality of life through the provision of basic services and achieves a humane and balanced environment”.
II. City Profile Located in the CALABARZON region, the City has a growth rate of 4.37%, which is higher than that of Manila, the Province of Laguna and even the entire country. Along with its rapid urbanization is the influx of people. This year, Sta. Rosa’s population has reached nearly 300,000—a 62% increase. As for the economic sector, the city has transformed from a food-producing municipality (back in the day when about 96% of the land was for agricultural use) to an industrial one as manufacturing companies started rushing in by the ‘80s. In terms of social activity, Sta. Rosa is the site of 171 subdvisions (with 3 govt. housing projects) and several educational institutions, making them the “University Belt of the South”. Sta. Rosa’s protective services (PNP & BFP) do however remain insufficient.
II. Climate Change Expenditure Tagging (CCET) It is a process for identifying, reporting, and tracking Programs, Activities, and Projects (PAPs) that are responsive to CCA and mitigation, and consequently mainstreaming/institutionalizing CCA in the budget process. In 2015, Sta. Rosa proposed a 7.1% CCET in the AIP but only 2% was approved in the annual budget. In 2016, they’re proposing 12.72%, which is still subject for approval. In the context of climate planning, the city is currently confronted with flooding, urban problems (due to congestion), and lack of data.
III. New Vision As they update their CLUP, Sta. Rosa has formulated a new vision with new thrusts, to wit:
3. 4. Inclusive and 5. Safe and 1. Highly 2. ISO-Certified Entrepreneurial Sustainable Secure Urbanized City City Managed City Development Environment
7. Community 8. IT-BPO 6. Disaster- Empowered / 10. Empowered Center of 9. Smart City Ready Community Barangays Excellence Transformation
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines EFFORTS TO MITIGATE GHG EMISSIONS: CITY OF SANTA ROSA EXPERIENCE
EnP. Erlinda Creencia City Environment and Natural Resources Officer
I. Introduction to GHG Inventory It is the 1st important step towards crafting a more logical LCCAP to do our share in mitigating climate change. “You can only manage what you can measure”, hence, a plan can only be effective with sufficient data.
In developing the inventory, 2010 was used as the base year, since there were no disasters on that year. Sta. Rosa’s 1st GHG inventory was developed in 2011 and frequency of reporting is every calendar year. 6 types of GHGs were included in the inventory: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrogen trifluoride, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons. Every GHG hs a corresponding Global Warming Potential (GWP) which is determined by converting GHGs into its CO2 equivalent. For instance, methane has a GWP of 21, which means it’s 21 times higher than CO2. Emissions are computed per sector.
NAME SYMBOL GWP GHG accounting follows the Geographic Plus Approach which uses different scopes: Scope 1 for CARBON DIOXIDE CO2 1 in-boundary, direct GHG emissions from natural gas METHANE CH4 21 & vehicle fuel combustion; Scope 2 are indirect emissions from purchased electricity; and Scope 3 for NITROGEN NF3 17200 all other indirect and cross-boundary emissions. TRIFLOURIDE NITROUS OXIDE N20 310 To compute for GHG emissions, the equation is: (Activity Data x Emission Factor = GHG Emissions). HYDROFLUOROC HFCs 140- All materials have corresponding emission factors as ARBONS 11700 set by, IPCC guidelines. What is harder to compute is PERFLOUROCARB PFCs 6500- the activity data as it requires a lot of measurement ONS 9200 conversions from kilogram to tons, liters to tons, etc. SULFUR SF6 II.HEXAFLOURIDE GHG Management Framework Plan and Target Setting
The GHG Framework Plan is currently being mainstreamed into the new CLUP & CDP. It will serve as reference for the LGU and guide for other stakeholders on how to do their share in terms of reducing emissions. Sta. Rosa envisions a low-carbon community in the future. Prior to the inventory, the LGU has already set reduction goals and targets, and computed in different scenarios juxtapose and computed the resulting emissions of different initiatives in different scenarios. For instance, the conversion of fluorescent lights to LED in 20 city govt. offices is projected to a 0.3% reduction in a 3-yr. period.
III. GHG Mitigation Measures
With the increase in activities, population, and waste generation, Sta. Rosa set-up two major mitigating projects: Centralized Composting and Charcoal Briquetting facilities. Computations revealed that with the waste to bio treatment of 6,097 (2010) and 75,160 (2015) metric tons of waste, over 12,012.44 tCO2e of GHG emissions were reduced. It goes to show how GHG inventory helps evaluate the success of climate change projects.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines EFFORTS TO MITIGATE GHG EMISSIONS: CITY OF SANTA ROSA EXPERIENCE
7 Main Sources of Emissions, Jan.- Dec. 2010 Other initiatives include the ff: • Solar street lighting – 77 units resulted to 1. INDUSTRY 5% 2% 0% 1% 0.028 tCO2e GhG emissions avoided 6% • Urban greening – one tree can sequester 8 2. ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION tCO2 per year. It depends on the age and 3. ROAD species. The mangrove is the best. TRANSPORTATION 54% Unfortunately, you can’t put them in urban 32% 4. SOLID WASTE areas. 5. WASTEWATER • Regulated plastic use 6. AGRICULTURE • “Basuranihan” (Basura at Bayanihan) – every last Friday of every month, the LGU collects 7. STATIONARY Emissions, tCO2e = 2,006,151.80 and buys recyclables handed in by residents. ENERGY • Integrated Water Resources Management Program – climate impacts are trans-boundary, therefore it necessitates the participation of neighborng LGUs. Inter-local cooperation in responding to climate change would mean more contributions. The program follows an eco-system-based approach and is a joint effort of four LGUs, chaired by ILDA and supported by Japan; it aims too create one plan to respond to Climate Change.
IV. Lessons Learned
The GHG inventory is critical in the formulation of the GHG Management Plan and LCCAP. Without indicators, how can you manage? All LGUs need support from national agencies and the private sector in terms of data collection. Not all data are readily available in the city govt. For example, in order to monitor fuel, we have to partner with gas companies. What’s important is the quality of data we are getting from other sources. External support is also needed in implementing LCCAP, which is now required by DBM in the release of funds.
V. Challenges
Not all LGUs have environment officers and is neither a mandatory position. Some LGUs don’t even create positions for environmental offices. How then can you institutionalize climate change within government? This is a challenge, considering that preparation of the GHG inventory and data maintenance, among others, requires technical staff. Capacity development is also very important, so are data collection and management, and annual reporting of emissions. A database management system will also help evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation activities but without resources, technical staff, and funding, it remains as another challenge.
VI. Closing
Ms. Creencia shared that as much they want to be a carbon neutral community, they don't have much forest cover since they’re mainly industrial. GHG emissions are easily offset by trees. In her closing statement, she thanked the participants and urged LGUs to formulate well their LCCAP and share in the mitigation of GHG emissions and climate change.
Mr. Cris Rollo commended Sta. Rosa for explaining the challenging process. He asked how long it took for Sta. Rosa to conduct it and how much it cost, considering that GHG inventory isn’t so established in the country. Ms. Creencia said that they’re one of the fortunate LGUs supported by a USAID project in the preparation of the inventory. The LGU only contributed costs in terms of time, staff, and hosting. The mentors were funded by C- Energy. It took one to two years and started with a simpler entity level inventory. From there, Sta. Rosa learned the mechanics and how to compute. Then they proceeded to the community level. She mentioned that most of the LGUs assisted by USAID were also part of PLENRO and so, encouraged others to seek assistance from foreign donors.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (INDC)
Ma. Delia Valdez Senior Environmental Management Specialist, DENR-EMB
I. Introduction
Ms. Valdez first clarified that she is actually from the Solid Waste
Management Division of DENR’s Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). The National Solid Waste Management Council (NSWMC) is actually composed of 17 member agencies, with DENR as the secretariat of the group.
II. Background
As a backgrounder, E.O. 174 is the law that institutionalizes the GHG inventory and management. DENR is the lead agency for industry, waste and forestry. DENR-EMB has been submitting GHG inventory reports done by consultants to the UNFCCC. In the next years, it will be written by NGAs and data will be gathered from LGUs. DENR.
III. What is INDC?
The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions identifies the actions a national government intends to take under the UNFCCC climate deal agreed in Paris in December 2015. The Paris agreement has not been will be legally binding once the document is ratified, so the INDC is still a work in progress. Recomputations are still being done in the Solid Waste sector to attain what was committed in the Paris agreement.
For the base year 2010, emissions in the Philippines amount to 83 million tons of CO2e. If actions are business as usual, it’s projected to increase to 221 million. But if the country achieves a 70% emissions reduction, 66 million tons CO2e will be reduced. The Philippines’ commitment is classified as “conditional”, which means we can only commit if there’s support in terms of finance, capacity building or technology transfer.
Timeline The Paris Agreement of 2015
IV. Solid Waste Mitigation Options
The following options being discussed in the SW sector and identifed in studies made with assistance of the CCC are actually to be done by LGUs.
1) Aerobic Composting – composting of solid waste with air; can range from small to large scale; currently being practiced in Carmona and Santa Rosa. GHG reduction is measured by the amount of waste digested.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (INDC)
2. Anaerobic Composting – anaerobic digestion with methane recovery 3. Eco-efficient landfill cover – combination of compost and soil. The bacteria from the compost eats up the methane produced in the dumps DENR Dept. Admin. Order No. 9-2006 provides guidelines on the closure of open dumps. The department is open to the use of eco-efficient soil cover on small & medium-sized dumpsites. For large dumpsites, there are thickness orequirements of soil cover for waste & dump. Denr is studying to amend the said order. The problem with small dumpsites is they cannot effectively use landfill gas fro ocmposting as methane could’ve already dissipate in such conditions. A study by GIZ in Ormoc city tested the Eco-efficient Landfill Cover and revealed the following: • Methane has different concentrations in different areas of the dump • Methane is not emitted immediately upon dumping. Rather, it is emitted throughout the years. • Study concludes that Eco-efficient Landfill Cover is effective in closing open and controlled dumps. • It’s also less costly rather than the specified 60 cm of thick soil to cover dumpsites. 4. Landfill gas flaring – Not all dumpsites have the capacity to recover methane for power generation. There are instances when disposal facilities have to utilize flaring of methane to convert to CO2 for cost efficiency. 5. Control of open burning – includes increased collection coverage and frequency, IEC against OB, etc.
VI. Other Options 1. Optimization of waste collection vehicle and routing schemes 2. Segregation of recyclables – for MRF and susbequent recycling; MRF may not contribute anything to GHG reduction, but recycling will. 3. Methane treatment and utilization: Electricity generation at biggest facilities – Methane emitted at waste disposal sitesare converted into energy 4. Leachate collection and treatment at disposal sites: Recirculation, aerobic or anaerobic treatment with methane recovery – many of which are Caegory 2 and 3 landfills 5. Co-processing of pre-segregated MSW as alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in cement kilns – converting residual wastes to cement kilns as fuel. This may not be attributed to the waste sector, rather to the industry sector. 6. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) conversion of residual wastes – yet to be evaluated in terms of contribution to GHG emission reduction but was nevertheless identified as an option
VII. Way Forward After the Paris Agreement, EMB is now re-calculating their figures and is yet to determine how much reduction is to be done by which sector. For the waste sector, there are a lot of computations and re- calculations but the agency is still not prepared with the final figures, especially that the sector is divided into two: water and solid wastes. Ratification will follow after the internal review & assesment. By 2020 will be the international review, then it’s legally binding.
Finally, Ms. Valdez said they are revisiting and reconstructing commitments and strengthening the government’s capability in the MRV to be able to identify GHG reductions attributed to different sectors. The INDCs will be updated in the next 5 years. By then, the country’s MRV will be hopefully robust.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines Voltaire Acosta (GIZ): What is the role of co- Merlina Cabrera (Silang): What is the area size & benefits in all of these? volume of waste when it comes to small and medium open dumps? Valdez: We have partners to help with cost- benefit analysis so that we can determine which Delia Valdez (NSWMC): That is currently being option would be costly and beneficial not only in studied. We have yet to assess since we have waste management but in other sectors as well. review the policy and issue another policy to come up with a sound basis. Ricardo Marfiga, Jr. (ICLEI): It appears that LGUs have no definite roles in contributing to the national agenda. Per Sec. de Guzman of the Climate Change Commission, the 70% reduction Ermin Lucino (Sta. Rosa): LGUs should do the should be finalized this May. If there are no inventory, otherwise, they cannot set targets and amendments, the figure will be final. contribute to the national climate action goals.
While there are no sectoral targets, LGUs in the Valdez: For the waste sector, you’re already meantime can come up with GHG data. doing it regularly at the local level: composting,
utilizing waste disposal facility, closing open and Rolando Abad Jr. (DENR-EMB): It shouldn’t just control dumps. Another added activity is just to stop in GHG inventories per LGU. Our measure how much GHG is reduced by such commitment is to reduce waste as embedded in activities. It is not something new. We’ve been the law. Regarding computation, GHG inventory practicing this for several years. It’s just a matter can be done sectorally and data can be forwarded of measuring and verifying it. to EMB for processing.
Corazon del Mundo (Imus): I disagree because Cris Rollo (UN-Habitat): INDC is a national target it’s a NATIONALLY determined contribution, and but the components are local. Is there local as such, it must come from the local. Hence, LGUs information that informs national submission and are crucial here. If we give you fake data, your vice versa? Also, do we have a target date for the INDC data will be fictitious. So it’s important that ratification? LGUs provide the correct statistics.
Valdez: Right now, the EMB is developing their Priscella Mejillano (UN-Habitat): This is related capacities to translate data from LGUs to the to the comment earlier. If we look at 70% national government so we can have a robust reduction nationally, from the LGU perspective, it data. We have the 2010 base year and 2nd can look like a disaggregation of LGUs. National Contributions, which are all Considering 1,400 LGUs, which among the 5 assumptions; some come from a specific solid sectors can I contribute to? We have to clarify if waste facility. If institutionalized already and we there is disaggregation. In terms of timing, local have the resources, we can have accurate data plans will be updated following the elections. from the MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and That can be an entry point for DENR and other Verification). It is a work in progress, and may be concerned agencies on how data will be matched realized in the next few years but not next year. and incorporated into the new plans.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines Bernhard Barth (UN-Habitat): In the context o Erlina Creencia (Sta. Rosa): Within our city, we moving forward for LGUs, what needs to be done still account for emissions of solid waste disposed in unlocking the hurdles? Also, how strongly do in our out-of-town sanitary landfill. Perhaps this LGUs engage in the reduction of waste, beyond can fall under Scope 3. those mentioned in the Paris Agreement? Abad (DENR-EMB): There are different Josephine Tioseco (USAID): Just an input on the methodologies for national/sectoral and LGU different tracks we are taking in GHG inventory: 1) inventories. At the national level, we do not use National – includes sectoral inventories and follows the said scopes. For solid waste generated here but a more structured formal inventory consistent with exported and recycled outside the Philippines, UNFCC UNFCC guidelines; 2) Subnational - V-LED GHG reduction will be attributed to the receiving falls under this track; and 3) Private Sector. CCC country. With regards to the INDC ratification, I with the help of USAID is developing a framework think it can be ratified by 2020. It doesn’t say on GHG reporting and management including an though that it will be legally binding by 2016, as online registry for the private sector. All tracks the it needs to be updated and further should complement each other but in terms of consultation with more stakeholders will be protocol reporting obligations, it’s only at the required to strengthen INDC targets. national level. LGUs are not tied to the formal structured inventory; that’d be bloody. There’s a Questions regarding the AVP on Charcoal lot of data required. The focus for LGUs is on Briquetting and Composting Facility, two mitigation mitigation and developing the GHG Management projects identified in Sta. Rosa City In their GHG Plan, not so much in the rigid inventory work. Framework:
Cindy Bryson (UN-Habitat): If recycling is not Doris Sageres (Imus): There’s smoke produced in included in inventories under waste management charcoal briquetting. Isn’t that GHG emission? and much of the recycling recovery activities are at the local level, how are they calculated? If the Creencia: In actual operations not seen on the recycling stays in the Philippines, then the video, we usually use a bamboo apparatus to reduction in emissions is counted here. But is the condenses smoke into liquid that can be used as recycling shipped overseas? How do we encourage pesticide/deodorizer. recycling when the focus is shifting towards GHG reduction? Elenor de Leon (Imus): Does the smoke contain lesser CO2? And do you consider the safety of the Valdez: There are recycling facilities in the workers? In the video footage, they’re not wearing Philippines right now, although some waste are masks. pre-processed here and then exported somewhere else. This is one of the several cross-sectoral Creencia: Charcoal produces a blue flame with matters we’re trying to iron out with other sectors lesser burning efficiency. Workers are provided to prevent double counting. To encourage masks but they often remove it. They’re also given recycling, facilities are located in urban areas. The yearly vaccines. NSWMC is currently conducting an urban recycling market development study targeted this year, the results of which will be provided to stakeholders. It is a work in progress.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines Moderated Feedback Session
1. What needs to be done to unlock the challenges in compliance to RA 9003 or SWM? How strongly are LGUs engaged in waste reduction?
2. Are there projects presented by Sta. Rosa applicable to your LGUs? What are the areas you can enhance if you implement in your locality?
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines ① ADDRESSING CHALLENGES IN SWM
o Institutionalization of ENRO o Provide budget/funding o Capacity building o Brgy. Clustering for Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) with proper monitoring mechanism o Massive and continuous IEC esp. at the community level “Most LGUs don’t have a specific officer in- charge for environmental management, o Good planning: 2016-2025 SWM Plan particularly in solid waste management. o Theme supported by city visions And even when LGUs do decide to get an ENRO, they don't have the budget to implement, primarily because funds are focused on health, livelihood, & disaster mgt. Also, ENROs lack the capacity and necessary knowledge, unless they’ve done trainings.” – Mr. Chris Barlam of Carmona City for Group 1
② AREAS FOR ENHANCEMENT IN THE REPLICATION OF GHG MITIGATION PROJECTS IN STA. ROSA o Health & safety measures of workers in the facilities o Contained burning o Political will “Good planning should have a roadmap. That’s • Commitment of LGU officials to enforce why the SWM plan should be well formulated and aligned with the city visions.” – Mr. Ermin Lucino national law & local ordinances of Sta. Rosa for Group 2 • Enforcement of ordinance for household level solid waste segregation & segregated collection • Prioritize environmental programs/projects • Prov’l LGU steering the process for ILC o Human resource development and institutionalization • Capacity development training of technical staff, municipal/city legislators and LCEs on understanding & implementing RA 9003 • Creation of plantilla positions for MENRO o Active people’s participation o Operationalize central MRF & Brgy. MRFs “Briquetting can be enhanced in terms of o Experience exchange, learning hub, and health & safety measures for workers. There demonstration sites to encourage replication may be alternatives to burning materials o Alternative financing from NGA, private sector, too.” – Ms. Merlina Cabrera of the Municipality of NGO, community, inter-local cooperation Silang for Group 3
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines In a modified World Café, the participants toured a photo gallery featuring various GHG mitigation efforts of various LGUs. Representatives were tasked to discuss the following:
1) Initiatives aimed at solid waste management and methane reduction 2) Challenges in implementation 3) LGU perspectives on the ways national government can better support LGUs in the replication and adaptation of good practices on LED and mainstreaming the plan
Quick Q&A portion ensued after every presentation.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines CITY OF IMUS, CAVITE
Presenter: Ms. Doris Sageres
Initiatives: • Brgy. Clustering – Imus has 97 barangays which are grouped into 9 clusters • Centralized Composting Facility – built on a 2,300 sq. m. lot catering to 16 barangays (1 cluster) and two public markets. It accumulates 6 tons of biodegradables/day. The city targets to build 8 cluster composting facilities. • Imus Technology of Plastic Residual Waste – collection of plastic residuals (tetra paks, sando bags, etc.) that are converted to “ecological waste” in which they are ground into components. 20% plastic are combined with cement and sand. • Recycling Livelihood Technology –Tetra paks are recycled into bags, wallets, and other accessories. • Charcoal Briquetting – to be funded by DTI as a BuB Project. Ongoing canvassing of, the right equipment for the facility.
Challenges: • Attitude – People still fail to practice segregation at source. Some barangays refuse to accommodate biodegradable waste in their area.
Question & Answer: Q: Where do you market your composts? A: Composts are given for free to farmers and public schools. We’re also working out on marketing it to offset the costs. The new composting facility we’re planning to purchase has 1-day composting capacity but is worth 1.8 million.
Q: What is the advantage of clustering barangays for composting facility as opposed to barangays having their own? A: There are barangays without a viable location for it so we maximized what’s available.
Q: How many persons does it take to operate the facility? A: Currently, we have 15 composting staff and 10 for the plastic residual waste.
Q: What safety measures you apply in your area? A: Aprons, masks, gloves, and boots are provided, although admittedly, the staff don’t wear them at all times as it can be restrictive. However, the facility is kept sanitized and deodorized through a built-in technology patterned after technology.
Q: Since you have a plastic waste technology, do you have an ordinance against plastic use? A: We have a regulatory ordinance on the use of plastics but we’re not banning it.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines CITY OF CARMONA, CAVITE
Presenter: Mr. Chris Barlam
Quick Facts: • Carmona Sanitary Landfill used to be owned and operated by the Metro Manila Dev’t Authority (MMDA). When it was closed, MENRO was created which paved way to eco projects.
Initiatives: • Carmona Ecology Center – center for all waste management programs • Centralized materials recovery and composting facilities • Eco-livelihood Center – recycle tetra paks into various products; partnered with Beachwalk (flip-flop sandals company) to convert their wastes into bean bags, etc. • Transfer Station – small dump trucks collect residual wastes from households to the Carmona Ecology Center then transfer it to bigger dump trucks that will transport it to the sanitary landfill. This process minimizes fuel consumption. • “Basura Palit Gamit, Atbp.” – a recycling project where trash is exchanged for basic commodities like rice, cooking oil, sugar, coffee, and even school supplies. • 500 kg. bioreactor • “Ako Basurero” IEC Campaign • Selective Plastic Ban
Challenges: • Manpower - for operations of facilities. Not all barangays have MRFs so the LGU resorted to clustering. Schools & subdivisions have small dog-cage-like MRFs for recyclables. To date, Carmona has 29 functional MRFs all in all. Food wastes and yard trimmings are also collected for regular composting.
Question & Answer: Q: Since you have IEC in schools, have you proposed integrating SWM or CC into the curriculum? A: We had initial talks with local schools to integrate CC and DRR but it is subject to DepEd’s approval. For now, we can only conduct IEC campaigns. We’re targeting school children as they are more receptive than older citizens who usually don’t observe SWM.
Q: How’s the monitoring? Do you have data on the amount of waste you compost? A: Yes, we monitor and forward the data to DENR and NSWMC.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines MUNICIPALITY OF SILANG, CAVITE
Presenter: Ms. Merlina Cabrera Initiatives: • Growing of Ornamental Plants – due to high farm inputs, coffee plantations have already been converted to ornamental and pineapple plantations • Vegetable Production – for low-income farmers • Multi-story Cropping System – 4 to 7 kinds of crops per hectare to maximize Silang’s fertile land • Coco Matting – installed along river banks as a CCA measure and in part of the Supreme Court’s mandate to clean up Manila Bay; local livelihood source • River Dredging and Clean-up
Challenges: • Social acceptability – farmers want “easy money” so most prefer selling their land to large firm, resulting to land consolidation by multinational corporation; garbage dumping on coco mats • Land conversion – “biggest problem” of Silang
CITY OF SAN PEDRO, LAGUNA
Presenter: Ms. Yula Viriña Initiatives: • Recycling Activities – eco-bag made of water hyacinth & foil; used tires & PET bottles for urban gardening • Pilotage sanitary landfill • Segregated collection at source • Pilotage/City MRF • Enforcement of policies: ban of plastic & styrofoam use, smoking in public places, littering, improper waste disposal, open burning, etc. • IEC • Clean-up and tree-planting activities
Question & Answer: Q: Where do the collected materials from the MRF go? A: Since MRFs are privately owned, there’s a system wherein waste segregators purchase reusables and recyclables which LGUs pay per cubic meter or truckload.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines CITY OF STA. ROSA, LAGUNA
Presenter: Ms. Erlinda Creencia
Initiatives *additional details to the morning presentation:
• Environmental Code – passed in 2011; includes provisions on SWM, regulated use of plastics, and the total ban of styrofoam • LED – promotion of use of alternative energy source • Charcoal Briquetting • “Ayoko ng Plastic” Campaign • Green Book - open to all Sta. Rosa stakeholder; Every July 10 is Sta. Rosa Environment Day, wherein the top 3 partners/stakeholders are awarded/incentivized • Land Developer’s Guidebook – crucial tool as flooding is a major issue in Sta. Rosa • Centralized Composting Facility – for kitchen wastes and biodegradables
Challenges:
• Political will – In several cases, non-compliance to RA 9003 isn’t the Mayor’s fault but the barangays’. The National govt. can impose a “3-strike policy” on non-compliant barangays
Question & Answer:
Q: Do you still see the value of national govt. giving sanctions on LGUs for non-compliance? A: In our Environmental Code, there are penalties. We have yet to penalize violators yet because we still don’t have Implementing Rules & Regulations.
Q: What drove you to come up with the Land Developer’s Guidebook? A: It went through a process and approved by the Sanggunian. Sta. Rosa is a catchment area so we have no control of the surface run-off. Although we have a drainage plan, most properties are privately owned so we want new developers to help control the run-off among others and be guided accordingly.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines THE x x
CHALLENGE
Improving local climate change actions in 5 themes, 5 components, and 5 solutions
In the form of a special challenge, the participants of the GPE were asked to develop recommendations for action to strengthen the Philippine local climate planning system. They therefore discussed fields for actions to improve local climate action planning, comprisedof ‘Priorities’, ‘Tools and Training’, ‘Coordination and Communication’, ‘Implementation’ and ‘Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation ’.
The outcome of the workshop was a long list with recommendations for action, whereas the experts from different fields evaluated the following four actions as the most important to improve the Philippine local climate planning system:
1. Development of a monitoring, reporting and evaluation system on local level, including planning tools established by the national level (DILG, CCC), in close consultation with the local government units (LGUs); 2. Conduct of GHG inventories by the local government units; 3. Capacity building to be initiated by national agencies (HLURB, DENR, DILG) to local government units on climate action planning?); and 4. Strengthening LGU cluster approach for cohesive climate change action planning among LGUs sharing the same ecosystem.
The commitment across the range of actors and the richness of ideas that were generated during the workshop certainly showed promise to strengthen the Philippine local climate action planning system and to move a few steps forward in combating climate change.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES ACTIONS BY RATE PRIORITIES 1. Mainstreaming 1. Access to Capacity Development HLURB, DENR, 1 of INDC/CCA People’s DILG targets into Survival Fund Sourcing of funds in nat’l LGU 2 CLUP & CDP (PSF) & int’l levels, private 2. Enforcement 2. Incentives sectors 3. Political will from the Deputation, LGU – CENRO, 3 4. Social National Govt. Policy support LCE, SP, DRRMO acceptability 3. Additional 5. Funding employment Behavior change, CENRO, 4 6. Implementatio opportunities communication, project CDRRMO, ABC n at grassroots information campaign level TOOLS & 1. Insufficient Interest of Completion of MPDC 1 TRAINING data on CCA investors who can Community-based (GHG bring in additional Monitoring System emissions, CC resources/income LCCAP M/CENRO, 2 projections) to support LGU M/CDRRM, 2. Absence of programs/projects M/CPDC personnel to Conduct GHG inventory M/CENRO, 3 focus on the M/CDRRM, CCA M/CPDC Replicate & enhance Sta. SB/SP 4 Rosa’s Development Guidelines Creation of M/CENRO SB/SP 5 COORDINATION & 1. Lack of 1. Sharing of Institutionalization of NG/Congress 1 COMMUNICATION standards/proto knowledge/best focal persons col on CCA practices PPAs through Harmonizing LGU DILG, LGUs 2 2. Lack of focal forum/trainings, efforts/PPAs through person/group etc. clustered planning 3. Lack of data 2. PSF for Development of NG 3 available funding/dev’t innovative IEC e.g. social partners marketing Establishment of regular NG, DILG, CCC 4 meetings e.g. monthly, quarterly, etc. IMPLEMENTATION 1. Change of 1. PSF access Involve all stakeholders: LGU 1 administration 2. Mainstreaming barangays, CSOs, and (not prioritized DRR/CCA into private sectors by the new LDP Creation & appropriation LSF 2 LCE) 3. Mitigate/adapt of technical person 2. Funding to disaster 3. Technical risks Apply the LCCAP to LGU 3 manpower 4. International the PSF 4. Political will funding/project s MONITORING, 1. No LCCAP or 1. New CLUP Develop the MRE system, National (DILG, CCC), REPORTING, & climate-proofed Guidelines including tools in close consultation EVALUATION CLUP/CDP 2. Existing LGA with LGUs 2. No established modules Provide resources, capacity National, local, monitoring 3. Presence of 2 building, finance, & human congress, dev’t systems/tools development resources partners 3. LGU technical partners e.g. capacity ICLEI, UN- Revisit and update LGU with TA from 3 4. Lack of CCA Habitat, USAID CLUP/CDP guidelines; HLURB/DILG data and data leaders, GIZ, Ensure they are harmonized providers etc. Enhance networking, peer- DILG-LGRC (virtual), 4 to-peer exchange, learning development hubs partners, PPPDC/Envi/Agri Officers concerned THE 5 X 5 X 5 CHALLENGE: KEY POINTS
Priorities Tools & Trainings Coordination & “One of the challenges in “In order to execute Communication mainstreaming CCA into projects, LGUs need “One way of enhancing the CLUP and CDP is baseline data. Also, the IECs is to invite CSOs and distinguishing CCA from replication and other stakeholders to guide DRR projects. They’re enhancement of Sta. them on PPAs for their usually mixed-up. That is Rosa’s Development sectors. Regular meetings why there is a need for Guidelines provides an are needed to monitor and capacity development on opportunity to draw and ensure compliance with how to mainstream CCA establish good relations agreements and into these plans.” with investors.” commitments.”
Monitoring, Implementation Reporting, & “Local govt. units Evaluation play a key role in “In the updating of the effective the CLUP & CDP, accomplishment of guidelines from way all climate change back 2013 until the actions. A change present must be of administration reviewed to will impact political harmonize which is critical to approaches. There the are too many plans, implementation of knocking out each initiatives.” other.”
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines Learning, Challenges, and Opportunities for Action
| Post-activity Evaluation Results |
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines What have you learned?
Learning
Local Initiatives / LGU Practices Participants drew a lot from the local initiatives shared by LGUs, and saw them in the context of climate actions, on top of plainly being sectoral action. Best practices on SWM, CCA, and CCM were well noted for potential replication in their own area. Many gained a lot of pointers from the host LGU Sta. Rosa and particularly highlighted Land Development Management Guidebook as an effective tool in CCA and CCM.
Awareness and Appreciation towards good practices on SWM The activity helped illustrate SWM in the context of CCM. It also raised more awareness on RA 9003 and the importance of enforcing local policies in GHG mitigation. the reportedly “interesting” ways other LGUs have enforced it at the local level. Others have also learned from the experiences of LGUs in enhancing their composting facilities to better mitigate GHG emissions.
GHG, Inventory, and GHG Reduction Sta. Rosa’s presentation on the GHG Inventory and Management Plan oriented participants to the process and more importantly its impacts and significance in CCA. They were able to validate the need to obtain ample data to conduct GHG inventory, which will be critical in the development of a GHG management plan. Furthermore, LGUs believed that GHG emissions can be measured at the local level given the support in terms of tools and resources from external partners.
Challenges
A common theme raised by participants when it came to challenges was the institutional gap: the lack of ENROs and/or focal persons and effective set-ups both at the national and local level to effectively enforce policies. There were also concerns as to the right strategies to apply in conducting GHG inventory and sustaining the process in one’s area. It may be challenging to replicate projects as though they may seem similar, they may vary in the actual implementation. Another major issue is the need for sufficient data to properly formulate the LCCAP. Lastly, LGUs are challenged as to how they can significantly contribute to national targets at the local level.
Opportunities for Actions
Participants expressed a resounding call for collective action to mitigate climate change through GHG reduction. Everybody has to be “serious” in their commitment to contribute to the local mitigating initiatives and work together. Moreover, LGUs must always be aligned and vertically linked with national and regional levels especially with regards to environmental initiatives and projects for better implementation and impact. The event underscored an opportunity for LGUs to strengthen their formulation of LCCAP by way of conducting GHG inventory, which is basically founded on a good database.
Detailed Post Evaluation Report is attached to this report.
V-LED Good Practice Exchange | 16 March 16 2016, Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines