Chapter 4. Analysis of Future Population and Land Use in the Study Area
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Chapter 4. Analysis of Future Population and Land Use in the Study Area 4.1 Current Land Use Plan Each of the cities/municipalities in the Study Area has prepared a comprehensive land use plan (hereinafter referred to as CLUP) for its jurisdiction. These CLUPs were combined and integrated into one map in the Study as shown in Fig. 4.1 and Table 4.1. The land uses projected in the CLUPs are further summarized in the table below. Table R 4.1 Existing and Future Land Use Projected by City/Municipality in the Study Area Present (As of 2003) Future (Projected by City/Municipality) Land Use Area (ha) Share Area (ha) Share Residential 8,420 20.7% 6,294 15.4% Industrial 914 2.2% 1,883 4.6% Institutional 208 0.5% 64 0.2% Built-up Area Commercial 422 1.0% 1,395 3.4% Built-up/Mix Use 57 0.1% 16,926 41.5% Sub-total 10,021 24.6% 26,561 65.2% Agricultural 19,037 46.7% 12,861 31.6% Grassland/Open Area 6,278 15.4% 1,004 2.5% Tree Plantation 4,484 11.0% 249 0.6% Non-Built-up Area Water Bodies 903 2.2% 68 0.2% Unclassified 21 0.1% 1 0.0% Sub-total 30,722 75.4% 14,182 34.8% Total 40,743 100.0% 40,743 100.0% As shown above, the present built-up area covers 24.6% of the entire Study Area, but it was projected to remarkably increase to 65.2%. Such dynamic increment of the built-up area is attributed to reduction of the farmland, which includes agricultural land (46.7% to 31.6%), the grassland/open area (15.4% to 2.5%) and tree plantation (11% to 0.6%). The Housing and Land Regulatory Board (HLURB) has, however, imposed a certain restriction on conversion of the farmland through the Regulation of Land Conversion, MC No. 54 (1993). According to the regulation, the extent of farmland that could be converted to built-up area is estimated at 9,212ha, while the cities/municipalities had projected that the built-up area will expand by 16,540 ha, i.e., the present built-up area of 10,021 ha will expand to 26,561 ha. Moreover, the built-up area of 26,561 ha projected by the cities/municipalities could accommodate the population of about 3.5 million, assuming that the standard built-up area is 75m2/per person (details of a standard residential area are given in Section 4.3). However, the existing population in the Study Area is only 1.1 million. Thus, the built up area in the CLUPs widely exceeds the area of convertible farmland and contains a very high expectation on the increase of future population. From these points of view, the term “Built-Up Area” in the CLUP is deemed to be unrealistic. The CLUP also projects a large increment of mix land use (0.1% at present to 41.5% in the future). Development of mix land use is urged in Resolution No. 105, Province of Cavite, Office of Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Trece Martires City, March 25, 1988, and its addendum, dated April 8, 1988. The resolution includes the following items: • The tracts of land in Imus and a part of Dasmariñas (along the Aguinaldo Highway) are declared as industrial-residential-institutional mix. • The tracts of land in Carmona, Silang, Dasmariñas, Gen. Trias, Trece Martires City, Tanza and Naic extending 2 km, more or less, from each side of the road (Governor’s Drive) are declared as industrial-residential-institutional mix. • The tracts of land in Rosario including the Cavite Export Processing Zone and the Philippine National Oil Company are declared as industrial-residential-institutional mix. 4-1 The resolution had already expired and the responsibility on the land use plan has been transferred to each city/municipality under EO No. 72 (1993). The policy on the development of mix land use is, however, still valid in the recent CLUP, but the development of mix land use is deemed to contain the following potential problems: • Efficient public investment will hardly take place. • The existing farmlands would be fragmented, leading to the difficulty in developing large-scale subdivisions in the remaining farmlands and, at the same time, the difficulty in effectively using the farmland and in attaining high agricultural production. • The natural landscape would be marred. • Serious traffic congestion would occur. 4.2 Population Projection The CLUPs were reviewed and certain revisions were made in the Study through the following steps: (1) population projection; (2) estimation of population distribution and the required built-up area; and (3) estimation of spatial distribution of the built-up area. The first step, population projection for the Study Area, is as discussed below. 4.2.1 Population Projection in Past Studies Population projections for the Study Area have been made by several agencies, as described below. (1) Population Projection by the National Statistics Office (NSO) The NSO had made a nationwide population projection by province and by sex until 2040 based on the census in 2000. The projection assumed the following conditions: • Birthrate: The total fertility rate would reduce year by year and drop from 3.20 at present to 2.26 in 2015 to 2020. • Death rate: The average life expectancy would increase from 64.93 to 70.13 years for men and 73.18 to 77.18 years for women. • Net migration rate: Cavite Province is assumed to have the highest incremental rate of migration from other provinces. The population projection was made in three cases, high, medium and low migration rates, and both projection method and assumptions for population projection were evaluated to be appropriate and persuasive. (2) Population Projection in Cavite Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) The Provincial Government of Cavite had assumed that the annual average population growth rate of 5.45% recorded in 1995 to 2000 would continue until 2020. The population growth rate was further assumed to be same in all cities and municipalities. This population projection takes far higher future populations than those in other population projections. However, the recorded remarkable high population growth in the recent five or ten years in Cavite Province could be attributed to the rapid urbanization, and it could be hardly verified that such high population growth would continue for more than 20 years from on the present. (3) Population Projection by Each City/Municipality The cities/municipalities in the Study Area had assumed, in principle, that the trend of population growth in the recent 10 years would continue in the future, although different target years were applied. As the result, all cities/municipalities had projected a remarkably high future population growth. The annual population growth projected by the municipalities of Dasmariñas and Bacoor were 13.96% and 9.03%, or 2.2 and 3.2 times the present population respectively. The future populations projected by each city/municipality are the highest among all relevant projection figures. 4-2 (4) Population Projection in the Past Studies (JICA CALA Study, JICA Busway Study and UN Water Supply Project) The JICA CALA Study had estimated the future population for Cavite and Laguna provinces until 2030. The estimation was based on the assumption that the annual average population growth rate for 2000-2005 would be the same as the rate recorded in 1995-2000, while the growth rate after 2006 would drop below the recorded rate (refer to the “Feasibility Study and Implementation Support on the Cala East-West National Road Project” December 2006). This assumption is deemed to be rather realistic and persuasive. The JICA Busway Study had applied a similar assumption of population growth to that of JICA CALA Study and estimated the future population to be slightly higher than that of the JICA CALA Study. The future population projected by the UN Water Supply Project was the lowest among the results of relevant projections. 4.2.2 Population Projection in the Study The population projection for the Study Area was made by referring to the results of the aforesaid past relevant studies. The basic concepts of the population projection are as described in Items (1) and (2) in the box below: Basic Concept on Population Projection for the Study Area (1) The past remarkably high population growth is supported by the following factors: • The Province of Cavite is located adjacent to Metro Manila and situated as the commuting zone to Metro Manila. • The Province is largely influenced by the policy on dispersed development of industrial estates toward outside of Metro Manila (refer to “50-km Radius Ban Policy of Metro Manila on Industries and Large-scale Residential Subdivision Development”). • The objective relocation site for “Squatter Relocation Program of Metro Manila” was placed in the Province. • The Province has ever induced the large-scale residential subdivision development. • The Province induced development of tourist hotel, resort and golf course. • The several trunk road lines such as South Super Highway, Cavite Coastal Road, Aguinaldo Highway and Governor’s Drive were set up in the Province. (2) The future population growth would drop below the above past growth because of the following factors: • Priority to full operation of the existing industrial estates over development of new industrial estates; • Moratorium on golf course development in the highland area; • Control of subdivision development in the highland area, recently stated by the present Provincial Governor; • Decrease of natural population growth rate (2.2% in 2001 to 1.7% in 2006); • Delay on planned infrastructure development such as R1 Extension, C-5 Expressway, MMS Extension Stage 2, Molino Boulevard, LRT 1 Extension to Cavite, etc.