Cavite's Impending Water Crisis
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2017 Philippine Golf Course Management Conference Cavite’s Impending Water Crisis: An Analysis Prof. Noel A. Sedigo Chair, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite Legislative Map of Cavite The Province of Cavite is subdivided into three geographical areas: A. Lowland Areas B. Central Hilly Areas C. Upland Areas Lowland Areas Central Hilly Areas Upland Areas Population Forecasts Population Projection Summary (in persons) Year 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Cavite 3,406,037 3,909,526 4,820,324 5,822,156 6,877,928 7,955,369 9,015,368 Province District I 329,830 354,733 395,785 436,989 476,431 513,209 546,331 District II 580,991 678,400 854,845 1,047,494 1,247,588 1,447,241 1,637,818 District III 329,611 372,498 444,242 514,503 578,071 631,182 670,846 District IV 630,447 715,571 862,870 1,015,214 1,164,211 1,303,477 1,426,936 District V 459,278 509,078 594,594 683,684 772,566 858,748 939,477 District VI 664,398 823,290 1,135,685 1,512,454 1,947,933 2,433,496 2,953,932 District VII 411,483 455,956 532,302 611,818 691,129 768,016 840,029 The Six Major River Watersheds in Cavite THE SIX MAJOR RIVER WATERSHEDS IN CAVITE Name of Watershed: MARAGONDON RIVER Name of Watershed: WATERSHEDBACOOR RIVER NameWATERSHED of Watershed: Covered Cities/Municipalities:LABAC-ALEMANG RIVER CoveredTAGAYTAY Cities/Municipalities: CITY MUNICIPALITYWATERSHEDMUNICIPALITY OF MENDEZ OF SILANG NameMUNICIPALITY of Watershed:DASMARIÑAS OF ALFONSO CITY CoveredMUNICIPALITY Cities/Municipalities:SANIMUS JUAN CITY OFRIVER INDANG WATERSHED MUNICIPALITYTAGAYTAYBACOOR CITY OFCITY GENERAL CoveredNameEMILIO of Cities/Municipalities:Watershed:MUNICIPALITY AGUINALDO OF MENDEZMUNICIPALITYMUNICIPALITYIMUS RIVER OF WATERSHED OF SILANG NameMAGALLANES of Watershed:DASMARIÑASMUNICIPALITY CITY OF INDANGCoveredMUNICIPALITY Cities/Municipalities:MUNICIPALITYCAÑAS RIVER OF NAICWATERSHED OF GENERAL TRIASMUNICIPALITYTRECETAGAYTAY MARTIRES OFCITY CITY CoveredMARAGONDON Cities/Municipalities:IMUSMUNICIPALITY CITY OF TANZASILANG MUNICIPALITYMUNICIPALITYTAGAYTAYDASMARIÑAS OFCITY TERNATE CITY OF KAWITNAIC MUNICIPALITY OF ROSARIOAMADEOGENERAL TRIAS MUNICIPALITY OF NOVELETASILANG MUNICIPALITYIMUS CITY OF INDANG MUNICIPALITY OF GENERALKAWIT TRIAS MUNICIPALITY OF NOVELETA TRECE MARTIRES CITY MUNICIPALITY OF TANZA MUNICIPALITY OF ROSARIO PROJECTED POPULATION OF CAVITE PROVINCE (2012- 2040) THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE RE-CHARGE ZONE BUFFER ZONE GROUNDWATE R • Rainfall in the Philippines ranges from 1000 to 4000 mm per year. • 1000 to 2000 mm are collected as runoff by natural topography (Greenpeace, 2007) THE WATERSHED CONCEPT RE-CHARGE ZONE AQUIFER Average rainfall in Labac-Alemang River Watershed from 2009 - 2012 501.54 468.12 397.92 413.94 250.62 251.92 90.06 85.44 46.1 24.3 32.98 60.98 JAN FEB MARCH APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC RAINFALL (mm) WATER QUALITY STATUS OF IMUS RIVER Name of Watershed: IMUS RIVER WATERSHED Covered Cities/Municipalities: TAGAYTAY CITY MUNICIPALITY OF SILANG DASMARIÑAS CITY MUNICIPALITY OF GENERAL TRIAS IMUS CITY MUNICIPALITY OF KAWIT MUNICIPALITY OF NOVELETA Water Quality Status of Imus River 2012 2013 2014 2015 DENR Criteria (Class C Waters) BOD 12.0 9.5 9.7 13 7 (10) mg/L Chlorides 759.7 761.1 698.5 1813 350mg/L DO minimum of 4.5 6.0 5.7 5.70 5mg/L Phosphate 2.169 1.105 1.225 1.585 0.4mg/L TSS 13 27 27 14 80mg/L Total 5000MPN/10 Coliform 160,000 247,578 164,586 95,021 0mL Fecal Coliform 160,000 104,722 72,073 55,825 *Exceeded DENR Criteria for Class C water WATER QUALITY STATUS Labac-ALEMANG RIVER WATERSHED Name of Watershed: LABAC-ALEMANG RIVER WATERSHED Covered Cities/Municipalities: TAGAYTAY CITY MUNICIPALITY OF MENDEZ MUNICIPALITY OF INDANG TRECE MARTIRES CITY MUNICIPALITY OF TANZA MUNICIPALITY OF NAIC Streamflow of Labac-Alemang River Watershed for dry and wet season (2015) DRY SEASON WET SEASON STATION LOCATION STREAMFLOW STREAMFLOW (lps) (lps) A. Western Rivers Poblacion II Brgy. Poblacion, Indang 57 130 Bulbok Prinsa Brgy. Calumpang, Indang 524 697 Labac Brgy. Balsahan, Naic 800 1100 B. Eastern Rivers Saluysoy Brgy. Katapos, Indang 60 146 Ilat III Brgy. Palangue II & III, Indang 12 30 Alemang Brgy. Balsahan, Naic 621 830 Physico-chemical characteristics of Labac-Alemang River (2015) Microbiological characteristics of Labac-Alemang River (2014) Kay-Alamang River 3 5 at Barangay Balsahan All values Near the middle of the stream towards 1 exceeded the the estuary Barangay Sabang total coliform Balsahan River at 4 limit for Class C Barangay Balsahan waters of 5,000 Barangay San Roque MPN/100 mL. 2 AVERAGE TOTAL COLIFORM STATION (MPN/100ML) May 2014 August 2014 1 1.60 x 104 3.53 x 106 2 2.40 x 104 3.70 x 104 “Environmental Assessment and 3 2.10 x 104 3.53 x 106 Water Quality of Balsahan and Kay- Alamang Rivers of the Labac River 4 1.80 x 104 6.37 x 104 System at Naic, Cavite, Philippines” (2015) 5 1.07 x 105 3.53 x 106 Amyel Dale L. Cero MS Environmental Science UPLB - SESAM WATER QUALITY STATUS CAÑAS RIVER WATERSHED Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of Cañas River (2014) NAME OF TOTAL FECAL STATION BOD DO PH TSS STATION COLIFORM COLIFORM Julugan Wawa 1 4.75 4.86 7.75 25.17 350889.77 179817.18 Hanging Bridge 2 Tejero Bridge 6.92 5.28 7.87 37.83 1389908.99 579809.93 Paradahan 3 7.08 5.88 8.01 28.67 2882433.41 1460793.98 Bridge Mag-asawang 4 3.58 7.57 8.10 65.58 92443.95 28170.61 Layon Bridge 5 Patda Bridge 5.83 7.22 8.17 83.67 375408.05 272047.70 Panaysayan 6 3.33 7.38 8.18 26.50 296696.43 105771.32 Bridge Water Supply and Demand Analysis for Cavite Groundwater Availability • The country has an extensive groundwater reservoir with am aggregate area of about 50,000 sq km. • Several ground water basins are underlaid by about 100,000 sq km. of various rock formation (Greenpeace, 2007). These resources are located in: •Northeast Luzon •Negros Island •Central Luzon •Northeast Leyte • Laguna Lake Basin •Ormoc-Kananga basin •Cavite-Batangas-Laguna •Agusan-Davao basin Basin •Southeast Luzon •Occidental Misamis basin •Mindoro Island •Lanao-Bukidnon-Misamis basin • As cited by Green Peace (2007), groundwater resources are continuously recharged by rain and seepage from rivers and lakes (PEM,2003; EMB, 2006) – Groundwater contributes 14 % of the total water resource potential of the country. – The Philippines’ total available freshwater resource is at 145,900 MCM/year, and groundwater recharge or extraction at 20,000 MCM/year (NWRB-SPM,2003; PEM, 2003; ASEAN, 2005) • Master Plan on Water Resource Management in the Philippines estimate that only 1,907 cubic meters of fresh water would be available to each person each year, making the Philippines second to the lowest among Southeast Asian countries with fresh water availability. (PEM 2003) • 58% of groundwater that was sampled by NWRB-NWIN Project is found to be contaminated with coliform bacteria (Greenpeace, 2007). Projected Water Demand by All Sectors Year 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Domestic Water Demand 525 538 669 838 1,063 1,297 1,549 Agricultural Demand 1,094 1,090 1,087 1,077 1,074 1,077 1,089 Industrial Water Demand 122 136 160 172 184 188 192 Recreational Water Demand 12.02 12.45 13.03 13.46 13.90 14.47 15.17 Total Water Demand (MLD) 1,753 1,777 1,929 2,100 2,335 2,576 2,845 Water Supply (MLD) 618 Water consumption of municipalities in Cavite Recoverable Total CITY/ Domestic Industrial Recreation Agriculture Surplus Ground Groundwater MUNICIPALITY Demand Demand Demand Demand (Deficit) Water Withdrawal District I Cavite City 2.42 23.16 6.27 - 0.01 29.43 (27.01) Kawit 2.75 16.93 1.66 0.21 0.69 19.49 (16.74) Noveleta 1.15 8.09 0.05 - 0.74 8.88 (7.74) Rosario 0.74 19.28 20.16 - 0.76 40.20 (39.46) District II Bacoor 5.13 98.52 0.42 - 2.58 101.53 (96.40) District III Imus 18.26 59.85 10.86 - 7.95 78.66 (60.40) District IV Dasmariñas 27.73 95.19 14.22 1.61 15.45 126.47 (98.74) District V Carmona 12.37 10.53 12.39 3.21 1.74 27.87 (15.50) Gen.Mariano 3.51 22.01 0.48 - 0.72 23.21 (19.70) Alvarez Silang 91.31 35.52 15.95 0.90 25.59 77.96 13.35 District VI Trece Martires 16.05 16.91 7.00 1.78 12.06 37.74 (21.70) Amadeo 30.87 4.63 - - 2.39 7.02 23.85 Gen. Trias 26.78 40.04 27.80 1.75 14.57 84.16 (57.39) Tanza 14.86 22.01 2.57 - 17.92 42.50 (27.64) District VII Tagaytay City 65.00 13.72 0.08 1.39 4.09 19.29 45.71 Alfonso 56.74 6.57 0.16 0.54 26.25 33.51 23.23 Gen. E. Aguinaldo 20.97 2.20 - - 6.08 8.28 12.69 Indang 52.71 8.53 0.10 - 4.18 12.82 39.89 Magallanes 32.26 2.16 0.81 - 9.42 12.39 19.87 Maragondon 43.03 4.39 - - 2.59 6.98 36.05 Mendez 14.67 4.34 - 0.06 2.75 7.15 7.52 Naic 24.19 8.93 0.99 - 3.20 13.13 11.07 Ternate 8.93 1.04 - 0.58 0.77 2.39 6.54 TOTAL 572.43 524.57 121.98 12.02 162.50 821.06 (248.63) • Total recoverable groundwater potential is about 572 MLD while the total surface water available is 45 MLD or a total of 617 MLD.