DOCSLIB.ORG

Hyacinthaceae): Pollination of D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hyacinthaceae): Pollination of D SAJB-00783; No of Pages 4 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 81 (2012) 15–18 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Short Communication First record of pollination in the Afro-Eurasian Dipcadi Medik. (Hyacinthaceae): pollination of D. brevifoliumi by the owlet moth Syngrapha circumflexa (Noctuidae) ⁎ J.C. Manning a,b, , P. Goldblatt c, E. Parker d, R. Kaiser a a Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa c B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA d Elandsberg Nature Reserve, Bo-Hermon, South Africa Received 4 January 2012; received in revised form 19 March 2012; accepted 20 March 2012 Abstract Flowers of Dipcadi brevifolium (Hyacinthaceae) exhibit the characteristics associated with phalaenophily, or pollination by settling moths, notably a dull-coloured, shortly tubular perianth with included anthers, and nocturnal scent. Flowers are self-incompatible and produce an unusual, sour/acrid floral scent dominated by isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid and jasmine. The moth Syngrapha circumflexa (Noctuidae) was recorded as a pollinator, representing the first pollination record for the species and for the genus. © 2012 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Dipcadi; Hyacinthaceae; Moth pollination; Pollination biology; Scent chemistry; Syngrapha 1. Introduction southern Africa but extending into central Asia, Madagascar and India (Speta, 1998). All have characteristic, dull-coloured, tubular Hyacinthaceae are a large and florally diverse family of±900 flowers with included anthers, and several of the southern African spp. that has speciated primarily in southern Africa with a species at least become fragrant at night, leading Vogel (1954) secondary radiation in the Mediterranean (Speta, 1998). Pollina- and Manning et al. (2002) to propose that they are adapted for tion systems in the family have been remarkably little studied moth pollination. Here we provide the first documented evidence since initial speculations on the subject (Vogel, 1954), who for moth pollination in the species D. brevifolium (Thunb.) inferred pollination by bees, birds, butterflies and moths on the Fourc., including a chemical analysis of the unusual, acrid floral basis of floral morphology. It is only recently that rodent and scent and observations on self-incompatibility. other non-flying mammal pollination has been documented in the southern African genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Johnson et 2. Materials and methods al., 2001; Wester et al., 2009; Wester, 2010, 2011). Other systems have yet to be studied, among them the pollination of the small 2.1. Study species and study site genus Dipcadi Medik., which comprises±30 spp., primarily in Dipcadi brevifolium is a small, deciduous geophyte wide- ⁎ Corresponding author at: South African National Biodiversity Institute Compton Herbarium Private Bag X7 Claremont, Cape Town 7735 South spread through the winter-rainfall zone of southern Africa Africa. Tel.: +021-799 8660; fax: +021-761 4151. (Obermeyer, 1963). Flowering occurs from spring through late E-mail address: [email protected] (J.C. Manning). summer in different localities depending on the rainfall. At this 0254-6299/$ -see front matter © 2012 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2012.03.012 16 J.C. Manning et al. / South African Journal of Botany 81 (2012) 15–18 time a secund raceme of nodding, greenish to brownish, tubular 2.3. Floral visitors flowers 12–20 mm long is produced (Fig. 1). The tepals are united in the lower half and the filaments are appressed to the Plants were examined at various periods throughout the day inner surface of the tepals, the anthers thus apparently sessile, and early evening, from±08:00 until 21:00, on 20 and 25 Oct and included within the floral tube, along with the short style 2010 and again on 15 Oct 2011. After nightfall, examination and stigma. was carried out by the light of torches masked with red plastic We studied the species in the Elandsberg Nature Reserve foil, during which time 10–15 plants were monitored. All insect east of Bo-Hermon in Western Cape in October 2010 and 2011. visitors to the flowers were captured and examined for pollen Plants are widespread through the reserve in Swartland Alluvial under a dissecting microscope. Specimens are deposited at the Fynbos and Renosterveld shrublands (Mucina and Rutherford, South African Museum, Cape Town. 2006). Voucher specimens are deposited in the Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute. 2.4. Nectar measurement and sugar concentration Five flowers from five randomly selected plants were 2.2. Floral longevity, self-pollination and pollination success sampled for nectar in the late afternoon, ±17:00, thus allowing a full day for nectar accumulation. Nectar was extracted by Self-compatibility was assessed by enclosing ten budding inserting a 5 μl capillary tube into the mouth of the floral tube stems in fine-mesh tubes to exclude floral visitors, and examining to the base. The percentage of sucrose equivalents in fresh them periodically over the following two weeks for fruit set. nectar was measured using a Bellingham and Stanley hand- Natural pollination success was estimated as the percentage of held refractometer (0-50%). capsules developed on twenty open (uncovered) stems from the same population. Floral longevity was initially determined on 2.5. Scent analysis five flowering stems that were picked and held in a vase indoors under natural light conditions. One mature bud from the base of Flowering stems were sniffed throughout the day and early the raceme on each of the five stems was tagged and monitored evening for any noticeable scent. Freshly picked flowers were each day until it withered. Flowers above the tagged buds sampled for floral scent in the early evening±1 h after scent continued to open successively for more than a week afterwards, emission began by placing five stems in water and enclosing suggesting that picking had no influence on flower development, the racemes in a glass container to concentrate the scent. The and this was confirmed by checking undisturbed inflorescences head space was sampled for 4 h onto glass capillary tubes in the pollinator exclusion experiment. packed with Poropack by drawing air through the tubes with a vacuum pump. Floral scent chemistry was analysed by gas chromatography using a DB-Wax Capillary column (Kaiser, 1993). 3. Results 3.1. Floral phenology Buds opened gradually over 2 days, with maximum perianth expansion achieved in the evening of day 3, and open flowers withered by day 10. Individual flowers were thus open for 7 nights. At anthesis on day 1 the style was short, with the stigma positioned below the anthers, but elongated slightly during the life of the flower so that by the time that the flower withered the stigma was positioned near the tips of the anthers. Flowers were entirely unscented during the day but became fragrant at sunset, ±18:30. They were again unscented by morning, 07:00. 3.2. Scent 3.2.1. Chemical analysis Analysis of floral scent identified the following constitu- ents, arranged in order of decreasing percentage composition: jasmine 57.0%, 2-methylbutyraldehyde oxime ((E)+(Z)) 20.2%, isobutyric acid 11.3%, 2-methylbutyric acid 2.4%, 2-methyl-1-nitrobutane 2.3%, 2-methyl-1-nitropropane 1.8%, Fig. 1. Dipcadi brevifolium flowers showing short tube and included anthers. butyric acid 1.3%, p-vinylphenol 0.5%, octan-3-one 0.4%, J.C. Manning et al. / South African Journal of Botany 81 (2012) 15–18 17 2-methylburyronitrile 0.1%, isobutyraldehyde oxime ((E)+(Z)) the anthers and stigmas. The probosces of the moths measured 0.6%, α-pinene 0.05%, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene 0.05%, 12–15 mm in length, and every individual that we examined β-pinene 0.03%, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one 0.03%, octanal 0.03%, carried few to many (b20–N200) adherent pollen grains 3-methylbutyraldehyde oxime ((E)+(Z)) 0.03%, oct-1-en-3-ol scattered along the entire length of the proboscis but usually 0.05%. concentrated in the distal half. Pollen grains were monosulcate and thus evidently monocotyledonous. Dipcadi brevifolium 3.3. Nectar was the only monocot species in flower at the locality and it is thus possible to infer that the grains were from that species. Individual flowers contain trace amounts of nectar, 0.25- 0.35 μl, visible as solitary droplets at the mouth of each of the 4. Discussion secretary pores at the base of the ovary septa. The nectar is moderately concentrated, 22–31% sucrose equivalents (Mean= We confirm that the floral syndrome of moth-pollination in 26%, n=5). Dipcadi brevifolium is indeed associated with pollination by noctuid or owlet moths as previously inferred. At our study site 3.4. Fruit set we only observed visits by Syngrapha circumflexa but it remains to be demonstrated that other moths do not visit the No fruits were set by the bagged plants. Initial swelling of species elsewhere across its range. Syngrapha circumflexa itself the ovaries occurs, suggesting that self-pollination has been is widely distributed through Africa, Europe and Asia, and in effected, but they soon abscise spontaneously, indicating that southern Africa has been documented as pollinating species of they are self-incompatible. Fruit set in open, unbagged plants is Babiana Ker Gawl. and Gladiolus L. (Iridaceae) (Goldblatt and moderate to high, with 20=83% of flowers developing capsules Manning, 2002, 2007), Satyrium Sw. (Orchidaceae) (Johnson, (Mean=45%, n=20). 1997) and Struthiola L. (Thymelaeaceae) (Makholela and Manning, 2006).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DNA Barcoding Identification of Endangered Dipcadi Saxorum Blatt
    Human Journals Research Article June 2019 Vol.:15, Issue:3 © All rights are reserved by Purohit Nikisha et al. DNA Barcoding Identification of Endangered Dipcadi saxorum Blatt. Species of Gujarat Keywords: DNA Barcoding, rbcL, endangered plants, identification, Phylogenetic tree, conservation ABSTRACT Purohit Nikisha*1, Solanki Hiteshkumar A2. DNA barcoding is an appropriate molecular method which uses a short sequence as a barcoding region precise for identified species. It has the capability to fast the discovery of new [1]. Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Gujarat species. In this study, the potential of DNA barcoding to University, Ahmedabad-380009. approve the identities of endangered plant species in Dediyapada, Gujarat was assessed using DNA barcode rbcL. [2]. Professor, Department of Botany, Gujarat rbcL marker was successful in amplifying target regions for University, Ahmedabad-380009. Dipcadi saxorum Blatt. species. RbcL primer resulted in cleanest reads. Correct identification of any plant is a complete requirement. DNA barcoding is a reliable tool in methodically Submission: 26 May 2019 identifying unknown endangered plants. The current study Accepted: 31 May 2019 explains how DNA barcode analysis of the plant Dipcadi Published: 30 June 2019 saxorum Blatt. helps in the correct identification based on nucleotide diversity of short DNA segments. DNA from the leaf of the plant were extracted. The chloroplast gene rbcL were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequence was subjected to a BLAST analysis to compare it with that of other species and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results established that the plant belonged to the family Asparagaceae. Overall, the www.ijppr.humanjournals.com endangered species were precisely identified to the species level.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Basis of Pheromonogenesis Regulation in Moths
    Chapter 8 Molecular Basis of Pheromonogenesis Regulation in Moths J. Joe Hull and Adrien Fónagy Abstract Sexual communication among the vast majority of moths typically involves the synthesis and release of species-specifc, multicomponent blends of sex pheromones (types of insect semiochemicals) by females. These compounds are then interpreted by conspecifc males as olfactory cues regarding female reproduc- tive readiness and assist in pinpointing the spatial location of emitting females. Studies by multiple groups using different model systems have shown that most sex pheromones are synthesized de novo from acetyl-CoA by functionally specialized cells that comprise the pheromone gland. Although signifcant progress was made in identifying pheromone components and elucidating their biosynthetic pathways, it wasn’t until the advent of modern molecular approaches and the increased avail- ability of genetic resources that a more complete understanding of the molecular basis underlying pheromonogenesis was developed. Pheromonogenesis is regulated by a neuropeptide termed Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) that acts on a G protein-coupled receptor expressed at the surface of phero- mone gland cells. Activation of the PBAN receptor (PBANR) triggers a signal trans- duction cascade that utilizes an infux of extracellular Ca2+ to drive the concerted action of multiple enzymatic steps (i.e. chain-shortening, desaturation, and fatty acyl reduction) that generate the multicomponent pheromone blends specifc to each species. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of moth sex pheromones before expanding on the molecular mechanisms regulating pheromonogenesis, and con- clude by highlighting recent developments in the literature that disrupt/exploit this critical pathway. J. J. Hull (*) USDA-ARS, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA e-mail: [email protected] A.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera Learning Objective
    QUARANTINE SIGNIFICANT LEPIDOPTERA OF CONCERN TO THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES STEVEN PASSOA USDA/APHIS/PPQ 2007 1 LEPIDOPTERA GOALS . Learn techniques of specimen preparation and submission for CAPS Lepidoptera . Develop a list of Lepidoptera of regulatory concern to the southern USA . Learn to SCREEN samples for these species in the stage most likely to be seen by diagnostic labs using the MAJOR characters. Some species are only defined by a combination of features. In those cases, using the associated key and references listed is more accurate. Give examples from the major superfamilies . Distributions and hosts mentioned are the most likely pathways 2 DEVELOP A LIST . Criteria originally modified from biocontrol of weeds list in July 1991 memo, then modified by NEPSC committee . Now widely used in APHIS as mini-PRA . Survey methodology and taxonomic recognition added to economic criteria . Results are either threats (no pathway), CAPS targets (need to survey), or a dead survey (not practical to consider) 3 WHY LABS HATE TO IDENTIFY LEPIDOPTERA . Secret society of critical characters . Constant name changes . Characters hard to see, covered with scales, or both 4 EGGS . Two types . Do not kill important finds and sent urgent . Plan to rear them in a quarantine facility . Spodoptera and Lymantria (and others) cover the eggs with scales from the female’s body 5 LARVAE . Associate leaf miners with the mine and host . Mouthparts are the “genitalia” of the larval world . Fill vials so there is no air bubble when shipping . “Burp” rubber stoppers and parafilm screw top vials . Can kill and ship in vinegar . Put loose parts in small vials 6 PUPAE .
    [Show full text]
  • Autographa Gamma
    1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log 4 Introduction to the Reference 6 Soybean Background 11 Arthropods 14 Primary Pests of Soybean (Full Pest Datasheet) 14 Adoretus sinicus ............................................................................................................. 14 Autographa gamma ....................................................................................................... 26 Chrysodeixis chalcites ................................................................................................... 36 Cydia fabivora ................................................................................................................. 49 Diabrotica speciosa ........................................................................................................ 55 Helicoverpa armigera..................................................................................................... 65 Leguminivora glycinivorella .......................................................................................... 80 Mamestra brassicae....................................................................................................... 85 Spodoptera littoralis ....................................................................................................... 94 Spodoptera litura .......................................................................................................... 106 Secondary Pests of Soybean (Truncated Pest Datasheet) 118 Adoxophyes orana ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Morphology and Phytochemical Constituents of Dipcadi Filamentosa in Two States of North-Central Nigeria
    MAY 2014 – JULY 2014, Vol. 4, No.3; 2158-2164. E- ISSN: 2249 –1929 Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online atwww.jcbsc.org Section B: Biological Sciences CODEN (USA): JCBPAT Research Article Studies on the Morphology and Phytochemical Constituents of Dipcadi filamentosa in Two States of North-Central Nigeria *Abdulkareem, K.A., Garuba, T., Abdulrasaq, R. and Mustapha, O.T. University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Received: 27 January 2014; Revised: 09 May 2014; Accepted: 15 May 2014 Abstract: Studies were carried out on the effects of environmental differences on the morphology and phytochemical constituents of Dipcadi filamentosa with a view of establishing plant diversity among the different populations. The bulbs were collected from two States in North Central Nigeria. Kabba is located in Kabba-Bunu local Government Area of Kogi State while Kaiama, Sobi and Tanke are in Kaiama, Ilorin East and Ilorin South Government Area of Kwara State respectively. Bulbs of D. filamentosa collected from Kaiama (KB, KM and KS), Kabba (KA), Sobi (SB) and Tanke (TK) were planted in plastic pots at Botanical Garden, University of Ilorin and morphological characters were observed and measured. Phytochemical screenings were carried out to detect presence of secondary plant products. It was observed that all bulb samples collected from Kaiama were phenotypically the same and differed from other samples. Results showed that KB had highest leaf length of 13.10cm while KA failed to sprout at 2 weeks after planting (WAP). The leaf length of SB (46.57cm) and TK (46.43cm) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) from each other but significantly different from the value recorded for KS (27.60cm) and KB (20.23cm) at 10WAP.The maximum leaf area was measured in SB (73.35cm) which showed no significant difference with all the samples except KB (11.08cm).
    [Show full text]
  • The South African Species of Dipcadi
    117 The South African Species of Dipcadi by A. A. Obermeyer In the Flora Capensis 6:445 (1897) Baker enumerated 14 species for South Africa. Since then over 50 more “ new ” species have been described for southern Africa, including a large number from South West Africa. As some are known to be poisonous and others are eaten by Bushmen and wild animals, it is essential to bring order into the classification of this genus. It has been necessary to reduce to synonymy a large number of names. Many of the unnecessary “ new ” species were based on variable characters and others resulted because some species flower hysteranthously in spring and later synanthously. It seems also that several hybrids were given specific rank. Baker divided the species into two sections; those with the perianth segments of equal length were classified in the §Tricharis and those with caudate appendages to the outer segments in the §Uropetalum. When the appendages are well developed sectional classification is easy but in some specimens the appendages are very short. Bentham & Hooker, Gen. PI. Ill, 2:809 (1883) pointed out that the length of the appendages varied even in flowers on one raceme and Baker, when describing the Madagascar species, D. heterocuspe, also mentions that short and long appendages occurred on one raceme. As the appendages are formed at an early stage in the bud. even the short ones may be seen to protrude as three short apical teeth. Apparently the species with appendages to the outer perianth-segments are restricted to Africa and Madagscar. Those from Europe and India do not have them.
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Schizobasis Intricata SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk
    TAXON: Schizobasis intricata SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Schizobasis intricata Family: Hyacinthaceae Common Name(s): climbing onion Synonym(s): Anthericum intricatum Baker losbol Drimia intricata (Baker) J.C.Manning Schizobasis& Goldblatt dinteri K.Krause Schizobasis macowanii Baker Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 26 Jun 2015 WRA Score: 1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Geophyte, Bulb-forming, Self-fertile, Seed Producing, Atelechorous Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y =
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Use Of
    International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Life Science 2021; 2(1): 57-60 E-ISSN: 2707-2835 P-ISSN: 2707-2827 www.pharmacognosyjournal.com Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological IJPLS 2021; 2(1): 57-60 Received: 14-01-2021 use of Dipcadi erythraeum: Noteworthy ethno Accepted: 20-03-2021 medicinal plant of Indian Thar desert Nema Ram Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology Nema Ram, GK Singh, PK Desai and Ashwin Singh Chouhan (Autonomous), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/27072827.2021.v2.i1a.28 GK Singh Lachoo Memorial College of Abstract Science & Technology This ethno-botanical study describes the traditional knowledge related to the use of Dipcadi (Autonomous), Jodhpur, erythraeum used by the tribes and communities residue in the Great Indian Desert or Indian Thar Rajasthan, India Desert. Dipcadi erythraeum (synonym- Dipcadi unicolor, Ornithogalum erythraeum, Uropetalon erythraeum, Uropetalon unicolor, Uropetalum unicolor) also known for Jangli Dungri is recently PK Desai belonging to the subfamily Scilloideae of the family Asparagaceae and mainly found in rocky and Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology gravelly habitats having greater medicinal values such as leaves are laxatives, used as an ointment for (Autonomous), Jodhpur, wounds, while whole plant is used for cough, biliousness, diabetes, urinary and discharge. This paper Rajasthan, India also deals with the focus on conservation of Dipcadi erythraeum because Due to soil erosion, over exploitation of rocks and hills, over grazing, habitat loss Dipcadi erythraeum is recently categorized as Ashwin Singh Chouhan rare, endangered and threatened plant by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and Lachoo Memorial College of WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring System).
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Position of Two Endemic Species of Dipcadi (Asparagaceae) from Northern Western Ghats of India Using Molecular Markers
    Rheedea Vol. 25(2) 97-102 2015 ISSN: 0971 - 2313 Systematic position of two endemic species of Dipcadi (Asparagaceae) from northern Western Ghats of India using molecular markers Anup S. Deshpande, S. Krishnan and M.K. Janarthanam* Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa 403 206, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Phylogenetic relationships of two endemic and critically endangered species viz. Dipcadi concanense (Dalzell) Baker and D. goaense Prabhug. et al., from northern Western Ghats, were investigated using sequences from a Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal region and a plastid gene (matK). Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis were carried out for that purpose. The phylogenetic tree resulting from ML as well as Bayesian analysis showed that D. concanense and D. goaense are closely related species. This analysis was significantly supported by bootstrap as well as posterior probability values. The resolution of Dipcadi clade is also explained by cytological data as well as distribution patterns. Keywords: Dipcadi, endemic, ITS, matK, Phylogenetic analysis Introduction Genus Dipcadi Medik., belonging to the family D. goaense is morphologically similar to D. Asparagaceae (earlier Hyacinthaceae subfamily concanense (Prabhugaonkar et al., 2009) and share Ornithogaloideae), is distributed from Africa, the same chromosome number (Gosavi et al., 2011) Mediterranean region to South West Asia but both are allopatrically distributed. Considering (Mabberley, 1997) and comprises 41 species (The their morphological distinctness, distribution and Plant List, 2013). In India, it is distributed from conservation concern, their systematic position and Western Himalayas to Peninsular India and is phylogenetic relationship have been investigated represented by ten species with four varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock Garden Quarterly
    ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 COVER: Tulipa vvedevenskyi by Dick Van Reyper All Material Copyright © 1997 North American Rock Garden Society Printed by AgPress, 1531 Yuma Street, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 FEATURES Life with Bulbs in an Oregon Garden, by Molly Grothaus 83 Nuts about Bulbs in a Minor Way, by Andrew Osyany 87 Some Spring Crocuses, by John Grimshaw 93 Arisaema bockii: An Attenuata Mystery, by Guy Gusman 101 Arisaemas in the 1990s: An Update on a Modern Fashion, by Jim McClements 105 Spider Lilies, Hardy Native Amaryllids, by Don Hackenberry 109 Specialty Bulbs in the Holland Industry, by Brent and Becky Heath 117 From California to a Holland Bulb Grower, by W.H. de Goede 120 Kniphofia Notes, by Panayoti Kelaidis 123 The Useful Bulb Frame, by Jane McGary 131 Trillium Tricks: How to Germinate a Recalcitrant Seed, by John F. Gyer 137 DEPARTMENTS Seed Exchange 146 Book Reviews 148 82 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 55(2) LIFE WITH BULBS IN AN OREGON GARDEN by Molly Grothaus Our garden is on the slope of an and a recording thermometer, I began extinct volcano, with an unobstructed, to discover how large the variation in full frontal view of Mt. Hood. We see warmth and light can be in an acre the side of Mt. Hood facing Portland, and a half of garden. with its top-to-bottom 'H' of south tilt• These investigations led to an inter• ed ridges.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Lebanon Ridge As the Edge of the Distribution Range for Euro
    SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Kravchenko, V. D.; Friedman, A.-L.-L.; Müller, G. C. The Anti-Lebanon ridge as the edge of the distribution range for Euro-Siberian and Irano- Turanian faunistic elements in the Mediterranean biome: A case study (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 45, núm. 180, diciembre, 2017, pp. 639-650 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45553890016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Revta. lepid., 45 (180) diciembre 2017: 639-650 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 The Anti-Lebanon ridge as the edge of the distribution range for Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian faunistic elements in the Mediterranean biome: A case study (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) V. D. Kravchenko, A.-L.-L. Friedman & G. C. Müller Abstract The Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ridges are located in the middle of a narrow “Mediterranean ecozone” corridor stretching along the Levantine coast. Both ridges are high enough to feature a complete range of altitude zones, which includes an alpine tragacanth belt (> 2000 m a.s.l.). The southernmost part of the Anti-Lebanon ridge is situated in the northernmost part of Israel. Among the 548 Israeli Noctuidae species, 106 species (21%) occur only in this small mountainous area. Among them, 17 are endemic and the populations of the remaining 89 species are at the edge of their distribution range.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyomorphological Analysis of Recently Described Rare Species of Dipcadi Medik (Hyacinthaceae) from Northern Western Ghats
    © 2011 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 76(1): 63–66, 2011 Karyomorphological Analysis of Recently Described Rare Species of Dipcadi Medik (Hyacinthaceae) from Northern Western Ghats Kumar Vinod Chhotupuri Gosavi1*, Usha Shrirang Yadav2, Malapati Kuppaswami Janarthanam3 and Shrirang Ramchandra Yadav1 1 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur–416 004, MS, India 2 Department of Botany, Willingdon College, Sangali 416 415, MS, India 3 Department of Botany, Goa University, Panajim–403 506, Goa, India Received April 14, 2010; accepted December 10, 2010 Summary Dipcadi goaense A. Prabhugaonkar, U. S. Yadav & Janarth. is so far known from type locality with a single population spread over about 1 sq. km. in south Goa. It is allied to D. concanense (Dalz.) Baker but differs in its small flowers and funnel-shaped perianth tube. The present paper describes the distribution, ornamental potential and karyotype analysis and reports on meiotic count in the species. The haploid chromosome number nϭ6, somatic chromosome number 2nϭ12 and karyotypic analysis is reported for the first time for the species. The bimodal asymmetrical karyotype represents an advanced nature of the taxon. It has glistening white fragrant flowers of considerable ornamental potential. The species can be best conserved through its utilization as an ornamental bulbous plant by introduction in gardens. Key words Dipcadi goaense, Karyotype, Meiosis, Goa, India. The genus Dipcadi Medik. of subfamily Ornithogaloideae Speta of family Hyacinthaceae with about 30 species is distributed in the Mediterranean region, Africa and South West Asia (Mabberley, 1997). It is represented by about 9 species and 4 varieties in India (Deb and Dasgupta 1981, Karthikeyan et al.
    [Show full text]