Coin Hoards from the British Isles 2016
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TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 B.C. AUGUSTUS 16 Jan 27 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR Other title: e.g. Filius Augustorum Aureus 7.8g KEY TO METALLIC COMPOSITION Quinarius Aureus GOLD Gold Aureus 25 silver Denarii Gold Quinarius 12.5 silver Denarii SILVER Silver Denarius 16 copper Asses Silver Quinarius 8 copper Asses DE-BASED SILVER from c. 260 Brass Sestertius 4 copper Asses Brass Dupondius 2 copper Asses ORICHALCUM (BRASS) Copper As 4 copper Quadrantes Brass Semis 2 copper Quadrantes COPPER Copper Quadrans Denarius 3.79g 96-98% fine Quinarius Argenteus 1.73g 92% fine Sestertius 25.5g Dupondius 12.5g As 10.5g Semis Quadrans TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE B.C. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.D.A.D. denominational relationships relationships based on Aureus Aureus 7.8g 1 Quinarius Aureus 3.89g 2 Denarius 3.79g 25 50 Sestertius 25.4g 100 Dupondius 12.4g 200 As 10.5g 400 Semis 4.59g 800 Quadrans 3.61g 1600 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 Aug TIBERIUS TIBERIUS Aureus 7.75g Aureus Quinarius Aureus 3.87g Quinarius Aureus Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine Denarius Sestertius 27g Sestertius Dupondius 14.5g Dupondius As 10.9g As Semis Quadrans 3.61g Quadrans 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 TIBERIUS CALIGULA CLAUDIUS Aureus 7.75g 7.63g Quinarius Aureus 3.87g 3.85g Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine 3.75g 98% fine Sestertius 27g 28.7g -
The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1
Year 4: The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1 Duration 2 hours. Date: Planned by Katrina Gray for Two Temple Place, 2014 Main teaching Activities - Differentiation Plenary LO: To investigate who the Romans were and why they came Activities: Mixed Ability Groups. AFL: Who were the Romans? to Britain Cross curricular links: Geography, Numeracy, History Activity 1: AFL: Why did the Romans want to come to Britain? CT to introduce the topic of the Romans and elicit children’s prior Sort timeline flashcards into chronological order CT to refer back to the idea that one of the main reasons for knowledge: invasion was connected to wealth and money. Explain that Q Who were the Romans? After completion, discuss the events as a whole class to ensure over the next few lessons we shall be focusing on Roman Q What do you know about them already? that the children understand the vocabulary and events described money / coins. Q Where do they originate from? * Option to use CT to show children a map, children to locate Rome and Britain. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm or RESOURCES Explain that the Romans invaded Britain. http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/romans.html Q What does the word ‘invade’ mean? for further information about the key dates and events involved in Websites: the Roman invasion. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm To understand why they invaded Britain we must examine what http://www.sparklebox.co.uk/topic/past/roman-empire.html was happening in Britain before the invasion. -
Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History 2015 Number 14 Editors: Frands Herschend and Paul Sinclair
Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History 2015 Number 14 Editors: Frands Herschend and Paul Sinclair. Editorial Board: Assyriology: Olof Pedersén. Archaeology: Anders Kaliff, Kjel Knutsson, Neil Price. Classical Archaeology and Ancient History: Gunnel Ekroth, Lars Karlsson. Global archaeology: Paul Lane. Editorial history: www.arkeologi.uu.se/Journal/ ISSN: 2001-1199 Published: 2015-03-12 at http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246544 The Coins in the Grave of King Childeric Svante Fischer1 & Lennart Lind2 1Corresponding author Svante Fischer, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University. [email protected] 2 Lennart Lind, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University . Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Uppsala University, Sweden ABSTRACT Svante Fischer & Lennart Lind 2015. The Coins in the Grave of King Childeric. This article contextualizes some one hundred mid- to late 5 th century solidi and two hundred silver coins found in the grave of King Childeric in Tournai, Bel- gium. We argue that the coins in the grave must have been assembled for the specific purpose of the burial rite and that some of the participants in the burial rite were allowed to look at the coins before the grave was sealed. We argue that they were capable of identifying the various coins because they were literate and familiar with Roman iconography. It follows that the solidus hoard together with the other coins is a meaningful composition that has been manipulated for ideological purposes by Clovis himself. The coins must hence be explained in a manner that considers Clovis’ ideological motives, as the grave and its contents run contrary to all usual explanations. -
A Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library CJ 237.H64 A handbook of Greek and Roman coins. 3 1924 021 438 399 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021438399 f^antilioofcs of glrcfjaeologj) anU Antiquities A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS G. F. HILL, M.A. OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COINS AND MEDALS IN' THE bRITISH MUSEUM WITH FIFTEEN COLLOTYPE PLATES Hon&on MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY l8 99 \_All rights reserved'] ©jcforb HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE The attempt has often been made to condense into a small volume all that is necessary for a beginner in numismatics or a young collector of coins. But success has been less frequent, because the knowledge of coins is essentially a knowledge of details, and small treatises are apt to be un- readable when they contain too many references to particular coins, and unprofltably vague when such references are avoided. I cannot hope that I have passed safely between these two dangers ; indeed, my desire has been to avoid the second at all risk of encountering the former. At the same time it may be said that this book is not meant for the collector who desires only to identify the coins which he happens to possess, while caring little for the wider problems of history, art, mythology, and religion, to which coins sometimes furnish the only key. -
Byzantine Coinage
BYZANTINE COINAGE Philip Grierson Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. © 1999 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Second Edition Cover illustrations: Solidus of Justinian II (enlarged 5:1) ISBN 0-88402-274-9 Preface his publication essentially consists of two parts. The first part is a second Tedition of Byzantine Coinage, originally published in 1982 as number 4 in the series Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection Publications. Although the format has been slightly changed, the content is fundamentally the same. The numbering of the illustrations,* however, is sometimes different, and the text has been revised and expanded, largely on the advice and with the help of Cécile Morrisson, who has succeeded me at Dumbarton Oaks as advisor for Byzantine numismatics. Additions complementing this section are tables of val- ues at different periods in the empire’s history, a list of Byzantine emperors, and a glossary. The second part of the publication reproduces, in an updated and slightly shorter form, a note contributed in 1993 to the International Numismatic Commission as one of a series of articles in the commission’s Compte-rendus sketching the histories of the great coin cabinets of the world. Its appearance in such a series explains why it is written in the third person and not in the first. It is a condensation of a much longer unpublished typescript, produced for the Coin Room at Dumbarton Oaks, describing the formation of the collection and its publication. * The coins illustrated are in the Dumbarton Oaks and Whittemore collections and are re- produced actual size unless otherwise indicated. -
Roman Coins Elementary Manual
^1 If5*« ^IP _\i * K -- ' t| Wk '^ ^. 1 Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google PROTAT BROTHERS, PRINTBRS, MACON (PRANCi) Digitized by Google ROMAN COINS ELEMENTARY MANUAL COMPILED BY CAV. FRANCESCO gNECCHI VICE-PRBSIDENT OF THE ITALIAN NUMISMATIC SOaETT, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LONDON, BELGIAN AND SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIBTIES. 2"^ EDITION RKVISRD, CORRECTED AND AMPLIFIED Translated by the Rev<> Alfred Watson HANDS MEMBF,R OP THE LONDON NUMISMATIC SOCIETT LONDON SPINK & SON 17 & l8 PICCADILLY W. — I & 2 GRACECHURCH ST. B.C. 1903 (ALL RIGHTS RF^ERVED) Digitized by Google Arc //-/7^. K.^ Digitized by Google ROMAN COINS ELEMENTARY MANUAL AUTHOR S PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION In the month of July 1898 the Rev. A. W. Hands, with whom I had become acquainted through our common interests and stud- ieSy wrote to me asking whether it would be agreeable to me and reasonable to translate and publish in English my little manual of the Roman Coinage, and most kindly offering to assist me, if my knowledge of the English language was not sufficient. Feeling honoured by the request, and happy indeed to give any assistance I could in rendering this science popular in other coun- tries as well as my own, I suggested that it would he probably less trouble ii he would undertake the translation himselt; and it was with much pleasure and thankfulness that I found this proposal was accepted. It happened that the first edition of my Manual was then nearly exhausted, and by waiting a short time I should be able to offer to the English reader the translation of the second edition, which was being rapidly prepared with additions and improvements. -
The Gender of Money: Byzantine Empresses on Coins (324–802)’ Gender & History, Vol.12 No
Gender & History ISSN 0953–5233 Leslie Brubaker and Helen Tobler, ‘The Gender of Money: Byzantine Empresses on Coins (324–802)’ Gender & History, Vol.12 No. 3 November 2000, pp. 572–594. The Gender of Money: Byzantine Empresses on Coins (324–802) Leslie Brubaker and Helen Tobler Coins played different roles in the ancient and medieval worlds from those that they play in the economy today. In the late antique and early Byzantine world – that is, roughly between 300 and 800 – there were in a sense two currencies: gold coins and base metal (copper) coins. Both were minted and distributed by the state, but the gold solidi (in Latin) or nomismata (in Greek), introduced in 309, were by the end of the fifth century in practice used above all for the payment of tax and for major transactions such as land sales, while the copper coins (nummi, replaced in 498 by folles) were broadly the currency of market transactions.1 Another striking difference is that late antique and Byzantine coin types changed with great frequency: as an extreme example, Maria Alföldi catalogued over seven hundred different types for a single emperor, Constantine I the Great (306–37, sole ruler from 324).2 There are many reasons for this, but one of the most import- ant has to do with communication: centuries before the advent of the press, images on coins were a means to circulate information about the state. This is particularly true of the first three and a half centuries covered by this article. While the extent to which coins were used in daily exchange transactions is still uncertain, and was very variable, the frequency with which they appear in archaeological excavations of urban sites throughout the former eastern Roman empire until 658 indicates their wide diffusion. -
GREEK and ROMAN COINS GREEK COINS Technique Ancient Greek
GREEK AND ROMAN COINS GREEK COINS Technique Ancient Greek coins were struck from blank pieces of metal first prepared by heating and casting in molds of suitable size. At the same time, the weight was adjusted. Next, the blanks were stamped with devices which had been prepared on the dies. The lower die, for the obverse, was fixed in the anvil; the reverse was attached to a punch. The metal blank, heated to soften it, was placed on the anvil and struck with the punch, thus producing a design on both sides of the blank. Weights and Values The values of Greek coins were strictly related to the weights of the coins, since the coins were struck in intrinsically valuable metals. All Greek coins were issued according to the particular weight system adopted by the issuing city-state. Each system was based on the weight of the principal coin; the weights of all other coins of that system were multiples or sub-divisions of this major denomination. There were a number of weight standards in use in the Greek world, but the basic unit of weight was the drachm (handful) which was divided into six obols (spits). The drachm, however, varied in weight. At Aigina it weighed over six grammes, at Corinth less than three. In the 6th century B.C. many cities used the standard of the island of Aegina. In the 5th century, however, the Attic standard, based on the Athenian tetradrachm of 17 grammes, prevailed in many areas of Greece, and this was the system adopted in the 4th century by Alexander the Great. -
Constantine I and a New Christian Golden Age: a Secretly Christian Reverse Type Identified? David Woods
Constantine I and a New Christian Golden Age: A Secretly Christian Reverse Type Identified? David Woods HE PURPOSE of this paper is to explore the significance of a reverse type used on solidi struck in the name of T Constantine I (306–337) alone at the mints of Nico- media, Sirmium, Ticinum, and Trier during his vicennial year starting on 26 July 325.1 This type depicts what is usually described as two interlaced wreaths surrounded by the legend CONSTANTINVS AVG ( fig. 1).2 With the exception of the issue from Trier, Constantine used this type as part of the coinage struck for donatives as he stopped in the various mint-towns during the course of his journey from Nicomedia to Rome.3 The only minor variation between the mints is that the coins from Sirmium, Ticinum, and Trier always depict a single star cen- 1 The standard catalogue of the coinage of Constantine I remains Patrick M. Bruun, RIC VII (London 1966). I refer to the coins of Constantine and his Caesars by their numbers under the relevant mints in this volume. For a detailed treatment of the coins struck by Constantine as he travelled from Nicomedia to Rome during this vicennial year, including many types not known to Bruun, see Lars Ramskold, “Constantine’s Vicennalia and the Death of Crispus,” in Miša Rakocija (ed.), Niš and Byzantium Symposium XI (2013) 409–456 (cited hereafter by author’s name). In matters of dating and the structure of various issues, I follow Ramskold. However, while Ram- skold’s paper is invaluable in most respects, it avoids discussion of iconogra- phy. -
Ancient Coin Reference Guide
Ancient Coin Reference Guide Part One Compiled by Ron Rutkowsky When I first began collecting ancient coins I started to put together a guide which would help me to identify them and to learn more about their history. Over the years this has developed into several notebooks filled with what I felt would be useful information. My plan now is to make all this information available to other collectors of ancient coinage. I cannot claim any credit for this information; it has all come from many sources including the internet. Throughout this reference I use the old era terms of BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domni, year of our Lord) rather than the more politically correct BCE (Before the Christian era) and CE (Christian era). Rome With most collections, there must be a starting point. Mine was with Roman coinage. The history of Rome is a subject that we all learned about in school. From Julius Caesar, Marc Anthony, to Constantine the Great and the fall of the empire in the late 5th century AD. Rome first came into being around the year 753 BC, when it was ruled under noble families that descended from the Etruscans. During those early days, it was ruled by kings. Later the Republic ruled by a Senate headed by a Consul whose term of office was one year replaced the kingdom. The Senate lasted until Julius Caesar took over as a dictator in 47 BC and was murdered on March 15, 44 BC. I will skip over the years until 27 BC when Octavian (Augustus) ended the Republic and the Roman Empire was formed making him the first emperor. -
Tagungsband Zum 7. Österreichischen Numismatikertag (Wien, Vom 19
2728, 286 EUROSYSTEM OESTERREICHISCHE NATIONALBANK EUROSYSTEM OESTERREICHISCHE NATIONALBANK Stabilität und Instabilität von Geldsystemen Tagungsband zum 7. Österreichischen Numismatikertag InstitutInstitut für Numismatik für Numismatik und Geldgeschichteund Geldgeschichte www.oenb.at – TAGUNGSBAND NUMISMATERIKERTAG OESTERREICHISCHE NATIONALBANK EUROSYSTEM STABILITÄT UND INSTABILITÄT VON GELDSYSTEMEN Tagungsband zum 7. Österreichischen Numismatikertag (Wien, vom 19. – 20. Mai 2016) Die von den Autorinnen und Autoren in den Beiträgen zum Ausdruck gebrachte Meinung gibt nicht notwendigerweise die Meinung der Oesterreichischen Nationalbank wieder. Medieninhaberin und Oesterreichische Nationalbank Herausgeberin Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Verlags- und PO Box 61, 1011 Vienna, Austria Herstellungsort www.oenb.at [email protected] Phone (+43-1) 40420-6666 Fax (+43-1) 40420-046698 Redaktion und Organisation Michael Grundner Mitarbeit Andreas Hochstöger, Manuela Leibetseder Lektorat Alexander Dallinger, Dagmar Dichtl Layout und Satz Andreas Kulleschitz, Robert Musil (Cover), Melanie Schuhmacher DVR 0031577 REG.NO. AT- 000311 ISSN 2309–3323 (online) © Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2018. All rights reserved. May be reproduced for noncommercial, educational and scientific purposes provided that the source is acknowledged. Printed according to the Austrian Ecolabel guideline for printed matter (No. 820). Please collect used paper for recycling. EU Ecolabel: AT/028/024 Inhalt Vorwort 5 Jiří Militký Keltische Münzen aus der Zentralsiedlung -
Ancient Greek Celtic
Downies Coins Melbourne Shop U04, 3 Southgate Avenue, Southbank, Vic, 3006 P: (03) 9686 8411 | E: [email protected] ANCIENT GREEK CELTIC 12 Alexander III (336-323BC) AE15, Head of 6 Pella (158-149BC) AE18, Head of Poseidon, Herakles, Rev Eagle standing right, looking back Rev Bull standing (Lindgren 1099) VF (S6743) VF KA1752 $90 KA1747 $110 1 Continental Celts (1st Century BC) AR Drachm, Head right, S.C. behind, Rev Biga of horses driven by a crudely depicted charioteer, no inscription, the obverse off centre, using Roman Republic Denarius, perhaps Silanus’ issue, as a prototype, Fine 13 Kassander (319-297BC) AE17, Head of KA1975 $150 7 Macedon as a Roman province, Gaius Publilius, Herakles, Rev Lion recumbent (S6753) VF Quaestor (148-146BC) AE18, Head of Roma, Rev Inscription in oak wreath (Cop 1318; BMC 72) Fine KA1748 $95 KA1705 $75 2 Continental uniface silver unit, 0.72g, 8.5mm, Celticized horse and rider left, VF MACEDONIAN KINGDOM KA2161 $110 14 Anonymous issue (after 309BC) AE15, SICILY Macedonian shield with torch in centre, Rev Helmet, caduceus in field, trident below (Imhoof AMNG p.173, 3) struck in the period during 8 Philip II (359-336BC) AE18, Head of Apollo, the battle for supremacy after the death of Rev Youth on horse (S6695) VF Alexander IV, a scarce type, Fine/gFine KA1745 $110 KA1724 $95 3 Syracuse, Timoleon (344-336BC) AE Trias, Helmeted head of Athena, Rev Hippocamp (S1193) VG KA2144 $65 9 Philip II (359-336BC) AE12, Head of Herakles left, Rev Thunderbolt (SNG ANS 994; Cop 621) VF 15 Demetrios Poliorketes (294-288BC)