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Jacques Chaoulli and George Zeliotis Appellants Attorney General of Quebec and Attorney General of Canada Respondents and Atto

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Jacques Chaoulli and George Zeliotis Appellants Attorney General of Quebec and Attorney General of Canada Respondents and Atto [2005] 1 R.C.S. CHAOULLI c. QUÉBEC (P.G.) 791 Jacques Chaoulli and Jacques Chaoulli et George Zeliotis Appellants George Zeliotis Appelants v. c. Attorney General of Quebec and Procureur général du Québec et Attorney General of Canada Respondents procureur général du Canada Intimés and et Attorney General of Ontario, Procureur général de l’Ontario, Attorney General of New Brunswick, procureur général du Nouveau-Brunswick, Attorney General for Saskatchewan, procureur général de la Saskatchewan, Augustin Roy, Senator Michael Kirby, Augustin Roy, Sénateur Michael Kirby, Senator Marjory Lebreton, Sénatrice Marjory Lebreton, Sénatrice Senator Catherine Callbeck, Senator Catherine Callbeck, Sénatrice Joan Cook, Joan Cook, Senator Jane Cordy, Sénatrice Jane Cordy, Sénatrice Joyce Senator Joyce Fairbairn, Senator Wilbert Fairbairn, Sénateur Wilbert Keon, Keon, Senator Lucie Pépin, Senator Brenda Sénatrice Lucie Pépin, Sénatrice Brenda Robertson and Senator Douglas Roche, Robertson et Sénateur Douglas Roche, Canadian Medical Association and Canadian Association médicale canadienne et Orthopaedic Association, Canadian Labour Association canadienne d’orthopédie, Congress, Charter Committee on Poverty Congrès du travail du Canada, Comité de Issues and Canadian Health Coalition, la Charte et des questions de pauvreté et Cambie Surgeries Corp., False Creek Coalition canadienne de la santé, Surgical Centre Inc., Delbrook Surgical Cambie Surgeries Corp., False Creek Centre Inc., Okanagan Plastic Surgery Surgical Centre Inc., Delbrook Surgical Centre Inc., Specialty MRI Clinics Inc., Centre Inc., Okanagan Plastic Surgery Fraser Valley MRI Ltd., Image One MRI Centre Inc., Specialty MRI Clinics Inc., Clinic Inc., McCallum Surgical Centre Ltd., Fraser Valley MRI Ltd., Image One MRI 4111044 Canada Inc., South Fraser Surgical Clinic Inc., McCallum Surgical Centre Ltd., Centre Inc., Victoria Surgery Ltd., Kamloops 4111044 Canada Inc., South Fraser Surgical Surgery Centre Ltd., Valley Cosmetic Surgery Centre Inc., Victoria Surgery Ltd., Kamloops Associates Inc., Surgical Centres Inc., Surgery Centre Ltd., Valley Cosmetic Surgery British Columbia Orthopaedic Association Associates Inc., Surgical Centres Inc., and British Columbia Anesthesiologists British Columbia Orthopaedic Association Society Interveners et British Columbia Anesthesiologists Society Intervenants Indexed as: Chaoulli v. Quebec Répertorié : Chaoulli c. Québec (Attorney General) (Procureur général) Neutral citation: 2005 SCC 35. Référence neutre : 2005 CSC 35. File No.: 29272. No du greffe : 29272. 792 CHAOULLI v. QUEBEC (A.G.) [2005] 1 S.C.R. 2004: June 8; 2005: June 9.* 2004 : 8 juin; 2005 : 9 juin*. Present: McLachlin C.J. and Major, Bastarache, Binnie, Présents : La juge en chef McLachlin et les juges Major, LeBel, Deschamps and Fish JJ. Bastarache, Binnie, LeBel, Deschamps et Fish. on appeal from the court of appeal for en appel de la cour D’appel du québec quebec Human rights — Right to life and to personal inviol‑ Droits de la personne — Droit à la vie et à l’intégrité ability — Waiting times in public health system — Prov‑ de la personne — Délais d’attente du système de santé incial legislation prohibiting Quebec residents from public — Dispositions provinciales prohibant aux rési‑ taking out insurance to obtain in private sector health dents du Québec de s’assurer pour obtenir du secteur care services already available under Quebec’s public privé des services de santé déjà dispensés par le régime health care plan — Prohibition depriving Quebec resi‑ de santé public québécois — Prohibition empêchant les dents of access to private health care services not coming résidents du Québec d’avoir accès à des soins de santé with waiting times inherent in public system — Whether privés qui ne sont pas assujettis aux délais d’attente prohibition infringing rights to life and to personal inhérents au régime public — La prohibition porte‑t‑elle inviolability guaranteed by s. 1 of Charter of Human atteinte aux droits à la vie et à l’intégrité de la personne Rights and Freedoms — If so, whether infringement can garantis par l’art. 1 de la Charte des droits et libertés de be justified under s. 9.1 of Charter — Charter of Human la personne? — Dans l’affirmative, cette atteinte est‑elle Rights and Freedoms, R.S.Q., c. C‑12, ss. 1, 9.1 — Health justifiable au regard de l’art. 9.1 de la Charte? — Charte Insurance Act, R.S.Q., c. A‑29, s. 15 — Hospital Insur‑ des droits et libertés de la personne, L.R.Q., ch. C‑12, ance Act, R.S.Q., c. A‑28, s. 11. art. 1, 9.1 — Loi sur l’assurance maladie, L.R.Q., ch. A‑29, art. 15 — Loi sur l’assurance‑hospitalisation, L.R.Q., ch. A‑28, art. 11. Constitutional law — Charter of Rights — Right to Droit constitutionnel — Charte des droits — Droit life, liberty and security of person — Fundamental jus‑ à la vie, à la liberté et à la sécurité de la personne — tice — Waiting times in public health system — Provin‑ Justice fondamentale — Délais d’attente du système de cial legislation prohibiting Quebec residents from taking santé public — Dispositions provinciales prohibant aux out insurance to obtain in private sector health care ser‑ résidents du Québec de s’assurer pour obtenir du secteur vices already available under Quebec’s public health privé des services de santé déjà dispensés par le régime care plan — Prohibition depriving Quebec residents of de santé public québécois — Prohibition empêchant les access to private health care services not coming with résidents du Québec d’avoir accès à des soins de santé waiting times inherent in public system — Whether pro‑ privés qui ne sont pas assujettis aux délais d’attente hibition constituting deprivation of rights to life, liberty inhérents au régime public — La prohibition porte‑t‑elle and security of person guaranteed by s. 7 of Canadian atteinte aux droits à la vie, à la liberté et à la sécurité Charter of Rights and Freedoms and, if so, whether dep‑ de la personne garantis par l’art. 7 de la Charte cana‑ rivation in accordance with principles of fundamental dienne des droits et liberté et, dans l’affirmative, cette justice — If there violation, whether it can be justified atteinte est‑elle conforme aux principes de justice fon‑ under s. 1 of Charter — Canadian Charter of Rights and damentale? — S’il y a contravention, est‑elle justifiable Freedoms, ss. 1, 7 — Health Insurance Act, R.S.Q., c. au regard de l’article premier de la Charte? — Charte A‑29, s. 15 — Hospital Insurance Act, R.S.Q., c. A‑28, canadienne des droits et libertés, art. 1, 7 — Loi sur l’as‑ s. 11. surance maladie, L.R.Q., ch. A‑29, art. 15 — Loi sur l’assurance‑hospitalisation, L.R.Q., ch. A‑28, art. 11. Over the years, Z experienced a number of health Z souffre, au fil des ans, de plusieurs problèmes de problems that prompted him to speak out against wait- santé qui l’amènent à dénoncer les délais du système ing times in Quebec’s public health care system. C is a de santé public québécois. C est médecin et tente sans physician who has tried unsuccessfully to have his home- succès de faire reconnaître ses activités de médecine à * On August 4, 2005, the Court stayed the judgment for a * Le 4 août 2005, la Cour a suspendu le jugement pour une period of 12 months from the date of the judgment. période de 12 mois à compter de la date du jugement. [2005] 1 R.C.S. CHAOULLI c. QUÉBEC (P.G.) 793 delivered medical activities recognized and to obtain a domicile et d’obtenir un permis pour exploiter un hôpital licence to operate an independent private hospital. By privé indépendant. Par requête en jugement déclaratoire, means of a motion for a declaratory judgment, the appel- les appelants Z et C contestent la validité de la prohibi- lants, Z and C, contested the validity of the prohibition tion de l’assurance maladie privée que prévoient les art. on private health insurance provided for in s. 15 of the 15 de la Loi sur l’assurance maladie (« LAM ») et 11 de Health Insurance Act (“HEIA”) and s. 11 of the Hospital la Loi sur l’assurance‑hospitalisation (« LAH »). Ils font Insurance Act (“HOIA”). They contended that the pro- valoir que cette prohibition les prive de soins de santé hibition deprives them of access to health care servi- qui ne sont pas assujettis aux délais d’attente inhérents ces that do not come with the waiting times inherent in au régime public. Ils estiment notamment que les art. 15 the public system. They claimed, inter alia, that s. 15 LAM et 11 LAH portent atteinte aux droits qui leur sont HEIA and s. 11 HOIA violate their rights under s. 7 of the garantis par l’art. 7 de la Charte canadienne des droits Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and s. 1 of the et libertés et l’art. 1 de la Charte des droits et libertés Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. The de la personne du Québec. La Cour supérieure rejette la Superior Court dismissed the motion for a declaratory requête en jugement déclaratoire. La cour est d’avis que, judgment. In the court’s view, even though the appellants même si les appelants ont démontré l’existence d’une had demonstrated a deprivation of the rights to life, lib- atteinte aux droits à la vie, à la liberté et à la sécurité de erty and security of the person guaranteed by s. 7 of the la personne garantis par l’art. 7 de la Charte canadienne, Canadian Charter, this deprivation was in accordance cette atteinte est conforme aux principes de justice fon- with the principles of fundamental justice. The Court of damentale. La Cour d’appel confirme cette décision. Appeal affirmed that decision. Held (Binnie, LeBel and Fish JJ. dissenting): The Arrêt (les juges Binnie, LeBel et Fish sont dissidents) : appeal should be allowed.
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